2018 UCRN URBAN CHINA RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE
WUHAN UNIVERSITY 武汉大学June 23rd-25th, 2018 2018 UCRN URBAN CHINA RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE
SUPPORTED BY
School of Urban Design, Wuhan University The Urban China Research Network State University of New York at Albany Urban Studies Journal Wuhan Planning and Design Institute
CONFERENCE ORGANIZING COMMITTEES
CONFERENCE CHAIR: Zhigang Li Professor, Wuhan University Dean, School of Urban Design, Wuhan University VICE CONFERENCE CHAIR: Zai Liang Professor, State University of New York at Albany Co-Director, The Urban China Research Network MEMBERS: Youqin Huang Professor, State University of New York at Albany Sainan Lin Associate Professor, Wuhan University Cheng Chen Associate Professor, State University of New York at Albany
School of Urban Design Wuhan University 2018 Urban China Research Network Conference Urban China Studies in A New Era
Conference Program
Wuhan University, Wuhan, China June 23rd –25th, 2018 Warm Tips
IMPORTANT TIMES
CONFERENCE DATES: June 23rd-25th, 2018
10:00-21:00 June 22nd, 2018 Register at the lobby of JUNYI Dynasty Hotel / LUOJIA REGISTRATION TIME: SHANZHUANG Hotel (LJSZ Hotel)
08:15-08:45 June 23rd, 2018 Register at the lobby of LJSZ Hotel
IMPORTANT VENUES
VENUE TIME ACTIVITY CONTACT 1. Registration JUNYI Dynasty Hotel June 22nd-25th Tel: 027-87687777 2. Accommodation 1. Registration 2. Accommodation 3. Lunch / Dinner 4. Parallel Session
nd th 5. Doctoral Student Panel LJSZ Hotel June 22 -25 Tel: 027-68752935 6. Urban Studies Publication Workshop 7. Small Grant and Big Career Session 8. Banquet and Conference Award Ceremony Renwen 1. Opening Ceremony Sainan Lin: Building,Wuhan June 23rd 2. Plenary Session +86 18815042265 University (WHU)
WEATHER FORECAST
Fri 22nd Sat 23rd Sun 24th Mon 25th 31° 31° 31° 33° 20° 23° 25° 26° 2018 UCRN URBAN CHINA RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE CONTENT
INTRODUCTION OF PLENARY SESSION 01
CONFERENCE SCHEDULE 04
CONFERENCE PROGRAM 06
Opening Ceremony 06
Plenary Session Schedule 06
Parallel Session Schedule 07
Doctoral Student Panel Schedule 27
Urban Studies Publication Workshop 30 Small Grant and Big Career Session Schedule 30
FIELD TRIP SCHEDULE 31
TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION 33 2018
URBAN CHINA INTRODUCTION OF PLENARY SESSION RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE
Introduction of Plenary Session
Urbanization and Children in China Zai Liang
Professor of Sociology, State University of New York at Albany and Co-Director of The Urban China Research Network
Zai Liang received Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Chicago and conducted post-doctoral research at Brown University. He is currently Professor of Sociology at the University at Albany and Changjiang Scholar Visiting Chair Professor at Xi’an Jiaotong University. He is the former chair of Asia and Asian American section of the American Sociological Association. Since 2004, he has been serving as Director and Co-Director of The Urban China Research Network. His main research interests are migration/immigration, urbanization and urban sociology. He pursues these interests in the contexts of the United States, China and Africa. His research has been supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, the Ford Foundation, Spencer Foundation, and China Social Science and Philosophy Foundation among others.
Abstract China has experienced a fast-paced urbanization during the past three decades. Today more than 50% of Chinese population lives in urban places. Compared to other developing countries, China’s urbanization is not driven by high fertility of urban residents but rather by large volumes of internal migrants, now estimated to be as many as 200 million. Looking forward, some of these migrants may choose to stay in urban areas and others may decide to leave after working in cities for a few years. We examine the extent to which children affect migrants’ intention for long term settlement and their plan to change hukou status to local urban household registration. Our findings show that children have a significant impact on migrant parents’ intention for long term settlement as well hukou (household registration) conversion in the destinations. In addition, we find rural-urban hukou disparity persists in new ways. We also discuss policy implications of these findings.
01 新时代中国城市研究 Urban China Studies in A New Era June 23rd – 25th, 2018 Wuhan University, Wuhan
The Role of Informality in Chinese Smart City Strategies Alan Smart
Professor of Anthropology, University of Calgary
His research has focused on urban issues, housing, foreign investment, social change, food safety, zoonotic diseases, and agriculture in Hong Kong, China, and Canada. He is author of "Making Room: Squatter Clearance in Hong Kong" (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1992) “Petty capitalists and globalization” (co-edited with Josephine Smart, SUNY Press, 2005), “The Shek Kip Mei Myth: Squatters, fires and colonial rule in Hong Kong, 1950-1963” (Hong Kong University Press, 2006), “Posthumanism: Anthropological Insights (co-authored with Josephine Smart U Toronto Press, 2017) and numerous articles in journals and edited volumes.
Abstract This paper raises questions about the ways in which the “smartness” of smart cities is usually conceived. Smart city (SC) proponents usually beg the question of what makes a city smart, and in doing so neglect forms of intelligence that do not involve sophisticated technology controlled by technical and corporate elites. Smart city strategies generally either ignore or treat urban informality (including informal settlements, street markets, scavenging, etc.) as a barrier or an obstacle to their projects. Ignoring informality is common in cities of the global North, while seeing it as an obstacle is particularly common in the global South. This paper argues that attempts to displace or erase informality may reduce the intelligence of cities, given that informal practices are often solutions to the problems faced by the urban poor in cities dominated by politics that favour the elite. If these solutions are impeded or displaced, and the smart city technologies do not focus on the livelihood needs of those who past coping practices have been disrupted, the result will be cities that are less smart in practical and inclusive terms. Preliminary research suggests that informality is conceived of in Chinese official plans and projects in ways similar to cities of the global North. Going beyond the explicit content of the plans, there are many collateral data-intensive projects, such as the social credit system and facial recognition, that seem to be rapidly restricting the space for informal economic activities and other informal practices.
02 2018
URBAN CHINA INTRODUCTION OF PLENARY SESSION RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE
Housing Privatization and the Return of the State: Changing Governance in China Fulong Wu
Bartlett Professor of Planning, University College London
His research interests include urban development in China and its social and sustainable challenges. He has recently published a book, Planning for Growth: Urban and Regional Planning in China (2015, Routledge). He is ranked 11th amongst the top 50 Geographers in the age-weighted H-index SCI/SSCI. He was ranked the second in the 50 most productive authors in Geography and Urban Studies, and in terms of citation ranked “6th in Geography and garnered more citations than any other in Urban Studies”. He is among 40 ‘Key Thinkers on Cities’ (Koch and Latham, 2017, SAGE publishing). His total citations are 14,419 in Google Scholar with an h-index of 67 and an i10 index (the number of publications with at least 10 citations) of 153. To date, he has secured funding for 32 research projects, totalling £2,310,000, as PI.
Abstract
Housing privatization seems to suggest a process of state retreat. However, this is not always the case in China. This paper examines an estate that is mixed with work-unit housing and municipal public housing to understand its changing governance. It is intriguing to observe that the state has had to return to this neighbourhood to strengthen its administration following housing privatization, because the attempt to transfer responsibility to commercial property management failed. The neighbourhood governance, however, has transformed from one based on work- units to a government-funded administrative agency. The return of the state has been achieved through professional social workers, and it is struggling to operate, leading to the alienation and disempowerment of former state work-unit residents. The side effect of this approach to governance is that, through encouraging market provision and commercial operation which is not fully working, reciprocal activities are restrained. Since housing privatization, the neighbourhood has deteriorated from a brand-new estate into an ‘old and dilapidated neighbourhood’ in less than 25 years.
03 新时代中国城市研究 Urban China Studies in A New Era June 23rd – 25th, 2018 Wuhan University, Wuhan Conference Schedule
TIME ACTIVITY VENUE
nd June 22 , 2018 (Friday)
Lobby, JUNYI Dynasty Hotel 10:00-21:00 Registration Lobby, LJSZ Hotel June 23rd, 2018 (Saturday)
08:15-08:45 Registration Lobby, LJSZ Hotel
09:00-09:30 Opening Ceremony Main Conference Hall, Renwen Building, WHU
09:30-10:00 Photo Taking
10:00-12:00 Plenary Session Main Conference Hall, Renwen Building, WHU
12:30-14:00 Lunch (mentor lunch) 2nd Floor, JUXIAN Dinning Hall, LJSZ Hotel
Session A1 Conference Room No.1, LJSZ Hotel Session B1 Conference Room No.2, LJSZ Hotel 14:00-15:40 Session C1 Conference Room No.5, LJSZ Hotel Session D1 Conference Room No.3, LJSZ Hotel Session E1 Conference Room No.6, LJSZ Hotel
15:40-16:00 Tea Break
Session A2 Conference Room No.1, LJSZ Hotel Session B2 Conference Room No.2, LJSZ Hotel 16:00-17:40 Session C2 Conference Room No.5, LJSZ Hotel Session D2 Conference Room No.3, LJSZ Hotel Session E2 Conference Room No.6, LJSZ Hotel
18:00-20:00 Dinner 2nd Floor, JUXIAN Dinning Hall, LJSZ Hotel
04 2018
URBAN CHINA CONFERENCE SCHEDULE RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE
TIME ACTIVITY VENUE
June 24th, 2018 (Sunday)
Session A3 Conference Room No.1, LJSZ Hotel
Session B3 Conference Room No.2, LJSZ Hotel
08:30-10:10 Session C3 Conference Room No.5, LJSZ Hotel
Session D3 Conference Room No.3, LJSZ Hotel
Session E3 Conference Room No.6, LJSZ Hotel
10:10-10:30 Tea Break Session A4 Conference Room No.1, LJSZ Hotel Session B4 Conference Room No.2, LJSZ Hotel 10:30-12:10 Session C4 Conference Room No.5, LJSZ Hotel Session D4 Conference Room No.3, LJSZ Hotel Session E4 Conference Room No.6, LJSZ Hotel
12:30-13:30 Lunch 2nd Floor, JUXIAN Dinning Hall, LJSZ Hotel Doctoral Student Conference Room No.2, LJSZ Hotel Panel 1 Doctoral Student Conference Room No.5, LJSZ Hotel Panel 2 13:30-15:30 Doctoral Student Conference Room No.6, LJSZ Hotel Panel 3 Urban Studies Conference Room No.1, LJSZ Hotel Publication Workshop 15:30-15:50 Tea Break Small Grant and Big 15:50-18:10 Conference Room No.1, LJSZ Hotel Career Session Banquet and 18:30-20:30 Conference Award 2nd Floor, JUXIAN Dinning Hall, LJSZ Hotel Ceremony 20:30-21:30 UCRN Board Meeting Conference Room No.5, LJSZ Hotel
June 25th, 2018 (Monday)
Tanhualin 09:00-16:00 Field Trip Wuhan Planning Exhibition Hall
05 新时代中国城市研究 Urban China Studies in A New Era June 23rd – 25th, 2018 Wuhan University, Wuhan Conference Program
Opening Ceremony
Date：09:00-09:30, June 23rd Venue：Main Conference Hall, Renwen Building, WHU Date：09:00-09:30, June 23rd Venue：Main Conference Hall, Renwen Building, WHU
Chair：Jingnan Huang, Associate Professor, Vice Dean, School of Urban Design of Wuhan University Chair：Jingnan Huang, Associate Professor, Vice Dean, School of Urban Design of Wuhan University Guangming Tan Senior Representative Professor, Executive Vice President, Wuhan University Member of the Standing Committee of the University CPC Commission, WuhanZhigang University Li ZhigangProfessor Li, Wuhan University PrDean,ofessor School, Wuhan of Urban University Design , Wuhan University ZaiDean, Liang School of Urban Design, Wuhan University WelcomeWelcome Address Address Professor,Zai Liang State University of New York at Albany CoProfessor,-Director State, The University Urban China of NewResearch York atNetwork Albany Co-Director, The Urban China Research Network John Logan John Logan Professor, Brown University Professor, Brown University Co-Director, The Urban China Research Network
Plenary Session
rd Date：10:00-12:00, June 23rd Venue：Main Conference Hall, Renwen Building, WHU
Chair：Steven F. Messner, Professor, State University of New York at Albany
Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
Professor, State Urbanization and Children in 10:00-10:40 Zai Liang University of New York at ChinaChina Albany
The Role of Informality in Professor, University of 10:00-12:00 10:40-11:20 Alan Smart Chinese Smart City Strategies Calgary
Housing Privatization and the Professor, University 11:20-12:00 Fulong Wu Return of the State: Changing College London Governanceovernance in China
06 2018
URBAN CHINA CONFERENCE PROGRAM RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE
Session A1：Spatial Production and Governance
Date：14:00-15:40, June 23rd Venue：Conference Room No.1, LJSZ Hotel Chair：Youqin Huang, Professor, State University of New York at Albany Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
Commodification of Policing and Public Disorder in Urban 14:00-14:15 Jianhua Xu University of Macau China: A Case Study of Crime Posters in Guangzhou
From Discourse to Practice: 14:15-14:30 Lingyue Li Mega-event Spatial Fix to Tongji University Economic Sustainability?
Fiscal Decentralization and South China 14:30-14:45 Yan Wu Local Education Spending: A Agricultural University 14:00-15:40 County-Level Study in China
Negotiating Green Space with Landed Interests: The Urban University College 14:45-15:00 Calvin Chung Political Ecology of Greenway London in the Pearl River Delta
Why Stations Are There: The Chinese Scalar Politics in Inter-city 15:00-15:15 Mengmeng Zhang University of Hong Railway Planning of the Pearl Kong River Delta
15:15-15:40 Commentary
15:40-16:00 Tea Break
07 新时代中国城市研究 Urban China Studies in A New Era June 23rd – 25th, 2018 Wuhan University, Wuhan
Session A2：Urban Redevelopment
Date：16:00-17:20, June 23rd Venue：Conference Room No.1, LJSZ Hotel Chair：Bin Li, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
Process and Mechanism of Central China Normal 16:00-16:15 Jiang Gu Urban Renewal in Chinese University Mega-cities: Case of Wuhan
Variegated Planning Visions and Implications of Urban Zhejiang Sci-Tech 16:15-16:30 Xiaoqing Zhang Village Redevelopment in University China's Second-tier Cities
Dynamics of Urban - Three 16:00-17:20 Peking University Generations of Inner-city 16:30-16:45 Bin Li Shenzhen Graduate Rebuilding in Guangzhou School China
Post Unit Community Management Problems and 16:45-17:00 Lipeng Zhao Tsinghua University Reasons: A Case Study in Beijing
17:00-17:20 Commentary
08 2018
URBAN CHINA CONFERENCE PROGRAM RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE
Session B1：Regional Development
Date：14:00-15:40, June 23rd Venue：Conference Room No.2, LJSZ Hotel
Chair：Juan Chen, Associate Professor, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
Transformation of the Foreign Investment-induced Hong Kong Baptist 14:00-14:15 Chun Yang 'Exo(genous)-urbanization' University amid Industrial Restructuring in the Pearl River Delta, China
Polycentric Development in China’s Megalopolitan Florida International 14:15-14:30 Min Xiong Regions: Definitions, University Measurement, and Implications
Implementing the National New-Type Urbanization Plan The Hong Kong 14:30-14:45 Juan Chen in China: Regional Variations Polytechnic University 14:00-15:40 and the Striving for Growth
Study on the Spatial Distribution and Governance Ocean University of 14:45-15:00 Xueguang Ma of China's International China Cooperation Industrial Parks
Policy Interventions, Uneven Development and Rescaling: 15:00-15:15 Yiqun Zhang A Case Study of the Beijing- Nanjing University Tianjin-Hebei Region China 1962-2017
15:15-15:40 Commentary
15:40-16:00 Tea Break
09 新时代中国城市研究 Urban China Studies in A New Era June 23rd – 25th, 2018 Wuhan University, Wuhan
Session B2：Urban Housing
Date：16:00-17:10, June 23rd Venue：Conference Room No.2, LJSZ Hotel Chair：Zhilin Liu, Associate Professor, Tsinghua University Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
Where Have All the Units Gone: A Panel Data Analysis of Cross-city Variance in 16:00-16:15 Zhilin Liu Tsinghua University Affordable Housing Construction in China during 2011-2015
Entering Homeownership: East China Normal 16:15-16:30 Can Cui Differences across Cohorts University 16:00-17:10 and Regions in China
Local Spatial Variation of Rail Arizona State 16:30-16:45 Jianyi Li Transit Impact on Housing University Price: A Case Study in Wuhan
16:45-17:10 Commentary
10 2018
URBAN CHINA CONFERENCE PROGRAM RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE
Session C1：Urban Health
Date：14:00-15:40, June 23rd Venue：Conference Room No.5, LJSZ Hotel
Chair：Yi Lu, Assistant Professor, City University of Hong Kong Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
Neighborhood Characteristics, Activity-travel Behavior and Individual Beijing Normal 14:00-14:15 Jing Ma Health in Beijing: A University Perspective of Daily Activity Time Use and Mode Choice
People Walk More in Greener City University of 14:15-14:30 Yi Lu Neighborhoods Hong Kong
Exploring the Link between Population Density Sedentary 14:30-14:45 Ruoyu Wang Lifestyle and the Odds of Sun Yat-sen University 14:00-15:40 Overweight among Middle- aged and Elderly Chinese
Exploring Neighborhood Environmental Effect on 14:45-15:00 Yingzhi Qiu Sun Yat-sen University Mental Health: A Case Study in Guangzhou, China
Influence of Neighborhood Environmental Perception on 15:00-15:15 Shuyi Zhang Self-rated Health of Residents Wuhan University in Big Cities of China: A Case Study of Wuhan
15:15-15:40 Commentary
15:40-16:00 Tea Break
11 新时代中国城市研究 Urban China Studies in A New Era June 23rd – 25th, 2018 Wuhan University, Wuhan
Session C2：Rural Development and Renaissance
Date：16:00-17:20, June 23rd Venue：Conference Room No.5, LJSZ Hotel Chair：Junxi Qian, Assistant Professor, The University of Hong Kong Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
Implication of Rural Urbanization with Place- 16:00-16:15 Yan Guo Wuhan University Based Entitlement for Social Inequality in China
Urban China in the Countryside? Architectural The University of 16:15-16:30 Junxi Qian Experimentation, Rural Hong Kong Renaissance and Planetary Urbanization
16:00-17:20 Education-Led Urbanization: When Metropolis-Centric 16:30-16:45 Mingrui Shen Nanjing University Colleges Go to the Counties in China
Will Migrant Urban Income Suppress or Promote Rural 16:45-17:00 Zehan Pan Production: Modeling the Fudan University Effects of Migrant Urban Income in Rural China
17:00-17:20 Commentary
12 2018
URBAN CHINA CONFERENCE PROGRAM RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE
Session D1：Urban Socio-spatial Structure I
Date：14:00-15:20, June 23rd Venue：Conference Room No.3, LJSZ Hotel Chair：Jingnan Huang, Associate Professor, Wuhan University Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
The Spatial Centrality of Residents’ behavior and the 14:00-14:15 Qixin He Nanjing University Spatial Structure of Nanjing’s Consuming Space
Spatial Improvement in the Peking University Milieu of Hukou Reform? 14:15-14:30 Yue Gong Shenzhen Graduate Residential Segregation in School China’s Megacities
14:00-15:20 Advance on the Research of Studentification and De- Zhejiang Academy of 14:30-14:45 Zhijie Jiang studentification in the West Tourism Science and its Enlightenment
The Emotional Mechanism 14:45-15:00 Zihan Deng and Influence of Consuming Nanjing University Spaces in Nanjing
15:00-15:20 Commentary
15:40-16:00 Tea Break
13 新时代中国城市研究 Urban China Studies in A New Era June 23rd – 25th, 2018 Wuhan University, Wuhan
Session D2：Urban Socio-spatial Structure II
Date：16:00-17:20, June 23rd Venue：Conference Room No.3, LJSZ Hotel Chair：Yue Gong, Assistant Professor, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
Spatial Inequality and Spatial Conflict in ‘Spatial Fix’ of 16:00-16:15 Huasong Yao Guangzhou University Road: A Case Study of Guangzhou Bridge Expansion
Quantitative Analysis of Spatial Structure Evolution in Traditional Settlements - Case Fujian University of 16:15-16:30 Libin Zhou Study in Tulou Settlements Technology Form of Fujian Province China
16:00-17:20 Residential Segregation in Comparative Perspective: A 16:30-16:45 Feicui Gou Wuhan University Study of Guangzhou and Wuhan
Strategy Study of Urban 16:45-17:00 Yijia Guo Linear and Vertical Public Tsinghua University Space
17:00-17:20 Commentary
14 2018
URBAN CHINA CONFERENCE PROGRAM RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE
Session E1：Community, Social Media and Civil Society I
Date：14:00-15:40, June 23rd Venue：Conference Room No.6, LJSZ Hotel
