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Dymchurch Martello Tower No 24 KENT
English Heritage Dymchurch Martello Tower No 24 KENT J G LOAD MA, FSA Inspector of Ancient Monuments Between 1793 and 1815 Britain was at War with the French Republic. After his campaigns in Italy, Egypt and Syria, Napoleon Bonaparte began extensive preparations to invade England. To counter the threatened invasion, the English built a chain of 74 Martello gun-towers along the Channel shores of Kent and East Sussex between 1805 and 1812. Of those that survive today, the Martello tower at Dymchurch is perhaps the best preserved. Fully restored and open to the public, it is dominated by an original 24-pounder gun carrying the cipher of King George III. CONTENTS 2 HISTORY 2 The Invasion Coast, 1803 6 Defending the South Coast 7 Origins and purpose of the Martellos 9 Building the Martello Towers, 1805-12 10 Design of the South Coast towers 13 Later History 14 DESCRIPTION 15 Interior of the Tower 17 Gun Platform 18 BIBLIOGRAPHY 18 GLOSSARY of technical terms Copyright © English Heritage 1990 First published 1990 Printed in England for HMSO Dd 6018381 C15 8/90 498 53309 ISBN 1 85074 300 2 1 HISTORY The Invasion Coast 1803 Dymchurch Martello Tower - no 24 in a chain of 74 built along the Channel coasts of Kent and East Sussex between 1805 and 1812 - was constructed to meet a threat of invasion as serious as the later one which faced England after the fall of France in the summer of 1940. The Peace of Amiens, signed in March 1802, had ended nine years of war with Revolutionary France, but Napoleon's territorial ambitions in Europe and elsewhere were to ensure that peace was short-lived. -
The Perils of Periodization: Roman Ceramics in Britain After 400 CE KEITH J
The Perils of Periodization: Roman Ceramics in Britain after 400 CE KEITH J. FITZPATRICK-MATTHEWS North Hertfordshire Museum [email protected] ROBIN FLEMING Boston College [email protected] Abstract: The post-Roman Britons of the fifth century are a good example of people invisible to archaeologists and historians, who have not recognized a distinctive material culture for them. We propose that this material does indeed exist, but has been wrongly characterized as ‘Late Roman’ or, worse, “Anglo-Saxon.” This pottery copied late-Roman forms, often poorly or in miniature, and these pots became increasingly odd over time; local production took over, often by poorly trained potters. Occasionally, potters made pots of “Anglo-Saxon” form using techniques inherited from Romano-British traditions. It is the effect of labeling the material “Anglo-Saxon” that has rendered it, its makers, and its users invisible. Key words: pottery, Romano-British, early medieval, fifth-century, sub-Roman Archaeologists rely on the well-dated, durable material culture of past populations to “see” them. When a society exists without such a mate- rial culture or when no artifacts are dateable to a period, its population effectively vanishes. This is what happens to the indigenous people of fifth-century, lowland Britain.1 Previously detectable through their build- ings, metalwork, coinage, and especially their ceramics, these people disappear from the archaeological record c. 400 CE. Historians, for their part, depend on texts to see people in the past. Unfortunately, the texts describing Britain in the fifth-century were largely written two, three, or even four hundred years after the fact. -
Martello Towers Research Project
Martello Towers Research Project March 2008 Jason Bolton MA MIAI IHBC www.boltonconsultancy.com Conservation Consultant [email protected] Executive Summary “Billy Pitt had them built, Buck Mulligan said, when the French were on the sea”, Ulysses, James Joyce. The „Martello Towers Research Project‟ was commissioned by Fingal County Council and Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council, with the support of The Heritage Council, in order to collate all known documentation relating to the Martello Towers of the Dublin area, including those in Bray, Co. Wicklow. The project was also supported by Dublin City Council and Wicklow County Council. Martello Towers are one of the most well-known fortifications in the world, with examples found throughout Ireland, the United Kingdom and along the trade routes to Africa, India and the Americas. The towers are typically squat, cylindrical, two-storey masonry towers positioned to defend a strategic section of coastline from an invading force, with a landward entrance at first-floor level defended by a machicolation, and mounting one or more cannons to the rooftop gun platform. The Dublin series of towers, built 1804-1805, is the only group constructed to defend a capital city, and is the most complete group of towers still existing in the world. The report begins with contemporary accounts of the construction and significance of the original tower at Mortella Point in Corsica from 1563-5, to the famous attack on that tower in 1794, where a single engagement involving key officers in the British military became the catalyst for a global military architectural phenomenon. However, the design of the Dublin towers is not actually based on the Mortella Point tower. -
