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10-1929 Preacher's Magazine Volume 04 Number 10 J. B. Chapman (Editor) Olivet Nazarene University

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Harmon F. Schmelzenbach Sept. 27, 1882— May 22, 1929

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The Evangelistic Cyclopedia One Hundred Best Sermons for Special By Rev. G. B. F. Hallock Days and Occasions By G. B. F. Hallock Three Hundred Evangelistic Sermon O u tlin e s One Hundred Great Texts and Their By Aquilla Webb T r e a tm e n t By Frederick Barton sfe Cyclopedia of Sermon Outlines for Special Days and Occasions One Thousand Thoughts for Funeral By G. B. F. Hallock O c c a s io n s By Frederick Barton Cyclopedia of Sermon Outlines I aSs By Aquilla Webb The Pastor His Own Evangelist One Hundred Prayer Meeting I Talks and Plans A Guide to Preachers I By A. E. Garvie By Frederick Barton A Holy Communion Cyclopedia One Hundred Choice Sermons for Children v By G. B. F. Hallock By G. B. F. Hallock

The Miraculous Element in the Gospels One Hundred Revival Sermons and By Alexander Balmain Bruce O u tlin e s By Frederick Barton m The Humiliation of Christ By Alexander B. Bruce The Preacher— His Life and Work By J. H. Jowett 1001 Illustrations for Pulpit and P la tf o r m The Cross in Christian Experience By Aquilla Webb By W. M. Clow The Impatience of a Parson Lord, Teach Us to Pray I By H. R. L. Sheppard By Alexander Whyte &y.- The Trial and Death of Jesus Christ The Miracles of Our Saviour By James Stalker By William Taylor s The Ten Commandments The Parables of Our Saviour v By Henry Sloane Coffin By William Taylcy 1 New Tabernacle Sermons The Training of the Twelve By T. DeWitt Talmage By A. B. Bruce Bible Types of Modern Men, First Series The Wicket Gate, Sermons on the Lord’s Prayer By W. Mackintosh Mackay By G. A. Studdert Kennedy Bible Types of Modern Women First Series A Quest For Souls By W. Mackintosh Mackay By G. W. Truett

I NAZARENE PUBLISHING HOUSE, 2923 Troost Ave., Kansas City, Mo. The Preacher’s Magazine A monthly journal devoted to the interests of those who preach the full gospel J. B. Chapman, Editor

Published monthly by the Nazarene Publishing House, 2923 Troost Ave., Kansas City, Mo., maintained by and In the interest of the Church of the Nazarene. Subscription price SI.00 per year. Entered as second class matter at the Postofflce at Kansas City, Mo. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized December 30, 1925.

V o lu m e 4 O c t o b e r , 1929 N um ber 10

PREACHERS MUST HAVE TIME TO THINK

By t h e E d it o r .

HE trend nowadays is toward administration. The duties of the religious leader are so multitudinous and so exacting that he is likely to get into a whirl. We are not now in T the mood for saying what the preacher should “do” or should not do in regard to the many things expected of him. each man will have to decide for himself. But of this much we are sure: If the preacher’s preaching is going to be of a high type, the preacher must have time to meditate and pray, and he musjt also have time to “think.” No man who is in a fever of hurry from one week’s end to another can possibly “speak from the top of his m'nd.” And the “time” of which we speak cannot be taken in the form of an annual vacation, or even of a weekly rest day. Rather the program of the day and of the week must be so ar­ ranged that the preacher will have time with his books and time with his thoughts. Because it is possible to compare preachers only with those of their own generation, we are inclined to be content with whatever is. But there can be little doubt that we are now in a period of “poor preaching.” Various factors have doubtless entered into the ministerial deteriora­ tion of which we speak, but we think the full, hurried, fevered life which is expected of the preacher is one of the factors. Of course there are many preachers who would have plenty of time if they but knew how to organize their program. There are others who would not make proper use of their time if they discovered a way to have more of it. Then there are some whose parish is able and should be willing to employ an assistant pastor to share the duties of the overworked leader. But whatever it takes, a way should be found to give the preacher time to think. One of the great preachers of America accepts no pastoral duties at all. He even has a pri­ vate office downtown with nothing but a private telephone. But his public utterances are such as to indicate much careful thought and his ministry is waited upon by throngs of people. Of course his is an exceptional example, and it is not desirable, even when it is possible, to separate the preacher from the pastor. But this is a period requiring discriminating thought. There is such a general dissemination of knowledge that the preacher must be discriminating as never be­ fore, and discrimination requires thinking. It is not enough for the preacher to read and travel and hear; he must think and select and arrange and construct. The stale preacher is no worse than the “raw” preacher. One comes with threadbare plati­ tudes and familiar truisms; the other peddles half-baked notions which may require revision before the close of the season. But neither touches life in vital places or stirs up lasting fire in the mind and heart. It is easy to complain that people will not come to church, but it is wiser to provide a worth­ while meal for those who do come so that they will become anxious for their friends to share with them the following Sabbath. It is a fortunate layman, and a happy one too, who can say, “Our minister always preaches well.” And if a good many laymen get to saying this thing, room will become a premium in that preacher’s church. We think the modern tendency to shelve the sermon and give principal place to other parts 200 THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE

of the service is both wrong and unwise. It has pleased God to make preaching the principal instrument in the saving of souls, and there is no factor that will hold an audience Sabbath after Sabbath, year in and year out, like good, sound well .arranged, unctuous gospel preaching. A preacher of our acquaintance says he cannot find tirr e to prepare more than one good, well-thought-out sermon a week. And besides the question of time, he cannot concentrate the powers of mind and heart on more than one theme during such a time. And an observer an­ nounces that even the most gifted preachers really preach but one sermon which is fully up to their standard each wreek. One of the ways out of this is to devote one of the Sabbath services to evangelism and be content with an “exhortation” in that service. But it is not w-se to make this the same service every time. Let it be the evening service sometimes and the morning service sometimes. But however the program is arranged, there is no escape from the necessity of giving the preacher time to think, as well as time to pray and meditate, if the preaching is to be really worth hearing for any considerable length of time.