Chair：Mingrui Shen, Assistant Professor, Nanjing University Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
Will You Be More Satisfied with Your Life after Moving to East China Normal 14:00-14:15 Fenglong Wang a New Place: A Study of University Beijing, China
14:15-14:30 Jie Chen Can Elderly Care Go Sharing Wuyi University
The Changing Nature of State University of 14:30-14:45 Jiacheng Ren Feminist Movement in Urban New York at Albany China
14:00-15:40 Urban A14:00-15:4014:00- 15:40menity and 14:45-15:00 Yangyi Wu Employment Distribution in University of Utah Shanghai: Evidence from Social Media and Open Data
An Exploration of Cross- generational Childhood 15:00-15:15 Yuanyuan Shi Outdoor Play Experiences in University of Sheffield Chinese Communities, Taking Wuhan as An Example
15:15-15:40 Commentary
15:40-16:00 Tea Break
15 新时代中国城市研究 Urban China Studies in A New Era June 23rd – 25th, 2018 Wuhan University, Wuhan
Session E2：Community, Social Media and Civil Society II
Date：16:00-17:40, June 23rd Venue：Conference Room No.6, LJSZ Hotel Chair：Cheng Chen, Associate Professor, State University of New York at Albany Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
Factors Affecting Sense of Community: A Study from 16:00-16:15 Da Liu Wuhan University Community Governance Perspective
How Social Media Unites and The University of 16:15-16:30 Yinxuan Huang Divides Urban China Manchester
Research on Community Social Capital of the Young Tenants from the Perspective 16:30-16:45 Yuxin Qing Nanjing University of Social: A Case Study of Best Bond Apartment in 16:00-17:40 Nanjing
Sex Preference for Children in 16:45-17:00 Yuling Wu Peking University China
The Mediating Role of Social Cognition on the Predictive 17:00-17:15 Liang Wang Relation between Contact Guangzhou University Probability and Intergroup Relationship
17:15-17:40 Commentary
16 2018
URBAN CHINA CONFERENCE PROGRAM RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE
Session A3：Sustainable Urbanization I
Date：08:30-10:10, June 24th Venue：Conference Room No.1, LJSZ Hotel Chair：Wei Xu, Professor, University of Lethbridge Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
Informality and Urban Space: University of 08:30-08:45 Wei Xu An Epistemological Lethbridge Interrogation
Form Alomorphist Treatment of Urban Informality Guangzhou Institute 08:45-09:00 Gengzhi Huang Evaluating the Zoning Policy of Geography for Itinerant Street Vendors in Guangzhou
Assisting Lilongwe's Urban 09:00-09:15 Tianjie Zhang Growth: An Investigation on Tianjin University 08:30-10:10 China Aid Projects
City-regionalism as 09:15-09:30 Yi Li Hohai University Geopolitical Processes
The Equalization Evaluation Method of Public Service Facilities from the 09:30-09:45 Junnan Xia Wuhan University Perspective of HOMO- URBANICUS - A Case Study of Wuhan City
09:45-10:10 Commentary
10:10-10:30 Tea Break
17 新时代中国城市研究 Urban China Studies in A New Era June 23rd – 25th, 2018 Wuhan University, Wuhan
Session A4：Sustainable Urbanization II
Date：10:30-11:50, June 24th Venue：Conference Room No.1, LJSZ Hotel Chair：Eric Fong, Professor, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
The Trials of Technoburbia: the Urban Contradictions of 10:30-10:45 Julie T. Miao Glasgow University Hangzhou's Future Sci-tech City Corridor
Which Scale Matters: Rethinking Cultural Industry Wuhan University of 10:45-11:00 Xu Zhang Development Policies from a Technology City-network Perspective
10:30-11:50 Urbanization Agglomeration Economies: Population, Illinois Institute of 11:00-11:15 Hao Huang Migration, and Foreign Direct Technology Investment in China's New Era
Spatio-Temporal Influencing Mechanism of Urbanization Central China Normal 11:15-11:30 Lin Mei and Population Health in University China
11:30-11:50 Commentary
18 2018
URBAN CHINA CONFERENCE PROGRAM RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE
Session B3：Migration and Integration I
Date：08:30-10:10, June 24th Venue：Conference Room No.2, LJSZ Hotel
Chair：Xu Huang, Research Fellow, Sun Yat-sen University Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
How Neighborhood Social and Physical Environment East China Normal 08:30-08:45 Yue Shen Affect Employment University Outcomes of Migrants and Local Residents in Shanghai
The Informal Employment of China’s Rural-urban Migrants: South China Normal 08:45-09:00 Yuanyuan Zhang A Perspective from the University Everyday Geography
The Effect of Urbanization on 09:00-09:15 Hongsheng Chen Migrants Family Spatial Southeast University 08:30-10:10 Separation in China
The Effects of Social Ties on Rural-urban Migrants' Place 09:15-09:30 Xu Huang Sun Yat-sen University Attachment in the Destination Cities in China
Social Inclusion, Access to 09:30-09:45 Ziming Li Public Service, and Migrants’ University of Florida Family Integration in China
09:45-10:10 Commentary
10:10-10:30 Tea Break
19 新时代中国城市研究 Urban China Studies in A New Era June 23rd – 25th, 2018 Wuhan University, Wuhan
Session B4：Migration and Integration II
Date：10:30-11:50, June 24th Venue：Conference Room No.2, LJSZ Hotel Chair： George C.S. Lin, Professor, The University of Hong Kong Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
Can Education and Social The Chinese Contact Make Urban 10:30-10:45 Yuying Tong University of Hong Residents Less Hostile toward Kong Rural-to-urban Residents
Hukou by Degree: Migrants, Migration Policies and Social East China Normal 10:45-11:00 Limei Li Citizenship in a Chinese University Megacity
10:30-11:50 The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces at Work: City University of 11:00-11:15 June Wang Mobility of Screen Labours in Hong Kong Transnational Cinema After Cepa
Research on the Present Situation and Pathway of Migrant Population in Market 11:15-11:30 Meigui Ye Shanghai University Culture—Take Zhujiajiao Ancient Town in Shanghai for Example
11:30-11:50 Commentary
20 2018
URBAN CHINA CONFERENCE PROGRAM RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE
Session C3：Migration and Integration III
Date：08:30-10:10, June 24th Venue：Conference Room No.5, LJSZ Hotel Chair：Li Zhang, Professor, Fudan University Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
Migrants' Subjective Wellbeing in Chinese Cities: 08:30-08:45 Ye Liu Sun Yat-sen University The Mediating Effect of Social Comparison
Acquired but Unvested Welfare Rights: Migration 08:45-09:00 Li Zhang Fudan University and Entitlement Barriers in Reform-era China
Rural-urban Linkages, the Plight and Agency of Migrant 09:00-09:15 Xiaohui Zhong Sun Yat-sen University Women Care Workers in Urban China 08:30-10:10 Who Migrates for Education? Who Migrates via Education? Human Capital, Family， State University of 09:15-09:30 Han Liu Backgrounds, and Chinese New York at Albany College Students' Employment-Migration Decisions
Patientification and The University of 09:30-09:45 Dunxu Wu Healthcare Migrants in Urban Hong Kong China
09:45-10:10 Commentary
10:10-10:30 Tea Break
21 新时代中国城市研究 Urban China Studies in A New Era June 23rd – 25th, 2018 Wuhan University, Wuhan
Session C4：Ecological City
Date：10:30-11:50, June 24th Venue：Conference Room No.5, LJSZ Hotel Chair：Qingming Zhan, Professor, Wuhan University Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
The Concept and Practice of Ecological Campus Design--A 10:30-10:45 Wenxia Zheng Case Study of Campus Tsinghua University Landscape Design of China Agricultural University
The Expression of Chinese Traditional Ecological 10:45-11:00 Yan Huang Tsinghua University Wisdom on Contemporary Sustainable Environment
10:30-11:50 The Chinese Governing Eco-cities in China: 11:00-11:15 Ying Xu University of Hong A Case Study of Shenzhen Kong
Research on Suitability and Comprehensive Evaluation of China University of 11:15-11:30 Zhengsong Lin Protection and Development Geosciences for Water Culture Relics
11:30-11:50 Commentary
22 2018
URBAN CHINA CONFERENCE PROGRAM RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE
Session D3：Urban Modelling and Planning I
Date：08:30-10:10, June 24th Venue：Conference Room No.3, LJSZ Hotel Chair：Zhe Gao, Assistant Professor, Central China Normal University Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
Identifying Land Use Characteristics and 08:30-08:45 Yiling Zheng Mechanisms Related to Wuhan University Traffic Crashes in Urban China
Discussion on Identification of Unanticipated Urban Central China Normal 08:45-09:00 Zhe Gao Development in the New University Data Environment: A Case Study of Wuhan
08:30-10:10 Modeling and Simulation of Commuting Behavior of 09:00-09:15 Hao Wu Wuhan University Urban Residents Based on Mobile Phone Data
The Orientation Path and 09:15-09:30 Mengyao Hong Content of Spatial Planning at Wuhan University Cities and Counties Scale
09:30-10:10 Commentary
10:10-10:30 Tea Break
23 新时代中国城市研究 Urban China Studies in A New Era June 23rd – 25th, 2018 Wuhan University, Wuhan
Session D4：Urban Modelling and Planning II
Date：10:30-11:50, June 24th Venue：Conference Room No.3, LJSZ Hotel Chair：Ningrui Du, Associate Professor, Wuhan University Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
Polycentric Structure and Economic Performance of Six 10:30-10:45 Xiaobo Zhang Wuhan University City Clusters in Middle Region of China
How Planning Ideas Transformed in Policy Wuhan Planning and 10:45-11:00 Yiqi Yu Transfer - A Case Study of Design Institute Eco-City
10:30-11:50 The Role of Planning System in Sustainable Environmental Development: A Case Study Wuhan Planning and 11:00-11:15 Yue Zheng of the Guangzhou MSW Design Institute Incinerator Opposition Incident
Data Augmented Design: 11:15-11:30 Enjia Zhang Embracing New Data for Tsinghua University Urban Planning & Design
11:30-11:50 Commentary
24 2018
URBAN CHINA CONFERENCE PROGRAM RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE
Session E3：中文分会场 I
Date：08:30-10:10, June 24th Venue：Conference Room No.6, LJSZ Hotel Chair：Wei Wei, Professor, Wuhan University Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
从纵向到横向:农村籍大学生的相 08:30-08:45 翁堂梅 上海大学 对剥夺感探究
老年流动人口的医疗保障和卫生 08:45-09:00 张国英 华南师范大学 服务利用
上海市医务社工介入临终关怀跨 09:00-09:15 陶秋荣 学科合作构建的实证研究—以普 上海大学 陀区 A 社区医院为例
08:30-10:10 新型城镇化背景下流动过程与农 09:15-09:30 谢永飞 南昌大学 民工回流意愿的关系研究
09:30-09:45 杨舸 景德镇陶瓷产业集聚下的从业者 江西省社会科学院
邻里关系对大城市流动人口主观 09:45-10:00 田嘉玥 中山大学 幸福感的影响
10:00-10:10 Commentary
10:10-10:30 Tea Break
25 新时代中国城市研究 Urban China Studies in A New Era June 23rd – 25th, 2018 Wuhan University, Wuhan
Session E4：中文分会场 II
Date：10:30-12:10, June 24th Venue：Conference Room No.6, LJSZ Hotel Chair：Qiang Niu, Associate Professor, Wuhan University Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
当城里人被迫住在城郊—郊区 10:30-10:45 牛强 武汉大学 高中陪读社区特征研究
子女随迁对流动人口职住空间 10:45-11:00 文萍 中山大学 的影响—以广州为例
日本早期社区的适老更新问题 11:00-11:15 任亚鹏 武汉大学 观察—以户山住宅团地为例
10:30-12:10
一次性的永续商品化—上海东 11:15-11:30 周勇 台湾大学 滩生态城市的乌托邦实践
互联网：乡村城镇化的新动力 11:30-11:45 曾献君 —淘宝村福州建平村的个案研 福建工程学院 究
11:45-12:10 Commentary
26 2018
URBAN CHINA CONFERENCE PROGRAM RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE
Doctoral Student Panel 1：Urbanization, Migration and Health
Date：13:30-15:30, June 24th Venue：Conference Room No.2, LJSZ Hotel Chair：Hanlong Lu, Professor, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Discussant：Weiping Wu, Professor, Columbia University Josephine Smart, Professor, University of Calgary Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
Community Matters More to Migrants: An Examination of The Chinese 13:30-14:00 Yiqing Gan How Community Affects University of Hong Teenager’s Cognitive Ability in Kong Urban China
Quality Matters: Housing and 14:00-14:30 Shenghua Xie Mental Health of Rural University of Turku Migrants in Urban China
13:30-15:30 Economic Disadvantages and Migrants' Subjective Wellbeing University College 14:30-15:00 Yuqi Liu in China: The Mediating Effects London of Relative Deprivation and Neighborhood Deprivation
Inter-city Difference and Influencing Factors of 15:00-15:30 Hanbei Cheng Wuhan University Migrants’ Subjective Well- being
27 新时代中国城市研究 Urban China Studies in A New Era June 23rd – 25th, 2018 Wuhan University, Wuhan
Doctoral Student Panel 2：Housing and Urban Development
Date：13:30-15:30, June 24th Venue：Conference Room No.5, LJSZ Hotel Chair：Siming Li, Professor, Hong Kong Baptist University Discussant：Nick Smith, Assistant Professor, Yale NUS College Shenjing He, Associate Professor, The University of Hong Kong Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
Extending Infrastructural Power and Governing The University of Hong 13:30-14:00 Rong Cai Homeowner Associations in Kong Urban China
Aging and House Inventory in State University of New 14:00-14:30 Zequn Tang China York at Albany
13:30-15:30
Geographies of E-Waste and The University of Hong 14:30-15:00 Kun Wang Urban Informal Economy: A Kong Relational Approach
How Does Urban Density Decline over Time: An 15:00-15:30 Gang Xu Exponential Model in Chinese Wuhan University Cities and International Comparisons
28 2018
URBAN CHINA CONFERENCE PROGRAM RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE
Doctoral Student Panel 3：Return Migration and Settlement
Date：13:30-15:00, June 24th Venue：Conference Room No.6, LJSZ Hotel
Chair：Jianfa Shen, Professor, The Chinese University of Hongkong
Discussant：Yuan Ren, Professor, Fudan University Wenhong Zhang, Professor, Shanghai University
Time Speaker Topic Affiliation
Contextual Determinants on Migrant Workers’ Household State University of New 13:30-14:00 Feinuo Sun Intentions –Interacting with York at Albany Hukou Status and Migration Distance
二代流动人口回流决策的影 13:30-15:00 14:00-14:30 Qiao Li Xi'an Jiaotong University 响因素分析
我国流动人口子女随迁决策 14:30-15:00 Wenli Li Xi'an Jiaotong University 的代际差异研究
29 新时代中国城市研究 Urban China Studies in A New Era June 23rd – 25th, 2018 Wuhan University, Wuhan
Urban Studies Publication Workshop Urban Studies Publication Workshop Date： 13:30-15:00, June 24th Venue：Conference Room No.1, LJSZ Hotel Date： 13:30-15:00, June 24th Venue：Conference Room No.1, LJSZ Hotel Chair: Jon Bannister, Managing Editor, Urban Studies; Professor, Manchester Met Crime and Well-Being Chair: BigJon DataBannister Centre, M anaging Editor, Urban Studies; Professor, Manchester Met Crime and Well-Being Big Data Centre Tony O’Sullivan, Managing Editor, Urban Studies; Professor, University of Glasgow Tony O’Sullivan, Managing Editor, Urban Studies; Professor, University of Glasgow Time Topic Time Topic
13:30-15:00 The Urban Studies Journal and the Urban Studies China Strategy 13:30-15:00 The Urban Studies Journal and the Urban Studies China Strategy
Small Grant and Big Career Session Small Grant and Big Career Session Date： 15:50-18:10, June 24th Venue：Conference Room No.1, LJSZ Hotel Date： 15:50-18:10, June 24th Venue：Conference Room No.1, LJSZ Hotel Chair： John Logan, Professor, Brown University Chair： John Logan, Professor, Brown University Time Speaker Topic Affiliation Time Speaker Topic Affiliation Building a Comprehensive DatabaseBuilding a forComprehensive Social Science Hong Kong University 15:50-16:25 Xiaogang Wu andDatabase Evidence for -SocialBased Science Policy ofHong Science Kong and University 15:50-16:25 Xiaogang Wu Research:and Evidence Shanghai-Based and Policy Hong Technologyof Science and KongResearch: Shanghai and Hong Technology Kong
Homeland Identity:the ExperienceHomeland Identity:the of Community 16:25-17:00 Cuiling Li GovernanceExperience of From Community Taiwan — Wuhan University 16:25-17:00 Cuiling Li —GovernanceA Case Study From of TaipeiTaiwan — Wuhan University 15:50-18:10 —A Case Study of Taipei 15:50-18:10 Community Community
Uneven Integration in 17:00-17:35 Xiaolong Luo ShanghaiUneven Integration Metropolitan in Nanjing University 17:00-17:35 Xiaolong Luo Region,Shanghai China Metropolitan Nanjing University Region, China
A China Model of Urban Renmin University of 17:35-18:10 Ran Tao A China Model of Urban Renmin University of 17:35-18:10 Tao Ran Development China Development China
30 2018
URBAN CHINA FIELD TRIP SCHEDULE RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE
Field Trip
Field Trip on June 25th, 2018
To attend this field trip, you must register in advance at the on-site registration desk. This field trip will depart from LJSZ Hotel at 9:00 and JUNYI Dynasty Hotel at 9:20. It will take you to Tanhualin in the morning and Wuhan Planning Exhibition Hall in the afternoon. This field trip is free, but we decide to leave the lunch to yourself to enjoy the various restaurants in Tanhualin!
The whole trip will end at 16:00. Our bus will go back to JUNYI Dynasty Hotel and LJSZ Hotel. If you are going to the airport, it is about 20 kilometers from Wuhan Planning Exhibition Hall to Tianhe airport, you can either take a taxi which is about half an hour, or you can take metro line 3 and then transfer to Line 2 to the airport which is about 50 minutes. If you are going to Wuhan Railway Station, it is about 23 kilometers from Wuhan Planning Exhibition Hall, we suggest taking a taxi which is about half an hour (not in rush hour).
Notes: Please pay attention to the gathering place and departure time!
DESTINATIONS INTRODUCTION GATHERING DEPARTURE CONTACTS PLACE TIME Tanhualin is a historical landmark and beautiful walking street in the northeast LJSZ Hotel 9:00 of Wuchang district. The street is June 25th Tanhualin filled with hoary walls, ancient steles, antiques stores, and old consulates. Qi Liang It is known for its mixed Western and JUNYI Dynasty 9:20 Tel: 18507146639 th Chinese culture. Hotel June 25 Hanbei Cheng With a total built-up area of 22,430m2 Tel: 13026124986 Email: and a total exhibition area of about [email protected] 17,000m2, the Wuhan Urban Planning Wuhan Exhibition Hall has five floors (excluding 13:30 Planning Tanhualin th two mezzanines) with 18 exhibition June 25 Exhibition Hall zones, serving as a vital platform for the all-around display of Wuhan City’s urban development.
31 新时代中国城市研究 Urban China Studies in A New Era June 23rd – 25th, 2018 Wuhan University, Wuhan
Field Trip Route
Place of Interests at Tanhualin
32 2018
URBAN CHINA TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE
Transportation Information
I. Getting to LJSZ Hotel From Tianhe International Airport 1. Taxi: About an hour, 120 yuan 2. Metro About an hour and 40 minutes, 5 yuan + shuttle 1 yuan Route: Take metro line 2 to Jiedaokou Station (24 stops), Exit C. Then, walk into the campus. Take campus bus (Daxunhuan), get off at LJSZ Hotel (10 stops). From Wuhan Railway Station 1. Taxi: About 30 minutes, 40 yuan 2. Metro About 1 hour, 4 yuan + shuttle 1 yuan Route: Take metro line 4 to Hongshan Square Station (11 stops) or Zhongnan Road Station (12 stops), transfer to line 2 to Jiedaokou Station (3 stops /2 stops), Exit C. Then, walk into the campus. Take campus bus (Daxunhuan), get off at LJSZ Hotel (10 stops). From Hankou Railway Station 1. Taxi: About 40 minutes, 55 yuan 2. Metro About an hour, 4 yuan + shuttle 1 yuan Route: Take metro line 2 to Jiedaokou Station (13 stops), Exit C. Then, walk into the campus. Take campus bus (Daxunhuan), get off at LJSZ Hotel (10 stops).
II. Getting to JUNYI Dynasty Hotel From Tianhe International Airport 1. Taxi: About an hour, 120 yuan 2. Metro About an hour and 40 minutes, 5 yuan Route: Take metro line 2 to Jiedaokou Station (24 stops), Exit C. Then, turn left and walk straight for about 5-10 minutes. From Wuhan Railway Station 1. Taxi: About 30 minutes, 40 yuan 2. Metro About 1 hour, 4 yuan + shuttle 1 yuan Route: Take metro line 4 to Hongshan Square Station (11 stops) or Zhongnan Road Station (12 stops), transfer to line 2 to Jiedaokou Station (3 stops /2 stops), Exit C. Then, turn left and walk straight for about 5-10 minutes. From Hankou Railway Station 1. Taxi: About 50 minutes, 60 yuan 2. Metro About 50 minutes, 4 yuan Route: Take metro line 2 to Jiedaokou Station (13 stops), Exit C. Then, turn left and walk straight for about 5-10 minutes.
33 新时代中国城市研究 Urban China Studies in A New Era June 23rd – 25th, 2018 Wuhan University, Wuhan
III. Conference shuttle bus between JUNYI Dynasty Hotel and LJSZ Hotel
We provide conference shuttle bus services between two hotels, which leaves JUNYI Dynasty Hotel in the morning and goes back after the dinner. Please pay attention to the gathering time and place!
DATE ROUTE GATHERING PLACE AND TIME From JUNYI Dynasty Hotel to Lobby, JUNYI Dynasty Hotel at June 23rd, 2018, Renwen Building 08:10 (Saturday) Back to JUNYI Dynasty Hotel Lobby, LJSZ Hotel at 20:10 From JUNYI Dynasty Hotel to Lobby, JUNYI Dynasty Hotel at June 24th, 2018, LJSZ Hotel 08:00 (Sunday) Back to JUNYI Dynasty Hotel Lobby, LJSZ Hotel at 20:40
IV. If you do not take our conference shuttle bus services, other travel choices are as follows:
From LJSZ Hotel to JUNYI Dynasty Hotel 1. Campus bus (Daxunhuan): about 15 minutes, 1 yuan. Service time: 07:20-20:00 (every 20 minutes) Get on at LJSZ Hotel Station and get off at the final stop (10 stops). Then walk out of the campus, turn left and walk straight for 2 minutes to get to JUNYI Dynasty Hotel. 2. Bike riding: about 15 minutes (see the attached maps) 3. Walking: about 30 minutes 4. If you take a taxi to Wuhan University, only the following entrances are allowed: East Gate, West Gate, Chagang Gate, and Wenlan Gate (other gates are not accessible).
