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Macrofungi of the Zasavica Special Nature Reserve

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Macrofungi of the Zasavica Special Nature Reserve Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke / Proc. Nat. Sci, Matica Srpska Novi Sad, ¥ 116, 235—243, 2009 UDC 582.28(497.11-17 Zasavica) DOI:10.2298/ZMSPN0916235C Marko S. Cviyanovicy1 , Mihaylo N. Stankovicy1 , Milan N. Matavuly2 , Svyetlana B. Lolicy3 , Branko M. Pyanicy3 1 Zasavica Special Nature Reserve, Svetog Save 19, Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Serbia 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska MACROFUNGI OF THE ZASAVICA SPECIAL NATURE RESERVE ABSTRACT: In the frame of biodiversity investigation of the Republic of Serbia, the investigation of the presence and the diversity of macrofungi of the Zasavica Special Nature Reserve (North Serbia) has been undertaken. Relatively poor generic diversity of macro- fungi was recorded with domination of ecological group of wood-decaying species. Even though being preliminary, our results point to the necessity of conservation and protection of recent fungal diversity but, in our opinion, not by making a so-called “Red list of endangered species", which, due to the lack of information and very poor evidence on this group of organisms in our country, are extremely unreliable and therefore disputable, but rather through the very short list of a few not endangered species, conditionally called “White list of not endangered fungal species", if such species recently exist et all. KEY WORDS: Macrofungi, Zasavica Special Nature Reserve, Serbia. INTRODUCTION The investigations of the generic composition of mushrooms, macro- scopic fungi, in Special Nature Reserve Zasavica, has been done sporadically. The obtained results have not been systematized so far, however, these are two completed publications representing mushrooms of Zasavica: a report publi- shed in the Monograph on Zasavica (2001) and a chapter in the book “Guide through the nature of SNR Zasavica", Chapter “Fungi". Only 30 dominant species of macrofungi have been described in the mentioned publications. Du- ring the course of the research camps in 2006 around 100 new species of mush- rooms have been recorded in the Zasavica Special Nature Reserve Region. It should be emphasized that this paper represents only a part of permanent mo- nitoring of mushrooms composition, taking place in SNR Zasavica. 150 spe- cies of macrofungi have been determined so far in the reserve. 235 236 Tab. 1 — Generic composition of the lignicolous macrofungi of the Zasavica River bank zone Species Familia Substrate Locality Fomes fomentarius Polyporaceae on old trunk of Populus nigra; on living Batar, Yovacha, Prekopac, Palyevine, (L.: Fr.) Fr. Salix alba tree; Prekoyovacha, Treblyevine on dry fallen trunk of Acer campestre Polyporus squamosus Polyporaceae on Salix alba stumps and fallen trunks; Batar, Skelice, Vrbovac, Prekopac (Hudson): Fr. on fallen branch of Acer campestre Meripilus giganteus Polyporaceae on dead Salix alba trunk Batar, Vrbovac (Pers.: Fr.) Karst. Trametes versicolor Polyporaceae on Salix alba stumps Banovo Polye, Vrbovac (L.: Fr.) Pilat Trametes hirsuta Polyporaceae on Salix alba stumps Shumareva cyupriya (Wulfen: Fr.) Pilat Lenzites betulina Polyporaceae on Salix alba stump Ravanyska cyupriya (L.: Fr.) Fr. Laetiporus sulphureus Polyporaceae on living tree of Salix alba Vrbovac, Treblyevine, Shiroka bara, (Bull.: Fr.) Murrill Bara Ribnyacha Daedaleopsis confragosa Polyporaceae on strait standing dead Salix alba trunk Vrbovac, Treblyevine, Banovo polye (Bol.: Fr.) J. Schroeter Pleurotus ostreatus Tricholomataceae on living Salix alba trunk Vrbovac, Batar (Jack.: Fr.) Kummer Panus tigrinus Tricholomataceae on fallen Salix alba trunks and in the Kanal Bogar, Valyevac, Vrbovac (Bull.: Fr.) Sing. basis of willow stumps Flammulina velutipes Tricholomataceae in the basis of Salix alba living tree Batar, Polyansko, Treblyevine, (Curt: Fr.) Vrbovac Panellus stipticus Tricholomataceae on old Salix alba stump Valyevac, Vrbovac (Bull.: Fr.) Karsten Ganoderma applanatum Ganodermataceae on fallen trunk of Salix alba Vrbovac, Batar (Pers.) Pat. Ganoderma lucidum Ganodermataceae in the basis of old stump and on fallen Batar, Treblyevine, Vrbovac, Prekopac, (Curtis: Fr.) Karsten trunk of Salix alba Yovacha, Prekoyovacha, Palyevine, Skelice Stereum hirsutum Stereaceae on the stump of Morus alba Ravnye, Prekopac (Wild.: FR) S. F. Gray Stereum rugosum Stereaceae on the stump of Robinia pseudoacacia Banovo polye, Vrbovac (Pets.: Fr.) Fr. Coprinus micaceus Coprinaceae on Salix alba stumps and fallen branches Vrbovac, Batar (Bull.: Fr.) Fr. Coprinus disseminatus Coprinaceae in the basis of stump of Populus nigra Vrbovac, Skelice (Pers.: Fr.) Fr. Nectria cinnabarina Hypocreaceae on dry fallen branch of Acer campestre Ravnye, Kanal Bogar, Vrbovac, (Tode: Fr.) Fr. Valyevac Hirneola auricula-judae Auriculariaceae on fallen branch of Robinia pseudoacacia; Vrbovac, Batar, Prekopac, Yovacha (Bull.: St.