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Battery of Tests for Evaluation Level of Motor Abilities in High Advanced Wrestlers from Perspective of 32 Years of Using in Practice

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Battery of Tests for Evaluation Level of Motor Abilities in High Advanced Wrestlers from Perspective of 32 Years of Using in Practice ORIGINAL ARTICLE SCIENCE OF MARTIAL ARTS Battery of tests for evaluation level of motor abilities in high advanced wrestlers from perspective of 32 years of using in practice Authors’ Contribution: Włodzimierz Starosta1ABDE, Mario Baić 2ACDE A Study Design B Data Collection 1 Institute of Sport, Warsaw, Poland C Statistical Analysis 2 Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia D Manuscript Preparation E Funds Collection Source of support: Departmental sources Received: 25 June 2013; Accepted: 09 February 2015; Published online: 22 December 2015 ICID: 11057 Abstract Background & Study Aim: Level of motor abilities is the foundation of all kinds of training preparation wrestlers to competition. The low lev- el of motor abilities may be cause of an imperfect technique, and this may results in an ineffective tactic. Therefore, generally aim of the work is a scientific argumentation justifying the use of recommended battery of tests in prac- tice of wrestling training. Material & Methods: Material was collected during 18 investigations 3 days sessions on 524 high advanced wrestlers (freestyle and Greco- Roman) of all weight categories and level of sport class. In all this investigations the method was own authors W. Starosta and J. Tracewski battery of 23 tests for an evaluation in points of the level of each motor abilities. Results: A “T” scale enabling the transfer into points of results collected in different measuring units (kg, cm, s, degrees, num- ber of repetitions) was elaborated. The use of this method for many years in the training of wrestlers of various levels of advancement, made it possible to work out standard indexes allowing for an evaluation in points of the level of each motor ability. Level of coordination had a considerable share (in seniors 28.6%, in juniors and cadets 52.2%). Conclusions: Applying a battery of tests as an objective method enabled an evaluation of the level of each particular motor abil- ity of the national team wrestlers in freestyle and Greco-Roman style in their long-term training cycle, as well as at various training periods. Key words: coordination motor abilities • freestyle • Greco-Roman style • Polish national team • station method Author’s address: Włodzimierz Starosta, International Association of Sport Kinetics, Warsaw, Trylogii Street 2/16, 01-982 Warsaw, Poland, e-mail: [email protected] © ARCHIVES OF BUDO SCIENCE OF MARTIAL ARTS AND EXTREME SPORTS 2015 | VOLUME 11 | 213 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. Original Article | Science of Martial Arts Motor preparation of athletes – INTRODUCTION subsequent success of Polish wrestlers (in the most of consist from two parts: physical abilities and coordination The level of motor abilities is the foundation of all medals: 5 Olympic medals in Atlanta 1996, 3 gold), abilities. In many international kinds of training preparation wrestlers to competi- lead us to the conclusion that the Polish battery of tests was only the first which give only part information about tion. An inadequate foundation causes rocking of the tests confirmed its validity in practice which was not level of athletes preparation. In whole “edifice” of the athletes preparation. Then, at find in wrestling until now. Only, from the perspec- this paper is presented a battery of tests which give a possibilities a certain stage of the competitor’s training, his techni- tive of the last 32 years, one can assess how important to control both part of level full cal, tactical, psychological and other preparation, may and valuable has this departure been. It is regretta- motor preparation of junior and senior wrestlers and a new way be “shaken”. The low level of motor abilities may be ble it applied in Poland and partially in some other for elaboration a battery of test cause of an imperfect technique, and this may results countries (last 13 years in Croatia [4-8]) and only to for different sports. in an ineffective tactic. Hence, neglect on one of the wrestling! Abilities (motor abilities) – floors of the “edifice” results in the lowering of the Stable, enduring traits that, for the most part, are genetically level on higher floors. Though all these preparations Therefore, generally aim of the work is a scientific determined and that underlie are interdependent as far condition are concerned, the argumentation justifying the use of recommended bat- a person’s skill in a variety of tasks. People differ with respect importance of the level of motor abilities is out- tery of tests in practice of wrestling training. to their patterns of strong and standing in the long-term preparation of the ath- weak abilities, resulting in differences