34 2018
URBAN CHINA TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE
Metro Lines to WHU
WHU Campus and the Conference Venue Locations
35 新时代中国城市研究 Urban China Studies in A New Era June 23rd – 25th, 2018 Wuhan University, Wuhan
Notes:
36 2018
URBAN CHINA RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE
Notes:
37
2018 Urban China Research Network Conference
Urban China Studies in A New Era
Conference Proceedings
Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
June 23rd –25th, 2018
Contents
Topic1：Spatial Production and Governance ...... 1
Topic2：Urban Redevelopment ...... 6
Topic3：Regional Development...... 11
Topic4：Urban Housing ...... 16
Topic5：Urban Health ...... 20
Topic6：Rural Development and Renaissance ...... 26
Topic7：Urban Socio-spatial Structure ...... 31
Topic8：Community, Social Media and Civil Society ...... 38
Topic9：Sustainable Urbanization ...... 48
Topic10：Migration and Integration ...... 56
Topic11：Ecological City ...... 71
Topic12：Urban Modelling and Planning ...... 75
Topic13：中文会场 ...... 83
Topic1：Spatial Production and Governance
1
Commodification of Policing and Public Disorder in Urban China: A Case Study of Crime Posters in Guangzhou
Jianhua Xu, University of Macau
Abstract Crime posters are symbols of public disorder. Using the data collected from systematic social observation from gated communities, semi-gated communities and urban villages, this study examines how crime posters distribute differently in public space in Guangzhou as well as factors shaping public disorder in different communities. It is found that while there are no crime posters in gated communities, they are ten times more likely to appear in semi-gated communities than that in urban villages. Data from participant observation as well as interviews with the police and urban management staffs reveal that while public policing is largely absent in controlling crime posters, private policing and security play a vital role. With the case study of crime poster, this study not only contributes to our understanding of how commodification of policing and security affects the distribution of public disorder in urban China, it also reveals the long neglected dimension of social inequality in access to policing and security between rural-to-urban migrant workers and local residents.
From Discourse to Practice: Mega-event Spatial Fix to Economic Sustainability?
Lingyue Li, Tongji University
Abstract Incorporating into China’s hyper growth track, mega-events have emerged since 1990s and greatly contribute to economic growth and transition of the host cities. This research proposes an idea of ‘mega-event spatial fix’ to understand how mega-event function as a “spatio-temporal fix” securing capital flow to prioritize economic development, which is revealed in both blurred narrative and actual practice of development-oriented sustainability. Nevertheless, whether economic development led by mega-event achieve sustainability remains debatable as economic sustainability should be a balance among society, environment and development. Thus, we interrogate how does mega-events associate with broader processes of capital accumulation in China’s economic transition? In what way does mega-events contribute to in situ capital accumulation and economic sustainability of host cities? Whether unsustainability engendered in discourse and practice of megaevents? Through two case studies of Expo 2010 Shanghai and 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, this research presents two ways by which mega-event as a spatial fix contribute to economic sustainability of host cities: 1) capital switching in rundown manufacturing site and, 2) capital expansion to economically backward areas. In both examples, host areas are
2 undergoing economic transition from manufacturing to service sectors, from investment- to consumption-driven economy. It also unfolds unavoidable dilemmas in the zero-sum game of mega-event hosting. Yet, such dilemmas are amplified under China’s authoritarian regime. In general, globalization in terms of spatial fix popularizes mega-events, spatiality of mega-events specifies site location squeezing out inefficient production mode and triggering citywide restructuring to cope with overaccumulation elsewhere, temporality of mega-events catalyzes accumulation agenda in host cities, globality of mega-events labels host cities with international significance that elevates local political superiority in relocation negotiation, and provisionality of mega-events unbolts shackles for further development because venues and land were vacated when the event ended. Key Words Mega-event; Spatio-temporal Fix; Sustainability; China
Fiscal Decentralization and Local Education Spending: A County-Level Study in China
Yan Wu, South China Agricultural University
Abstract Using a panel dataset of 147 counties in Heilongjiang Province and Jiangxi Province during 1998- 2007, we apply a difference-in-differences approach and fixed-effects models to examine how the province-managing-county (PMC) reform affects county’s public spending share on education. The results show that better-performing counties authorized with additional autonomy in economic and social management tended to spend a smaller share of local expenditure on education than other counties did, when poverty-stricken counties authorized with additional autonomy in fiscal management tended to increase local spending share on education or slowed down the speed of share reduction. Moreover, the reform shows a self-reinforcing effect as the reform progressing.
Key Words
Province-managing-county; Fiscal Decentralization; Public Goods Provision; Difference-in- differences
3
Negotiating Green Space with Landed Interests: The Urban Political Ecology of Greenway in the Pearl River Delta
Calvin Chung, University College London Fangzhu Zhang, University College London Fulong Wu, University College London Abstract Environmental demands are re-contouring the governance landscape of Chinese cities. The narrowly economic form of entrepreneurialism enshrined by many municipal governments in China is under attack from multiple fronts. Within the state, although the central government still places economic growth as its top priority, it is growingly concerned about reducing the environmental costs of growth. Since the idea of sustainable development landed in China after the 1992 Rio Summit, it has been enshrined in every national five-year economic and social plan in terms of promoting resource efficient industrialisation and eco-friendly urbanisation. A series of national policies and regulations have pressed for the implementation of these agendas at the municipal level (Chang, Leitner, & Sheppard, 2016; Xu & Chung, 2014). Outside the state, pressure is also mounting. A greener, cleaner city is needed not only for global interurban competition, but also in response to an upsurge of environmental activism. As recent inquiries on Chinese eco-cities (Caprotti, 2014; Pow & Neo, 2013; Xu, 2017) show, critical engagements on urban China ought to move beyond their current focus on the politics of economic development. They should explore what is increasingly known as the ‘politics of urban sustainability’ (Bulkeley & Betsill, 2005; Flint & Raco, 2012), which refers to the conflicts and debates over the balancing of economic and environmental interests in and around a city.
Key Words Urban Political Ecology; Erban Sustainability; Green Space; Greenway; Land Development
Why Stations Are There: Scalar Politics in Inter-city Railway Planning of the Pearl River Delta
Jiang Xu, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Mengmeng Zhang, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Calvin Chung, University College London Abstract China’s railway system was monopolized by the Ministry of Railway (MOR) for a long time. Before its dissolution in 2013, MOR’s capital scarcity for its ambitious railway network plan and difficulty to obtain support from local governments promoted the participation of provincial and municipal
4 government in railway projects. Ongoing prosperity of intercity railway (IR) plan within the mega- city regions well reflects this trend. In the planning process of IR, interest difference inevitably brings conflicts among actors from different scale. These actors struggle cross scales for their preferred line alignment and station location, which reconstructs scalar configuration of the hierarchical system. Illustrating these arguments, this paper investigates the IR planning process in the Pearl River Delta from the perspectives of ‘scalar politics’. Traditional approaches from ‘politics of scale’ bear one-sidedness because of their emphasis on either material or discursive moment of scale, respectively namely how actors adopt social practice to reconstruct scalar configurations and how they employ discourses or narratives to justify the legitimacy of the practice. While, ‘scalar politics’ combines these two moments. It is found that the decision-making process for line alignment and station location involve intensive struggling and bargaining among actors in national, provincial and municipal scale. It is undeniable that technical requirements are seriously considered, but it is politics that plays a decisive role. Besides, the railway system is changing from central monopoly to multi-level partnership. Government actors in different scale adopt the IR plan to reconstruct the existing scalar configuration of railway and administrative system. They also employ discourses to justify the project and their positions. Both material and discursive moment of scale are involved. Key Words Scalar Politics; Discourse; Inter-city Railway; Pearl River Delta
5
Topic2：Urban Redevelopment
6
Process and Mechanism of Urban Renewal in Chinese Mega-cities: Case of Wuhan
Jiang Gu, Central China Normal University Zhe Gao, Central China Normal University Jiaxing Cui, Central China Normal University
Abstract In Chinese cities that undergo great transition, the extent and scope of development in inner cities are gradually increasing, which have important implications for the restructuring of the socioeconomic aspects of cities. However, since few researchers have paid attention to it, there is a potential for research on land use change mechanisms in the urban renewal process. Since comprehensive reform and the Opening-up began in the first half of the 1990s, a remarkable level of urban development has taken place in Wuhan city. With the disintegration of the unit-yard system, and the introduction of new land distribution policies, a remarkable demolition- reconstruction process can be seen in the inner area. In this study, we developed a new method of land use classification using remote sensing analysis --- based on the shadows of buildings and green space. Based on this method, we have confirmed that in Wuhan city, a remarkable redevelopment process has occurred in the inner area of Wuhan. The main driving force behind this urban transformation process was the construction of high residential building areas. Key Words Urban Renewal; Urban Development; Mega Cities.
Variegated Planning Visions and Implications of Urban Village Redevelopment in China's Second-tier Cities
Xiaoqing Zhang, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Tingting Lu, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Abstract Urban villages in China refer to the former rural villages that are deprived of arable lands and absorbed by the expanding urban area. In recent years they grew in size and were considered by governments to stand in the way of the city upgrading. Since the early 2000s, the authorities in many cities have embarked on a programme of urban village redevelopment. Extant studies mainly focus on a singular case in China’s global cities, i.e. Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou whilst studies 7 in second-tier cities are, in comparison, limited in number and scope. The latter is, in fact, an important angle, for examining the general urban redevelopment process and its socio-economic implications at the local and regional scale. This paper adopts a comparative perspective to explore the dynamics of urban megaproject,the urban village redevelopments - in two second-tier cities, which represent two different modes of Chinese cities. The city of Xi’an is one of the most popular built-up cities in lessdeveloped, inland China, while the city of Wenzhou has the most active private economy and residential development in southeast coastal region. The redevelopment of urban villages in both Xi’an and Wenzhou shares some common contextual features: a state-led urban expansion spurred on by large-scaled programmes, small to medium sized urban villages with relatively weak social networks, and a government-dominated redevelopment process allowing for a limited level of democratic participation. However, the planning visions whichguides redevelopment projects, the socio-economic goals that are meant to achieve, and the positions which different stakeholders play are different in the two cities. Following the approach of comparative planning research that focuses on the improvement of planning practice and the advancement of planning theory, this paper takes completed mega redevelopment projects in each of the cities (refer to table 1), and explores three questions: first, what are the rationales behind different planning visions, goals and positions of stakeholders in urban village redevelopments? Second, how do these rationales relate to the different redevelopment outcomes that they produce? Finally, what are the implications of the variated rationales of redevelopment on urban transformation? In responding to the questions, this paper mainly develops three arguments (refer to table 2 for detailed comparison). First, the planning visions of urban village redevelopments play a key role in determining redevelopment approach and the relationships of stakeholders. The main vision of the urban village redevelopment in Xi’an is to beatify city image and promote social inclusion, while Wenzhou’s vision is to develop an urban commercial centre for economic gains. Therefore, although in the both cities local authorities play a dominant role in redevelopment process, the relationships of stakeholders in Wenzhou are relatively cooperative and negotiable. Second, redevelopment projects that involve market approaches with entrepreneurial goals are more likely to achieve positive outcomes. Projects in Wenzhou not only achieve economic development, but also improve local residents’ quality of life in terms of living environment, service provision and community identity. By comparison, Xi’an set its goals socially-oriented in the name of inclusion. The redevelopment policies in Xi’an, however, imply a trade-off between residents’ social and economic benefits; and local residents do not consider the trade-off redevelopment strategy that carried out by government as a process of inclusion. Finally, despite bearing different redevelopment visions and goals, all studied cases can resonate with the theory of planning centrality. In an era of Chinese state entrepreneurialism,
8 entrepreneurial local governments promote urban redevelopment projects based on a landcentred accumulation, aiming at enhancing city competitiveness by means of maximizing local revenue gains, invigorating housing market, and updating urban/social structure. Key Words Redevelopment; Urban Village; Social Inclusion; Second-tier Cities; Comparative Perspective
Dynamics of Urban - Three Generations of Inner-city Rebuilding in Guangzhou China
Bin Li, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Yani Lai, Shenzhen University Abstract This study investigates the changing policies and practices of inner-city rebuilding in Guangzhou, China from 1990 to 2015 based on qualitative data collected from semi-structured interviews, secondary data, and participant observations. The inner-city rebuilding practices in Guangzhou were analyzed according to five aspects, namely, major strategy and orientation, key actors and stakeholders, economic focus, social content, and physical emphasis. Under this framework, inner- city rebuilding in Guangzhou was categorized into the following three generations: i) redevelopment, profit driven, and market dominant; ii) reconstruction, political agenda leading, and government control; and iii) regeneration, intensifying social force, and integrated considerations. The changing features and mechanisms of the inner-city rebuilding practices in Guangzhou reflect the dynamics of the term “urban” in the rapid urbanization and transition process of China. Key Words Urban Regeneration; Urban Redevelopment; Urban Reconstruction
Post Unit Community Management Problems and Reasons: A Case Study in Beijing
Lipeng Zhao, Tsinghua University Abstract The community is the basic unit in city，different types of community have different questions. In the process of social transformation, numbers of communities which based on unit system are pushed to market, they lose the original dependent unit, but in the road to marketization, they can not adapt to the market and achieve the positive operation, then, on the one hand, they need much investment from government, on the other hand, the investment does not play the best
9 because of the gambling form different subjects. How to find the suitable government mechanism is an important question in the process of market transformation for post unit community. The issue is particularly acute in a metropolis, the paper takes a post unit community in Beijing as the filed workplace, makes use of participant observation and interview method, describes the history of the post unit community ， management situations, and the facing problems on collection of property charges, housing maintenance and community management ， and sometimes the government becomes the biggest responsibility subject body，but the cyclic problems verify that the investment from the government does not produce the best possible results. Actually，these problems are associated with the design and mechanism in the original phase of the city development. For the city redevelopment in the future，we should consider how to make the development profit assigned more fairly，which can do good to the community management. Key Words Post Unit Community; Social Transformation; Government Leadership; City Development
10
Topic3：Regional Development
11
Transformation of the Foreign Investment-induced 'Exo(genous)-urbanization' amid Industrial Restructuring in the Pearl River Delta, China
Chun Yang, Hong Kong Baptist University Abstract Since the early 2000s, there witnessed a growing body of literature on urban transformation on the one hand, and industrial restructuring on the other, in the global south, e.g. China, in the changing context of global and local dynamics. The two strands of literature have developed in parallel but have rarely been brought together. Moreover, existing interpretation of urban transformation and industrial restructuring in China has mainly focused on the analysis of internal dynamics on the national and sub-national/regional levels, while with insufficient attention to the lower-levels of urban and rural settlements, i.e. towns and villages in the changing global-local interaction. This paper attempts to forge connections between studies on urban transformation and industrial restructuring in China, through investigating the transformation of foreign investment-induced exo(genous)-urbanization amidst the restructuring of the export-oriented industrialization in the “workshop of the world factory”, viz. Pearl River Delta (PRD), since the late 2000s. Drawing upon the focal notion of “strategic coupling” in the Global Production Networks (GPNs) theory, the paper argues that the two important local actors, i.e. the low-skilled migrant workers and local villagers who made significant contribution to the export-oriented industrialization and “exo-urbanization” in the 1980s and 1990s, have “decoupled” from the regional production networks and urban systems in the PRD, as a result of the interplay of industrial relocation and automation production since the late 2000s. The study pleas for more dialogues between the research on urban transformation and industrial restructuring in the global south in response to the changing global-local dynamics. Key Words Urban Transformation; Industrial Restructuring; Exogenous-Urbanization; Pearl River Delta, China
Polycentric Development in China’s Megalopolitan Regions: Definitions, Measurement, and Implications
Min Xiong, Florida International University Shaoming Cheng, Florida International University Abstract Megalopolitan regions, each of which consists of multiple major cities, have become a critical economic development strategy in China to enhance urbanization, promote economic development, and reduce economic inequalities. A megalopolis, also known as a mega-city,
12 generally has a population of 10 million or more and has an economy of $100 billion or more. Because major cities are embedded, megalopolitan regions are inherently characterized by polycentric development within each megalopolis. Polycentric development has attracted increasing attention and research, following the passage and implementation of the European Spatial Development Perspective (Commission of the European Union, 1999). Existing studies, however, are mainly carried out at the international and national levels and mainly focus on the European context. Research on polycentric structure, dynamics, and effects at the intra-regional levels is scarce. There is an urgent need, particularly for Chinese researchers and policy makers, to better understand the status and effects of polycentric development in order to shed light on regional policies that may enable and facilitate the growth of megalopolises. This paper therefore seeks to expand the literature and examine the patterns and effects of polycentric structure within China’s megalopolitan regions. The objectives of the paper are threefold. First, it will define polycentric structure and development within megalopolises, based on a thorough review of available definitions applied in international and national analyses. Second, it will propose and apply measurements for gauging patterns and changes of polycentric development. Third and finally, this paper will examine the impacts of levels/changes of polycentric development on economic growth and equality across Chinese megalopolises. Key Words Mega-cities; Regional Governance; Comparative Analysis; China
Implementing the National New-Type Urbanization Plan in China: Regional Variations and the Striving for Growth
Juan Chen, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Abstract China’s urbanization is unprecedented in human history and the National New-Type Urbanization Plan clearly represents a new era of development. Yet due to regional differences and variations in the responses of local governments, there are pressing concerns about the implementation of the plan. In this article, we focus on the National New Comprehensive Urbanization Pilot Program and investigate what kind of localities are more likely to be selected as the experimentation places (shidian). The analysis is based on county-level population data retrieved from the 2010 Chinese Population Census and the counties’ GDPs compiled from China Data Online, statistical yearbooks, and government reports. Regional variations can be observed in the implementation, and we speculate that the central government might have exercised certain preferences during the selection of the pilot regions. Still, the results clearly indicate that county-level economic
13 development is the driving force behind further urbanization for local governments. We are concerned that such a tendency may cause even greater disparities in the already uneven urbanization process in China.
