The Cladoceran fauta of Niger& : A checklist, review of literature and distribution (1)

Cecilia Y. JE.JE (2)

A siudy based on 623 samples collected from 145 locations between 1971 and 1981 from a variefy of Nigerian freshwater habifafs in Nigeria yielded 61 species and 1 subspecies of Cladocera from 31 genera. This represenls Ihe largest numbers and taxa of the group identified fo date from Nigerian freshwater sysfems; 3.2 are new records for Nigeria and 4 nerv records for Africa. These are Ilyocryptus verrucosus, Chydorus reticulatus, Camptocercus lilljeborgi dadayi 22 Leydigia leydigi. The occurence of species in various habitai types is discussed. The study also indicates close faunal links between Africa and Soufh America.

KEY WORD~ : Zooplankt,on - Cladocera - West Africa - Nigeria.

RÉSUMÉ

LES CLADOCÈRES DU NIGERIA : MISE À JOUR DE L’INVENTAIRE ET ÉLÉMENTS DE RÉPARTITION

L’étude a porté sur 623 échanlillons collectés entre 1971 et 1981 dans 145 siations en eau douce au Nigeria. On a dénombré 61 espèces et une sous-espèce pour 31 genres de Cladoceres. Trente deux espèces sont nouvelles pour le Nigeria et 4 pour l’Afrique. Ce sont Ilyocryptus verx-ucosus, Chydorus reticulatus, Camptocercus lilljeborgi dadayi et Leydigia leydigi. La présence des espèces dans les divers habitats est discutée. Il apparaît par ailleurs des liens faunisfiques etroits entre l’Afrique et l’Amérique du Sud.

MoTs-cLÉs : Zooplancton - Cladocères - Afrique de l’Ouest - Nigeria.

INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW OF NIGERIAN with other zooplankters) in channeling primary LITERATURE production into fish production. Assessing the nu- trional value of individual species of Cladocera as Information on the systematics and dist.ribution of food for fish cari only be done when species are different species of Nigerian Cladocera is limited, correctly identified. Cladocera may also serve as even though they play an important role (together indicators of water qua1it.y (GANNON Ji STEMBERGER,

(1) Research work was carried ouf in fhe laborafory of Professor C. H. Fernando, Deparfmenf of Biology, Universify of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. (2) Depf. of Zoology, Unioersify of Ibadan, lbadan, Nigeria.