EDITORIAL NOTES

Irresolution has its special dangers. Of a religion, even while holding tightly to the doc­ well-known English preacher who was first a trinal fabric. A cold conception of God, of man fundamentalist, then a modernist and then showed and of the universe, even though it be an ortho­ tavorable tendencies toward fundamentalism dox conception, will neither stir hearts nor win again, a contemporary sa d, “A man may change souls. Life answers only to life. his mind once, but to change it twice—” It is well for a preacher to consider well before assuming a position, for frequent changing will Exhortation is valuable and exhorters are- scarcely be tolerated. scarce. Our observation is that the evangelists who get most people to the altar and leave the most to show for their visit to a church or It is easily possible to create a situation and campmeeting are the ones who “hold on” when then take that situation to prove our prophecy. the invitation is being given. And there are A preacher can preach that the days of revivals few preachers who can master this one are past until their day will be past so far as great art. If the preacher’s own heart is stirred, he and his church are concerned. He can as­ he can keep the interest going and keep the sume a factional attitude until there will be altar open; and if he can do these two things divisions in the church. He can stimulate popu­ he can have seekers and souls. lar discontent and then offer this discontent as proof that there is social oppression which will soon result in an outburst. Then, on the other No matter how many courses of study a hand, preaching peace and living peaceably will preacher has “finished,” no matter how many help to unify a church, etc. books he has read or written, any preacher, every preacher should read at least two books on ‘ Intellect is not enough. Intellect, indeed, is preachers and preaching every year. Dr. A. M. not light; it is only the wick of a lamp which Hills’ new book on “Homiletics and Pastoral must be fed constantly with the oil of com­ Theology” is a gem and every preacher, young passion—that is to say, if its light is to sh'ne and old, should buy it and read it between now before men.” and Christmas.

While regretting any loss of standing for the We are receiving many favorable comments ancient “faith of our fathers” which may at any on Dr. Hills’ series on “Preachers I Have time appear, let us make sure that we shall not Known.” Indeed this is a study of men and lose the radiance and brightness of our holy methods that cannot help yielding good to us all. (2) THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE 201

WHY THE MODERNIST CHURCH CANNOT LIVE In their attacks upon modernism, some mili­ his assertion or argument with an ejeculation of tant fundamentalists seem to unwittingly sug­ joy and praise. And a joyless religion is a pow­ gest their fear that the “new theology” will erless religion, and it will soon become a dead capture the Church and run it on without any religion. of the grace of God or the elements of old-time And this leads us to say that there is probably religion in it. no better method of defeating modernism and We too are militant in our attitude toward destroyers of the faith, but our observations are every form of doubt than to faithfully, inces­ that there is no zeal of propaganda in a mod­ santly and passionately preach the positive truths ernist communion, and in the very nature of of the Bible and our holy religion. And true things, we cannot think there will ever be. In­ fundamentalists are made at the mourner’s bench, deed, how can any man bccome enthused over rather than in the lecture hall. Error appears the propagation of a negation? Just as soon as in constantly changing forms, but truth, sav'ng he has made his denials convincing, activity log­ truth, remains. Sin and salvation are central ically ceases. Perhaps no layman or preacher theses of a living vital faith now as much as in ever yet stood up to say that the Bible is not the days of Peter of Galilee and Paul of Anti­ the inerrant Word of God, and then concluded och.

DOCTRINAL

HISTORICAL STUDIES IN CHRISTIAN will go down in dogmatic history as emphasizing DOGMA the witne.-s of the Spirit and the doctrine of

By B a s il W . M iller Christian perfection. Let us then begin with Part Four. Extraneous Influences Athanasius and trace the influence of these several theologians, whom we have called pivotal, upon Chapter VI. The Influence of Pivotal the progressive development of doctrine. Theologians Upon Dogma

X our study of dogma in its historical develop­ I. A t h a n a s iu s , t h e T r i n it y a n d t h e P erson