Key Words China; Urbanization; Policy Pilot; Shidian; Regional Variations; Economic Growth
Study on the Spatial Distribution and Governance of China's International Cooperation Industrial Parks
Xueguang Ma, Ocean University of China Yu Lu, Ocean University of China Abstract As an important carrier of establishing industrial clusters and promoting urbanization, industrial zones are the important growth pole for the development of regional economy and the important guarantee for realizing the leap-forward development of society. International Cooperation Industrial Park (ICIP) is industrial zones jointly constructed by two or more parties through three levels of cooperation, including intergovernmental cooperation, inter-firm cooperation, or cooperation between government and enterprises. And it is based on the development of specific industry and technology and investment intentions and preferences. To comply with the development trend of the international industrial transfer and international cooperation, and in response to the "The Belt and Road" initiative, ICIP has become an important platform for China's opening-up. Simultaneously, the spatial governance of ICIP became one of the most important propositions of global regional development, which is also the international academic frontier of regional studies. China's ICIP is developing rapidly. Since the reform and opening up, ICIP in China has experienced three stages, that is, the development of the border economic cooperation zone stage, the development of new industrial cooperation park stage and the diversified development stage. Simultaneously, as of the end of 2016, Chinese enterprises built a total of 77 ICIPs in 36 countries, of which 56 are located in 20 countries along the "Belt and Road" line. And there are 103 Overseas International Cooperation Industrial Parks (O-ICIPs) of China included in the statistics of the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China in 2017. The development of ICIP has not only attracted high-end talent, advanced technology and management experience for China, but also provided a lot of financial support and jobs for the cooperation countries. However, there are some negative trends in the construction of ICIP, including low success rate, serious islanding pattern, unbalanced spatial distribution, etc. Therefore, In order to solve problems above mentioned in the construction of ICIP, the study 14 will use research method combination innovation to achieve the goal of providing theoretical guidance and optimizing the layout for the formulation of top-level design for national government. Key Words Spatial Distribution; Spatial Governance; International Cooperation; Industrial Parks
Policy Interventions, Uneven Development and Rescaling: a Case Study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region China 1962-2017
Yiqun Zhang, Nanjing University Abstract With the emergence of social problems such as the "Beijing Folding", China's regional uneven development has recently become a rising concern. As a typical case, it remains key question to understand the development process in Beijing and its surrounding areas. This paper aims to show the evolution of policy intervention and spatial development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, also known as Jing-Jin-Ji region, from a historical perspective, to reveal the internal dynamics and mechanism of regional uneven development in a highly centralized environment, and to explain the role of policy intervention in reterritorialization. Finally, the author discusses on the applicability of growth pole theory and proposes the policy-oriented strategy as a planning solution. Key Words Rescaling; Regional Governance; Uneven Development; Central-state Relations; Beijing-Tianjin- Hebei
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Topic4：Urban Housing
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Where Have All the Units Gone: A Panel Data Analysis of Cross-city Variance in Affordable Housing Construction in China during 2011-2015
Zhilin Liu, Tsinghua University Luyao Ma, Tsinghua University Edward G Goetz, Tsinghua University
Abstract Housing for the urban poor is a worldwide challenge for achieving social equity and inclusive urban development. The existing literature on affordable housing policy have primarily focused on documenting the evolution and politics of affordable housing policy design, or assessing the impacts of affordable housing programs on recipient families’ well-beings, neighborhood transformation, or the housing market. Relatively few studies have systematically investigated – from a policy implementation perspective – why some cities perform better than others in addressing the housing needs of low-income families. In China, the past decade has witnessed a revived government commitment to provide subsidized housing for low and middle-income urban households, in response to the deteriorating affordability of the booming urban housing markets. In the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, the central government set out an ambitious target of building 36 million units of various types of affordable housing during the period of 2011-2015. This national target was allocated to each province and further down to each prefectural municipality as a political mandate for local leaders. Yet despite the increased amount of fiscal transfer by the central government to support affordable housing construction, implementation at the local level remained contentious and sluggish in some localities. In this paper, we investigate how local (city) governments have complied with the top-down mandate of affordable housing construction in the Twelfth FYP. We compiled a city-level panel dataset of the annual number of units of affordable housing construction in each city during 2011- 2015 through comprehensive review of local government documents. We combined this database with city-level statistics of economic and social development, housing market status, and local public finance, as well as variables capturing local leaders’ political incentives, which are derived through content analysis of local leaders’ political resumes. Preliminary analysis using fixed-effect models reveals a spatial mismatch pattern that cities with more fiscal capacity and worse housing affordability do not necessarily construct more affordable housing. Preliminary analysis also finds a curvelinear relationship with per capita GDP, indicating that, while poorest cities tend to perform worse, wealthiest cities also tend to have less commitment in affordable housing construction. We believe that this empirical research contributes to the scholarly understanding of the 17 politics of affordable housing policy, as well as enlightens future policy making toward better implementation and performance of affordable housing policy in China. Key Words Affordable Housing; Policy Implementation; Central-local Relationship; China
Entering Homeownership: Differences across Cohorts and Regions in China
Can Cui, East China Normal University Abstract Within a very short span of three decades, China has transformed itself from a country dominated by public renters to one of the countries with the highest rate of homeownership (CHFS revealed that the homeownership rate in urban China reached 89% in 2014). Along the way ascending the housing ladder, some achieved homeownership earlier, some achieved later, while some others have not made it yet. In the life course, the transition into homeownership is a crucial step, not only determined by the resources and restrictions at the individual/household level, but also interwoven with the broader context. Adopting the life course approach, this paper examines the timing of entering homeownership, paying particular attention to the differences across cohorts and regions. As China has been undergoing radical transformations, distinct birth cohorts are situated in the varied housing market. Earlier cohorts were hardly in a position to make housing decisions, as housing was allocated by employers or the state based on a series of criteria such as hukou status, job rank, job seniority and political status. Therefore, the timing of entering homeownership was largely determined by institutional factors. During the transitional period of housing reforms, both market mechanisms and the institutional legacy played a vital role in affecting attaining homeownership. As for younger cohorts, who were born after 1980s, they were facing a fully marketized housing market, in which housing prices have been pushed up. Their timing of entering homeownership is to a large extent decided by financial resources. In addition to the radical reforms in the housing market, the society has also witnessed a considerable increase in labour mobility and fundamental changes in family structures, leading to a decrease in co-residence with parents, and consequently have an important impact on people’s residential behaviour. There are also remarkable variations across regions in terms of development level, the composition of the housing stock, demographic structure, etc. First of all, housing affordability dramatically differs across the urban hierarchy. The skyrocketing housing prices in the first-tier cities are likely to postpone younger generation’s entry into homeownership. The cities with a larger proportion of migrants would have lower rates of homeownership, and the average age of becoming a homeowner could be older. Besides, residential behaviour in rural areas is completely
18 different from that in urban areas. Therefore, the timing of obtaining homeownership could be varied across different regions. The CHFS with rich information enables us to explore the differences in the timing of entry into homeownership across cohorts and regions. Survival analysis will be used to reveal the timing of the transition into homeownership in the life course. We expect that successive cohorts to make the transition to homeownership at increasingly younger ages, and people in the lower level of cities become a homeowner at an earlier age. Discrete-time logistic models will be employed to investigate how the timing of entry into homeownership is affected by progression in various life course trajectories across different cohorts and regions. The household events are hypothesized to play a more important role in triggering the transition into homeownership for younger cohorts than older cohorts. Key Words Homeownership; Disparities; Cohorts; Regions
Local Spatial Variation of Rail Transit Impact on Housing Price: A Case Study in Wuhan
Jianyi Li, Arizona State University Hao Huang, Illinois Institute of Technology Abstract The impact of rail transit on property value has been largely studied. Transit impact not only differs among different study areas but also varies locally across the same study area of one research. In addition to rail transit accessibility, TOD (transit-oriented development) concept also advocates built-environment features such as mixed-use, density, and walkability which can serve as important mediating factors influencing the magnitude of transit impact. Studies which investigate the spatial variation of transit impact from the perspective of these factors are of high value to the policy-making on the integration between transit accessibility and transit-oriented environment. However, little research from this perspective has been done in China where rail transit is supposed to be more important. This study, through the use of GWR (geographically weighted regression) model, identifies that in the city of Wuhan, China, the magnitude of rail transit impact on housing price is positively related to transit-oriented environments especially mixed-use and density. This study is concluded with the policy implication that in order to enlarge the positive impact of rail transit in Wuhan, promoting more diversified land uses is the priority due to its largest overall benefits. Key Words Transit Price Premium; Rail Transit; Transit-oriented Development; Geographically Weighted Regression; Wuhan 19
Topic5：Urban Health
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Neighborhood Characteristics, Activity-travel Behavior and Individual Health in Beijing: A Perspective of Daily Activity Time Use and Mode Choice
Jing Ma, Beijing Normal University Jie Yang, Peking University Yanwei Chai, Peking University
Abstract With growing concerns over the development of health-promotive environment worldwide, research into the factors that shape people’s health behaviors and health outcomes has increased dramatically in the last decade. Urban form has been under scrutiny as a significant potential factor of individual health across multiple disciplines, including transport studies, urban planning, exercise science and public health. Studies from transportation and planning disciplines tend to demonstrate that neighborhood characteristics, such as availability of sidewalks, mixed land use, public transport access and proximity to parks, are associated with increased walking frequency and physical activity participation, while public health researchers argue that such behavior plays an important role in health outcomes, including obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. However, the direct effects of urban form on individual health have been so far less investigated and inconclusive. In particular, an overall understanding of the complex relationships between neighborhood-scale urban form, daily activity-travel behavior and individual health in developing countries, like China, has been limited to date. Key Words Urban Form; Activity Time Allocation; Travel Mode; Health; Beijing
People Walk More in Greener Neighborhoods
Yi Lu, City University of Hong Kong
Abstract It is projected that nearly 70% of the global population will be living in urban areas by 2050. This rapid urbanization has made and will continue to make daily exposure to nature rarer. The lack of greenspaces in residential neighborhoods has been shown to have negative effects on residents’ health and well-being [1-3]. Many experimental studies have established that physical and visual exposure to greenspaces generate significant psychological and physiological benefits, such a reduction in long-term stress [4], increased recovery speed after surgery [5], improved mood [6], healthier weight outcomes [7], lower risk of chronic diseases [8], and enhanced health-related
21 quality of life [9]. In addition to its direct health benefits, exposure to greenspaces may indirectly promote health via three additional mediating pathways: 1) by providing settings that promote any form of physical activity, including walking, cycling, and green exercise; 2) by fostering social contact and a sense of community; and 3) by improving air quality [3, 10]. Many studies have focused on the physical activity pathway because physical activity in the presence of nature provides the synergistic beneficial effects of physical activity, with its corresponding calorific expenditures, and salutogenic exposure to a natural environment [11, 12]. It is worth noting that most empirical greenspace–physical activity studies have focused on parks and open greenspaces. More precisely, however, urban greenspaces comprise landscaped streets, parks, open green fields, or any urban public areas with substantial green elements [13]. Accumulating evidence shows that urban greenspaces have great health benefits, but establishing a causal relationship between the two is difficult. It is often hypothesized that walking and physical activity are mediators in the relationship between urban greenspaces and health outcomes. Understanding the manner in which urban greenspaces influence walking and physical activity may illuminate the hypothesized causal mechanism. Furthermore, most urban greenspace–physical activity studies have focused on parks rather than on landscaped streets, even though the latter are the most popular places for physical activity and are more strongly associated with health than parks. The lack of research attention for landscaped streets is largely due to the fact that street greenery is difficult to objectively measure, especially at eye level. Key Words Street Greenery; Walking; Urban Design; Physical Activity; Walkability
Exploring the Link between Population Density Sedentary Lifestyle and the Odds of Overweight among Middle-aged and Elderly Chinese
Ruoyu Wang, Sun Yat-sen University Desheng Xue, Sun Yat-sen University Ye Liu, Sun Yat-sen University
Abstract The increasing prevalence of obesity across all age groups has become a major health concern in China. Previous studies have found a strong link between urban sprawl, sedentary lifestyle, and the likelihood of overweight among adults and adolescents in Western countries. However, little research has been done to disentangle this relationship in rapidly urbanizing and densely populated countries such as China. Middle-aged and elderly people tend to have a higher risk of 22 diabetes, high blood pressures and other obesity-related chronic diseases than other age groups. Therefore, it is urgently needed to investigate this subject amongst middle-aged and elderly Chinese. The present study aims to assess the association between population density and the odds of overweight among the middle-aged and elderly in China and examine the mediating effect of their sedentary lifestyle. A nationally representative data from the 2011 wave of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHRLS) were used for the analysis. A total of 5285 individuals were sampled from 405 neighborhoods nested within 150 cities. Body mass index was calculated based on self- reported body weight and height. Overweight was defined as BMI≥24. Multilevel regressions along with mediation analysis were applied to explore the association between population density, sedentary lifestyle and the odds of overweight. Key Words Population Density; Sedentary Lifestyles; Overweight; Neighborhood; China
Exploring Neighborhood Environmental Effect on Mental Health: A Case Study in Guangzhou, China
Yingzhi Qiu, Sun Yat-sen University Hongsheng Chen, Southeast University Zhigang Li, Wuhan University Ruoyu Wang, Sun Yat-sen University Ye Liu, Sun Yat-sen University
Abstract With China entering the "urban era", the environmental and social problems brought about by rapid urbanization have posed a serious threat to urban residents' physical and mental health outcomes. Urban health problems have become an important concern both in academic circles and in the public sphere. "Healthy China" has therefore risen to the national priority development strategy. As an indispensable dimension of health, mental health is an important prerequisite for achieving "good life". In western urban study area, the last decade has seen an acceleration in research examining the close relationship between urban environment and mental health outcomes. A growing body of literature have reported significant impact of neighborhood characteristics on residents' mental health, such as housing condition, green space, neighborhood social support, etc. In China, however, mechanism of mental health associated with neighborhood environment remains poorly understood. This paper systematically explores the direct impact of 23 neighborhood environment on mental health, which helps to promote "Healthy City" strategy and new urbanization strategy. Based on the data collected from a questionnaire survey involving 23 neighborhoods and 1150 respondents in Guangzhou, this research employs General Health Questionnaire(GHQ-12) and multilevel linear models to examine residents' mental health and its determinants in host cities. It particularly focuses on the extent to which and the ways in which neighborhood built and social environment influence their mental health. The results indicate that mental health status of residents living in different neighborhoods are significantly different. However, this differentiation cannot be distinguished in the district level of the city, and is mainly influenced by neighborhood environment. Multilevel model shows residents' mental health is influenced by both individual and neighborhood factors. Regarding individual variables, low educational level is negatively related to mental health. Residents with housing property rights have better mental health outcomes than those without housing property rights. In addition, better physical health contributes to better mental health status. After controlling individual variables, the impact of neighborhood environment is still significant. As for variables related to built environment, residents living in neighborhood with abundant facilities and parks around have better mental health outcomes. According to neighborhood social environment, high neighborhood interaction and adequate community groups lead to better mental health status, but community dispute can negatively affected mental health of residents. No evidence suggests significant association between social economic status of neighborhood and residential’s mental health. This study confirms that neighborhood characteristics have significant influence on mental health in Guangzhou, China, which provides valuable implications for policies and practices seeking to promote residents’ mental health. First, facilities and parks should be taken into consideration in neighborhood design and city planning. Another useful approach to increase mental health is for community committees and residents to make joint efforts to build a cohesive and supportive neighborhood, including enriching community groups, strengthening neighborhood interaction.
Key Words Neighborhood Environment; Mental Health; Multilevel Linear Model; Guangzhou
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Influence of neighborhood environmental perception on self-rated health of residents in big cities of China: A case study of Wuhan
Shuyi Zhang, Wuhan University Sainan lin, Wuhan University Zhigang Li, Wuhan University Yan Guo, Wuhan University
Abstract In the context of the "Healthy China" strategy of a new era, the neighborhood environment has become increasingly important in residents’ health. With the changing of the urban spatial structure and the reconstruction of the neighborhood environment, residents’ health space is emerging to be more complicated and need to be further studied. Based on an in-depth investigation in Nanhu Street of Wuhan, the study examined the interaction mechanism between neighborhood environmental perception and residents' self-rated health by a quantitative analysis method. Generally, neighborhood research in China were carried out at the "community" scale in the administrative sense. This study focused on a smaller scale—residence community(xiaoqu), analyzing the influence mechanism of differentiated neighborhood environmental perceptions effecting on self-rated health by distinguishing neighborhoods into two types - the commercial housing neighborhood and the affordable housing neighborhood. The results show that: ①The neighborhood environmental perception had significant and independent impact on the self-rated health; ②Perception of social neighborhood environment had greater influence on the self-rated health than the perception of physical neighborhood environment. ③Perception of sports and leisure facilities, sense of belonging and safety were significantly related to residents' health. ④ There were differences in the two different neighborhood types. The self-rated health of residents in commercial housing neighborhoods was mainly affected by the neighborhood environmental perception, while the self-rated health of residents in affordable housing neighborhoods was mainly affected by personal factors. Therefore, it was suggested that governments should adopt differentiated and targeted strategies related to community health promotion and community governance optimization in different types of neighborhoods to comprehensively promote the health of residents.
Key Words Neighborhood Environmental Perception; Self-rated Health; Multiple Regression Analysis; Health Inequality; Wuhan
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Topic6：Rural Development and Renaissance
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Implication of Rural Urbanization with Place-Based Entitlement for Social Inequality in China
Yan Guo, Wuhan University Jieming Zhu, Tongji University
Abstract Social inequality and spatial segregation are long-standing phenomena in the world’s cities and have drawn constant academic attention (Hamnett, 2001). In the contemporary Western cities, new processes relating to the new international division of labour are deemed as underlying causes (Friedmann and Wolff, 1982). Economic transformation from manufacturing to services has “brought about the changes in organization of work which are reflected in the social polarization in the income and occupational distribution of workers” (Sassen, 1991, p.9). However, as White (1998) highlighted, processes of social, economic and political restructuring may all be part of general forces operating throughout the world, but their actual details are locally specific. China’s transition from a socialist planned system to the market-driven economy suggests dramatic socio- spatial restructuring during its rapid urbanization. In China, the whole country is categorized into urban society and rural one by the unique urban and rural household registration systems (hukou) (Chan, 2009). With the gradual relaxation of constraints over free migration, China has witnessed an unprecedentedly great scale of rural-to- urban migration and inter-regional population movement which is mainly from the central and west regions to the east coastal cities. The influx of migrants has contributed greatly to the social- spatial restructuring of these dynamically urbanizing regions. A great deal of literatures have explored the social-spatial differentiation between migrants and urban residents in urban society (Li and Wu, 2008; Li et al., 2010). On the one hand, market-oriented reforms have altered the equality bases constructed under Chinese socialism, leading to urban social stratification along with the changing socio-economic statuses of people (Tang and Parish, 2000; Li and Wu, 2006). On the other hand, urban-rural inequality remains more or less intact as a legacy of the hukou system which conveys different sets of entitlements, and the urban entitlements are usually much superior to rural ones (Solinger, 1999). Without local urban hukou, migrant workers often live in the bottom of urban society, experiencing great discrimination and social injustice (Meng and Zhang, 2001; Wu, 2004). Besides the urbanization led by the urban state, rural urbanization which means rural non- agricultural development dominated by the village collectives has also been energetic in the dynamically urbanizing regions (Po, 2008). These villages are rural social organizations with an economy increasingly urbanized as manufacturing in villages has created jobs not only for the local villagers, but also for migrant workers. With the concentration of more and more migrants to these
27 urbanizing villages, the social-spatial differentiation among social groups in the rural setting become an important but rarely-studied research field, as both the local villagers and most migrant workers hold rural hukou and thus the underlying mechanisms may be different from those in the cities. A few of studies focusing on ‘urban villages (chengzhongcun)’ that are a special case of villages going through non-agricultural development under the strong impact of government’s land expropriation point out housing differentiations between migrants and indigenous villagers (He et al, 2010). However, the general mechanism and specific processes underlying the possible social- spatial differentiation in the rural setting are far from clear. As a result, this paper attempts to make a contribution by exploring two intriguing research questions: will there be similar social-spatial differentiation between local villagers and migrants, and among local villages in different development stages in the urbanizing villages in contrast to urban society? Whether does the hukou per se or the place-based entitlement lead to the social- spatial differentiation? The research adopts a case study approach, and selects Nanhai in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) as a case in illustration. In-depth non-structural interview has been conducted in typical villages and questionnaire survey has been done to local villagers and migrant workers. This paper reveals unexpectedly serious social inequality and segregation between the local villagers and migrant workers in the villages that are effectively urbanizing. Traditional rural egalitarianism serves village community members exclusively ibecause of the institution of villages as autonomous and exclusive social and economic organizations. It is the land rent driven by urbanization as village entitlements that institutionalize the inequality between the two peoples, and inequality has been deteriorating along with the progressive urbanization as villages rely on land rent and land rent increases much more than wages do. In conclusion, we suggest that place-specific exclusive provision and entitlement should be reconsidered in the context of urbanization and migration, and land rent should be taxed and used for the provision of social and public goods in the land-scarce regions, so as to make urbanization inclusive. Key Words
Social Inequality; Rural Urbanization; Autonumous and Exclusive Villages; Inclusive Urbanization; Rural (urbanizing)-Rural (agricultural) Divide
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Urban China in the Countryside? Architectural Experimentation, Rural Renaissance and Planetary Urbanization
Junxi Qian, The University of Hong Kong Yanheng Lu, The University of Hong Kong Abstract The thesis of planetary urbanization holds that the urban is not a delimited spatial entity, but a diffuse logic that can be observed anywhere. This presentation applies the planetary urbanization optic to examine recent grassroots interventions into rural sustainability in China. During the past five years or so, China has witnessed the emergence and popularization of rural renaissance and reconstruction initiatives. In particular, when the ceaseless circuits of capital, technology, information, knowledge, and cultural ideas between the urban and the rural make urbanization and rural development interdependent processes, addressing rural problems is necessarily an urban question as well. Above all, initiatives of rural renaissance mobilize exogenous capital (including economic, social and cultural capitals) to advance various activities. Key actors involved in these rural-oriented initiatives, however, are predominantly urban, including intellectuals, social workers and volunteers, avant-garde artists and architects, middle-class urbanites seeking alternative lifestyles, speculators for economic interests, etc. In this sense, this presentation argues that rurality is enmeshed in broader spatial-temporal assemblages of power relations, political economies, and cultural aspirations, involving the constant cross-referencing between rural realities and urban-based material conditions, cultural ideas, and lifestyles. This presentation focuses on one particular type of rural reconnaissance initiatives, namely, vernacular architectural experimentations in rural areas, which are geared towards reviving vernacular architectural languages and simultaneously inserting the rural built environment into global circuits of modernity. It argues that architectural materialities provide a useful lens to understand the blurring boundaries between the political economies and cultural identities of the urban and the rural. Key Words Planetary Urbanization; Urban-Rural Relations; Rural Renaissance
Education-Led Urbanization: When Metropolis-Centric Colleges Go to the Counties in China
Mingrui Shen, Nanjing University Abstract Unlike the Anglo-American counterparts aggregate in university towns, even rural settings, the distribution of China’s higher education institutes normally concentrate in big cities. However,
29 those college-intensive metropolises, such as Nanjing, Hangzhou, Wuhan, recently witness the outmigration of colleges and their reintegration within nearby county-level administrations. We coin this interesting phenomenon as ‘education-led urbanization’. In this paper, we will use the interaction of Zhongbei College and Danyang government in Jiangsu as a case study. The paper try to answer three questions: What are the incentives for the colleges to relocate in the counties? Why county administrations promise so many patronages for the colleges? Using education as a pro-growth instrument at the county level, is there any theoretical contribution for the understanding of China’s unprecedented urbanization? Key Words High Education; Pro-growth Strategy; Counties; Urbanization; China
Will Migrant Urban Income Suppress or Promote Rural Production: Modeling the Effects of Migrant Urban Income in Rural China
Zehan Pan, Fudan University Wei Xu, University of Lethbridge Guixin Wang, Fudan University
Abstract There are ongoing debates about whether migrant urban income suppresses or promotes rural production in China. This paper is drawn on a new concept, ‘remittance capitalization potential’, which acts as an important determinant of whether migrant urban income suppresses or promotes rural production and is itself affected by some exogenous factors. Migrant urban income exerts income substitution effect on rural production when the level of remittance capitalization potential is low enough, while it exerts investment stimulation effect when the level is sufficiently high. Furthermore, the exogenous factors of remittance capitalization potential, such as age of household heads and landform conditions, ultimately shape the effect of migrant urban income on rural production. On the basis of a rural household survey in China, the empirical models verify that as the household heads are getting older or the landform conditions become unfavourable, the investment stimulation effect may switch to the income substitution effect. Key Words Migrant Urban Income; Remittance Capitalization Potential; Household Production; Income Substitution; Investment Stimulation
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Topic7：Urban Socio-spatial Structure
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The Spatial Centrality of Residents’ behavior and the Spatial Structure of Nanjing’s Consuming Space
Qixin He, Nanjing University Min Zhang, Nanjing University
Abstract In the current study, the quantitative study of the relationship between individual behavior and urban spatial structure is slightly lacking. This paper constructs a framework that uses the spatial structure of individual behavior to measure the urban structure, and conducts empirical research on urban spatial structure under the construction of various consumer behaviors in Nanjing. The results show that the space-centricity of apparel consumption behavior is much higher than that of food and dining consumption. At the same time, this article also reveals the correlation between personal attributes and spatial structure.