826 INDEX 1066 Country Walk 195 AA La Ronde
© Lonely Planet Publications 826 Index 1066 Country Walk 195 animals 85-7, see also birds, individual Cecil Higgins Art Gallery 266 ABBREVIATIONS animals Cheltenham Art Gallery & Museum A ACT Australian Capital books 86 256 A La RondeTerritory 378 internet resources 85 City Museum & Art Gallery 332 abbeys,NSW see New churches South & cathedrals Wales aquariums Dali Universe 127 Abbotsbury,NT Northern 311 Territory Aquarium of the Lakes 709 FACT 680 accommodationQld Queensland 787-90, 791, see Blue Planet Aquarium 674 Ferens Art Gallery 616 alsoSA individualSouth locations Australia Blue Reef Aquarium (Newquay) Graves Gallery 590 activitiesTas 790-2,Tasmania see also individual 401 Guildhall Art Gallery 123 activitiesVic Victoria Blue Reef Aquarium (Portsmouth) Hayward Gallery 127 AintreeWA FestivalWestern 683 Australia INDEX 286 Hereford Museum & Art Gallery 563 air travel Brighton Sea Life Centre 207 Hove Museum & Art Gallery 207 airlines 804 Deep, The 615 Ikon Gallery 534 airports 803-4 London Aquarium 127 Institute of Contemporary Art 118 tickets 804 National Marine Aquarium 384 Keswick Museum & Art Gallery 726 to/from England 803-5 National Sea Life Centre 534 Kettle’s Yard 433 within England 806 Oceanarium 299 Lady Lever Art Gallery 689 Albert Dock 680-1 Sea Life Centre & Marine Laing Art Gallery 749 Aldeburgh 453-5 Sanctuary 638 Leeds Art Gallery 594-5 Alfred the Great 37 archaeological sites, see also Roman Lowry 660 statues 239, 279 sites Manchester Art Gallery 658 All Souls College 228-9 Avebury 326-9, 327, 9 Mercer Art Gallery -
Castle Studies Group Bibliography No. 23 2010 CASTLE STUDIES: RECENT PUBLICATIONS – 23 (2010)
Castle Studies Group Bibliography No. 23 2010 CASTLE STUDIES: RECENT PUBLICATIONS – 23 (2010) By John R. Kenyon Introduction This is advance notice that I plan to take the recent publications compilation to a quarter century and then call it a day, as I mentioned at the AGM in Taunton last April. So, two more issues after this one! After that, it may be that I will pass on details of major books and articles for a mention in the Journal or Bulletin, but I think that twenty-five issues is a good milestone to reach, and to draw this service to members to a close, or possibly hand on the reins, if there is anyone out there! No sooner had I sent the corrected proof of last year’s Bibliography to Peter Burton when a number of Irish items appeared in print. These included material in Archaeology Ireland, the visitors’ guide to castles in that country, and then the book on Dublin from Four Court Press, a collection of essays in honour of Howard Clarke, which includes an essay on Dublin Castle. At the same time, I noted that a book on medieval travel had a paper by David Kennett on Caister Castle and the transport of brick, and this in turn led me to a paper, published in 2005, that has gone into Part B, Alasdair Hawkyard’s important piece on Caister. Wayne Cocroft of English Heritage contacted me in July 2009, and I quote: - “I have just received the latest CSG Bibliography, which has prompted me to draw the EH internal report series to your attention. -
Excavations at Dover 1945-1947 Threipland
http://kentarchaeology.org.uk/research/archaeologia-cantiana/ Kent Archaeological Society is a registered charity number 223382 © 2017 Kent Archaeological Society EXCAVATIONS AT DOVER, 1945-1947 By LESLIE MURRAY TBREEPLAND , B.A., F.S.A., and K. A. STEER, M.A., Ph.D., F.S.A. DURING the 1939-45 war, the town of Dover, lying between the chalk downs at the mouth of the River Dour, twenty miles from the French coast, suffered severely from bombing and cross-Channel shelling. Towards the end of the war a Committee was formed under the Presidency of the Lord Bishop of Dover, with the object of examining some of the razed sites (Fig. 1) before they were rebuilt, to find out more of the history of the town in the Roman period. DOVER . PLAN SHEW1NG WAR DAMAGED AREAS IN THE CENTRE OF TOWN AND EXCAVATIONS 19451 7 pit 7 Fie. 1 130 DOVER, SHOWING ROMAN SITES, APPROXIMATE EXTENT OP ROMAN FOR TRE.5.5(snADED)AN -0 PROBABLE LINE Or ME D1AEVAL TOWN WALLS. fOuNORTIONI FOUNO I int Match t,..11e4 EXCAVATIONS AT DOVER, 1945-7 Dover is mentioned by the Notitia Dignitatum as the site of a Saxon shore fort,' but was probably one of the ports of the Classis Britannica at a much earlier date. Professor R. E. M. Wheeler, writing in 1929,2 gave an account of the Roman remains found there by chance discoveries and observation of building operations. He suggested, tentatively, on the available evidence, a position for the Roman fort on the west side of the Dour and in the north-west corner of the medieval fortifications (Fig. -