ment certain factors must be noted. Th: o f C h r is t Icrystallization of theology in symbols, or creeds, In the discussions of the trinity and of the tended to affect future theological thinking, as has person of Christ, which are pivotal to the early been outlined in the two previous c h a p te r s theology of the Church, one name stands out Dogmatic positions once taken held on tenacious­ supreme above all other—that of Athanasius. He ly and thus influenced coming dogmaticians. Not has well been termed Pater orthodoxiae, “F ather only is this true, but the writings and theories of orthodoxy.” He is truly a Church father, and of certain theologians stand out as guiding and as one states the history of the church of his age controlling landmarks in the progression of doc­ was the history of his life and teachings. Schaff trine. With Athanasius we connect the dogma affirms, “Athanasius is the theological and ec­ of the person of Christ. The anthropology of clesiastical center . . . about which the Nicene Augustine has remained the orthodox statement age revolves. . . Athanasius contra mundum, et of Christendom. Anselm formulated the doctrine mundum contra Athanasium (Athanasius against of the atonement. Since the day of Luther all the world, and the world against Athanasius), L- evangelical creeds stressed “justification by faith.” a well-known sentiment which strikingly expresses Calvin will be remembered as the formulator— his fearless independence and immovable fidelity building upon the foundation of Augustine—of to his convictions.” (History, Vol. 3, p. 886f). Calvinism, the decrees of God. While Wesley Whenever the trinity is discussed and the person (3) 292 THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE of Christ is subject of debate the influence oi Christ. Backed by a staunch and genuine char­ this thinker will be felt on the side of orthodoxy. acter, thoroughly grasping the conception of the 1. The facts of his life. Athanasius was born unity of God, he taught men to recognize the in Alexandria about A. D. 296, and died in Egypt true nature of the person of Christ and its im­ A. D. 373. His thus was a long life of service portance. He denounced the doctrines of Arius for his Master. In his early years he was a close as untrue and spurious. He taught that (1) the student of the classics, the Scriptures and the Scriptures affirm the existence of but one God. church fathers, and lived the life of an ascetic. The nature, ousia, and the person, hupostasis, are In 325 he accompanied his bishop to the council one. There is no room left for a second God, as of Nicae, where he at once distinguished himself Seeberg states. (Hist, of Doctrine, V. I, 208). by his zeal and ability in refuting the heresy oi' (2) He would not allow of a Father-Son, Arianism, and in vindicating the eternal deity huiopator, nor of a sole-natured, monoo-usios, God. of Christ. It was at this time that he incurred Nor would he permit of “three hypostases sepa­ the hatred of this sect about which so many rated from one another." (3) The clear dis­ storms rose during his life. Three years later he tinction between the Father and the Son, as well became bishop of Alexandria, which positioi. as the unity, finds expression in the “oneness of elevated him to the highest ecclesiastical dignity essence, enotes tes hoysias.” (4) The Logos as­ of the East. At once began the noted contro­ sumed human flesh and became man, and was versy against Arius and his party. As leader of thus true God and true man, which union form' this his name became equivalent to Nicene. the basis for the salvation, soteria, of m an. A small man in stature, still his influence as n The final victory at the Council of Nicae was writer and preacher is as wide and deep as the that of the statement of Athanasius, that the Son centuries. He lived for one purpose—as Luther is of the same essence, homoousian, as the Fa­ for justification by faith, and Calvin for the idejj ther, and not of a like essence, homoeousian. of the sovereign grace of God—that he might The Son was declared to be coequal with the vindicate the deity of Christ, which rightly is Father, His creation was denied, and His eternal the cornerstone of the Christian faith. Not only sonship was affirmed. The debate lasted after in the Eastern church, but also in the Western, this about a half a century and at the Council of he enjoyed an enviable position both as a writer Constantinople in 381, the famous filioque, and and a theologian. the Son, was inserted in the Creed, making the 2. The. Arian controversy. The early Church generation of the Spirit to be from the Father was divided concerning the nature of Christ, or and the Son, and not merely from the Father. the Logos. Some believed that He was truly Thus the true doctrine of the deity of Christ, His the Son of God, coexistent with the Father, and consubstantiality with the Father, the unity in of the same substance, while others made Him to the trinity, and the trinity in the unity of the be a creature and hence undivine. Chief among Godhead was established. those who held this latter view was Arius. He 4. Athanasius’ influence on future doctrine of affirmed (1) that there was one God, unbegotten, the person of Christ. In concluding this section it and the Son was represented as an emanation is well to note that the dogma of the person of (prothole) from God, and not having the same Christ from that time on was fairly well fixed, nature ( meros homoousion) ; (2) the Son had a and it has not been changed by any orthodox beginning; (3) the Logos, though born with the creed since then. The only times when it has sophia or wisdom of God, was created by the been challenged have been when Arianism has Father as the medium through which the world reappeared under a new cloak, such as Socianian- is to come into being; (4) the Logos is hence ism or the more modern Unitarianism. This changeable or variable and not eternal. Passages challenge has been taken up by present-day liberal from the Bible were cited to establish this view. theologians when they affirm that Christ is not Christ thus became a rational energy created by truly God. But in so doing they ally themselves God. Athanasius threw himself unreservedly into with Unitarianism, and deny the basic concep­ this conflict in the realm of Christology and tions of orthodox Christendom. The creed was stated the dogma in such terms that evangelical fixed, and has remained unchanged. The future Christendom cannot escape it. of doctrinal history might have been far different­ 3. The teachings of Athanasius concerning ly written had it not have been for Athanasius’ (4) THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE 293 staunch defense of the homoousian principle. This of human freedom to divine grace in the work principle is basic not only to the creeds of uni­ of regeneration, Pelagius taught: (1) Adam was fied Christianity before the schism between East­ created mortal and would have died, even had he ern and Western Christianity, or Greek and Ro­ not sinned. (2) Adam's fall injured himself man Catholicism, and until the Reformation; it alone, not the human race. (3) Children come also remains the same in the evangelical Protes­ into the w'orld in the same condition in which tant creeds since the day of Luther. In the Adam was before the fall. (4) The human race Augsburg Confession, the Thirty-nine Articles, neither dies in consequence of Adam’s trans­ and all other creeds, this power of Athanasius is gression, nor rises again in consequence of Christ’s felt. resurrection. (5) Unbaptized children as well I I. A u g u s t in e a n d t iie N a t u r e o f M a n as others are saved. (6) The law as well as the In the discussions which followed the formation gospel leads to the kingdom of heaven. (7) There of the Nicene Creed, the orthodox position con­ were sinless men even before the time of Christ. cerning the deity of Christ was fairly well ac­ Pelagius’ system revolves around the human cepted as final. Attention was then turned to state of man in that man was believed to have the nature of man, his original state, his ability been entirely able to seek and find salvation with­ or inability without or with grace to be saved out the aid of divine grace. The consequences The Pelagians maintained the efficacy of un­ of