Spatial Improvement in the Milieu of Hukou Reform? Residential Segregation in China’s Megacities
Yue Gong, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Lingyi Xuan, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shan Sun, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
Abstract In China’s unprecedented urbanization, the number of migrants has continuously increased in the city, especially in the four mega-cities of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. Urbanization of migrants in these mega-cities raises two challenges: segregation between locals and migrants, and integration of migrants into the city. This study focuses on the conditions and transformation of the segregation in the four megacities from 2000 to 2010. We calculate location entropy (LE), the index of dissimilarity (ID), and the diversity index (DV) by using the 5th and 6th census data. Our major findings include that the segregation had increased in the four megacities except for Guangzhou; in particular, rural migrants as the urban underclass had been continuously pushed away from urban centers and segregated from locals. In addition, the diversity of different social groups in the megacities had become similar while social groups in Beijing and Shenzhen, in contrast to Shanghai and Shenzhen, had become more diverse. Key Words Residential Segregation; Migrants; Megacities; Hukou
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Advance on the Research of Studentification and De-studentification in the West and its Enlightenment
Fei Shi, Suqian College Zhijie Jiang, Zhejiang Academy of Tourism Science
Abstract As the increasingly global trend of studentification and de-studentification, it is imperative for Chinese researchers and urban policer makers to be aware of studies related to this trend in the West. Accordingly, this paper introduces the evolution and influence of “studentification” and “de- studentification” and their corresponding urban policy in the West based on the interpretation on the definition of their respective definition. This article also covers the challenges redefining studentification in current studies of global studentification. Finally, after discussing brief theories and methods employed in the research, the authors make some recommendations relating to research topics in the realm of research and urban policy-making inChina. Specifically, the first recommendation is to construct the Chinese characteristic system of theory and methodology for better understanding of the unique Chinese studentification in the West. The second recommendation is to actively set up, implement and reform the relevant policies in Chinese cities and communities. Key Words Studentification; De-studentification Advance; Urban Policy
The Emotional Mechanism and Influence of Consuming Spaces in Nanjing
Zihan Deng, Nanjing University Min Zhang, Nanjing University
Abstract This study explores the factors that influence the generation of emotions in the consumer space and the effects of emotions on life. Structural equation modeling is used for quantitative analysis in the study. Particularly, the study puts forward four predictive factors of the consumer and consuming spaces as infl uencing emotion: socioeconomic status; personal values; physical environment in space; social communication in space. This research shows that personal values, physical environment in space, and social communication in space have a significant positive impact on positive emotions. Individual socioeconomic status and personal values have a
33 significant negative impact on negative emotions. Positive and negative emotions have significantly impact on life satisfaction. The study’s theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed in detail along with its limitations. Key Words Socioeconomic Status; Personal Values; Physical Environment in Space; Social Communication in Space; Positive Emotion; Negative Emotion; Life Satisfaction
Spatial Inequality and Spatial Conflict in ‘Spatial Fix’ of Road: A Case Study of Guangzhou Bridge Expansion
Huasong Yao, Guangzhou University Zhigang Li, Wuhan University Gengzhi Huang, Guangzhou Institute of Geography Kunlun Chen, Hubei University
Abstract From the viewpoint of the new Marxist geography, the construction of urban roads was a process of capital accumulation and space fixation. The original intention of road expansion was to improve public interest, but it had a profound impact on the local social and cultural system and daily life practice of the residents. From the perspective of spatial inequality and urban rights, this paper focused on the process of expansion of a bridge in a rapidly urbanized metropolis of Guangzhou, and explored how this space project, which attemptted to improve public interest, led to spatial inequality, spatial deprivation and spatial conflict, and finally resulted in social struggle. It was found that the expansion of the bridge was not only reproduction of physical space, but also reproduction of social and cultural space. The government-led "spatial fix" led to "disappearance of places" which highly related with daily lif of the residents. In future, "spatial fix" and "community governance" needed to pay close attention to issues like construction of community public events and formation of community identity. Key Words Spatial Fix; Spatial Inequality; The Right to the City; Guangzhou Bridge
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Quantitative Analysis of Spatial Structure Evolution in Traditional Settlements - Case Study in Tulou Settlements Form of Fujian Province China
Libin Zhou, Fujian University of Technology Hsiao-Tung Chang, Chinese Culture University Abstract Fujia nearth buildings(Tulou) are the gem of the Chinese nation with flexible and abund an tsettlement forms, such as fallout pattern、tufted growth pattern、ribbon growth pattern、 extended like ink pattern、centripetal growth pattern and so on. Based on quantitative analysis including Spacesyntax and Social Network Analysis, combined with the basic theory of urban form, this paper takes Tulou traditional settlements in Fujian Province to display spatial structure evolution. It attempts to construct a morphological latitude of quantitative analysis on spce syntax- convex map, axial map and make visibility graph of spatial syntax. It also attempts to construct an assessment system of social network for structure hierarchy, cohesion and accessibility. Spacesyntax is to identify Space Hierarchy of settlement morphology, the Street forms and the courtyard patterns and so on ,with the Indexes of depth, integration and intelligence. It calculates and compares the Indexes of depth, integration and intelligence of communications net work organizational level, the recognizability of active levels, the characteristics of visibility level effects and the fundamental spatial application levels. Social network is to analyze the settlement network relationship, and calculates and compares three indicators including density of the networks, graph hierarchy and Connectivity of the networks. To identify space hierarchy of settlement morphology, the Street networks and the Courtyard patterns and so on. In the end, it concluded spatial structure evolution in Tulou traditional settlements to protect the traditional settlements with a feasibility strategy. Key Words Tulou Settlements; Space Syntax; Social Network Analysis; Urban Form; Space Structure Evolution
Residential Segregation in Comparative Perspective: A study of Guangzhou and Wuhan
Feicui Gou, Wuhan University Zhigang Li, Wuhan University
Abstract Measurement and analysis of residential satisfaction have a long history in social science research. Residential segregation has been studied extensively in numerous cities and have contributed
35 significantly to the understanding of urban spatial and social structures. As compared to European and American countries，Chinese cities used to be less segregated and more spatially homogenous, while the recent waves of internal migration, primarily rural to urban , has substantially increased the heterogeneity of urban social space. The tremendous political, economic and social transition in China has brought about a prominent socio-spatial differentiation and segregation in cities between city locals and migrants. Recent literature focuses on the residential patterns among Chinese migrants in cities or whether migrants are segregated residentially from the city locals. However, few studies have undertaken rigorous comparative analyses of the level of residential segregation for specific populations across two or more cites. The degree and impact of residential segregation depends on the city context and there are vast differences in the patterns of residential segregation in different cities. The dominant theory of residential segregation is primarily aimed at North America and Western Europe. Several of these theories were basically constructed based on the characteristics of the big cities in the United States but which may not necessarily be applicable to other parts of the world. The comparative urbanism theory advocates the comparison of two or more urban units to analyze the similarities and differences between urban economic, political and social cultural phenomena，constructs the theory and framework of explanation, it is beneficial to explore the development history and characteristics of different cities and regions, and offers the possibility of thinking about the difference of residential segregation in different cities. This study examines the residential segregation of migrants in Chinese cities with case of Guangzhou and Wuhan, using the available census data of 2000 and 2010. The aim of the study is to explore the pattern as well as mechanism of migrant residential segregation in different city context. This study first examines the extent and spatial pattern of the residential segregation of migrants in 2000 and 2010 from a global perspective. Moreover, using regression models, further examine the factors that contribute to the segregation of migrants. This study uses the index of dissimilarity (ID) to measure residential patterns，take jiedao as the accounting units. The analysis begins with a descriptive analysis of the overall change of residential segregation in Guangzhou and Wuhan in 2000 and 2010.Calculate the ID index of the entire city, the central city and the suburbs respectively, to characterize the degree of segregation of migrants. Then, in order to examine the spatial unevenness of the segregation, the indicators for each jiedao were calculated and the spatial aggregation status was identified by means of spatial autocorrelation to reveal the spatial segregation pattern of migrants. Moreover, OLS regression analysis is adopted to analyze and explain the factors affecting the segregation of the migrants. The ID index of jiedao was taken as the dependent variable, and the independent variables were housing factors, employment factors and educational factors. Regression models are conducted for the whole city of Guangzhou and Wuhan, for the central and the suburban places, and for 2000 and 2010 respectively. This research attempts to fill the gap in the literature on the comparison of residential
36 segregation characteristics among different city context in China, and the findings have implications for policymaking. This research could also provide useful information for other developing countries facing residential segregation of migrants or immigrants. Key Words Residential Segregation; Rural Migrants; China
Strategy Study of Urban Linear and Vertical Public Space
Yijia Guo, Tsinghua University Yan Huang, Tsinghua University
Abstract Drawing upon a case study of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in China, this paper critically examines claims that the rise of the mega-urban region threatens to usurp the geopolitical authority of the national state. As a matter of fact, it is the national state, notably, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), who promoted city-regionalism as a possible political solution to various national development problems. In the 1980s, city-regionalism was a means by which the CCP could consolidate its political control of national territory notwithstanding the increasing internationalization of the economy. In the early 2000s, the Chinese state actively promoted international competition through global city-region formations including the YRD region. However, such efforts exacerbated discrepancies between east and west regions, between urban and rural areas and also between giant municipalities and ordinary cities in the Chinese state, which the CCP has in the meantime sought to manage through stronger city-regional collaboration. The paper argues that, instead of diminishing the geopolitical influence of the nation state, city-regionalism enables the developmental state to address various political and administrative tensions arising from both within and beyond its national borders. Key Words Linear and Vertical Public Space System; Landscape Architecture; Urban Expressway and Ring Road
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Topic8：Community, Social Media and Civil Society
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Will You Be More Satisfied with Your Life after Moving to a New Place: A Study of Beijing, China
Fenglong Wang, East China Normal University Abstract Home relocation or residential relocation refers to the change of place for residence. It is usually of short distance and within the same city (; Cadwallader, 1992; Alkay, 2011). As a process of adjusting residential conditions according to one’s dynamic needs at different stages of life course, home relocation is quite common in human society. According to the American Housing Survey (AHS), around 15-17% of the population in the US moves every year (Kim, 2014). This rate is relatively lower in the Europe. For example, the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) shows that around 8% of the households in Great Britain relocate their dwellings each year (Coulter and van Ham, 2013); similarly, the longitudinal Satellite Spatial and Social Mobility of the Social Statistical Database (SSD) 1999-2005 of Statistics Netherlands indicates that about 6.2% of the Dutch residents moved to a different address every year (de Groot et al., 2011). Home relocation has far-reaching impacts on both urban development and individual living conditions. First, intra-urban home relocation may lead to changes in both structure of urban space (e.g. Li and Siu, 2001; Kamaci, 2012) and housing market in a city (e.g. Crawford et al., 2013). Therefore, home relocation is central to understanding the restructuring (e.g. suburbanization) and social stratification (e.g. gentrification) of urban spaces (Li and Wu, 2004). Second, residential relocation is also a major life event for individuals (Frijters et al., 2011). On the one hand, since households usually take relocation as a chance to adjust housing consumption according to their needs, home relocation is usually associated with significant improvement in housing conditions and neighborhood quality. On the other hand, because housing is often the single most important item of consumption (Vera-Toscano and Ateca-Amestoy, 2008), in which households spend approximately 25% of their income (Clark and Dieleman, 1996), those moving to a newly purchased housing may have to bear heavy financial burdens and thus experience great changes in quality of life. Due to its importance for both urban development and individual life, home relocation has been extensively studied in the disciplines of geography, demography, economy and psychology (Dieleman, 2001). The existing literature has primarily focused on the determinants, motivations and decision process of residential relocation (Quigley and Weinberg, 1977). The major research question of these studies is “why families move” (Rossi, 1955). The environmental factors, personal characteristics (esp. life-course events) and residential satisfaction are usually considered as the major predictors of home relocation. In comparison, only a limited number of studies have examined the outcomes of home relocation (Nowok et al., 2013). These studies mainly focus on the outcomes of urban redevelopment and change in objective environment such as housing space
39 and neighborhood quality. Probably due to the unavailability of data, much less scholarly attention has been paid to the impacts of home relocation on the movers in terms of their residential satisfaction and quality of life (Melzer, 2011). However, the existing studies suggest that the movers’ perceptions and experiences of the outcomes of home relocation tend to be mixed. On the one hand, the movers do not necessarily improve their living conditions after move. According to the assumption of rational choice in studies of residential relocation, people would not move until they believe that the benefits of relocation overweigh the costs (e.g. Lee, 1966). As a corollary, the movers are expected to improve their living conditions and experience higher level of satisfaction after home relocation. However, due to the limitations of information and availability of financial resources, the movers may fail to improve their living conditions (Lu, 2002). On the other hand, the movers’ perceptions can be quite different from the change in objective environment. For example, as revealed by some psychologists, people can adapt to a new environment or a life event in a short time (e.g. Lucas, 2007). As a result, the movers’ perceptions of life qualities may not change after move despite of great change in objective living conditions. To complicate matters even further, home relocation may also be associated with negative impacts on some movers. Because different individuals may have varying aspirations and needs, they may view a given change in living conditions differently. For example, some movers may lose their social ties (e.g. Knies, 2013) and endure heavy stress (e.g. Magdol, 2002). These effects are particularly significant for the female movers, who are more likely to be the tied spouses in home relocation (Shihadeh, 1991; Bonney and Love, 1991) and thus may settle in a place which does not suit their needs. Therefore, there are no easy answers to whether the impact of home relocation is positive or negative. Considering that people’s subjective feelings such as happiness or life satisfaction are generally considered as the ultimate goal in life (Frey and Stutzer, 2002), it is important and necessary to deepens our understanding of how home relocation influences the movers (e.g. Sloan, 2013). This paper represents a preliminary attempt to examine how residential relocation influences the movers’ life satisfaction. A theoretical framework is proposed based on existing literature on outcomes of residential moves and the determinants of life satisfaction (Fig. 1). A structural equation model is built and tested based on a two-wave survey conducted in Beijing, China. The modeling results suggest that residential relocation generally improves the movers’ life satisfaction (Table 1, 2). the increase in life satisfaction can be largely explained by the change in specific aspects of residential environment (esp. neighborhood environment) and travel conditions. The motivations to move and personal and household socioeconomics seem to have marginal impacts on life satisfaction change except for household income.
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Can Elderly Care Go Sharing
Jie Chen, Wuyi University Abstract The aging population in China imposes great pressure on elderly care as well as in many parts of the world. When looking for a solution to this problem, the boom of sharing economy inspires business model innovation in the elderly care sector. Based on the literature on sharing economy, transactional cost and industrial theories and cases studies, this paper explores the “sharing model” and its implication to elderly home care sector in China. The analysis starts from a macro environmental scanning of China, and then zooms into the sharing model. The potential of the model will firstly be examined against three paint points of the elderly care industry. Based on the institutional theories, further analysis of the model focuses around its embedded institutional context, the actors and their interplay. Conceptual change is introduced to promote coordination, co-production and the model innovation. The findings and significance of the study are summed up in the conclusion section. Key Words Elderly Care; Institutional Complementarily; Sharing Economy
The Changing Nature of Feminist Movement in Urban China
Jiacheng Ren, State University of New York at Albany Abstract From the “proletarian women’s liberation movement” (wuchan jieji funv jiefang yundong) in the early days of PRC to the proliferation of feminist activism carried out by autonomous women’s organizations after the 90s, then to today’s nascent #MeTooChina movement, Chinese feminist movements are always based in urban areas with members from educated background and middle class. Besides the abovementioned regional and demographic similarities, can we observe any other continuity in contemporary Chinese feminist movements? Are there any transitions, or even conflicts and dissociations in the development of Chinese feminist movements? In addition, following the social-economic reforms and opening-up in the 1980s, how do feminist movements in China adapt to the changing political environment and state sanctions? These are the core questions that this research attempts to answer. There is a qualitative shift in the nature of feminist movement in China. In general, the feminist movement shifted from a Party-led socialist women’s movement that stresses collectivism to a liberal feminist movement that embraces individualism emerged in the Western context. While the old top-down women’s movement is always initiated by the Party’s political agenda and linked with class issues and socialist construction, the new feminist movement organizes its activities on the
41 grassroots activists’ own initiatives to address broader gender issues in society. The patterns of Chines feminist movements have also changed. A more complicated and challenging relationship between the movements and the state has been undertaken. The state declared gender equality as a “fundamental state policy” in 1995 and selectively accepted the establishment of new non- Party organizations. Yet repressions including crackdowns upon some grassroots feminist movements still sporadically occurred. Under this circumstance, many feminist organizations have employed a strategy of partial appeasement of the regime, often adopting the official discourse and trying to maintain corporatist links with the state apparatus. Recently, the new feminist movements, in an effort to avoid crackdowns, has deviated from the conventional forms and adopted a loose network of activists and intellectuals based on the Internet. The significance and necessity of this research are threefold. Firstly, the feminist movement in China is mainly urban and middle-class based. By looking at the interaction between feminist activism and the state, we are able to answer the question of whether the middle class in China are fully co-opted by the state, which further shapes our view of future political development in China. Secondly, this research not only traces back to the women’s movements in the funding days of PRC but also incorporates the newly emerged movements, hence providing a comprehensive and up-to-date picture of the developments of Chinese feminist movements. Finally, this research projects the dynamics between the civil society manifested by feminist movements and the Chinese state. It unfolds the mechanism in which feminist movements adapted to different social and political environment in China and explains the intriguing and uneasy co-existence of the reviving and expanding societal sphere and the predominant regime. Key Words Civil Society; Feminist Movement; Adaptive Governance; State-society Relations
Urban Amenity and Employment Distribution in Shanghai: Evidence from Social Media and Open Data
Han Li, University of Utah Yehua Dennis Wei, University of Utah Yangyi Wu, University of Utah
Abstract Scholars disagree about the role of urban amenities in employment distribution. The orthodox location theory suggests that urban amenities affect firm size by influencing production cost structure. Alternatively, the human capital theory emphasizes the importance of amenities in attracting talent and employment agglomeration. However, both theories have not been thoroughly examined through comprehensive and comparative studies. Rapidly globalizing 42 developing countries such as China offer valuable testing grounds for theories developed in the West, facilitated by the availability of big data. In this research, relying on social media technology and newly available open data, we develop a new measurement of service amenities based on the popularity of facilities from Dianping.com, and relate it to firm sizes and subdistrict-level labor markets in Shanghai. We find that the applicability of both theories is influenced by scale, types of amenities, and sectors. Public service amenities, such as the location of development zones and interurban transportation infrastructures, significantly influence the size of manufacturing employment at the firm-level, confirming the orthodox location theory. Private service amenities, such as entertainment, shopping, healthcare facilities, and restaurants, largely determine the employment agglomeration of producer services at subdistrict-level, supporting the human capital theory. Keywords Urban Amenity; Employment Distribution; Location Theory; Human Capital;Social Media; Open Data
An Exploration of Cross-generational Childhood Outdoor Play Experiences in Chinese Communities, Taking Wuhan as An Example
Yuanyuan Shi, University of Sheffield
Abstract Accelerating urbanization has brought dynamic interactions and changes for Chinese citizens in recent years. Children as the most vulnerable group in society, they are affected by the rapid changes in urbanization without any choice. The value of outdoor play has been emphasized in many research fields with its physical, psychological and social benefits for children's development. However, current children's outdoor play experiences had a dramatic reduction on children's playing time, frequency, and experiencing natural environments, as their parents and grandparents would have done in their childhood due to the rapid urbanization in China. This research investigates the cross-generational childhood play experiences in Wuhan, China. As the biggest city in central China, Wuhan has abundant resources for children to experience and play in outdoor environment. Using multiple disciplinary research methods, this research has conducted fieldwork in different housing areas in Wuhan to understand how cross-generational childhood play experiences have been influenced by the transition of physical attributes, social structure and policy changes during the 50 years. The fieldwork seeks to understand cross- generational childhood play experiences in different types of housing communities which have been influenced by rapid urbanisation, stimulated and influenced by policy, physical and social
43 changes. A range of qualitative research methods have been used to gather the data. Initial findings cross three generations reveal changes in place, time and companions for play while children’s understanding of play have also changed. This research is innovative and it makes an important contribution to an area for which there is currently limited research evidence available. It contributes to a body of knowledge that examines changing access to play spaces across generations. More specifically, this research offers new insights into the issue of children's outdoor play which is becoming increasingly important due to rapid urbanization, both in China and within a broader global context. Suggestions from this research would be applied to improve children's play initiatives in outdoor spaces and given for Chinese policies and principles in future settlements to build children friendly communities. Key Words Urbanization; Childhood Play, Cross-generation, Outdoor Play, Chinese Housing, Urban Children
Factors Affecting Sense of Community :A Study from Community Governance Perspective
Da Liu, Wuhan University Zhigang Li, Wuhan University Yan Guo, Wuhan University Abstract Sense of community is regarded as a core concept to evaluate community works. Few published studies have examined sense of community with community governance despite suggestions that it is an effective approach to enhance sense of belonging. A widely accepted policy describes to promote community governance needs to enhance sense of community belonging which may imply the great relationship. Thus, it may be particularly important to consider the community governance and the interaction of the three parts (neighborhood committee, owners committee and property management companies) because community construction and management cannot be separated from any of them. The hypothesis of this paper was that community governance would account for a significant portion of the variability in sense of community through the interaction of three parts. Participants were 452 residents from old community (conducted in 2017). The sample extraction process was employed: (1) we randomly extracted seven old communities from Wuhan; (2) the author numbered each of the building and selected 2 households per building; and (3) the community staff had a household survey with any family member over 18 years old. The author uses the principal components and hierarchical linear regression to reveal the impacts of variables including socioeconomic status, dwelling characteristics and governance characteristics. It proposes that community governance accounted 44
69.0% of sense of community, while the full model accounted for 70.6% of the variance. Both satisfaction with neighborhood committees and property management companies are particularly salient for the three sub-dimensions (sense of belonging, community environment and community service) of sense of community. The enhancement of the community governance’s role in sense of community could have strengthened the position of grass-roots social governance at the official policies. It also indicates the lack of capability of owners committee compared with the other two subjects. Key Words Sense of Community; Community Governance; Satisfaction
How Social Media Unites and Divides Urban China
Yinxuan Huang, The University of Manchester Abstract Owing to the development of information and communication technology (ICT) in the past decade, Internet users have become one of the most fast-growing populations in urban China. Meanwhile, social media sites like Weibo and Wechat have emerged as an eye-catching social phenomenon as they are playing an increasingly important role in the everyday life of Chinese ‘netizens’. The implication of China’s vibrant online market for its urban society is thus an urgent line of inquiry that deserves further exploration. Building upon Henrik Bang’s conceptualisation of forms of political activism, this paper aims to examine the sociodemographic characteristics of social media news viewers in the Chinese city and their social attitudes about trust and equality. Data is from a 2015 survey of Chinese Internet users. Results from a series of regression and latent models show clear divides in political awareness based on traditional and social media in terms of regions and social standing. As compared to active viewers of traditional media in urban China, active social media news viewers tend to display a significantly lower level of political trust at local levels whereas their level of trust in the central government remains high. Similarly, viewing news on social media is associated with declined social trust. Nevertheless, it is strongly associated consciousness of social equality in China. These findings lead to the conclusion that social media in urban China is highly generative of expert citizens, who are particularly critical to local governance and society, and are sensitive to social development.