North American Martello Towers Author(S): Willard B
North American Martello Towers Author(s): Willard B. Robinson Source: Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Vol. 33, No. 2 (May, 1974), pp. 158-164 Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the Society of Architectural Historians Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/988909 . Accessed: 01/08/2013 20:57 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. University of California Press and Society of Architectural Historians are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 132.206.27.24 on Thu, 1 Aug 2013 20:57:31 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 158 North American Martello Towers As with all architecturefor defense,once the effectiveness of the basic configuration was proven, the defense was WILLARD B. ROBINSON formulated; only minor changes were thereafter made, either to improve efficiencyor to adaptto a particularsite. The Museum, Texas Tech University Circular or elliptical in plan, most Martello towers had diametersof thirty or more feet-in additionto being very HISTORICALLY, military architecturehas been noted for strong, curved forms enclosed a large amount of area per its beauty and logic. -
Martello Towers of Romney Marsh
Introduction Martello Towers, sometimes known simply as Martellos, are small defensive forts that were built across the British Empire during the 19th century, from the time of the Napoleonic Wars onwards. Many were built along the Kent coast to defend Britain against the French in the early 1800s, then under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte. Given that the Romney Marsh beaches are just 29 miles away from the French Coast across the English Channel, it was one of the areas that was most at risk from invasion by Napoleon's forces. Originally 103 towers were built in England between 1805 and 1812’. 74 were built along the Kent and Sussex coastlines from Folkestone to Seaford between 1805 and 1808, the other 29 to protect Essex and Suffolk. 45 of the towers still remain, but many are in ruins or have been converted, and only 9 remain in their (almost) original condition. Along the coastline of Romney Marsh, from Dymchurch Redoubt, south of Hythe, to St Mary's Bay, there were 9 Martello Towers built. Martello Towers Nos. 19, 20, 21, 22, 26 and 27 have since been demolished, but Towers Nos. 23, 24,and 25 still remain. Index Introduction……………………….. Page 2 Origins and Purpose…………….. Page 3 Design………………………..…… Page 4 Key Features…………………..…. Page 4 Artist’s Impression and Plans…… Page 5 Martello Tower No. 19………..….. Page 6 Martello Tower No. 20………..….. Page 7 Martello Tower No. 21………..….. Page 7 Martello Tower No. 22……..…….. Page 7 Martello Tower No. 23……..…….. Page 8 Martello Tower No. 24……..…….. Page 9 Martello Tower No. 25……..……. -
Ireland Had Been a Lordship Under the Authority of the English Crown Since
C.H.E.P.A. (CORK HARBOUR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ASSOCIATION) WITNESS STATEMENT 5TH MAY, 2009 AN BORD PLEANÁLA STRATEGIC INFRASTRUCTURE APPLICATION PL04.PA0010 WASTE-TO-ENERGY FACILITY AND TRANSFER STATION AT RINGASKIDDY, CO. CORK APPLICANT: INDAVER (IRELAND) My name is Marcia D’Alton. I am a member of CHEPA, the Cork Harbour Environmental Protection Association. CHEPA is an organisation which brings residents of all sides of Cork Harbour together with the common aim of protecting and improving the living and recreational environment of Cork Harbour. I am Deputy Mayor of Passage West Town Council. The jurisdiction of Passage West Town Council encompasses the three harbourside towns of Passage West, Glenbrook and Monkstown. During my term as elected member, I drafted the Architectural Design Guidelines for Passage West and Monkstown in consultation with and on behalf of Passage West Town Council. These have since been acknowledged in the current Carrigaline Electoral Area Local Area Plan and will be incorporated into the redrafting of the Local Area Plan in 2012. I have delivered presentations on the architectural heritage of Passage West and Monkstown on behalf of Passage West Town Council to several departments within Cork County Council, to larger developers with an interest in the towns and to community groups. The aim of these initatives was to achieve a common goal for new development to complement and enhance the valuable architectural heritage of Passage West and Monkstown. I have researched, designed and produced the Passage West and Monkstown Railway Heritage Trail which celebrates items of railway infrastructure along the route of the old Cork, Blackrock and Passage Railway. -
Towers of Strength by W H Clements the Construction