the fall of Adam were necessarily limited to aided human liberty, the Semi-Pelagians the co­ Adam alone and not to his posterity. There is operation of divine grace with the human free­ thus no native depravity. “Pelaganism is a fun­ dom, while Augustine and his party insisted on damental anthropological heresy, denying man’s the absolute necessity of the operation of divine ened of redemption,” avers Schaff. (Op. cit. V. grace as alone efficacious in the work of salvation 3, p. 815.) It is well to note in passing that in 1. The life of Augustine. Augustine was born the modern discussion of religious education this in 354 in North Africa. His early life was heresy is held in that it is asserted that children marked with debauchery until not far from Milan, can be taught religion, without the necessity of Italy, he heard the voice of a child saying, “Take being converted. and read.” He read from Romans 13:14 and 3. Augustine's answer to Pelagius. In to the turned to the Master. He was baptized on Easter controversy of stating the true orthodox position Sunday, 387. His connections with a life of sin as to anthropology Augustine threw himself with were broken, and in 391 he was chosen against his his characteristic zeal and ability. At every will as presbyter in the city of Hippo Regius. turn he opposed Pelagius and his teachings. He For thirty-eight years as the famous bishop of affirmed: (1) That the human will, while free, Hippo—though a small city—he ruled the think­ was still unable by itself to achieve the status ing of the Church. Schaff writes of him, “Au­ for one of a child of God. Grace divine was gustine, the man with upturned eve, with pen in absolutely essential. (2) That the primitive the left hand, and a burning heart in the right, state of man, being one of innocence, still de­ is a philosophical and theological genius of the manded the grace of God to sustain it. (3) first order, towering like a pyramid above his That the fall not only affected Adam, but his age and looking down commandingly upon suc­ posterity, and that all come under the condem­ ceeding centuries. . . . He was a Christian nation or influence of depravity, the fountain philosopher and a philosophical theologian to the source of which was the fall of Adam. This fall full” (History, Y. 3, p. 007). Among his nu­ was complete in its extent, affecting the entire merous writings his Confession and City of God moral nature. (4) That original sin is a native have through the centuries remained unequaled bent of the soul toward evil, with which all as devotional literature. For a good discussion of posterity of Adam, save Christ, come into the his writings see Schaff, op. fit., V. 3, pp. 1005ff. world. The entire race, through the fall, had 2. The Pelagian Controversy. Before the time become a massa perditinois, a lost race. His of Augustine the anthropology of the Church was arguments for original sin and hereditary guilt crude. It was generally agreed that man had were founded upon the Bible. (5) That re­ fallen, that this sin was a curse, that he was deeming grace is necessary to Christian life, and is morally accountable; but as to the extent and unmerited. Gratia, grace, is freely given, gratuita, the nature of this corruption and of the relation gratis data. It is irresistible in its effect (this (5) 294 THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE tenet of Augustine laid the basis for the future (Why the God-mani). Pope writes, “Anselm, in dogma of Calvinism). the later part of the eleventh century, gave an 4. Augustine and the future anthropology of entirely new direction to ecclesiastical thought the Church. The anthropology of the Church on this great question: a direction which has been has remained essentially Augustianian. No man p erm an en t.” (Compendium of Christian The­ has exerted a greater influence over future dogma ology, V. 2, p. 304.) than he. In respect to the doctrines of sin and 1. Anselm’s doctrine of the atonement. A fter grace Augustine is the forerunner of the Refor­ ten centuries of thought upon soteriology, or the mation. The Reformers were led through his doctrines of salvation and redemption, it was writings to a deeper understanding of the theology left for this writer to open the scholastic age with of Paul. In the middle ages even those who his famous theory of satisfaction. To this there would reform the Church such as Huss, Wyclif, was no dawming light, no previous forerunner, etc., turned to the famous bishop of Hippo as and his view is decidedly in advance of the best their light. “No church teacher,” w'rites Schaff, Patristic thought on soteriology, and remains the “did so much to mould Luther and Calvin; none thought of the Reformers on the subject. Hl' furnished them so powerful weapons against the attempted to present the dogma in a harmonious dominant Pelagianism and formalism; none is and consistent manner. On rational grounds he so often quoted by them with esteem and love” sought to prove the necessity of the incarnation (Op. cit. V. 3', p. 1025f.) and redemption, although God’s omnipotence In our analysis of the teachings of Augustine stood in no need of such. He knew nothing of we have emphasized but one dogma, for it was he the theories which base the atonement upon who first gave to the Church a clear statement any claims the devil may have on humanity. of the nature of man and the need of redeeming (1) Basic to his thought is the idea that man grace. We can say to him, as to Athanasius and can attain unto salvation only through the for­ his Christology, that no creed has since been giveness of sins. (2) Sin consists in the creature written—today viewed as orthodox—which is withholding honor due to God. “He does not not founded upon the anthropology of Augustine, render to God the honor due unto Him” (i, II1. or which does not include it. He alone moulded (3) Man thus violates the obligations laid upon our anthropological thinking, so that at once all him as a rational being. (4) The nonpunishment Semi-pelagian theories are excluded from our of sins unatoned for would bring disorder into the evangelical theology. Pelagianism is the anthro­ kingdom of God, “but it is not proper that God pology of Socinianism and Unitarianism, as should overlook anything disorderly in His king­ Arianism is its Christology. The orthodox posi­ dom" (i, 12). (5) But this divine order is pre­ tion with reference to the modern religious edu­ served by righteousness. (6) “It is therefore cation movement, which denies depravity and the necessary, either that the honor withheld be necessity of regeneration as a supernatural act, rendered, or that punishment follow” (1, 13). is essentially Pelagian, and thus its anthropology (7) It is necessary that either punishment or must come under the ban of evangelical theology. satisfaction follow every sin. (S) God chose I II. A n s e l m a n d t h e D o c t r in e of t h e A t o n e ­ the way of satisfaction. (9) But this satisfaction m e n t must be proper, since every small sin alone details Until the time of Anselm lb. 1033 an d d. 1109) the necessity of an infinite sacrifice. (10) Sines there was no clear-cut statement of the nature of man dishonored God by submitting to the devil the atonement. Previous theologians had been then man must render this satisfaction to God by taken up with the dogma of the trinity, the per­ the conquest of the devil. (11) Since this satis­ son of Christ, as is illustrated by the noble work faction is so great that man cannot render it, then of Athanasius, and of the nature of man, his sin, only God can render the demanded satisfaction. and of redeeming grace, as is shown by the (12) But a man must render it, one who is of writings of Augustine. When orthodoxy had for­ the same race, connected with humanity. (13) mulated its theories on these subjects, it remained The God-man hence must render this satisfaction for someone to set forth the nature of the atone­ unto God. This requires the free surrender of ment as a philosophical theory based upon the the infinitely precious life of the God-man. (14) biblical teachings. This Anselm did in no un­ Thus the incarnation and sufferings of the God- certain tones in his memorable Cur deus homo ? man are necessary to render proper satisfaction THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE 295