R~U. Hydrobiol. trop. 22 (1) : 3-11 (1989). 4 C. Y. JEJE

1978) and are useful in paleolimnological studies traverse Nigeria. They ident.ified 35 species of Clado- (FREY, 1959; GO~LDEN, 1968). Although their relati- cera of which 26 species wera also seen in this study. ve importance in the zooplankton may not be as Extensive work on the Çladocera has been done on high as in temyerat.e regions (BURGIS ei af., 1970, Lake Chad on the northeast,ern border of Nigeria, HIJRGIS. 1973; LEWIS, 1979) they are nevertheless of the importance of which cannot be overemphasized. importance in production. These include the works of GAUTHIER (1939), REY & The first African records of Cladocera (and Cope- ST-JEAN (196S), ROBINSON & ROBINSON (1971) and poda) were by BLANCHARD & RICHARD (1890) from LÉVÈQUE (1979). lakes in Algeria. The earliest known record of From this review of literature, it is noted that systematic work on Nigerian freshwater material very few Nigerian workers give information on the was by BHADY (1910) on some species of cyclops systematics of the Cladocera. This study therefore (Copepoda) and other Entomostraca collect.ed from represents a checklist of Nigerian Cladocera obtained northerrr Nigeria. GREEN (1962) in his work on the after a systematic study was carried out on the River Sokot,o lists the largest çhecklist of Cladocera samples used. Illustrations of whole specimens of a11 from Nigeria prier to this st,udy. He identified t,he species identified are not given in this paper as 29 species wit.h OIW new species, Alona holdeni. This definitive ident.ific.ation of sorne Cladocera cari only spec.ies bas been aincp recorded by EGBORGE (19X1) be made up to genus level with such illu&rations. from Lakr Asejire. Thereafter, detailed analysis of the valve surface and C)t.hr>rcontributions include TMEVBORE (1965) in a its posteroventral corner, antennules, ant,enna, la- checklist of the Crustacea and Rotifera in the bral plate, first leg and postabdomen must, be made EleiyelP rpservoir identifying 8 species of Cladocera for specific and or subspecific identifications. also recorded in this st,udy. EGBORGE (1972) givas a The 61 species of Cladocera identified from chc+cklist of zooplankton of the River Oshun in Nigerian zooplankton in this study belong to t.he which he identifieci 5 spec.ies, a11previously recorded families Sididae, Bosminidae, Daphniidae, Moinidae, l’y GREEN (1962). EGBORGE (1974) investigated the Macrothricidae and Chydoridae, The families Poly- fort.nightly variations in the populat,ion density of phemidae and Lept.odoridae are not represented in t he Crustacra, Rotifera, Insecta (larvae) and the tropical freshwater zooplankton, and were net found Foraminifera over a fourteen month period but lays in t.his study eit,her. 110 emphasis on the systemat.ics of various groups. GLARKE (1978) compares thr zooplankton of Lake Kain,ii and thr Rivers Niger and Swashi and MATERIALS AND WETHODS identifies 4 sprxcies of Cladocera also previously ident.ified by GREEN (19ci2). I-le observed that Lakrh From b1arc.h 1971 to March 1981, 623 samples Kainji showed much greater diversity of zooplank- were collected from 145 localities in Nigeria from a ton than the relatively unstable riverine habitat.s. variety of freshwat.er habit.at,s and coded as: (a) z4r)~~~~~ (1979) invest‘igates the circadial vertical Lakes; (b) Rivers, streams, deltas, irrigation canais; migration of zooplankt.on during homothermy and (c) Ponds; (d) Fis11 ponds; (e) Pools, ditc.hes tempora- its significanre t.o fish distribution and abundance, ry habit.ats, marshes; (c) Dam sites, reservoirs; (g) while EGBOHGE (1979) reports observations on the Habitat type unknown. SampIing localities are vertical distribution of the zooplankton in Lake shown in Figure 1. Asejirr. EGBOHGE & SAGAY (1979) examine the Samples were collected wit.h plankton net,s of mesh distribut.ion of phytoplankton and zooplankton in sizes 10 (157 ré-)and 25 (64 p) and were immediately SOIT~~ Ibadan freshwater ecosystems without ident.i- fixed and preserved in 5y0 formalin. Sorting and fying t.hr Cladonera. EGBORGE (1981) discusses the ident,ification of specimens were done with a Wild- c:omposition, seasonal variat.ion and distribution of Leitz stereo-zoorn dissecting microscope. External zooplankton in Lake Asejire and gives 3 new records morphology of Cladocera was examined by placing a of Cladocera for Nigeria - Daphnia hyalina lacus- specimen on a slide without a caver slip in a drop of fris, Alonn karua nnd Macrothrix laticornis. glycerine, the viscosity of which made it easier to The work of DUMONT & VAN DE VELDE (1977) or1 clean off debris as well as to turn t.he specimen Cladnc~era and Conchostraca rollected by Professor around without damage. Glycerine also prevented T. MONOU in the valley of t.he River Niger during the specimen from drying out. For detailed study of Deccmber 1973 t,o January 1973, in Mali, is of great. taxonomically important parts of the Cladocera (e.g. irnport.ance to t-he knowledge of systematics of the ant.ennules, labral plate, antennas, valve reticulation Cladocrra in Nigeria as a large proportion of t.he and postabdomen), specimens were dissected with River Niger ard a major t.ribut-ary, River Berlue, fIne tungsten dissect,ing needles. They were then CLADOCERAN FAUNA OF NIGERIA