in their levels of lete, regardless of the sport discipline. skill [24]. MATERIAL AND METHODS The fact was admitted many years ago, thus so much Participants Coordination motor abilities – psychomotor properties that attention was devoted to various component of the Material was collected during 18 investigations define the readiness to control wrestler’s motor abilities [1]. In the vast majority of 3 days sessions on 524 high advanced wrestlers and regulate motor activities in an optimal way. the publications, as well as during the training, much (freestyle and Greco-Roman) of all weight catego- more attention was devoted to physical abilities rather ries and level of sport class (cadets, juniors, seniors). Wrestling – sport in which two contestants fight by gripping than to coordination ones. This was disclosed when The study was approved by the Ethics Committee. each other using special holds, establishing methods of evaluation wrestlers’ motor each trying to force the other’s shoulders onto a mat [25]. abilities. Out of the many hitherto presented propo- Protocol sitions, only few of them have been put into practice So generally worded aim implies the following Freestyle wrestling – is a style so far. There were used to evaluate the changes in research tasks: designation the principles of construc- of amateur wrestling that is practiced throughout the world. the level of motor abilities. The special record holder tion battery of tests; presentation the motor abilities Along with Greco-Roman, it is one of the two styles of wrestling in this field was the battery of tests of attempts of battery of tests; evaluation and diagnostic-index of contested in the Olympic games. own invention which has assisted coaches for over reliability tests of the battery; work out the a scale 32 years. „T” for the battery of tests; metric characteristic of the Supples – specific throw in wrestling, when the attacker first battery; an abridged version of the battery. down on his back. There is a small number of batteries of tests for wres- tling which have tradition in use of over 32 years, In all this investigations the method was own authors and special which are included coordination abili- W. Starosta and J. Tracewski [9] battery of 23 tests ties as one of most important tests for achieving suc- for an evaluation in points of the level of each motor cess in wrestling. Former investigations [2, 3], are abilities. not accepted big important of coordination abilities for success in wrestling, so this batteries of tests had in this time, revolution principles. Such a long RESULTS tradition of using the battery of tests, and the subse- Principles of construction the battery tests quence success of Polish wrestlers (and in last 5 years The preparation of the battery was preceded by an anal- of Croatian wrestlers, lead us to conclusion that the ysis of the hitherto national and international output in Polish battery of test confirmed its validity in practice this field. The work concerned the theory of sport and which was not find in wrestling until now. wrestling, as well as experience acquired during the training of wrestlers. The work was carried out in close The importance of the motor abilities for success in co-operation with the great number of the best coaches wrestling were estimated in co-operation with the best of wrestling in Poland [9]. Moreover, the work was coaches of wrestling in Poland, and according to them the result of an initiative of the representatives of the movements coordination plays the most important Polish Wrestling Association (mainly of J. Tracewski role in wrestling (for cadets and juniors 52.2%, and – successful many years coach of national team). Next, for seniors 28.6% of the total number of tests). Such the team elaborating the battery was given the task to a long tradition of using the battery of tests, and the prepare a list of motor abilities indispensable for the 214 | VOLUME 11 | 2015 smaes.archbudo.com Starosta W, Baić M. – Battery of tests for evaluation level... wrestlers to achieve considerable success, and then to When creating the battery of tests it was established establish the hierarchy of their importance. that the following conditions should be fulfilled: The list was not only confined to the accepted then 1. It should reflect the specificity of wrestling, that is, [9] classical physical e.g. fitness abilities (strength, it should comprise the evaluation of all motor abili- speed, endurance), but also included extensively ties needed by the wrestlers in order to achieve con- movement coordination abilities [10-15]. At that time siderable success. it was one of the major departure in the promoted the- ories of sport training. This kind of departure would 2. It should include tests which have met the demands not have been possible if not the high position of a in the hitherto training, and which possess a high group of experts and wrestlers, particularly those of index of reliability (Table 1).
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