Key Words Internet; Trust; Media; Urban China; Rural China
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Research on Community Social Capital of the Young Tenants from the Perspective of Social :A Case Study of Best Bond Apartment in Nanjing
Yuxin Qing, Nanjing University Min Zhang, Nanjing University Abstract In urban china，the current research on social capital and social integration focuses on the social networks and participation of migrant workers , without attention to young adult especially the new generation of high educated laborers who are renting outside. By surveying tenants living in Best Bond apartment, which is one of the centralized long-term apartment in Nanjing , this study classified social capital into a structural dimension based on objective practice and a cognitive dimension based on subjective perception, examining the community social capital of young tenants and exploring whether it influences social integration. The results show that in the apartments, residents who have more social networks and more trust to their neighborhoods tend to integrate into community successfully. However, social integration is more closely related to the individual’s social participation out of community. In addition, the hukou system and other socio- economic attributes also have a certain influence on the social integration. The promulgate of talent introduction policies in cities will further attract young adults who are in the housing transition period. Centralized long-term apartments meet the lifestyle and needs of some young people. The cross-sectional data of the study shows the role of different elements of social capital in social integration of young tenants in such living mode, which provides a certain research basis for comparison between different rental modes in the same city. Key Words Urban Young Adult; Community; Social Capital; Social Network; Integration
Sex Preference for Children in China
Yuling Wu, Peking University Abstract This study explores the changes of child gender preference of married people in China since 2010, with special attention given to rural-urban disparity in the preference. By using data from 2010, 2013 and 2015 Chinese General Social Surveys, the author finds that there is a substantial rise of gender balance preference in both urban people and rural people, whereas the latter shows much stronger preference for an equal number of boys and girls than the former. In addition, weak daughter preference has been observed in both urbanites and rural people, however, rural-urban disparity of the preference is becoming noticeable, and urban people, particularly urban women, show stronger daughter preference comparing with rural men and rural women. Gender neutrality
46 encounters a sudden decline in both rural and urban people, and boy preference maintains quite weak. There is no evident rural-urban disparity found in terms of the two preferences. Results show that education, gender role attitudes and household economic status play roles on gender preference. Additionally, people, with rural people in particular, who view adult children should be the caregivers of elderly parents increasingly yearn for gender balance rather than more sons or daughters. This paper seeks to discuss further implications of these findings on gender inequality and family planning policy. Key Words Rural-urban Disparity in Gender Preference for Children; Gender Balance; Boy Preference, Daughter Preference; Gender Neutrality
The Mediating Role of Social Cognition on the Predictive Relation between Contact Probability and Intergroup Relationship
Qingpeng Zhang, Guangzhou University Liang Wang, Guangzhou University
Abstract Numerous studies in recent decades have supported the positive role of intergroup contact under optimal conditions on the reduction of prejudice or conflict, and on the promotion of collaboration or intergroup prosociality. However, few studies have investigated an elaborated mechanism behind the prejudice-reducing effects of intergroup contact. In the present research, and based on the theory of social cognition foundation, we examined the social-cognitive mechanism of Chinese- African relationship in a sample of Chinese University students (n = 364) who have adequate contact experiences with African businessman living in Guangzhou, China. The result of indirect effect analysis (Figure 1) demonstrated that the positive prediction from the probability of intergroup contact (X) to the promotion of intergroup relationship (Y) that was tested by the criterion of social distance is realized through a series of social-cognitive mediators, which include the warmth perception of African people (M1) and the willingness for intergroup contact (M2). The indirect effect of X on Y through M1 and M2 is significant respectively. Moreover, the indirect effect of X on Y through M1 and M2 in serial is also significant. The cultural and psychological implications of these results are discussed. Key Words Intergroup Contact; Social Cognition; Social Distance; Intergroup Relationship
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Topic9：Sustainable Urbanization
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Informality and Urban Space: an Epistemological Interrogation
Wei Xu, University of Lethbridge Abstract The debate on informal urban space is a lasting one. In the modern era, informal urban space emerged first in the early industrializing states. From London and Paris to New York and Chicago, informal urban space pioneered, flourished and eventually disappeared under the wave of progression toward industrialization and modernization. While those earlier processes of informalization in western cities did not catch too much academic attention, they were widely exposed by popular media and art literature. Charles Dickens’s immortal novel, Oliver Twist, crystalized the expansiveness of informal urban space in the 19th century London and savaged relentlessly the severity of urban poverty juxtaposed in front of wealth. The academic negligence on informal urban space ended when a massive scale of urbanization took place in the developing nations in the post war era and consequently generated an unprecedented magnitude of informal urban space. Squatter and self-help settlement in Mexico, favalas in Brazil, urban village in China, and various forms of slums in Philippines, India, and Africa are eye-catching examples of informal urban spaces in developing nations. Again, informal urban space is asserted into a category of poverty, this time by the academic literature. This paper attempts to intervene the existing epistemological category of writing informal urban space as poverty. In so doing, four bold arguments are presented. First, urbanization necessitates space informalization and consequently informal urban space. Second, informality and informal urban space are not necessary conditions of urban poor. Third, the essence of informal space lies in its fluidity, the essence of informal space lies in its fluidity, provisionality, indeterminacy, impermanency, and temporality, which consequently provide opportunities for economic, political and social mobility.. Fourth, human agencies are stimulated to create informality for flexibility and opportunity in life as a way to fight against the rigid and unjust social structures.
Form Alomorphist Treatment of Urban Informality Evaluating the Zoning Policy for Itinerant Street Vendors in Guangzhou
Gengzhi Huang, Guangzhou Institute of Geography
Abstract This paper explains the failure of the recent zoning policy for informal street vending in Guangzhou by employing and animating the concept of formalomorphism, which reflects a modernistic 49 planning ideology that tends to impose the rules of formality on the governance of informality without regarding the vary factors that shape the nature of the latter. Despite providing permitted vending spaces for street vendors, the paper argues that the politics of zoning is in essence an attempt to correct the street vending as a sign of ‘spatial pathologies’ by spatially fixing and confining it in designated areas for the sake of the control and protection of urban spaces. Drawing on the material from semi-structured interviews with the vendors in designated vending places and those keep outside the formal regulatory system, this paper examines how the zoning policy destroyed various advantages of informal street vending such as mobility, flexibility and low cost despite it improving the physical environment of business. It is argued that the inefficiency of the formalization policy roots in its embracement of the ideology of formalomorphism that disregards the merits of informal practices. The paper concludes by discussing theoretical and policy implications for the governance of urban informality.
Assisting Lilongwe's Urban Growth: An Investigation on China Aid Projects
Tianjie Zhang, Tianjin University Davies Mbewe, Tianjin University Yuqi Zhang, Tianjin University
Abstract China’s infrastructure investment in Africa has grown ever faster than before in the past decade. The effects of China-funded infrastructure projects on African cities, however, have not been well documented in the literature. This study partially fills this gap by examining whether and how infrastructure projects funded by Chinese capital have spurred urban growth and accrued socioeconomic benefits in African cities. The context of this study is Lilongwe, the capital city of an inland African county Malawi. Lilongwe was a major beneficiary of key infrastructure projects funded by China and experienced tremendous development in the past decade. Via documental studies and fieldworks, this paper will elucidate the implementation processes of five major China- funded projects in Lilongwe by examining their spatial locations, service requirements, stakeholders and their social economics impacts on the city’s inhabitants. Key Words China Aid Projects; African Cities; Local Capacity; Investment Sustainability
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City-regionalism as Geopolitical Processes
Yi Li, Hohai University Andy EG Jonas, University of Hull
Abstract Drawing upon a case study of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in China, this paper critically examines claims that the rise of the mega-urban region threatens to usurp the geopolitical authority of the national state. As a matter of fact, it is the national state, notably, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), who promoted city-regionalism as a possible political solution to various national development problems. In the 1980s, city-regionalism was a means by which the CCP could consolidate its political control of national territory notwithstanding the increasing internationalization of the economy. In the early 2000s, the Chinese state actively promoted international competition through global city-region formations including the YRD region. However, such efforts exacerbated discrepancies between east and west regions, between urban and rural areas and also between giant municipalities and ordinary cities in the Chinese state, which the CCP has in the meantime sought to manage through stronger city-regional collaboration. The paper argues that, instead of diminishing the geopolitical influence of the nation state, city-regionalism enables the developmental state to address various political and administrative tensions arising from both within and beyond its national borders. Key Words City-regionalism; State Internationalization; Geopolitics; Governance; China
The Equalization Evaluation Method of Public Service Facilities from the Perspective of HOMO-URBANICUS - A Case Study of Wuhan City
Junnan Xia, Wuhan University Wei Wei, Wuhan University Abstract The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward "the contradiction between the ever-growing need for a better life for the people and the imbalanced development of an imbalance" as the major contradiction in China's future development." China's urbanization has developed rapidly. The phenomenon of unbalenced development among different regions has long existed. The balanced development of urban and rural areas will be the future focus of urban planning. Establishing a universal equalization evaluation method for public service facilities is the key to improve the investment and construction of public service facilities.
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The current assessment of urban public service facilities mainly have the following questions: 1. The lack of a unified theoretical guidance. 2. Evaluation technology is complex and difficult to promote. 3. The division of service areas ignores the systematic and complex of public service facilities. Under the guidance of urban people theory, this article explores the evaluation method of "equalization" of urban public service facilities system with the method of big data of space. HOMO-URBANICUS theory is a methodological to planning disciplines to understanding urban phenomena through deduction. In the planning of facilities, through the interpretation of urban phenomena, bottom-up adjustment of people and city space match. In the HOMO-URBANICUS perspective, the core issues involved in public service facilities are matching in three dimensions: "point, quantity and quality". Through the planning, the establishment of service facilities to match the scale to ensure reasonable supply and demand under the premise of creating a good living environment.The purpose of equalization of urban public service facilities is not simply the development of people's livelihood projects, but an important entry point for overall improvement of urban public investment efficiency and urban management level. This paper studies the core districts of Wuhan, and chooses six basic public service facilities such as "primary school", "kindergarten", "primary medical facilities", "nursing home", "library" and "rehabilitation center for the disabled", and give recommendations for improvement at the level of equality. The evaluation method of constructing public service facilities in cities can screen the typical space comprehensively, effectively and rapidly, and give the criterion of planning and design for reference, which has some promotion significance. Key Words Public Facilities; Equalization; HOMO-URBANICUS
The Trials of Technoburbia: the Urban Contradictions of Hangzhou's Future Sci-tech City Corridor
Julie T. Miao, Glasgow University Nicholas A. Phelps, University College London
Abstract The speed and scale of China’s urbanisation has seen the proliferation of numerous suburban high technology zones and new townships. These developments are nearer to the technoburbs that, with their greater employment and residential balance, Fishman (1989) saw as marking an end to the era of the residential suburb in the west. We are familiar with the urban contradictions of the most successful of these technoburbs such as Silicon Valley (Saxenien, 1983). Does the master
52 planned nature of China’s technoburbs avoid some of the contradictions of high tech industry growth in the west? Drawing upon the case of Hangzhou's Future Sci-tech City Corridor, we explore some of the contradictions of China’s technoburbia, the extent to which planning authorities are aware of emerging contradictions, and the extent to which have sought to address them in policy and with what effects.
Which Scale Matters: Rethinking Cultural Industry Development Policies from a City-network Perspective
Xu Zhang, Wuhan University of Technology Abstract Since the 1990s, cultural and creative economic activities have received increasing attention in economics, geography and many other social science disciplines. Cultural industries have also dominated policy discourses in many arenas across the world. However, most current policy interventions on cultural industries tend to be highly localized and dominated by a cluster agenda, with few programmes considering the trans-local and multi-scalar connection and cooperation between cultural producers. In this paper, we offer a critical evaluation of cultural industry development policies from a city-network perspective. Drawing on quantitative data sources, we first conduct a systematic investigation into the geographical distribution of leading cultural industry firms across major cities in mainland China and the spatial organization of their city-based, supplier-customer relationships within and beyond the country. Based on this empirical work, we then examine whether cultural industry clusters (and cultural industry strategies in general) could be a viable policy panacea for a variety of cities and which spatial scale(s) should be taken into consideration while implementing cultural industries development programmes. Our study generates a more comprehensive understanding of the functioning of local clusters and trans-local networks in the organization of cultural industry value chains, and offers some new insights into the formulation of cultural industry development and planning schemes. Key Words Cultural Industries; City Network; Cluster; Policy; China
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Urbanization Agglomeration Economies: Population, Migration, and Foreign Direct Investment in China's New Era
Hao Huang, Illinois Institute of Technology Abstract China’s rapid urbanization has been considered as an important force shaping the world development in the twenty-first century. With China’s rapid urbanization, urbanization agglomeration effects are playing increasingly significant roles in foreign direct investment (FDI) location, but the impact of urbanization economies on FDI has not been thoroughly identified in the context of Chinese urbanization, especially in the 2000s. This paper aims to identify impacts of urbanization economies in 2011, examine differences in their impacts stemming from two components, net migration of rural population (i.e. migrant workers) and the increase of the urban- hukou population (including natural increase and residential reclassification), and assess the relative importance of urbanization economies and localization economies in FDI location. This study analyzes spatial patterns and trajectories of migrant workers, applying global and local spatial statistics. This study also employs regression models to examine forces influencing FDI location, especially different urbanization agglomeration economies. The findings indicate that the urbanization agglomerations respectively stemming from the increase of urban-hukou population and the migration had varied: the urban-hukou population generated urbanization agglomeration economies while the population of migrant workers had not generated urbanization agglomeration economies anymore. Key Words Urbanization Economies; Foreign Direct Investment; Migration; Hukou Population; Location Choice; China
Spatio-Temporal Influencing Mechanism of Urbanization and Population Health in China
Lin Mei, Central China Normal University Baishi Huang, Central China Normal University
Abstract Urbanization is a multi-dimensional process of social change, and is one of the social processes that having the greatest impact on human society. Urbanization improves the economy and living conditions, and also bring enormous a series of pressure of resources, environment, health and others at the same time; especially in the 40 years of reform and opening up, the rapid
54 development of urbanization to bring threats to human health, which is a prominent problem for current urbanizaiton development. The relationship between urbanization and population health reflects the most basic human land relationship in the study of geography.Based on the theory of human land relations, This research regards urbanization and population health as a systematic interaction relationship. From three regional level perspective of international and inter-provincial and provincial, setting up on Urbanization database and Human Population database seperately in the year of 1990 to 2010. Based on the analysis of the health of the population and differences on region, the research establishes coupling model between urbanizaiton and population health system, discusses the coupling relationship, temporal and spatial variation between development and population of Chinese urbanizational health effects, summarizes the influencing mechanism, and put forward policy and recommendations to promote China's New urbanization strategy and Healthy China strategy.
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Topic10：Migration and Integration
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How Neighborhood Social and Physical Environment Affect Employment Outcomes of Migrants and Local Residents in Shanghai
Yue Shen, East China Normal University Zhilin Liu, Tsinghua University
Abstract The housing and employment experiences of rural–urban migrants have attracted worldwide attention from both scholars and policy makers. In China, the massive scale of rural-urban migration has been the cornerstone of China's economic growth over the past three decades, and over a third of China's urban population are migrant populations according to the Report on China's Migrant Population Development (National Health and Family Planning Commission, 2015). In the background of China's new type urbanization, the living conditions and quality of life of the rural– urban migrants in mega cities become more and more important, since the large number of migrants constitutes the biggest challenge for the country's social sustainability and stability. Existing empirical studies have revealed tremendous discrimination experienced by temporary migrants in the urban housing system, and have emphasized constraints by both formal institutions - such as the hukou system and informal factors - such as social networks that may promote economic, social, and psychological integration of migrants in the urban context. But studies on employment experiences are much less, and also the spatial factors such as built environments and job accessibility are not considered enough. Hence, existing studies have only indirect planning implications, as little knowledge is offered with respect to the role of job opportunities and infrastructure planning in migrant’s employment outcomes. This study focuses on the social and physical environment at the neighborhood scale, trying to examine their effects on the employment outcomes of residents, and how the effects vary between migrants and local residents in Shanghai. The dynamic monitoring data of floating population collected by National Health and Family Planning Commission in 2013 are used. This study employs different types of regression models to investigate the relationships between neighborhood social and physical context and employment outcomes. The dependent variables include employment situation (i.e. whether the respondent has a stable job), occupation type and income, and the independent variables include socio-demographic variables, neighborhood physical context (e.g. job accessibility, transit accessibility, service facilities, public space and infrastructure), and neighborhood social context (e.g. the perceived mixing level of rural–urban migrants and citizens in neighborhood, the interaction frequency with neighbors). Controlling for socio-demographic variables, regression analysis is employed to test the following hypotheses. First, job accessibility affect employment outcomes, and the influence tends to be more significant for migrants since they have weak mobility and tend to live close to work
57 places, so that they are more easily affected by spatial factors such as accessibility. Second, a migrant tends to have better employment outcomes if he/she interact frequently with neighbors, which provide better social capital and more job opportunities. Third, a migrant tends to interact more frequently with local residents if living in a neighborhood with convenient accessibility to services and facilities (e.g. shopping, cultural-leisure, schools, hospitals, and bus stations), and that also offers more job opportunities. Key Words Social Environment; Rural Urban Migrants; Job Accessibility; Mix Living; Shanghai
The Informal Employment of China’s Rural-urban Migrants:A Perspective from the Everyday Geography
Yuanyuan Zhang, South China Normal University Ning An, Guangzhou University Hong Zhu, South China Normal University
Abstract The concept of informal employment began in 1973, when the ILO report on employment in Kenya was first formally presented as "the informal sector". In 1991, ILO further defined the informal sector, while classifying informal employment categories: small or micro-sized enterprises, family enterprises and independent providers. The informal economy has become an important component of economic development, and studies have shown that the importance of the informal economy, particularly in developing countries. In 1978, the informal employment rate in China was only 0.16%, but the number increased to 60.2% in 2013, informal employment has become the basic form of employment in China. Under the impact of market reform involved economic reconstruction and urban transformation, an increasing number of people in Chinese rural areas have been moving into the urban areas. Meanwhile, there are also a number of international migrants in Chinese urban areas alongside with the influence of globalization. Most of them are engaged in informal employments. Migrants constitute the main part of informal employment. Therefore, this study takes migrants as the main research object and will focus on skilled workers in the City who have the core skills such as IT workers. The choice of more free and flexible employment and entrepreneurial path, which for the city's informal employment launched a new development path. Based on the perspective of everyday geography, the practice of migrants in informal employment is explored. This research is conducted to map the paths of informal employment in Chinese cities during the transition period. What’s more, it wants to explore the 58 ways how migrants access the informal employment resource via their social network and examine the strategies how migrants seek for a better life in terms of social and cultural practice? How these migrants shape the landscape of the community and city will also be probes? Finally, we hope to find out the Chinese experience for the worldwide informal employment. Researchers will adopt a combination of qualitative and quantitative method. To be exact, qualitative research methods such as content analysis, participatory observation and in-depth interview were combined with quantitative research methods. The study found that in the process of informal employment, young informal employment groups will not regard the current informal employment as the final occupation, but only a transit route. Most of them have a certain skill, and they have confidence in the future and have their own special interests and hobbies. Of course, some informal employees have certain difficulties in life because of the social network. We should pay attention to migrants’ informal practice, researches in this area will help the relevant departments to pay attention to this group, and it will also help the related policies to better focus on and respond to them. At the same time, we hope to better define relevant concepts about informal employment through the study of Chinese cases. Key Words Informal Employment; Rural-urban Migrants; Skilled Workers; Every Geography; Guangzhou
The Effect of Urbanization on Migrants Family Spatial Separation in China
Hongsheng Chen, Southeast University Xingping Wang, Southeast University Ye Liu, Sun Yat-sen University Zhigang Li, Wuhan University Abstract This paper mainly analyzes the family separation of migrants and the basic condition of “residence- employment-public service” of migrants from the national level in China. Different from a family urban-rural split in rural-urban areas in the early period of reform and opening up, the trend of a family reunion of migrant families is obvious in the new period. The proportion of migrant couples living in the same city is 90.51%, while the proportion of migrants leaving their children in the countryside is 37.24% and those living their parents in countryside reaches 94.02%. At the national level, the phenomenon of the family split of migrants in Beijing-Tianjin and the core cities of the Yangtze River Delta is prominent. Overall, family economic and social factors, urban spatial factors, employment factors, housing factors, political and institutional factors have a direct impact on the family split of migrants. That is, urban living costs and the supply of basic public services have the most prominent impact on the family split of migrant.
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The Effects of Social Ties on Rural-urban Migrants' Place Attachment in the Destination Cities in China
Xu Huang, Sun Yat-sen University Desheng Xue, Sun Yat-sen University Ye Liu, Sun Yat-sen University
Abstract The rapid growth of temporary migrants in large Chinese cities has led to the need for a nuanced and in-depth understanding of factors shaping their place attachment in these cities. However, previous investigation into this subject has been undermined by an oversimplification of the concepts and measurements related to place attachment and migrants’ social network. Using data from a nationwide survey conducted in 2013 and multilevel logit regressions, this study investigated the determinants of the place attachment of 12,807 rural-urban migrants across eight cities in China. The study focused particularly on how migrants’ social ties with people in the destination cities shaped their place attachment in these cities. This study makes an innovative contribution to the literature by (1) distinguishing between migrants’ ties to non-residents (other migrants from the same place of origin), to kin residents (local residents who are kin), and to non- kin residents (local residents who are not kin); (2) using multiple social indicators to measure migrants’ place attachment; and (3) using neighborhood-level indicators to measure migrants’ place attachment. Findings from our analysis show that migrants’ newly formed inter-group ties and their existing intra-group ties exert different impacts on their place attachment. Specifically, migrants’ newly formed ties with non-kin residents are positively linked to their place attachment to the destination cities, and their ties to non-residents are negatively associated with their place attachment. Our findings also indicate that neighborhood-level characteristics have significant effects on rural migrants’ place attachment, for instance, the positive role of the community service in their place attachment to the destination city.