FIG. 1. - Map of Nigeria showing sampling localities. Points may represent more than one locality which are closely situated to each other Carte du Nigeria montrant les localifés échanfillonnées. Les points peuvent représenter plus d’une localifl, dans le cas où les localifës sont proches Pune de l’autre

stained with polyvinyl-lactophenol tinted with lignin REY & ST-JEAN (1968, 1969), PROSZYNÇKA (1967), pink (GRAY & WESS, 1950). Observation of the head LAMOOT (1974), DUMONT & VAN DE VELDE (1977), shield of the chydorids was often required for species DUMONT et al. (1981) and KORINEK (1984). identification and the technique employed was that Comparative material was available in the exten- of MEGARD (1965). The specimen was placed on a sive tropical zooplankton collection of Prof. depression slide and 2-3 drops of concentrated HC1 C. H. FERNANDO of the Depart.ment of Biology, was added before heating for 3-5 minutes, by which University of Waterloo, Canada. time hydrolysis was c.omplete leaving only the intact exoskeleton. This was then transferred from the acid to water and finally to a small drop of polyvinyl- RESULTS lactophenol on a glass slide for separation of t,he head shield using fine tungsten needles. Al1 the information available to date on the Illustrations were made with a Leitz camera- Cladocera of Nigerian freshwaters is summarized in lucida system at appropriate magniflcation. The Table 1. This includes former descriptions or ident,ifl- identifications and description of Cladocera were cations, habitat types when available from this based 011 the general works of FRYER (1957), study, and the sources of the descriptions. EDMONDSON (1959), FREY (1959, 1980), MANUJLOVA (1964) and FL~SSNER (1972). GO~LDEN (1968) and S~IIRNOV (1971) were used for detailed taxonomie work on the families Moinidae and Chydoridae DISCUSSION respec.tively. SIIRNOV (1976) was used for study of the Marothricidae. Papers dealing with African The Cladoceran fauna recorded from Nigeria species include RICHARD (1892), HARDING (1957), appears to contain typical t.ropical as well as

Reu. H9drobiol. lrop. 22 (1) : 3-11 (1989). TABLE 1

Habitat type : a = lakes; b = rivers, streams, deltas, irrigation canais; c = ponds: tï = fishponds ; e = pools, ditchrs, teruporary habitats, marshes: f = dam sites and resrrvoirs: g = habitat inconnu Species list of Nigerian Cladocera Type d’habitat : a = lacs; b = fleuves, delias. canaux d’irrigation; c = étangs; d = t*iviers; e = frous d’eau, fassis, habitufs temporaires, marais: f = barrages el rt%ervoirs: g = hahituf inconnu Liste des Cladocèrrs du rVigeria c; Chvdorus reticulatus Daday, 1898** - L Family :SIDIDAE San, 1865 b; 1 ‘-< Diaohanosoma excisum San, 1885 - a, b, c, 4 e, f, g ; 42,3,4.5,6,7 Chvdorus sohaericus suhaericus O.F. Müller, 1785%’ a, b, c, e, f ; 7 2 Diaahanosoma sarsi Richard, 1895’ - a, f, g ; Chvdorus sp. (formerly venticosus) Daday, 1898 - b, f; 7 22 Pseudosida bidentata Herrick, 1884* . b, f; Dadava macroos Daday, 1898* - a, b, f : 1 2 Pseudosida szalavi Daday, 1895 - g; Disoaralona rostrata Koch, 1841* - a; 7 Dunhevedia crassa King, 1853* _ b; 7 Family : DAPHNIIDAE Straus, 1820 Dunhevedia serrata Daday, 1898 - b; 337 Çeriodaohnia cornuta San, 1888 - a, b, c, 4 e, f, g ; 2,3,4,5,6,7 Eohemerooorus barroisi Richard, 1894 - a, b, f ; 77 Ceriodaohnia dubia Richard, 1894 - g; 2 Pleuroxus aduncus (Jurine, 1820) - t?; 2 Daohnia lontisaina Müller, 1785 - e; 5.7 Pleuroxos hamatus Birge, 1879* - a, f; 7 Daohnia hvalina lacustris San, 1862 - 8; 5 Pleuroxus laevis Sûrs, 1862 - a, f; A7 Scauholeberis kin& Sars, 1303* - a; 2, 7 Pleuroxus similis Vavra, lWO* - hg; 7 Simoceuhalus serrulatus Koch, 1841- a; 2.7 Pseudochvdorus elabosus Baird, 1893 - 3; 2,7 Simoceohalus vetulus Miiller, 1776 - c; 1,3,7