unto the divine honor. He concludes, “Thus the death as a vicarious sacrifice rather than as a sins of mankind are remitted” (ib). “And thus substituted punishment. He freely died that the the doctrine of the Scripture is proved by reason sinner might thereby be converted. Pope in dis­ alone, sola ratione” (ii. 23). easing Anselm's theory of the atonement makes this statement, “There arc flaws in the Anselmic This argument is seen to be based upon the doctrine. . . . But nothing can dim the value legal maxim, which Seeberg affirms to be the of Anselm’s service to Christian theology, as Germanic, instead of the Roman legal idea, of having established the immanent necessity in the satisfaction or punishment, poena aut satisfactio. divine nature of an atonement for the infinite evil Though defects can be noted in the theory, in and offense of sin" (Com. of Chris. Theo. V. 2. that the basis is purely legalistic, making the p. 305.) death of Christ to be a juristic conception, the sufferings of Christ are not sufficiently related 2. Anselm's influence of future soteriology. I t to His life, and the relation between the benefits seems needless to discuss the influence of Anselm derived from this suffering of Christ and hu­ (in the future soteriology of the Church at any manity is not made clear, still it remains the further length. One word however is necessary. foundation of the theology of the atonement for However many changes might have been made the past ten centuries. The fundamental position in the final working out of the theory, whether of the Cur Deus Homo is the metaphysical ne­ those of "the penal substitution," or of “the cessity of the atonement in order for the remis­ governmental theory,” or of “the vicarious sacri­ sion of sins. It is thus the attribute of justice, fice," in all the orthodox views of the nature of and not mercy, which insists upon legal satis­ the atonement this one remains basic. It is faction. A default may be found in this, never­ only when the “moral influence theory” (to bc- theless the elemental tenets of the governmental discussed in our more detailed study of the de­ theory—which refers to Adam as the head of the velopment of this doctrine) arose that the basic race through whom depravity came to man, and idea of Anselm is cast aside. And this could only Christ the head of the race in redeeming human­ be true: for the moral influence theory is that ity from the guilt and curse of sin—are to be of Socinian-Unitarianism, with its underlying found in this legal theory of satisfaction. Pelagian anthropology and its Arian Christology. On the other hand, evangelical Christendom holds As noted above Anselm was absolutely clear in the Anselmic soteriology, the Augustinian an­ denying the claims ol Satan upon mankind, thus thropology and the Athanasian Christology or necessitating the atonement, and in asserting the trinitarianism. claims of justice as requiring an atonement. In this his theory becomes scientific and is “de­ fensible at the bar of first principles,” as Shedd THE SABBATH IN SCRIPTURE AND states (Hist, of Chris. Doctrine, V. I, p. 283.) HISTORY The theory is colored by the limitations of the By H orace G. C o w a n Roman church, in w'hich it was produced; “but Annual and Other Sabbaths in all its great outlines it has maintained itself and will continue to do so, as expressing the NNUAL Sabbaths" is a phrase fre­ deepest thought of the Christian Church respect­ quently upon the lips of those who ing the Savior's atoning work” (Stearns, Present keep Saturday as the Sabbath, as well Day Theology, p. 384.) A as those observers of Sunday who believe that The Reformation brought out another theory the Sabbath of the Bible was always kept on called “penal substitution," which shall be treated Saturday. The meaning of the term is that, as at length in our study of the atonement. This is held by the Jews, Adventists, Seventh-day Bap­ ofttimes confused with Anselmic doctrine, but tists, and ihose Protestants who hold the Satur­ wrongly so. There are in this dogma two alter­ day principle of the Bible Sabbath, the Sab­ natives given, either the sinner must suffer, or a baths connected with the annual feasts of the substitute must be punished. God chose the Jews, as the Passover, Pentecost, and Tabernacles, latter alternative, and heaped upon the Son all were separate from the weekly Sabbaths and the punishment of the sinner. Calvin brings out occurred only once a year. This distinc­ this theory in his Institutes, Bk. II, Ch. 16. On tion between the weekly and festival Sab­ the other hand the Arminians regard Christ’s baths has been taught so continuously and in- (7 ) 296 THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE rlustriously, with the authority of eminent names of Illinois, in a debate with D. M. Canright. and the background of high scholarship, that it then a Seventh-day Adventist, took the position seems to be an article of faith with most Chris­ that the Sabbath of the law was the seventh day tian people, and any teaching to the contrary is of “a mutative week,” and defended his position looked upon with suspicion and rejected for its with such ability that Mr. Canright was not novelty. Nevertheless, the writer of these arti­ able to weaken it. (This was the D. M .Can- cles believes and will show that “annual Sab­ right who afterward left the Seventh-day Ad­ baths” cannot be found in the Eible, except in ventists, and spoke and wrote extensively against one instance, and is an invention of modern times. their doctrine). But it remained for Dr. Samuel As shown in the last article, the Sabbaths of Walter Gamble, of Kansas, to write the clearest the law began with the feast of the Passover, on treatise on the subject, Sunday the True Sab­ Abib IS, and continued weekly on fixed dates bath of God, 1901, in which he shows conclusively in the months until Pentecost, on Sivan S. There­ that the Sabbaths were on fixed dates in the after, and in the direct, seventhday line from m onths. the Passover-Pentecost Sabbaths, the feast of Recently Dr. Gamble’s book, a new edition Trumpets on Tisri 1, and the feast of Taber­ of which was issued in 1924, has received the nacles on Tisri 15-22, continued the Sabbaths endorsement of the International Fixed Calendar in the same weekly order and on monthly fixed League, now working with the Calendar Com­ dates. Moreover, Abib 1 was a Sabbath day in mittee of the League of Nations for the adoption every year, it being the date upon which the of a new, fixed calendar by all the nations of showbread was first placed upon the table in the world. In a pamphlet entitled, Moses the the tabernacle (Ex. 40:23) by Moses, in obedi­ Greatest of Calendar Reformers, the authors ence to the command of God: “Every sabbath say, “Because the command to work six days is he shall set it in order before the Lord con­ just as binding as the one to rest on the seventh, tinually” (Lev. 24: 8). The arrangement of the the Mosaic calendar provided six work-days to solar year of the Mosaic calendar, consisting of follow the extended Sabbath on the fourth and twelve months of thirty days each, with five in­ fifth days of the third month. T his is the rea­ tercalary days (three at the end of the sixth son for the extra Sabbath arrangement inserted month and two at the close of the twelfth), in the calendar at the date of Pentecost . . . so made the Sabbaths come in regular order and that the work days and Sabbaths throughout the upon fixed dates in every year, both during the year annually recurred on the same fixed dates.” yearly feasts and otherwise. There were no (Italics are those of the authors.) Sabbaths upon other dates, except one to be The “annual Sabbath” theory is narrowed noticed beiow, provided for in the Mosaic law. down to one single day, viz., the day of Atone­ After so many books and articles have been ment on the 10th day of Tisri, the seventh written by men of high scholastic attainments month of the Mosaic calendar. This was pro­ which take it for granted or seek to prove that vided for in Leviticus 23: 26-32. It was to be a the Sabbaths of the Mosaic law always recurred Sabbath, in which “no manner of work” should at the end of weekly periods on Saturday, and be done, and in which the people should afflict that the Sabbaths connected with the yearly their souls, and the high priest entered the holy feasts were “annual Sabbaths,” it is refreshing to of holies with the blood of beasts, “which he find some eminent, modern authorities coming offered for himself, and for the errors of the out boldly for the view that the Sabbaths of people” (Heb. 9: 7). There was no other day the Bible occurred on fixed monthly dates. The like it in the law and customs of the Jews, it first modern writer to suggest the fixed-date Mo­ was the only annual Sabbath. Unlike other Sab­ saic calendar was apparently Dr. Samuel Shuck- bath days, which were feasts of the Lord, it ford, of London, England, who published his was a day of fasting and affliction of soul, and Sacred and Profane History of the World Con­ of making atonement for their sins by the of­ nected, at London, in 1743, and was followed by fering of blood. Its antitype is found in that Dr. Peter Akers, of America, in 1855, in his In- “Christ being come an high priest of good things . troduction to Biblical Chronology, a very erudite to come . . . neither by the blood of goats and work. Later, about 1878, Dr. Daniel B. Turney, calves, but by his own blood he entered in once (8) THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE 297 into the holy place, having obtained eternal re­ to work through the day; on the Sabbath they demption for us” (Heb. 9: 11, 12). rested at home, except when they went up to A writer in The Sunday School Times recently the three yearly feasts at Jerusalem, at which said that there were thirty different kinds of every male was required to present himself be­ Sabbaths provided for in the Jewish economy, fore the Lord. But with all agricultural labor and cited the Mishna as au th o rity . T his is suspended in the sabbatic year there would be typical of writers who have delved deeply in many unemployed men in the country. With the Jewish lore, and have sought to measure biblical shepherds it was different, as their flocks would times and seasons by the modern Jewish cal­ need their constant care in the sabbatic as in endar, but it is not true of the Bible and can­ other years; and other kinds of work were not not be sustained by biblical evidence. The prohibited in the sabbatic year, hence there Mishna includes what was known as the “oral were opportunities for the unemployed farmers law,” which the scribes and rabbinical teachers to seek work at other occupations. The author among the Jews asserted was delivered to Moses of Eight Studies of the Lord’s Day suggests that on Mt. Sinai along with the written law, but “There would be . . . a tendency of these He­ was handed down by oral testimony until about brew farmers to flock into the largest towns, the second century A. D., when it was committed where the greatest amount and greatest variety to writing by a certain scribe. It was the “tra­ of occupations might be found.” Trade, travel, ditions of the elders,” against which our Lord or labor at handicrafts or on public works might warned His disciples, and today all who wish occupy the time of the Israelite farmer during to find the truth concerning the Sabbath will the sabbatic year. do well to adhere to the Bible, and let the The seventh sabbatic year in succession was Mishna and other Jewish traditions go. followed by the year of jubilee on the fiftieth What, then, are the facts about the “other year, making a Sabbath two years long. The Sabbaths” than the one which occurred on same gracious, divine provision for the people’s cach seventh day? for there were other seasons need marked this year as on the previous sab­ of rest and of cessation from labor required of batic years, and special provision was made for the chosen people of God in the land of Israel, cases of need caused by the economic exigences which were called Sabbaths. of the times and people. Land sold during the interim between two jubilees might be redeemed The Sabbath of the day of Atonement has by the former owner or his kinsmen—for it was been noticed, the only annual Sabbath day of forbidden that the land should be sold per­ the law. Next came the sabbatic year (Lev. manently, but must remain in the possession of 25: 1-7), in which a Sabbath a year long was the family of the original owner—and if not provided for, as follows: “Six years thou shalt redeemed before, it returned in the year of sow thy field, and six years thou shalt prune jubilee to those who were entitled to possess it. thy vineyard, and gather in the fruit thereof; but in the seventh year shall be a sabbath of The children of Israel were delivered from rest unto the land, a sabbath for the Lord: slavery in Egypt, and yet they held slaves or thou shalt neither sow thy field, nor prune thy bondservants; but their slaves must be strangers vineyard” (Lev. 25:3, 4). The question arises, or foreigners, and not of the race of Israel. How did the people live, and what did they There were occasions, however, when an Israel­ do, during the sabbatic year? This was a vital ite having “waxen poor” w'as sold to one of his question at that time, for we find it recorded. own nation, and compelled to serve the one who “What shall we eat the seventh year? behold, bought him. But it was expressly provided that we shall not sow, nor gather in our increase." he was not “to serve as a bondservant,” and And the Lord's answer was, “Then I will com­ that he was subject to redemption, and at the mand my blessing upon you in the sixth year, jubilee he went out a free man. and it shall bring forth fruit for three years” The goodness of God in giving the Hebrew (Lev. 25:21). But, what did the people do? people the Sabbaths, on which the benefits of rest It should be understood that a large majority for their bodies, atonement for their souls, and of the Israelites were farmers who lived in lit­ deliverance from debt and bondage were theirs, tle villages, and went out to their nearby farms ought to have made them a people devoted to (9) 298 THE PREACHER'S MAGAZINE