Key Words Social Ties; Rural-urban Migrants; Place Attachment; Hukou; Urban China
Social Inclusion, Access to Public Service, and Migrants’ Family Integration in China
Ziming Li, University of Florida Shengfeng Lu, Wuhan University
Abstract China’s rapid urbanization and unbalanced public expenditure engendered a wave of migrant 60 families’ geographic separation. As the social cost for a large group of migrant families, at least one type of these separations occurred: young children separating from parents, elder parents separating from adult children, the separation between couples, and lonely individuals that have no family member around. Many researchers found that health and socioeconomic development problems are associated with the geographic separation among key family members. However, with regard to the studies on a solution, the focus on the joint impact of individual’s sense of local community and public policies is still rare. This paper investigates the extent to which their access to public services in terms of healthcare and their local engagement in urban communities impact on their family integration. We select 16,000 samples of migrants in 249 districts and counties, 8 cities, and 7 provinces in China from of China’s National Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey data from 2013 to 2015. The temporal-spatial separation between dependent population (young children and senior parents) and migrant labors and the geographic separation of couples serve as the reversed index of family integration. Migrants’ multiple perceptions of their socioeconomic integration with local communities and their participation in local public services serve as the independent variables in benchmark regression model. We identified that good communication with local people matters for family integration. Holding local public healthcare record increase families’ geographic separation (esp. long-distance couples and lonely individuals) in that public service can compensate for some missing family function for individuals. Migrants’ perception of social inclusion is not very important if they can access public service. Good sense of neighborhood decrease migrants’ worries about their leftover children, which might not reduce their separation from leftover children. Migrants’ separation from their elder parents is not as severe as the others, but all these factors under investigation cannot influence the family integration with these empty nesters. Key Words Insurance; Social Capital; Risk; Inclusion
Can Education and Social Contact Make Urban Residents less Hostile toward Rural- to-urban Residents
Yuying Tong, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Tianzhu Nie, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Abstract Using data from an urban study survey in 2014, we examined the education gradient on urban residents’ attitudes toward rural migrants in 12 middle sized cities and one large city in China. 61
We have following findings. First, we found that education has positive effect on urban people’s attitudes toward rural migrants on their general recognition of rural migrants’ contribution, showing education gradient effect, which may reflect an education enlightenment effect. By further examining the possible mechanism of education on social justice making them having more positive view toward migrants, we confirmed the enlightenment effect of education on social justice, which lead to more positive attitude toward the subordinate group. However, when talking about agreement on more remedial social polices such as same education and health care opportunities, the influences of education disappeared. Education does not affect the closeness to migrant workers either. This indicates that although education make people being less negative to migrant workers, which could reduce discrimination attitudes toward migrant workers, education does not help urban resident having more liberal attitudes on adopting remedial policies to promote social equality. Thus, the result is more consistent to the ideological refinement effect. Key Words Education; Social Contact; Urban Residents; Rural-to-urban Migrants
Hukou by Degree: Migrants, Migration Policies and Social Citizenship in a Chinese Megacity
Limei Li，East China Normal University Abstract Population migration in China is a two-track system consisting of permanent and temporary migration. Permanent migration refers to the migration with the change of household registration (hukou) to the host city while temporary migration refers to the migration without the change of hukou status. Only the permanent migrants approved by governments can enjoy the same social citizenship as the locals. Thus hukou policies in China have a strong structuring effect on migration, by allowing the movement of some (age, skill, class) groups, or the permanent migrants, and hindering the movement of others, or the temporary migrants. Furthermore, these policies are patterning permanent migration to occur along institutional pathways and linking particular social groups with particular social space. This study focuses on the permanent migration with special reference to the most populous megacity in China, Shanghai. We examine three sets of questions: 1) how many and where the permanent migrants have got hukou in Shanghai; 2)how the patterns of hukou conferment have changed over time; 3) who the permanent migrants are and which institution sponsors their hukou application. We calculate the Location Quotients of hukou conferment in the 17 urban districts/counties of Shanghai between 2004 and 2015. The odds of hukou conferment vary within a city. The permanent migrants were 1.8--2.9 times more concentrated in the central city than the city average; while inner and outer suburbs had a lower 62 than average concentration. The essence of hukou policies in Chinese megacities is not just about controlling the number, but also about the selection of migrants in terms of their education degree, job status and wealth to serve the development of urban economy, which have produced peculiar urban social geographies that would in turn produce new types of social class formation. Key Words Permanent Migrants; Hukou; Social Citizenship; China
The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces at Work: Mobility of Screen Labours in Transnational Cinema After Cepa
June Wang，City University of Hong Kong Luyue Zhang，City University of Hong Kong Abstract The world-wide passion of creative and cultural city production has witnessed ceaseless mobility of ideas, capital, products and population, however, their entangled-ness has yet been reflected in the literature. Perhaps, nowhere is this more evident in the transnational co-production of culture, in particularly, in the new media industries. As summarised by Kong (2014), “‘transnational co- production’ captures the movement of creative workers and creative ideas to various production locations”, but also “encompass transnational financial and production flows, and distribution and exhibition processes”, therefore is valuable to explore the intertwined relations. Despite of the different approaches of economic geographers and cultural geographers, both have reckoned the issue of international division of labour in this process. For economic geographers, the scholarly questions for the runaway production is the labour question brought about by the spatial flexibility of production (Christopherson, 2003, 2008). Critical cultural studies focus on real activities and forces on the ground, “that are unleashed by globalization, that do not subscribe to the logic of capitalist accumulation driving it (Berry, 2010).” This entangled-ness has been further complicated by state intervention through co-production treaties to establish a bilateral reciprocal relationship by offering “national treatment” to industries in two sovereign governments. In this emerging crossing-border collaboration, what has become more evident is the actual mobility of the creative workforce with relational autonomy. Many of them are moving along the path paved by capital and state re-regulation, as well as new mobile rhetoric of borderless culture. Located on an island-city of Hong Kong, Hong Kong film industry has always been exploring various territorial strategies to expand its market, for instance, towards Southeast Asia, Taiwan, Pan-Asian countries and recently, towards mainland China after the introduction of co-production through the promulgation of “Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement” (CEPA). Using the case of mainland-HK coproduction and the imagined new Chinese-language culture, we will pay special 63 attention to the intertwined-mess of mobility and the impact on international division of screen labour. By mobility, we follow scholars like Urry and Bauman, who argue that, ‘mobility becomes a most precious and sought-after resource. If chances cannot be “fixed to a place” and made to last, one needs to go where the chances appear and when they appear’ (Bauman, 2002, p. 83). In the case of motion picture in Hong Kong, what has been operating along the same transnational network are not only forces driven by capitalist logic, but also entails alternative forces with alternative visions. Mobility of independent film-makers with relational autonomy in reshaping the network and ideas, values moving through the network, as argued by critical transnational cinema studies, might caste a beacon of light on alternative cultural production. Transnational cinema challenges traditional wisdoms that fix territorial sovereignty to the state and fix neoliberal logic to all initiatives derived from and resulting in trans-border circulations.
Research on the Present Situation and Pathway of Migrant Population in Market Culture—Take Zhujiajiao Ancient Town in Shanghai for Example
Meigui Ye，Shanghai University YiLiang Lin，Shanghai University Abstract With the urbanization, marketization and acceleration of internationalization and the rapid transformation of economic and social development, a large number of migrants have continuously flowed into the first-tier and second-tier cities and have become important forces in the development of these cities. In this paper, through deep interview and observation, it is found that there are three forms of assimilation, integration and separation of the imported population in the well culture: personal factors, social environment and institutional factors have an important influence on the integration of the immigrant population into the well culture. At the same time, The path makes relevant suggestions and reflections. Key Words Foreign Population; Market Culture; Cultural Adaptation; Ancient Town
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Migrants' Subjective Wellbeing in Chinese Cities: The Mediating Effect of Social Comparison
Ye Liu, Sun Yat-sen University Yuqi Liu, University College London Fangzhu Zhang, University College London Zhigang Li, Wuhan University Fulong Wu, University College London
Abstract Migration may have a profound influence on migrants’ subjective wellbeing by altering their perceptions of socioeconomic status, as migrants may change their reference groups after their arrivals in the host city. Although earlier studies have estimated the association between migrants’ objective socioeconomic status and their subjective wellbeing, little empirical research has been done to disentangle the relationship between objective socioeconomic status, social comparison, and subjective wellbeing among migrants in Chinese cities. Moreover, it remains unclear whether the change in migrants’ frame of reference regarding their conditions influences the relationship between their socioeconomic status and subjective wellbeing. This paper aims to examine the mediating effect of social comparison on the relationship between migrants’ socioeconomic status and subjective wellbeing in the host cities using the 2014 wave of China Labour-force Dynamic Survey (CLDS) data. Results from multi-level regressions and mediation analysis indicate that migrants’ subjective wellbeing is significantly associated with their objective socioeconomic status in the host city. Results from mediation analysis suggest that the relationship between migrants’ socioeconomic status and subjective wellbeing is mediated by their comparison with others. The selection of reference groups is found to matter for the magnitude of mediating effect of social comparison. Specifically, when migrants compare their living standards with relatives, neighbours, and urban residents all at once, comparing with both neighbours and urban local residents mediates the relationship between socioeconomic status and subjective wellbeing. No evidence suggests that comparing with relatives plays the role of a mediator in this regard. The research findings are helpful to unravel the puzzle of the decrease in migrants’ happiness despite their rising income in contemporary China.
Key Words Migrants; Subjective Wellbeing; Social Comparison; Socioeconomic Status; China
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Acquired but Unvested Welfare Rights: Migration and Entitlement Barriers in Reform-era China
Li Zhang, Fudan University Abstract Scholars studying Chinese development have acknowledged the significance of the decades-long hukou system for impeding internal migration and defining welfare entitlements. But many may overlook another crucial barrier: incomplete transferability of acquired welfare rights. Taking a case of the Urban Employee Basic Pension System, this paper intends to understand how the limited transferability of acquired rights acts as an obstacle to labor migration and entitlement accomplishment. It also seeks to explore the factors that are accountable to the low level of welfare rights transferability. Our findings suggest that migration and entitlement barriers today may not be so much a question of a particular form of hukou exclusion but more of the problem of insufficient rights portability. An in-depth understanding of structural constraints of China’s reform- era migration and rights attainment needs to take into account transferability of welfare entitlements for migrant workers, which should go beyond a narrow cognition the hukou system per se. Key Words Urban Employee Basic Pension System; Transferability; Basic Pension; Unvested Welfare Rights; The hukou System
Rural-urban Linkages, the Plight and Agency of Migrant Women Care Workers in Urban China
Xiaohui Zhong, Sun Yat-sen University
Abstract As urban residents become better off and with the aging of urban society, cities demand more care services in households and social care institutions. Jobs in this sector are increasingly taken up by migrant women from rural areas. Whilst working in cities, they maintain close linkages with their rural families. This paper studies how rural urban linkages have affected the work and family relationship of migrant women care workers, and how they exercise agency to cope with the pressure. This research is particularly important in that migration is a main source of labour supply for
66 urban care. The plight the workers face now indicates that the labour supply cannot sustain. This highlights the need to change the urban-centric planning in terms of care provision. The existing studies of care workers are mostly about transnational migration, such as migration from Southeast Asian countries. Some researchers have stressed the linkages between rural and urban areas (Geest & Vermeulen, 2004; Kifman & Raghuram, 2012; Tacoli, 1999) . However, problems caused by cross-country migration of care workers cannot be analysed as a domestic planning issue; whereas in China, this is a domestic issue. Failing to recognise the needs for coordinated planning, even the urban care system cannot sustain. This paper draws on research of women migrant care workers in households and care institutions in Beijing and Guangzhou in 2016. The data are collected via participatory observation and in-depth interviews. I first identify the rural urban linkages between migrant women care workers and their rural- based families. 1) They are under the pressure to send remittance back in time when they are in the cities. 2) They cannot guarantee that they would be able to work for a long period of time because of family care responsibilities. As a result, they are frequently torn between self-fulfillment and satisfying family needs. They cannot take advantage of the urban resources for making professional progress. Their employers are also hesitant to enter into formal contractual relationship. However, facing the challenges, they also exercise agency to balance the need from families in the villages and their employers’ demand in cities. They learn to take advantage of new communication technologies, renegotiate labour division with their husbands, arrange job sharing with families and friends, and negotiate with employers for more flexible arrangements. I argue that the agency they deploy, though have helped them to cope, is structurally embedded and at private level. However, to obtain sustainable labour supply, social policy makers and social workers need to acknowledge the social needs of the rural population, and develop coordinated strategies for rural and urban care.
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Who Migrates for Education? Who Migrates via Education? Human Capital,
Family，Backgrounds, and Chinese College Students' Employment-Migration
Decisions
Han Liu，State University of New York at Albany
Abstract This paper investigates the preferences of Chinese college students regarding the city where they want to work after graduation, with a focus on the influence of human capital and family backgrounds. Data from the 2009 wave of the Beijing College Students Panel Survey show that the influence of human capital can be mainly accounted for by the risk of human capital depreciation after migration. Willingness to stay in Beijing to look for a job after graduation is relatively high for students whose human capital may only bring ample socioeconomic returns in the local labor market, while willingness to migrate to another city to look for a job is relatively high for those whose qualifications may lead to a decent job both in the local labor market and in the labor market in other regions. In terms of family backgrounds, the influence of these backgrounds is polarized. Students from the most advantaged families may get a great deal of support from their parents if they choose to work in Beijing, while those from the most disadvantaged families may get no support from their parents even if they go back to their hometowns after graduation. Thus, willingness to stay in Beijing after graduation is relatively high for both of these kinds of students. On the other hand, for students whose family backgrounds are in the middle of the spectrum, they may not get enough family support to live an adequate life in Beijing, but they may take advantage of their families' resources if they go back to their hometowns after graduation. Thus, their willingness to stay in Beijing is relatively low, and the willingness to go back to their hometowns is relatively high (although the latter is not statistically significant). Key Words Educational Attainment; Migration; Returns to Education; Higher Education
68
Patientification and Healthcare Migrants in Urban China
Dunxu Wu, The University of Hong Kong Shenjing He, The University of Hong Kong
Abstract The public health care service in China used to be brought by the government in a planned economy era. While the story in China has been transformed since its economic reform and opening up in the late 1970s: the affordability, accessibility and equality of health care services emerged as significant social problems (Fang 2015, 4). Although the Chinese government has gained considerable advancement in health care system (for instance, suggesting market elements into health care system, setting up a universal medical insurance system and distributing huge fund to health care), there yet remains two principal problems in Chinese health system: “poor accessibility and high medical expenses”. To some extent, despite of predisposing characteristics of patients, the “poor accessibility” mainly led by uneven geographical distribution of healthcare resources. The disparity of high-quality healthcare resources has triggered far-reaching multiscale socio- spatial impacts in urban China: (1) At national and regional scale, uneven healthcare resources distribution and imbalance of regional development has continuously deepened regional polarity and resulted in a large volume of healthcare migrants; (2) Uneven distribution of high-quality healthcare resources also exists at city scale, joining force with other politico-economic and social dynamics to reshape the highly unequal post-reformed Chinese cities, which are reflected in different transportation accessibility and housing prices, etc.; (3) Noteworthy, at community level, caused by the increasing size of intercity and interprovincial migrant patients, many “cancer hotels” or “cancer islands” have emerged near high-quality hospitals. This research mainly focuses on the third one (social-spatial reconstruction at community). While the current available information on this issue is mainly discussed by news reports, few academic studies have looked into it. This research constructs two new terms (“healthcare migrants” and “patientification”) aiming at investigating micro socio-spatial impacts (at community level) of the unbalanced healthcare resources distribution. In this research, the term “patientification” is coined to describe the process, resulting from the concentration of healthcare migrants, whereby communities in the vicinity of high-quality hospitals are experiencing economic, social and spatial reconstruction, including changing demographic composition, the emergence of various housing, medical, caring services, etc. at the community level; and “healthcare migrant” is coined to refer those patients who migrate from other cities and regions to communities which
69 possess high-quality healthcare resources to acquire better healthcare services for at least 12 days, during which term, they are living with or without family members in self-rented houses near hospitals. Key Words Healthcare; Patient Mobility; Hospital; Healthcare Resources
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Topic11：Ecological City
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The Concept and Practice of Ecological Campus Design--A Case Study of Campus Landscape Design of China Agricultural University
Wenxia Zheng, Tsinghua University Yan Huang, Tsinghua University Abstract Ecological civilization is a new stage in the development of human civilization. It is the material and spiritual results achieved by human following the objective law that human, nature and society should develop harmoniously. Faced with tightening resource constraint, serious environmental pollution and ecosystem degradation, we must establish the ecological civilization concept of respecting nature, conforming to nature and protecting nature, and taking the sustainable development path. With the rapid development of university campus construction in our country, the research on ecological campus design has become a hot spot. Under the guidance of ecological civilization concept, the university campus has become a platform of ecological civilization. "Sustainable development" is the theme of environmental education in colleges and universities and the backbone of campus construction in the 21st century. Harmonious ecological environment is the hometown of human mind. Lacking a sustainable ecological campus, education is a skeleton without soul. Therefore, ecology has multiple meanings in campus construction. Key Words Ecological Campus; Agricultural University; Landscape Design
The Expression of Chinese Traditional Ecological Wisdom on Contemporary Sustainable Environment
Yan Huang, Tsinghua University Abstract Ecological problems are essentially also cultural problems. Human beings created and experimented many plain ecological methods and principles during the past several millennia where they and their living environment coexisted. People from ancient China, however, brought ecological concept to a philosophical and aesthetical level. Their traditional ecological wisdom played an important role in guiding human behaviors and proved to be safe and effective over the centuries, achieving ecological and aesthetical excellence, which not only sets an example for us to reflect on the ecological crisis today, but also provides resources and inspirations to the work on global ecological theory and experiment. Key Words Ecological Philosophy; Aesthetics; Traditional Wisdom; Sustainability; Landscape
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Governing Eco-cities in China: A Case Study of Shenzhen
Ying Xu, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Abstract For the last two centuries, various waves of industrial and technological revolutions have transformed human lives and the earth. In conventional capitalism, the exploitative “Satanic Mill” has destroyed old social tissues as well as the integration of human race and nature. Facing serious challenges caused by massive production and market economy, such as climate change, environment degradation and social injustice, we urgently need a serious revisit of human-nature relationships and a paradigm shift of urban development. With over two decades of evolution, there are dozens of eco-city initiatives worldwide trying to address those challenges, especially in contemporary China. Is the contemporary eco-city idea totally imported goods? Are “scientific” knowledges enough for carrying out eco-city developments? Why governance issues play a crucial role during the process of eco-city development? And how can governance be analyzed from certain perspectives? To answer these questions, I will start from literature review on the two key variables. I will first review the existing literatures on eco-city and China’s historical environmental ethics, identifying not only a complex array of relevant and diversified concepts but also plenty of ancient wisdoms in China. Then, I will provide a review of concept of governance as well as reviews on empirical studies on both foreign and Chinese eco-city practices, revealing that major barriers are not specific knowledge or experience gaps but more related with governance issues. This presentation will also provide a theoretical framework from several perspectives such as underlying values, rationalities, strategic development episodes, institutional settings, and governance culture, to facilitate further in-depth analysis and understanding on the mode of governing eco-city development in China through the case study of Shenzhen.