Familv : BOSMINIDAE Sûrs, 1865 Sub family : ALONINAE Frey, 1967 n Bosmina Ioneirostris~Müller, 1785 - a, b ; 7 Acrooerus haroae (B&d, 1835) - g; Bosminoosis deitersi Richard, 1895 _ a; ?, 4,s. 67 Alona aftïnis L.eydig, 1860 - a; t7 4 Alona cambouei Guerne and Richard, 1893* - 3; Family : MOINIDAE Goulden, 1967 Alona costata Sars, 1862 - a,b; 7 m 4 Moina micrura Kurg 1874 - a, b, c, d, e, f, g ; 4,5,6,~ Alona davidi Richard, 1895 - b; 2,537 M Moina reticulata Daday, 1905’ - f; 1 Alona eximia Kiser, 1948 - b; 2,l Moina dubia Richard, 1874 - g; 2. 3 Alonû euttata Sûrs, 1862* - a, f; 1 Moinodanhnia macleavi (King, 1853)‘. 3, b, c, 4 e, f, g ; 7 Alona holdeni Green, 1962 - g; 295 Alonû harua King, 1853 - f: 57-l Family : MACROTHRICIDAE Baird, 1843 Alona monacantha San, l!Xl* - 3, b, f ; 7 Echinisca cape& caoensis San, 1916* a,b; Alona ouadrnnrrularis O.F. Müller, 1785* _ 3; 7 Echinisca rosea Liévin, 1848’ - a, f; Alona rectaneula rectawula San, 1862’ - a, b ; 1 Echinisca triserialis Brady, 1886 - a, b, f ; 27 Alona rectangula serrata Daday, 1908’ - b, c ; 7 Grimaldina brauai Richard, 1892 - f; 2,7 Alonû verrucosa San, 1901 - f; 2.5, 7 Guernella raahaelis Richard, 1892* - b, f; 7 Camotocercus lillieborci dadavi Schoedler, 1862** a; 7 Llvocwutus spinifer Herrick, 1882 - a, f; 2>3,7 Camotocercus rectirostris Schoedler, 1862 - 2,7 Ilvocrvotus verrucosus Daday, 1905** - a, b : Eurvalona orientalis Daday, 1898 - 2,7 Macrothris eoeldi Richard, 1897 - b; 2,5,1 Graotoleberis testudinaria Fischer, 1851- 2,7 Macrothrix laticornis (Jurine, 1820) - g; 5 Indialona rlobulosa insulcata Daday, 1898 - 2,597 Macrothrix soinosa King, 1853 - a, b, f, 6 ; Kurzia loneirostris Daday, 1898 - a, b, f ; 2,4,5,7 m Fischer, 1554* - a, b ; 7 Family : CHYDORIDAE Stebbing, 1902 L.evditia nustralis Sars, 1885’ - 7 Sub family : CHYDORINAE Stebbing, 1902 Leyditia ciliata Gauthier, 1939 - 747 Alonella excisa Fischer, 1854 - 3, b, f ; 2,7 Levdieia levdiej Schoedler, 1863** - 7 Chvdorus eurvootuc Sars, 19Ol- a,f; 2,3,7 Levdieia macrodonta macrodonta Sars, 1916* - 1 Chvdorus ~>ârvusDaday, 1898* - a, b, s ; 7 Qxvurella sinealensis Daday, 1898 - 7 Chvdorus uubescens Sars, 1901* - b, f; Qxwrella ciliata Bergamin, 1939* - 7