God and His law, and careful to walk in all His And so God gave them into the hands of the ways. They would thus have been a happy, heathen, and they were carried away to Baby­ contented and prosperous people, their every lon, where they became the servants of the king need supplied, and their enemies subdued before of Babylon, “To fulfill the word of the Lord them. The Sabbath was a sign which God gave by the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had between Him and them, that they might know enjoyed her sabbaths: for a? long as she lay that the Lord had chosen and sanctified them. desolate she kept sabbath, to fulfil threescore But their history as given in the historical books and ten years” (2 Chron. 36:21). A Sabbath and the prophets shows that they rebelled against seventy years long, which indicates that the God, and despised His judgments, would not sabbatic years and the jubilees had not been walk in His ways, and polluted His Sabbaths, kept for four hundred and ninety years, a neglect “for their heart went after their idols” (Ezek. which tended to bring the nation to the verge 20: 16). of destruction.

DEVOTIONAL

GREAT PREACHERS I HAVE KNOWN Mr. Murray was chosen twice to deliver a series of sermons on Sunday evenings to young By A. M . H il l s , L L. D. men and the general public in Music Hall, Bos­ No. 7—Rev. W. H. Murray, Pastor of Park Street Church, Boston ton. The vast auditorium was crowded to the limit, time after time. And no wonder! For a HAVE at hand no biography of the life of sample of the style of his address and the singu­ this remarkable preacher, which I deeply re­ gret. He bore the name of the ninth Presi­ lar appropriateness and directness of his speech, dentI of the United States, William Henry Har­ take this introduction to a sermon to young rison, whose premature death cut him off after men from the text, "I have written unto you one month of service in the presidency. young men, because ye are strong, and the Word of God abideth in you, and ye have overcome I do not know the date or place of W. H. H. the wicked one” (1 John 2: 14). Murray’s birth. I understood at Yale that he was a Yale graduate and an athlete. The latter “The idea of strength is intimately connected he showed for he was above six feet high, with with youth. Age is the synonym of weakness— majestic frame, and noble, commanding presence, at least, of diminished vigor. The human frame and beautiful as an Apollo. When he captured with its once hardy flesh and swelling sinews the pastorate of Park Street church, at that shrunk and shrivelled, the erectness of stature time the leading Congregational church in Mas­ gone, the lusterless eye, the tremulous hand, the sachusetts and one of the most influential in all unsteady knees, these speak of vigor departed, New England, I cannot say, but in 1871 his name of motion checked, of beauty fled. They sug­ was on all lips. He had issued some volumes of gest the settling of the current, and the ebbing sermons as pastor of Park Street church. Wen­ of the vital powers. dell Phillips, one of the most accomplished ora­ “But youth is strong. Neither weakness tors America ever produced, heard him preach nor decay belong to it. It is full of strength and said, “Young Murray has captured a large and facile movements. Observe a grove of trees Boston audience by the nape of the neck." when in green, luxuriant prime. How lithe and Henry Ward Beecher, when at the height of flexile! With trunk sunk like a firmly set pillar world-wide fame, asked Murray to exchange pul­ deeply in earth, braced and fastened by a hun­ pits with him. These facts endorse my judgment dred lateral and far-reaching supports, and with that he was indeed a great preacher. branches whose beginnings are in its very heart. (10) THE PREACHER'S MAGAZINE stretching wide out on either side, pliant and times also when he must say yes, and make it tough, each tree with tossing top and streaming ring like the blast of a trumpet. Never did foliage, standing against the blast, tremulous young men need this quality and temper more with delight, and launching defiance at the wind. than they do today; never were there more op­ What cares such a tree for the gale? It meets portunities for its exercise. In education, busi­ it like a broadchested man, inhaling new life ness, morals, politics everything is chaotic, and and vigor from its violence, and tosses its flexile a Christian must pick his way by the exercise branches against it in disdain. How often we of his own conscience and judgment. God has have all seen such trees, and sat and watched made the line between morality and immorality, them sway and bend, slop and rise, while every between right and wrong, between temperance leaf stood out straight as a streaming flag! Such and drunkenness, broader and clearer than ever trees type the qualities and characteristics of before in the history of the world. No eye youth. Take a young man inured to toil. I can fail to see it; and no confusion of issues, do not mean a slim, fragile lad, such as are no partisan jugglery, no evasion of duty, can nestled in babyhood in the suffocating down of ever wipe it out. your cities, but such as were rocked on the “In social life the same is true. In parlors hard, oaken floors of the country—broad in and salons, and on festive occasions, you will chest with shoulders thick and square. Bare his more than once be challenged by the tempter, breast and neck; what breadth, what fulness! and must needs bear witness for temperance See how the blue veins cross it, taut with and piety. At such supreme moments I entreat healthy blood! Turn his head, and observe how you not to flinch. Avoid rudeness, but never with the motion the great ridges of the well- surrender principle. Never be so deceived by the twisted cords come out. Lift the arm; move it sweetness of the draught as to swallow poison. up and down in the socket and mark the play Harmonize with no fashionable folly. Be not of the tough sinews. Watch the face with its moved by sneers, nor swayed by banter, nor cap­ broad brow, the keen, lively eyes, the crisp beard, tured by entreaty. Be true to your highesl the wide, squarely set jaw ; who has ever looked conceptions of right, to those views of duty on such a piece of God's creative power, and not given in the Bible to man, and to those aspira­ marveled? And who of us, with such a pic­ tions for holiness which come to you in moments ture in our mind, wonders that the aged apostle of supreme moral elevation. should say, ‘1 have written unto you young men ‘ To conclude I would say, and I would say because ye are strong.’ ” personally to each one of you, if you have ever There never was an audience of civilized men yielded to temptation, ever stifled conviction, gathered on this planet who would not have ever acted counter to your sense of right, ever been gripped by such an introduction by an been influenced by ridicule, ever joined in with orator who was himself a perfect illustration of less scrupulous companions, you did a weak, a what he was describing. And the concluding wicked and a silly thing. Never, so long as you appeal of this sermon is equally appropriate. draw breath, so misdemean yourself again. Live, “Now, one thing that all young men need, and henceforth, so near the Deity, by faith in Christ which God expects you to exhibit in this moral and along the line of correct conduct, that in warfare, is high, undaunted resolution—or to put the hour of your supremest trial you shall not it in Saxon, grit. To live uprightly and purely only be justified but also glorified, in the pres­ in this age is no play. A young man who re­ ence of God and those most holy angels of His, solves to do it must put himself, as a fencer among whom, as with fellow-servants, you shall does when about to be attacked, on his guard. thenceforth live and love and adore forever." He needs an eye like a swallow's, and a wrist Many years ago a son of Massachusetts said pliant and well-nerved, to parry the thrusts to me, “Every kind of infidelity and skepticism and ward off the passes of his foe. A mild and false religion that has ever cursed this and dovelike disposition does not always hold country was born within fifty miles of Boston.” a man up to the line of duty. . . . There are It is pretty nearly exact truth. But right there times when a young man must say no, and bring Brother W. H. H. Murray preached a sermon on it out like the snap of a frosty file. There are “Modern Skepticism,” which cut like a lash. ( 11) 300 THE PREACHER'S MAGAZINE and stung like a fly-blister. And it fits us yet. to judge her, go not to the churches only, look Among other