Towers of Strength by W H Clements The construction of masonry gun-towers by British military engineers covered a period of eighty years from 1780 to 1860. Gun-towers were a standard element in the portfolio of the military engineer in the seventeenth and the eighteenth century and many were built in the Mediterranean by Spanish and Italian engineers; but it was the development of these towers by British engineers in the early nineteenth century which resulted in the simple, elegant, and extremely practical design which is today known as the Martello tower. Although the construction of the English towers did not start until 1805, towers had already been built on Minorca and Trinidad, and in 1803 work had started on similar towers in Ireland. Other towers had been completed even earlier on Jersey and Guernsey, at Halifax in Canada, and also at Cape Town. These towers were the forerunners of the extensive chain of English towers built between 1805 and 1810. Situated for the most part to defend the coastline from attack from the sea and usually sited to provide each other with mutual fire-support, these towers would have been difficult to destroy. The majority provided the first line of defence for the most vulnerable part of the English coast, that nearest to the ancient enemy France. Others were to be found in Ireland and throughout the British Empire, and a number were used as land defences to protect the outworks of citadels and colonial frontiers. This was the case in Quebec, Delhi and on the frontier of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa, where Martello towers provided a cheap and effective form of permanent fortification. -
Index of Archaeological Papers Published in 1906
INDEX OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL PAPERS PUBLISHED IN I9O6 [BEING THE SIXTEENTH ISSUE OF THE SERIES AND COMPLETING THK INDEX FOR THE PERIOD 1891-1906] COMPILED BY BERNARD GOMME PUBLISHED BY ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE & COMPANY LTD 10, ORANGE STREET, LEICESTER SQUARE W.C. UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE CONGRESS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES IN UNION WITH THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES 1907 CONTENTS [Those Transactions for the first time inchidcd in the index are marked with an asterisk,* the others are continuations from the indexes of 1891 1902. Transactions included for the first time are indexed from 1891 onwards.] Anthropological Institute, Journal, vol. xxxvi. (NS. ix.). Antiquaries, Ireland, Proceedings of Royal Society, 5th S. vol. xvi. Antiquaries, London, Proceedings of Royal Society, 2nd S. vol. xxi. pt. 1. (to p. 230). Antiquaries, Scotland, Proceedings of Society, vol. xl, Arehaeologia, vol. Ix. pt. 1. Archtuologia ^Eliana, 3rd S. vol. ii. Archaeologia Cambr^nsis, Gth S. vol. vi. Archaeological Institute, Journal, vol. Ixiii. jBarrow Naturalists' Field Club, Transactions, vols. i., iii.,iii. (No. 2), iv.,v., ix., xiv. Berks, Bucks and Oxfordshire Archaeological Journal, vols. xi., xii. pts. 1, 2 and 3 (to p. 96). Biblical Archaeology, Society of, Proceedings, vol. xxviii. Birmingham and Midland Institute, Transactions, vol. xxxi. Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society, Transactions, vol. xxviii. pt. 2., xxix. (to p. 204). British Archaeological Association, Journal, N.S.. vol. xii. British Architects, Royal Institute of, Journal, 3rd S. vol. xiii. British Numismatic Journal, 1st S. vol. ii. *British School at Athens, Annual, vols. i., ii., iii., iv., v., vi., vii., viii., ix., x.,xi. *British School at Rome, Papers, vols. -
National Historic Sites of Canada System Plan Will Provide Even Greater Opportunities for Canadians to Understand and Celebrate Our National Heritage
PROUDLY BRINGING YOU CANADA AT ITS BEST National Historic Sites of Canada S YSTEM P LAN Parks Parcs Canada Canada 2 6 5 Identification of images on the front cover photo montage: 1 1. Lower Fort Garry 4 2. Inuksuk 3. Portia White 3 4. John McCrae 5. Jeanne Mance 6. Old Town Lunenburg © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, (2000) ISBN: 0-662-29189-1 Cat: R64-234/2000E Cette publication est aussi disponible en français www.parkscanada.pch.gc.ca National Historic Sites of Canada S YSTEM P LAN Foreword Canadians take great pride in the people, places and events that shape our history and identify our country. We are inspired by the bravery of our soldiers at Normandy and moved by the words of John McCrae’s "In Flanders Fields." We are amazed at the vision of Louis-Joseph Papineau and Sir Wilfrid Laurier. We are enchanted by the paintings of Emily Carr and the writings of Lucy Maud Montgomery. We look back in awe at the wisdom of Sir John A. Macdonald and Sir George-Étienne Cartier. We are moved to tears of joy by the humour of Stephen Leacock and tears of gratitude for the courage of Tecumseh. We hold in high regard the determination of Emily Murphy and Rev. Josiah Henson to overcome obstacles which stood in the way of their dreams. We give thanks for the work of the Victorian Order of Nurses and those who organ- ized the Underground Railroad. We think of those who suffered and died at Grosse Île in the dream of reaching a new home.