Reference : 1 = Brady (1910); 2 = Green (1962); 3 = Imevbore (1965); 4 = Egborge (39?2); 5 = Egborge (1981); 6 = Clarke (1978) ; 7 = this study. * = new records for Nigeria ; ** = new records for Africa. Références : de 1 à 6, voir ci-dessus. ‘7 : prèsenfe étude. * = espkce nouvelle pour le Nigeria; ** = espèce nouvelle pour l’Afrique. CLADOCERAN FAUNA 0~ NIGERIA 7 cosmopolitan species. It is marked by the t,otal c.haracterized by the 2-segmented antennules with absenc.e of the families Polyphemidae, Leptodoriade t.hree groups of setae along the anterior margin, 4-6 and Holopedidae. A total of 61 cladoceran species, long lateral denticles on the postabdomen and 24-26 of which 32 are new records for Nigeria and 4 new short anal teeth. The ventral margin is not broadly records for Africa, were identi?ed in this study. This rounded, with a series of sparsely feathered setae, is compared with rec.ords of previous Nigerian decreasing in size in t.he dorsal direction, each, workers in Table 1 and represents the largest num- beginning from mid-ventral region with single, thick ber of taxa recorded from Nigeria. The total number basa1 spine (fig. 2-7). Similarly, Moina reticulata also recorded falls within the expected range of 40- originally reported from Paraguay (DAD.AY, 1905) 75 species in the tropics contrasting with the range and recorded from the Ivory Coast, West Africa of 90-100 species in a temperate area (FERNAND~, CLAMOOT, 1974) and from India (FERNANDO & 1980a). KANDURU, 1984), was identified in this study. It is The three commonest limnetic cladocera of Nige- characterised by the rounded body, distinctly reti- ria are Diaphanosoma excisum, Ceriodaphnia cornuta, culat.ed carapace; slight supraocular depression on and Moina micrura, a11 of which are eurytopic head; small ocellus, and postabdomen with triangu- species and occur in a11 7 habitat types (Table 1). lar, backwardly projecting fleshy fold behind the t,wo The occurrence of these species along with Grimaldi- feathered, natatorial setae. Another spec.ies, Campto- na brazzai, Ephemeroporus barroisi, Chydorus euryno- cerous lilljeborgi dadayi Stingelin (1913) had prior to lus, Dadaya macrops, Indialona globulosa and Eurya- this study been recorded only once from Corrientes lona orientalis are indicative of a typical tropical (Argentina) (SMIRNOV, 1971). The posterior ventral species assemblage (FERNAND~, 1980a, b). These corner of the valve is rounded with a row of minute species are also characteristic of the South East denticles; postabdomen Ver$- long, 0,85 times as long Asian faunal composition. The record of Ceriodaph- as body, narrow, tapering dlstally; claw with 3 spines nia rigaudi by EGBORGE (1951) is actually that of the on t,he concave margin, (fig. 22-25). seasonal cyclomorph of Ceriodaphnia cornula In addition, Chydorus reticulafus (fig. 8-14) is brought about. by predation pressure (ZARET, 1972). reported from Africa for the flrst time. It is identified Lakes were the most extensively sampled habitat by t,he strongly reticulated valves with hexagonal and had the most diverse fauna, with a total of markings; distmct posteriordorsal valve corner; 44 species, probably because of their stability in rounded ventral margin wit.hout denticles and roun- addition to extensive sampling. Rivers and streams ded labral p1at.e. The head shield is strongly yielded 31 species although extensively sampled. reticulated while the postabdomen possesses an This relatively high number could result from the indistinct. post-anal corner with 7-10 anal denticles slower moving regions of such rivers and streams, or on the dorsal margin, which are continuous to the from the int,erconnection of lakes and ponds with preanal corner with a series of spinules. Similarly, such water courses. This is evidenced by the Leydigia leydigi (fig. 15-21) previously recorded from occurrence of 28 species of Cladocera (GREEN, 1962) the Holoarctic and neot.ropical regions, Sumatra, in the River Sokoto where samples were taken from Australia and Europe USSR (SMIRNOV, 1971) is also the main channel of the river and a pool which recorded from Africa for t.he first time. Its characte- became isolated from the river during the dry ristic features include t,he absence of reticulation or season. lines on valve surface; posterior ventral valve margin Ponds were not well represented and hence their rounded without denticles; labral plate with undula- low species diversity is to be expected. Temporary ting surface wit.h setae of varying form; postabdomi- habitats contained 28 species, probably developed na1 claw with a small spine and lateral seta in groups from dried resistant eggs (ephippia). It: is interesting of 10-12, well developed, with distal seta largest in that males of Ilyocryptus spinifer were recorded from each group. a temporary pool at Eku- kokori (JEJE, in prep.). Temporary pools may undergo rapid and wide The record of Leydigia macrodonta macrodonta temperature fluctuations which may t.rigger this represents its second record from Africa since SARS development of males. (1916) (JEJE, in prep.). Its subspecies Leydigia This study reveals close faunal links between macrodonta louisi has been report.ed from Kenya Afric,a and South America, in addition to tropical (JENKIN, 1934). Cladoceran subspecies are distingui- Asia, and includes a few records for Africa of species shed inter alia by differences in the form and hitherto known only from South hmerica. Prior to armature of the postabdomen, the length of the t.his study, Ilyocryptus verrucosus had been reported antennules in relation to the apex of t,he rostrum. only from Paraguay (DADAY, 1905; VILLAGRA DE ‘Daphnia species are fewer (rare) in the tropics GAMUNDI, 1984; JEJE, in prep.). This spec.ies is (FERNAND~, 1980a, b). Only Daphnia longispina was