Key Words Eco-city; Governance; Shenzhen
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Research on Suitability and Comprehensive Evaluation of Protection and Development for Water Culture Relics
Zhengsong Lin, China University of Geosciences Lu Zhang, China University of Geosciences Xuan Liu, China University of Geosciences Chen Feng, China University of Geosciences Wei Qian, China University of Geosciences Bing He, Wuhan University
Abstract In this paper, the Z-score method is used to standardize the evaluation index. The AHP and entropy method are used to obtain the factor score and the weight value. The comprehensive index model is used to evaluate the suitability of the protection and development of the water culture relics.Results showed: 1) It is proposed that the research on suitability evaluation of water relics protection and development is one of the important projects of protecting the inheritance of traditional culture in the plan of the 13th Five - Year Plan; 2) Ecological environment risk, resource economic function, social activity function and spatial location status are the core elements to determine the suitability of water culture protection and development; Resource endowments, air pollution index, environmental safety factor and waste digestion index are the main limiting factors; 3) Based on the study of the classification of the water culture relics in the Qing River Basin, it is shown that the construction of the suitability assessment model of protection and development has strong scientificity, high credibility and generalization.It is provides scientific and reasonable basis for the implementation of protection and development of government decision makers. Key words Water Culture Relics; Z-score Method; AHP; Suitability and Comprehensive; Qing River Basin
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Topic12：Urban Modelling and Planning
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Identifying Land Use Characteristics and Mechanisms Related to Traffic Crashes in Urban China
Yiling Zheng, Wuhan University Bo Xie, Wuhan University Yang Ding, Wuhan University Xianshu Nan, Wuhan University Zihao An, Wuhan University
Abstract Rapid urbanization and land use development has brought a significant increase of traffic crashes, which pose important challenges to traffic safety in urban China. Although many studies examined the impact of land use characteristics on traffic crashes, there were inconsistent findings in the results, and little literature explored the mechanism of land use on traffic crashes. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between land use characteristics and traffic crashes. Using negative binomial (NB) model and structural equation modeling (SEM), this study classified land use as sub-types based on its function, and examined their impact and mechanism on traffic crashes in Wuhan city. The results showed that the impact of land use on traffic crashes varied according to their functions, although some land use types have no significant effects on the traffic crashes, the impact of land use sub-types are significant. Moreover, this study found that traffic volume, including pedestrian, public transit and vehicle volume, played an important mediating role in this pathway. The current study provides empirical support for the role of land use in decreasing severe crashes in urban China. It also emphasizes the need for more comprehensive land use planning strategies to improve traffic safety for urban residents. Key Words Traffic Crashes, Land Use, Traffic Volume, Mechanism, Wuhan
Discussion on Identification of Unanticipated Urban Development in the New Data Environment: A Case Study of Wuhan
Zhe Gao, Central China Normal University
Abstract At present, on the urban scale, China has established a planning management system centered on ‘master planning, controlled detailed planning and detailed construction planning’ to guide and standardize urban construction activities. However, the planning bureau and related functional departments are only one of the participants in China’s urbanization. With the reform of the
76 administrative and the economic system, the forces of marketization have begun to play an increasingly important role in the urbanization. In the recent ten years, the developers, enterprises and citizens have become the major carriers of urbanization activities and statutory planning implementation, and thus constitute an important force in influencing legal planning system. A series of conflicts between urban development and legal planning have emerged, resulting in various unanticipated urbanization & re-urbanization results. Especially in metropolitan and megalopolis cities, due to the high precision and intensity of planning management on the one hand and strong demand for urban renewal/urban expansion on the other hand, the conflicts are more intense. Identifying these unanticipated results has been one of the topics in urban studies and planning managements. With the advent of the new data environment, an accurate identification is possible with data generated by mobile terminals, web platforms and government/commercial open projects. This paper, taking Wuhan as an example, based on the traditional land & planning data and the new data, identifies the unanticipated development results of Wuhan City during its 2005-2020 master planning period and provides a new idea and method of the accurate identification in the new data environment. Key Words Unanticipated Urban Development; The New Data Environment; Accurate Identification Method
Modeling and Simulation of Commuting Behavior of Urban Residents Based on Mobile Phone Data
Hao Wu, Wuhan University Zhenghong Peng, Wuhan University Lingbo Liu, Wuhan University Yang Yu, Wuhan University
Abstract The commuting of residents in big cities often brings tidal traffic pressure and causes road congestion. To address this problem, two key aspects need to be studies: one is to describe the features of residents’ commuting behavior in a relatively accurate manner; the other is to quantify the commuting behavior. Study of the first aspect has been made possible with the increasing availability and utilization of various big data for urban studies, especially location service data from mobile phones. For the second aspect, the most common approach to quantitative study is modelling and simulation. For which, the agent-based model is adopted by many researchers thanks to its bottom-up modeling approach and its global and dynamic perspective. In the present 77 study, the Baishazhou Area of Wuhan city is used as the case. First, residents' travel units are identified and used as the operating environment for the model along with the existing city road network. Then, mobile phone call data, spatial location data of base stations are used to acquire travel data of residents at four times periods on workday mornings which are subsequently imported into the model for simulation. The results show that the simulation of resident commuting behavior based on mobile phone data and the agent-based model can effectively simulate traffic conditions of road intersections, and the planning strategy for traffic optimization based on simulation results can also be validated in the model. Key Words Mobile Phone Data; Residents Commuting Behavior; Agent-based Model; Urban Planning; Traffic Congestion
The Orientation Path and Content of Spatial Planning at Cities and Counties Scale
Mengyao Hong, Wuhan University Junnan Xia, Wuhan University Wei Wei, Wuhan University
Abstract As a result of Promoting Ecological Progress, China proposed that all kinds of spatial planning should be co-ordinated based on the “Major Function Oriented Zoning“(MFOZ hereafter) and the strategic plan of "Multiple Plans Integration" be deepened to form a complete planning system composed of national, provincial and county-level spatial planning，which will enhance the capacity and efficiency of national land and space governance. As an important starting point for optimizing the pattern of land development, the county-level spatial planning not only serves as the foundation for regional development but also shoulders the important function of linking and accurately landing the spatial plan. This article will discuss the planning status, the main content, the key points and the planning achievements of the spatial planning work of cities and counties focusing on "one planning", "one blueprint", "one system", "one set of procedures" and "one platform" in order to provide reference for other scholars to further study the improvement of China's space planning system and to guide the practice of specific planning. Key Words Spatial Planning; City and County Scale; MFOZ; Planning System
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Polycentric Structure and Economic Performance of Six City Clusters in Middle Region of China
Xiaobo Zhang, Wuhan University Chengli Li, Wuhan University Lei Wang, Wuhan University
Abstract Middle Region of China has become the second largest populated area in China and is experiencing a period of rapid urbanization.A large number of population and industries are flowing into this area. It is, therefore, urgent to guide the effective allocation of population and production factors among the cities to enable them to become effective engines for steady economic growth.This paper uses rank-size rule and index of spatial dispersion of industries to measure the spatial distribution of population and industries of six city clusters in Middle Region of China.Then the paper analyzes the economic performance of these spatial structures. The results indicates that:(1) after controlling other influencing factors, the influence of the spatial structure of population on the economic growth follows an inverted U-curve that transforming from single-center to Polycentric.Specifically,the population of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Metropolitan Area, Jianghuai Metropolitan Area and Central Plains Metropolitan Area are moving into local central cities.In this stage,the single central structure realizes the economy of scale and agglomeration economy.Because of population pressure and congestion costs ， the population of Wuhan Metropolitan Area, the Poyang Lake Metropolitan Area and Taiyuan Metropolitan Area are flowing outward from the central cities and they are evolving a polycentric strcture.(2)The industry spatial agglomeration has a positive effect on the economic growth. (3)The SP index of all city clusters in Middle Region of China increasing at different rates indicates that all city clusters are developing to a polycentric structure gradually. Key Words Multi-center; Population Distribution; Industrial Spatial Distribution; Economic Performance; Central Area
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How Planning Ideas Transformed in Policy Transfer - a Case Study of Eco-City
Yiqi Yu, Wuhan Planning and Design Institute Yue Zheng, Wuhan Planning and Design Institute
Abstract The planning ideas are likely adapted and transformed when they travel from one context to another since the success of these ideas are strongly marked by the unique local context. This paper takes eco-city as an example to illustrate the different understanding of eco-city between West and China, the significance of policy transfer agents and unique context in planning ideas circulation. The result shows that the top down planning system and the fact that local authorities consider the eco-city as an entrepreneurial land development projects result in the different practices of eco-town between West and China in terms of the scope of content, the location and scale of projects. Key Words Policy Transfer; Eco-city; Policy Transfer Agents; Planning Context
The Role of Planning System in Sustainable Environmental Development: A Case Study of the Guangzhou MSW Incinerator Opposition Incident
Yue Zheng, Wuhan Planning and Design Institute Yiqi Yu, Wuhan Planning and Design Institute
Abstract While sustainable cities have widely been adopted in planning discourses as a desirable goal both in developed and developing countries, the role of the planning system and planners in promoting sustainable development remains undefined. This paper aims to discuss this by investigating the conflicted planning process of an MSW incinerator project in Guangzhou in which the rationality of planning decision and the stance of planners are doubted and challenged by the local citizens. The result of analysis indicates that planning system could only play a visionary and proactive role by integrated with other policy sectors especially when it comes to policy enforcement. Nevertheless, planners should not neglect to question the pro-growth political wills and provide innovative and practical planning interventions from a technologically neutral perspective to approach sustainable urbanization. Key Words Sustainable Development; Municipal Solid Waste; Role of Planning
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Data Augmented Design: Embracing New Data for Urban Planning & Design
Enjia Zhang, Tsinghua University Ying Long, Tsinghua University
Abstract The emerging new data environment formed by big data and open data has provided a lens for describing and understanding the entangling urban physical and social space in a more detailed and in-depth manner. Since 2010, more than a dozen new labs, departments and schools have been established to apply new data in urban planning and design from various aspects. In such a background, Long and Shen have proposed a new planning and design methodology termed Data Augmented Design (DAD) in 2015 to highlight data (science) in design. Empowered by emerging big and open urban data, together with quantitative spatial analysis and statistical approaches and cutting edge techniques like artificial intelligence, DAD provides a supporting platform for the whole planning and design process, ranging from field investigation, existing condition analysis, future forecasting, scheme design, operation evaluation and feedback. It is hoped that the application of DAD in planning and design practice could improve the scientific level of planning and design, and could inspire the creativity of planners and designers (Long and Shen, 2015). To some extent, DAD has great potential to contribute to smart city for their close relation. The data generated by advanced technology in smart city can provide support for DAD research. Meanwhile, the design of DAD will combine the development of smart city, take full account of the form of the future city, and promote smart infrastructure construction and sensor application. This paper will discuss the main body of DAD and review its various applications in academic research, planning & design practice and education in the recent several years. For academic research, DAD can expand the perspective on observing and understanding cities, which can be applied for urban expansion- oriented and redevelopment- oriented planning and design. For planning & design practice, there are mainly three forms of typical applications of DAD- understanding the elements of the site, learning from other excellent cases and embracing the most advanced technology and the next form of built environment to better design the site. For education, DAD has been introduced into several courses in Department of Urban Planning, Tsinghua University. The spirit of DAD in these courses is being expected to informing students focusing more on data in designs. With the progress of DAD made, we have received more and more attention from researchers in the planning and design domain. In the close future, the DAD research network will be improved, and annual DAD conference will be continually held to systematically review the annual 81 achievements of DAD in academic research, planning & design practice and education, and find solutions to the problems in current urban planning work. We believe that DAD has great potential in versing data in planning and design, and in contributing to smart city. Key Words New Data Environment; Data Science; DAD; Applications; Smart City
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Topic13：中文会场
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从纵向到横向:农村籍大学生的相对剥夺感探究
翁堂梅，上海大学
Abstract 在城乡二元结构背景下，农村人口大量向城市涌进，这一具有流动性的人口除了数量庞大、 知识储备不足的农民工以外，还有农村户籍的大学生群体。该群体从知识储备量上来说是大 学生，但从制度身份上来说仍属于农民，相比之下的弱势地位所引起的心理上的剥夺状态应 该引起关注。社会学领域根据相对剥夺感产生的原因不同将其分为横向相对剥夺感和纵向相 对剥夺感，在农村户籍大学生脱离乡土社会，融入城市生活的过程中，其心理融入过程中的 负面感受是本文关注的焦点，特别是在网络频频报道出大学生失范行为产生的当前。通过对 9 位农村户籍大学生的访谈与观察，本文认为，一方面，从时间上和地理位置上的变化的角 度来看，农村户籍大学生在进入大学之前价值期望不断升高，价值能力难以实现其期望诱发 纵向相对剥夺感；另一方面，进入城市之后在与城镇户籍大学生的对比之下，相对弱势地位 的凸显可能会激发其横向相对剥夺感。农村户籍大学生相对剥夺感的产生，在其内心的补偿 机制缺失的情景下可能会诱发校园失范行为。 Key Words 农村籍大学生；参照群体；价值期望；纵向相对剥夺感；横向相对；剥夺感
老年流动人口的医疗保障和卫生服务利用
张国英，华南师范大学
Abstract 随着中国经济的迅猛发展和城市化，人口迁移也从劳动力流动转变为子女和老人的举家迁 移。流动老年人口的核心生活内容是如何养老，而养老最担心的则是医疗问题。那么，流动 老年人口的健康状况如何，有没有医疗保险和经济收入，卫生服务利用情况如何？运用 2015 年国家流动人口监测调查数据，根据卫生服务利用的相关理论，本文尝试回答上述问题。 2015 年国家流动人口监测调查对老年人口进行了专题调查，在输入地共访问了 13043 个迁 移家庭的流动老年人口（年龄大于等于 60 岁）。初步分析结果表明，老年人口流动的主要原 因是养老、照顾孙辈和务工经商，分别占受访者的 32.08%、23.96%和 23.40%；最主要的经 济来源是离退休金/养老金、家庭其他成员和劳动收入，分别占受访者的 34.27%、33.06%和 22.08%；主要购买了新型农村合作医疗、城镇职工医疗保险和城镇居民医疗保险，分别占受 访者的 51.34%、18.55%和 8.52%；7.80%的受访者没有购买任何医疗保险，略高于官方公布 的 5%未参保率（基本医疗保险参保率 95%以上）；主要在流出地购买基本医疗保险，占受访 者的 87.76%；身体健康状况为健康、基本健康、“不健康，但生活能自理”、生活不能自理的
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受访者，分别占总受访者的 45.16%、43.92%、9.45%、1.46%；平常生小病时，主要是去看医 生和在本地找/买药或自我治疗，分别占受访者的 45.50%和 51.84%。大量的自我药疗行为， 可能与中医药观念和“久病成医”有关；有 8.04%的受访者过去一年曾经住院；应住院而未 住院的受访者占医生诊断需住院受访者的 18.24%，主要原因是本人/家人觉得没必要、报销 不方便和经济困难，分别占 40.17%、11.97%、22.22%。 Key Words 老年流动人口; 医疗保障；卫生服务利用
上海市医务社工介入临终关怀跨学科合作构建的实证研究—以普陀区 A 社区医 院为例
陶秋荣，上海大学社会学院 程明明，上海大学社会学院
Abstract 上海正面临着人口快速老龄化及肿瘤死亡率日益增高的局面，与此同时，临终关怀需求量也 逐步加大。为解决这一需求，近年来上海市社区卫生服务中心临终关怀服务在政府扶持下迅 速发展，当前上海市的临终关怀跨学科团队组成以医生护士为主。另一方面，医务社会工作 者的介入对于临终关怀服务质量的提升，尤其是协助开展以患者为核心的“身心社灵”关怀 模式具有重要意义。上海社区医院的临终关怀部门目前处于纳入医务社工的探索阶段。因此， 本研究的借助跨学科合作模型，致力于探索在社区医院，医务社工如何融入临终关怀跨学科 团队，如何认识到其加入后的作用以及如何利用自身专业开展并促进跨学科合作及提升团队 效率。为达成此目标，社工扎根上海市普陀区某社区医院，构建包含医生、护士、医务社工 及心理咨询师在内的新跨学科团队，开展基于跨学科协作模型的合作研究。此外，用 Sontag 的团队功能量表进行前测后测，结合焦点小组及一对一访谈，分析医务社工加入后的团队合 作成效。本研究发现，跨学科团队模型具有较高的适用性，同时，医务社工的加入后的跨学 科团队初步实现提供相对完整的身心社灵全人关怀服务，患者及家庭的满意度有所上升；此 外，团队的合作效率也有显著提升，合作进程更加顺畅，团队合作满意度明显上升。 Key Words 医务社工；跨学科团队合作；临终关怀；社区医院
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新型城镇化背景下流动特征与农民工回流意愿的关系研究
谢永飞，南昌大学 李红娟，国家卫生和计划生育委员会流动人口服务中心 陈志光，北京市委党校社会学教研部
Abstract 论文使用 2016 年流动人口动态监测调查数据，借助多分类 Logistic 模型分析方法，从是否 回流、回流时间和回流空间三个维度探讨了当前我国农民工回流意愿的现状以及流动特征与 回流意愿的关系。研究发现，农民工的回流意愿较弱。农民工的回流地域呈现“原居地、乡 镇政府所在地、区县政府所在地”的多样性和分散性特征。模型结果显示，流动范围、流动 时间、流动模式、是否有留守子女显著影响农民工的回流意愿。具体而言，跨省流动、在流 入地居住时间短、单独流动、有留守子女的农民工的回流意愿强，打算回原居地的概率高。 Key Words 新型城镇化；农民工；回流意愿；流动特征
景德镇陶瓷产业集聚下的从业者
杨舸，江西省社会科学院
Abstract The change process of Jingdezhen Potter identity through research shows that since the reform, the relationship between state and market, class. From the end of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the Jingdezhen of the handicraft industry continued the industrial pattern and identity of the "eight craftsmen and the power of the world". After the establishment of the handicraft industry after the founding of the new China, the original handicraftsmen became the ruling class, the working class, through the replacement of the industry. The unique national asylum of the ceramic industry has raised the identity of the workers, and the state has laid the foundation of the economy. After thirty years, the collapse of the organizational form of enterprise bankruptcy makes working-class status declined sharply. After that, the "Jingpiao" and the master of the ceramics from the industry will never resume the position of the working class in the economic era. Key Words 景德镇； 陶工； 景漂 ；工人阶级
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邻里关系对大城市流动人口主观幸福感的影响
刘于琪，伦敦大学学院 田嘉玥，中山大学 刘晔，中山大学
Abstract 新型城镇化的关键是城镇化质量的提升，人民生活质量水平已成为城镇化质量评价的重要指 标。作为城镇化的主力军，流动人口的幸福感备受关注。越来越多的学者开始关注社会纽带 对城市流动人口主观幸福感的影响，但鲜有研究基于 Cohen 的缓冲效应理论，揭示邻里关系 影响流动人口幸福感的机制和路径。本文基于广州市 23 个社区 1064 份问卷调查数据，采用 多层线性回归模型和中介效应分析，揭示邻里关系对流动人口主观幸福感的影响机制。研究 发现：流动人口的幸福感与所在社区邻里关系的强度呈显著正相关，与邻里剥夺指数呈显著 负相关；没有证据表明，邻里剥夺指数与流动人口幸福感的关系随邻里关系的强弱会有所变 化。因此，和睦的邻里关系能够直接提升流动人口的幸福感（即存在邻里关系的直接效应）， 但未必能够缓解地区贫困等环境压力对其幸福感所带来的负面影响（即未必存在邻里关系的 缓冲效应）。 Key Words 流动人口；主观幸福感；邻里交往；缓冲效应；邻里剥夺
当城里人被迫住在城郊——郊区高中陪读社区特征研究
牛强，武汉大学 马煜箫，武汉大学 Abstract 现代中国社会，随着家长对教育重视程度的不断提升，陪读成为众多家庭共同的选择。陪读 人群人数众多、流动性强、长期存在并且难以得到关注，在社区中处于较弱势地位，被迫的 接受着较差的生活环境；与此同时，随着城市的快速发展，众多高中选择在郊区建设新校区 以改善教学环境，郊区相对落后的条件使陪读人群的生存条件进一步恶化。 本研究以华中师范大学第一附属中学附近的社区空间和陪读群体为例，探讨了陪读人群 的生存特征，并结合陪读社区的演变过程、环境和陪读人群的行为特征深入分析了造成陪读 人群较差生存状态的原因。 研究发现：陪读人群流动性强，多为陪读者的母亲或祖父母，以租住为主，住房条件简 陋；日常活动围绕被陪读者展开，空闲时间多、心理压力大、就业率极低；互相之间可以快
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速形成紧密易断的关系；社区管理参与度低，无论是消费还是社区生活方面都处于明显的弱 势地位。本研究在城市发展注重共享和品质的当下，为理解陪读人群这类以租房为主的高流 动性人群的需求，思考缓解供需矛盾、提升生活品质的方法带来了启示，也可进一步分析揭 示以租赁为主的社区特征、居民高流动性社区的公共服务提供问题，从而发现相关政策的错 位点。 Key Words 高中郊区化；陪读社区；生存状态；供需矛盾；形成机制
子女随迁对流动人口职住空间的影响——以广州为例
文萍，中山大学 周素红，中山大学 Abstract: 当前国内流动人口进入城市的主要目的之一是为了寻找更好的就业机会和更高的收入，因 此，流动人口在城市的生活空间也主要围绕居住地和就业地展开。同时，由于个人能力和制 度性排斥的影响，流动人口在城市的生存状态表现出较大的不确定性和不稳定性，其居住空 间除了表现出明显的聚居特征，也与就业空间存在紧密联系。流动人口在城市以租房为主， 在就业地周边有合适的廉价住房供给的情况下，为了节省出行成本，倾向于在就业地周边租 房居住；当由于各种市场或政策原因，就业地周边没有合适的住房供给时，流动人口只好向 更大空间范围寻找住房，并承担长距离通勤的负担。 近年来，人口流动的家庭化趋势越来越明显，夫妻双方在城市落脚后，会考虑将未成年 子女接到城市共同生活，甚至越来越多的流动人口子女在流入地城市出生并成长，子女随迁 越来越成为人口流动的主要趋势之一。在此背景下，流动人口对居住地的选择将考虑更多因 素。除了传统的靠近就业地和靠近同乡、同业，有利于子女养育的环境，如邻里安全性、户 外活动空间、教育医疗类公共服务资源等，也成为重要考量。 本研究以主要人口流入城市广州为例，基于 2013 年在广州市中心城区开展的城市居民 日常出行调查问卷数据，考察子女随迁对流动人口职住空间的影响。实证研究结果发现：1） 广州市流动人口平均职住距离为 2.866 公里，显著短于户籍人口的 3.794 公里，表现出明显 的近业居住特征；2）流动人口中，与配偶同住的比例达到 72.20%，与父母或/及子女同住的 比例达到 63.36%，表现出明显的家庭化趋势，其中，未成年子女同住的比例达到 44.18%， 有未成年子女的家庭子女大多随迁；3）子女随迁的流动人口，其平均职住距离为 3.545 公 里，显著长于无未成年子女同住者的 2.379 公里，接近于户籍人口的平均职住距离，而户籍 人口中，家中有无未成年子女对职住距离无显著影响，说明子女随迁的情况下，流动人口职 住空间选择的考虑因素更为复杂，并可能与户籍人口的空间选择机制趋于接近；4）对流动 人口职住距离取对数并进行多元线性回归，发现其职住距离随年龄增大先增大后减小，居穗 时间越长职住距离也越长，大专及以上文化程度者的职住距离显著长于低学历者，在企事业 88
单位就业者的职住距离显著长于个体户等非正规就业者，家庭收入越高者职住距离也越长， 住在自有住房者的职住距离显著长于租房居住者，而在控制以上因素后，与未成年子女同住 的流动人口平均职住距离仍长于无未成年子女同住者，但在统计上已经不显著；5）尽管回 归结果显示，与未成年子女同住可能并不是流动人口职住距离增长的根本原因，个人和家庭 综合能力的提升才是流动人口将子女带到流入地共同生活并且摆脱近业居住束缚的根源所 在，但问卷调查结果仍表明，在子女随迁的情况下，流动人口在进行居住地选择时将更多地 考虑子女上学和社区环境等与子女养育密切相关的影响因素。 Keywords: 流动人口; 子女随迁; 职住空间; 广州
日本早期社区的适老更新问题观察——以户山住宅团地为例
任亚鹏，武汉大学 王江萍，武汉大学
Abstract： 伴随着老龄化凸显的社会问题，老旧社区的适老更新日渐成为热点。以建于 70 年代的日本 东京户山团地为例，观察在其适老更新过程中当局政府对建筑本体改造所使用的方式、办法。 以及在此之后，日本各界为解决该社区居民交流缺失等问题所给予的改进策略。从而得出老 旧社区适老更新需从功能性与社会性两个层面出发，在硬件设施的改造中既要做到提升居住 环境，还须注重育成社区活力的结论。并为我国的相关课题提供参考 Key Words 老旧社区；适老更新；社区活力；户山团地
一次性的永续商品化——上海东滩生态城市的乌托邦实践
周勇，台湾大学
Abstract 近年来，生态城市成为全球性的举措。本文重点是在讨论生态城市运动在中国的建设及演变， 特别是在生态资源优越地区之实践。过去许多文献强调生态城市的目的就是为了永续发展。 在生态现代化的空间实践中，西方呈现以较慢的建设速度却长期更生态的样貌，以绿色技术 为导向的技术都市发展策略，然而，中国生态城市的建设运动则出现「生态城市」之名快速 建设却不永续发展的现象。基于此，本文从政治经济学的取经出发，采用质性研究的方法，
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选取上海东滩生态城作为案例分析，透过梳理东滩生态城市的规划设计与建设过程，分析不 同行动者的动机与实际措施。本文发现，透过国际行动者的介入而赢得国家的政治优先权， 以及国外的投资，是地方的试点性生态城市建设项目，能否快速建设推动的关键。接着，本 文分析东滩生态城市在规划理念与现实实践中的差异性，批判性讨论「生态城市作为生态技 术的飞地」，因为被生态城市建设和地方政府政绩考核体制结合的都市开发策略所绑架，使 得东滩生态城沦为绿色房地产开发。然而，大量建设、轻视自然的生态系统的实践，从根本 上造成生态城市的不永续发展、区域生态的一次性消耗。 Key Words 技术都市；生态城市；东滩；永续商品化
互联网：乡村城镇化的新动力——淘宝村福州建平村的个案研究
曾献君，福建工程学院 陈旭，福建工程学院
Abstract 近年来，淘宝村数量的快速增长意味互联网已成为我国乡村城镇化不可忽视的一种新动力。 现有淘宝村的研究可划分为宏观空间特征规律和个体案例发展演变过程分析两类，缺乏对更 深层次理论与存在问题方面的思考与探讨。本文采用实地调查、半结构式访谈、遥感地图空 间分析等方法对淘宝村（福州建平村）的工业化与城镇化发展进行综合分析，结果表明：建 平村的工业化与城镇化发展总体呈现自组织特征；互联网推动下其工业化和城镇化发展显著 加速，产业分工及其空间组织日益复杂；经济活动空间规模不断扩大，并呈现集聚和扩散并 存的特征；产业链和不同生产环节在空间上呈现不断分离重组的趋势；由于缺乏政府的引导 和管治，其城镇化发展面临产业转型升级压力、三生空间发展失控无序、现状发展同规划冲 突等问题，严重制约了淘宝村和周边地区的健康发展；最后提出了引导淘宝村发展的若干思 考。 Key Words 淘宝村；互联网；乡村城镇化；城镇化动力；福州建平村
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