-Am) Berk. on fallen branch of Acer campestre (Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.: St.-Am)) Schizophyllum commune Schizophyllaceae on fallen Salix alba trunk; Batar, Vrbovac, Prekopac, Skelice, Fr.: Fr. on dry fallen branch of Acer campestre Preseka, Treblyevine, Yovacha, Pollyansko, Palyevine Pholiota cerifera Strophariaceae on living Populus nigra tree Banovo polye, Shumareva cyupriya (Karst.) Karst. Phellinus igniarius Hymenochaetaceae on living Salix alba trees Vrbovac, Yovacha (L.: Fr.) Quel. Tremella mesenterica Tremellaceae on fallen branch of Robinia pseudoacacia Vrbovac, Batar Retz.: Hooker Peziza aurantia (Pers.) Aleuriaceae on fallen Salix alba trunk; Vrbovac, Preseka, Treblyevine, Batar, (Aleuria aurantia (Sarcoscyphaceae) on fallen branch of Robinia pseudoacacia; Prekoyovacha Shumareva cyupriya (Pers.) Fuck.) on dry fallen branch of Acer campestre 237 Data considering the qualitative and quantitative composition of these im- portant reducers of organic matter are lacking, as well as data about their sig- nificant role in the entire chain of the nutrition in natural environments. The fungi in general and especially lignicolous macrofungi, become recently a group of organisms of great biotechnological interest as potential producers of various biologically active agents (M a t a v u l y, 1993, 1996a). In our country the investigations of biodiversity (S t e v a novicy etal., 1995) are in progress. The aim of this research was collecting necessary infor- mations regarding this field in order to form a basis for the conservation and improvement of existing conditions in natural environments. Fungi are pointed as especially endangered group of organisms in Europe (A r n o l d and de V r i e s, 1993); I n g, 1993; I v a n å e v i ã, 1995). Since data on macrofungi originating in the Zasavica speciae nature reserve are scarce (M a t a v u l y et al., 2001), and the region has been classifical as protected area, it was found worthy and interesting to start with the evidence of fungal species as the be- ginning of more systematic and more detailed investigations of the presence, biology, ecology and conservation of these endangered organisms as a whole. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sporadic mycological investigations of the Zasavica region were done du- ring the nine-year period, from 1997 to 2006. Seventeen localities within the investigated sector were chosen for the collection of samples of lignicolous macrofungi (Batar, Treblyevine, Vrbovac, Prekopac, Yovacha, Prekoyovacha, Palyevine, Skelice, Shiroka bara, Bara Ribnyacha, Sajak, Polyansko, Preseka), and other six sites were chosen for sampling macrofungi during 2006 (Va- lyevac Livade, Valyevac Shume, Lug, Pachya Bara; Turske Livade, Shiroka Bara). The samples have been collected, prepared, and photo-documented by members of NGO “Pokret Gorana Sremska Mitrovica" preserved and stored in the Nature Reserve is natural collection. Fungi were identified on the basis of both morphological and anatomical properties of fruit bodies and according to specific chemical reactions using modern keys (A i n s w o r t h et al., 1973; B o n, 1988; B o ÿ a c, 1989; C e t t o, 1979; E llis and Ellis, 1991; F o c h t, 1979; H e r m a n n, 1990; M o s e r, 1978; P h illips, 1983). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results of recording of fungal species in the Zasavica special nature re- serve are displayed in Table 1 containing the list of noted macrofungi. Most of them can be found during the whole year, regardless of the season, except Flammulina velutipes which appears usually during the late winter and early spring seasons, Coprinus micaceus and Coprinus disseminatus, which do not grow only during the winter, and Pholliota cerifera, which belong to the group appearing during summer and autumn seasons. 238 Tab. 2 — Preliminary list of fungal species recorded on other six localities belonging to the wider zone of the Zasavica Special Nature Reserve Sampling Valyevac Valyevac Pachiya Turske Shiroka Lug site Livade Shume Bara Livade Bara Species Auricularia Ganoderma Auricularia Corilopsis Agaricus Coprinus mesenterica applanatum auricula judae trogi silvaticus callinus Coprinus Ganoderma Colticia Daedaleopsis Clitocyba Coprinus auricomus australe perennis confragosa vibecina domesticus Coprinus Marasmiellus Datronia Exidia Coprinus Derocybe flocculosus ramealis mollis recisa sp. sp. Lenzites Panaelous Ganoderma Enteloma Marasmius Entoloma betulinus sphinctrinus lucidum incanatum androsaceus incarnatum Fomes Phellinus Hygrocibe Hapalopilus Marasmius Enteloma fomentarius trivialis unginosa rutilans bulliardi sp. Macrolepiota Polyporus
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