&a. Hydrohiol. hop. 22 (1) : 3-11 (1989). C. Y. JEJE

PLATE 1

FIG. 2-7. -- Ilyorryptus wrtzcosus, female : 2 = parthenogenetic female; 3 = antennule; 4 = Setae along the ventral valve margin ; 5 = set.ae along the posterior ventral valve margin ; 6 = setae along the post,erior corner of the valve magin ; 7= postabdomen llyocryptus verrucosus. femelle : 2 = femelle parthénogénétique; S = Antennule; 4 = soies le long de la marge de la valve ventrale; 5 = soies le long de la marge de la valve ventrale posfërieure; 6 = soies le long de l’angle postérieur de la marge de la valve; 7 = Posiabdomen FIG. 8-14. - Chydorus reticulatus, female : 8 = parthenogenet.ic female ; 9 = labral p1at.e ; 10 = posterior ventral margin of the valve; 11 = npper posterior dorsal margin of the valve ; 12 = valve reticulation ; 13 = head shield ; 14 = postabdomen Chydorus reticulat.us, femelle : S = femelle parthénogénétique; 9 = lèvre supérieure; 10 = marge venfrak posférieure de la valve; 11 = marge dorsale posiéro-supérieure de la valve; 12 = réticulation de la ualoe; 13 = casque; Id = posfahdotnen CLADOCERAN FAUNA OF NIGERIA 9

PLATE 2

i 16

FIG. 15-21. - Leydigia leydigi, female : 15 = parthenogenetic female; 16 = posterior ventral margin of the valve; 17 = labral plate; 18-21 = postabdomen 1Y = lèvre supérieure; B-21 = Leydigia leydigi, femelle : 15 = f emelle parthénogénéfique; 16 = marge ventrale postérieure de la valve; postabdomen FIG. 22-25. - Camptocercus lilljeborgi dadayi, female : 22 = part.henogenetic female ; 23 = posterior venlxal margin of the valve ; 24 = labral plate ; 25 = postabdomen Campt,ocercus lilljéborgi dadagi, femelle : 22 = femelle parfhénogénélique; 23 = marge ventrale postérieure de fa valve; 24 = la lèvre supérieure; 25 = postabdomen 10 C. Y. JEJE ident,iAed in t-bis study. 25 species are considered as ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS heing rare (limit,ed to one or two habitat types; I am grateful to t,he following for providing most of t.he Tahlfh 1). This rarity may he due in some casesto lack samples wit.h which this study was carried out: Prof. of intensive or inefficient. sampling techniques. J. B. AWACHIE, Depart,ment, of Zoology, University of Nige- However, some species are ext.remely short-lived and ria, Nsukka; Dr. Bruce POWELL, Biology Department, Univer- sit.y of PortrHarcourt., Nigeria; Dr. C. TUDERANCEA, formerly with high tropical t,emperat.ures are unlikely to he of the Department. of Zoology University of Nigeria; coll~~ted unless intensive sampling occurs throug- Dr. Reginald VICTOR, Biology Depart,ment, University of hout. t.hr year. Benin, Nigeria and A. ADESANYA, Fisheries Division Ogun Litt.le is also known ahout the competitive interac- State, Nigeria. t-ions among species that allow coexis’cence in one 1 acknowledge t.he guidance and generous provision of water hody and exclusion in another. As knowledge laboratory space by Prof. C. H. FERNAND~, Biology Depart- on t.he physiology and ecology of individual species ment, University of Wat.erloo, Ontario, Canada in addit,ion to ia acquired, these int,eractions Will he better unders- critical review of t.he manuscript. 1 am also grateful to Prof. tood and will give a more valuahle insight into the H. B. N. HYNES and Ranjani RAJAPAKSA for careful review of composition and distribution of Nigerian zooplank- the original manuscript and various suggestions. ton. Manuserif accepté par le Comité de Rédaction le 15 novembre 1988

