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T8 – Microservices: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow 5/30/2017 1 T8 – Microservices: Yesterday, Today, and 5/30/2017 Tomorrow MICROSERVICES: YESTERDAY, OUTLINE TODAY AND TOMORROW Introduction to Monolith architecture and the problems it imposed on Nicola Dragoni, Saverio Giallorenzo, Alberto Lluch Lafuente, Manual Mazzara, software development Fabrizio Montesi, Ruslan Mustafin, Larisa Safina Evolution of microservice architecture to cope up with the problems of monolith architecture Evolution of distributed architectures By Monolith -> Object Oriented -> Component based (SOA) -> Microservices Megha G M Characteristics of microservices & its impacts on software development Sowmya V Interesting future directions of microservices Keerthanaa G S 1 2 30-05-2017 30-05-2017 INTRODUCTION – MONOLITH NEW TECHNOLOGY – MICROSERVICES Problems associated with large-scale software development were first experienced in 1960s Last decade has seen a shift towards concept of service-orientation and led Microservice – a cohesive, independent process to natural evolution of microservices interacting via messages Monolith architecture Microservice architecture – a distributed application A software application whose modules cannot be executed independently where all its modules are microservices Very difficult to use in distributed systems without specific frameworks Guideline to design and implement distributed Network Objects, RMI or CORBA might help but to a very little extent applications Issues Partition the components of a distributed application into Difficult to maintain and evolve independent entities Dependency hell – Adding or updating results in inconsistent system Programming of simple services to implement a single Small changes require rebooting the whole application functionality Limited scalability Design and develop a highly maintainable & scalable Technology lock in for developers 3 software 4 30-05-2017 30-05-2017 MICROSERVICE ARCHITECTURE AS A MICROSERVICES EXAMPLE SOLUTION TO MONOLITH Example: A functionality that plots the graph of a function Implement limited and specific set of Two microservices: Calculator and Displayer functionalities Another microservice (orchestrator): Plotter Fosters continuous integration Takes the function given by a user Changing the module doesn’t require rebooting Interacts with the Calculator to compute the graph of the function the whole application Plotter then requests the Displayer to show the result back to the user Microservices extend containerisation To illustrate how the microservice approach scales, New microservices can be built on top of this whenever required Scaling Add mathematical elementary & special functions using Calculator as No lock-in to specific technology orchestrator 5 6 30-05-2017 30-05-2017 1 T8 – Microservices: Yesterday, Today, and 5/30/2017 Tomorrow EVOLUTION OF MICROSERVICES (1/5) EVOLUTION OF MICROSERVICES (2/5) YESTERDAY YESTERDAY 1980’s – integration of design & development made it hard to find a clear Benefits of SOC distinction between them Dynamism 1990’s – Object-oriented software – “patterns” Modularity & reuse Example : Model View Controller(MVC) Distributed development Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) – Component-based software engineering Integration of heterogeneous and legacy system (CBSE) Second generation of services Services offers functionalities to other components, accessible via message passing The first “generation” of service-oriented architectures (SOA) was difficult to adopt due its vague requirements like discoverability and service contracts Microservices – the second iteration of the concept of SOA and SOC. 7 8 30-05-2017 30-05-2017 EVOLUTION OF MICROSERVICES (3/5) EVOLUTION OF MICROSERVICES (4/5) TODAY TODAY Microservices, a new trend in software architecture Team Composition of small services, 1968 - Melvin Conway – design is a copy of the organization's communication patterns Introduced in 2011 Organize cross-functional teams around services Fine grained SOA (Netflix) Amazon CTO Werner Vogels – “you build, you run it” principle Characteristics Total automation – Continuous integration, independent deployment, beneficial in Size – Service maintainability and extendability rapidly changing business environments Bounded context – Related functionalities are combined into services Choreography over orchestration Independency – Services are operationally independent Orchestration – requires a conductor Modularity – System provides Isolation of different functionalities Choreography – decentralized Flexibility – System supports growing business needs Impact on quality and management Evolution – System stays maintainable with changes 9 Availability, Reliability, Maintainability, Performance, Security, Testability 10 30-05-2017 30-05-2017 EVOLUTION OF MICROSERVICES (5/5) AUTHOR’S CONCLUSION TOMORROW New issues posed by microservices Dependability – building dependable systems with microservices Microservices architecture gained popularity recently both in academia and in the industrial world Interfaces – need to specify formal message specifications between services Behavioural Specifications – To check that the services have compatible actions Still in its infancy and still there is a lack of agreement on what Choreographies – a possible future, still unclear in so many aspects microservices actually are Moving Fast with Solid Foundations – start from scratch or reuse existing results? Few authors presented a revolutionary perspective to Trust and Security microservices, the author here has given an evolutionary Greater Surface Attack Area perspective Network Complexity No comprehensive collection of documentation in this field Trust Heterogeneity 11 12 30-05-2017 30-05-2017 2 T8 – Microservices: Yesterday, Today, and 5/30/2017 Tomorrow CRITIQUE: STRENGTHS CRITIQUE: WEAKNESSES Modularity – easy for bug-fixing Challenges in Microservice architecture Continuous integration Developing distributed systems can be complex Short re-deployment downtimes Multiple databases and transaction management can be painful Containerization Unavailability of an individual service can hinder the performance of the system Scaling Integration testing is cumbersome as the system size grows No technology lock-in In-memory calls perform better compared to network message passing Brings measurable cost savings in both time and speed to market Deploying microservices can be complex. They may need coordination among multiple Agility services Efficiency Migration towards microservices involves major back-end refactoring for most companies Resiliency Revenue 13 14 30-05-2017 30-05-2017 CRITIQUE: WEAKNESSES CRITIQUE: EVALUATION About the paper Security challenges Survey paper submitted by Cornell University in June 2016 Authentication is necessary in 3rd party services Cited more than 30 times The architecture is exposed to attacks Explains the practical difficulties faced by developers in a Monolith architecture & introduces microservices and explains how it resolves the issues Involves complex network activity Provides an evolutionary perspective to this technology Attack on one microservice can bring down the application Provides a clear distinction between different technologies that led to No common security infrastructure for heterogeneous systems microservices from the scratch Paper acknowledges some of the challenges of microservices but there are not a lot of solutions to these pitfalls The architectural details and cost details of the microservices are outside the scope of this paper 15 16 30-05-2017 30-05-2017 FUTURE WORKS GAPS Tools are needed For formally specifying message types for data exchange Constraints and limitations which are not discussed by the author To provide guaranteed compatibility of services Microservices architecture is not suitable for everybody More research contributions are necessary in the domain of the actor model and software agents For many organizations, a well-functioning microservice architecture may be difficult to reach It is unclear how choreographies can be combined with flexible deployment models where nodes may be replicated or fail at runtime Microservices don't necessarily mesh well with DevOps environments Security against attacks Microservices have a promising future with respect to IoT 17 18 30-05-2017 30-05-2017 3 T8 – Microservices: Yesterday, Today, and 5/30/2017 Tomorrow THANK YOU! QUESTIONS? 19 20 30-05-2017 30-05-2017 4.
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