NEFEHENCES

A~ENIJI (I-I. A.), 1979. - Circadial vertical migration of DUMONT (H. J.), PENSAERT J.), VAN DE VELDE (I.), 1981. - zooplankton during homothermy and its significance to The Crustacean zoopIankt,on of Mali (West Africa). fish distribution and abundance in Kainji Lake, Nige- Faunal composit.ion, community st.ructure and biogeo- ria. F+oc. Inf. Conf. Kainji Lake dl River Basins graphy, wit.h a note on the water chemistry of the lakes developmenf in nfrica. Ibadan 11-17 Dec. 19YY., 1 : 203- of the interna] deltaa of the River Niger. Hydrobiol. 2OT. 80 (2) : 161-187.

RLANCHARD (R.), RICHARD (J.), 1890. - Sur les Crustacés de EDMONDSON (W. T.), 1959. - Revision of Ward H. B. & sebkhas et des ch0tt.s d’Algérie (1). BuMefin de ZQ soeiéfé Wbipple G. CI. Freshwat.er Biology 2nd. Edn. John Wi- zoologique de France 16 : 136-138. ley & Sons : 1-1248.

RHADY (G. S.), 1910. - On some species of Cyclops and other EGBORGE (A. B. N.), 1972. - A preliminary checklist of the Entomostraca collected by Dr. J. M. Dalziel in nor- zooplanktonic organisms of tbe River Oshun in the t.hern Nigeria. Ann. Trop. Med. & Parasitol., 4 : 239- Western Stat.e of Nigeria. Nig. J. Sci. 6 (1) : 67-71. 251. EGBORGE (A. B. N.), 1974. - Plankton of the River Oshun, Nigeria : IV. The Seasonal variation and distribution of BURGIS (M. J.), DUNN (1. G.), GANF (G. G.), MCGOWAN (L. M.), VINER (A. B.), 1970. Lake George, Uganda. Studies on the zooplankton. J. W. Afr. SC. Ass. 19 (1) : 39-53. a t,ropical freshwater ecosystem. Inlerim report of the EGRORGE (A. B. N.), 1979. - Observat,ions on t,he vertical IRI?-Royal Sociely, ilfrican Freshwaler Biological Team : distribution of the zooplankton in the lake hsejire - A I-14. new impoundment. in Nigeria. Proc. Int. Conf. Kainji Lake and River Basins development in Africa, Ibadan ll- B~~R~;IS (M. J.), 1973. - Observations on the Cladocera of 1Y Dec. 1977. 1 : 208-218. Lake George, Uganda. J. ZOO~. Lond. 170 : 339-349. EGBORGE (A. B. N.), 1981. - The composition, seasonal CLARKE (N. V.), 1978. - A comparison of the zooplankton of variation and distribution of zooplankton in Lake Lake Kainji and of the Rivers Niger and Swashi. Asejire, Nigeria Rev. ZOO~. Afr. 95 (1) : 136-179. Hydrobiol. 58 (1) : 17-23. EGRORGE (A. B. N.), SAGAY (E. G.), 1979. - The distribution DAT)A~ CE.), 1906. - Untersuchungen über die süliwasser of phytoplankton and zooplankton in some Ibadan Mikro-fauna Paraguays. Zoologica Heft 44, Band 3-6 : freshwater ecosystem. Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 26 (3) : 323- l-374 (Macrothricidae : 189-195, pl. XII). 335.

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Rtw. Hydrohinl. trop. 22 (1) : 3-11 (1989). CLADOCERAN FAUNA OF NIGERIA II

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