things he said, “One thing we must not at creeds and sermons. Go forth to fields not forget, namely, that Christianity is a fact. and shops and stores and factories. Behold her Its philosophy is thought out. Its moralities in the action of a thousand industries which she are reduced to practicc; its predictions are ful­ makes possible and directs. Enter the courts filled. Any objection urged against it is to be of justice and see her in laws honestly admin­ regarded as an objection urged against an es­ istered Pass to the legislature, and behold her tablished system. This is the vantage ground in the formation of statutes whose object is to that the Christian religion holds over skepticism equalize the burdens and defend the rights of all. If- one could live in a vacuum he might doubt Go down to the crowded market where men that there was any such thing as wind, and per­ buy and sell, and realize her presence in the suade his skepticism off upon others; but he protection of property, in the rectitude of indi­ would find it exceedingly difficult to do this vidual characters. Visit the homes of New Eng­ when he stood with a current blowing against land, and see her in the loves, the sanctities, his cheek and among those who lived in the the joys of parents and children, for in such open air. Well, Christianity like the wind, is places and things is the religion of a people its own proof. It bears testimony of itself, and really manifested. It is against these, the blessed yet its testimony is true. It is seen in its ef­ results of Christianity, that all enmity to Chris­ fects. Its results are patent to ail, and no ob­ tianity is today addressed. Whoever soils the jection can stand which ignores the powerful fountain, pollutes the stream. Whoever attacks existence of what it condemns. The presence religion, makes war on the results of religion. of apples in the markets proves that there must To sneer at piety is to sneer at that order of be orchards. life, that class of habits, that honorable char­ “Indeed, religion has become so intimately in­ acter, which it produces. terwoven with the people’s life, so embodied in “This is what makes all error dangerous and all our institutions, it exists so little in its abstract irreverence deadly. 1 care nothing about the forms and so fully in its concrete, that in one W'ar that error may wage upon words and defi­ sense no objection can be brought against it. nitions and forms of statement. But when wai “To bring an objection against Christianity is made upon religion itself; when we see that you must object to the civilization it has nour­ the animus of the endeavor is not to improve ished, to the political structure it has raised up, the definition of terms—not to revive an’ im­ and to the character of the people it has edu­ potent truth, rendered so by an unfortunate cated and inspired. You cannot separate the expression—not to teach a higher scholarship tree from the fruit, the stream from the foun­ but to make all scholarship useless—then alarm tain, the fragrance from the flower. They stand is legitimate and counter attack is called for. or fall together. The blow aimed at one hits “Now, ladies and gentlemen, this is the true both; their censure and praise are alike. The state of the case as regards many of our modern skeptics of this city, when they attack the re­ skeptics and opponents of religion. Their effort ligion of New England, attack New England it­ is not to improve the verbal and actual expres­ self. Every sneer against piety is a sneer against sion of religion, but to wipe out all religion. your characters and mine, fellow-citizens; as it They hate it with the hatred which the carnal is against every character inspired at all by re­ mind always feels toward spiritual forces and ligious impulses. For where and when is the results. Their highest, their only, conception of religion of a people seen? Is it seen in their intellectual liberty seems to be a general in­ creeds, their verbal statements of truth, their credulity. They insist that flight is impossible catechisms and sacred books alone? I tell you save in a vacuum. Faith they associate with nay, the religion of a people is seen and judged ignorance. They cannot conceive of a devout in the character of the people itself; it is ad­ scholarship. The graduates of Harvard—I am vertised in their laws, manifested in their hab­ sorry to say it—come forth and prove their its, exemplified in their homes, published in erudition by writing essays to disprove the very their civil institutions, engrossed in the records impulse, to throw discredit upon the very faith of their jurisprudence. If you would see religion in God and regard for man, which originated ( 12) THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE 301 and lor more than a century nourished their skepticism; its second, infidelity; its third, athe­ university. The piety that gave birth to Har­ ism. It first doubts; it then disbelieves; and vard is discredited at Harvard. The daughter finally it. blasphemes. denies that she ever had a mother. “Such being its character and tendency, I warn “I maintain that a scholarship which denies all of you. I warn the public against it. I pray more than it asserts, nay, whose very assertions God to keep all of you and the entire country are denials, is an imbecile scholarship. It would irom it. Had I the power, I would send my be wicked if it was not so weak. warning cry to every city, village and hamlet “To be strong a mind must be constructive. in the land. It should ride the gale, warning It must build, it must elaborate, it must fuse them to flee for shelter to the Rock that is and unite. Coherence is essential to dignity. greater than all human defense. Woe to New The power of God is shown in orderly creation, England in that day when she shall stand in worlds made and wisely governed, in planets stripped of her ancestral faith; when the holy directed, in systems adjusted and impelled and impulses of the fathers shall no longer swell in in those vast constructive processes of energy the bosom of her sons; when the sweet and which stand as parents to the universe itself. solemn influences of heaven shall be withdrawn “The power of God is seen in this; He speaks from us because of our unbelief; and the Holy and laws spring into existence; He breathes upon Spirit depart, grieved away, by the general chaos, and it becomes inhabitable; He lifts his frivolity and worldliness of the popular mind. hand and the stars begin their endless march. . . . What has modern skepticism done but be­ This is God, and man born in His image stand# wilder and confuse, perplex and torture? Has united to Him in analogy. True greatness, of it made anyone’s path wider? Has it taken envy whatever degree, is known by its creation. Its from the bosom of the poor or pride from the accomplishments are positive. It adds to, in­ rich ? Has it produced a scholarship profound stead of detracting from, the bulk of the world's enough to know its ignorance and to be humbled faith and works. by it? Or has it rather given us a class of “I have shown you, young men, that religion men whose attainments are more brilliant than cannot be disconnected from its results. Piety profound, and more egotistical than brilliant— means character, not creed; and every attack self-asserting men, clever essayists, pert special­ that is made upon piety is, in fact, made upon ists, makers of books to advertise themselves, men the character which it causes and which em­ whose reputation as scientists is builded on bold bodies it. guesses and bolder assertions, whose mutual disa­ “There is a true skepticism—the skepticism greements and differences of opinifln make con­ which leads to investigation, which prompts fidence in the correctness of their conclusions the wise inquiry, which searches for the truth as proof of blinder credulity than they ever charged for a lost jewel, rejoicing when it has found it. upon the believers of the Bible? What has skep­ That was the skepticism of Thomas—a skepti­ ticism ever builded or established? What di­ cism which demanded only the needed measure vergent interests has it ever brought into unity? of evidence and when this was given, blossomed What strength has it ever imparted to human into perfect trust. Such doubters are God's weakness? What frivolity has it ever checked? best worshipers; their confessions live and glorify What life has it ever assisted to a higher holi­ the eternal Father. ness? What death has it ever cheered? None. “But the skepticism of today—at least the Nor can it. Its nature forbids the hope. A larger part of it—is not of this kind. It ridi­ shadow cannot warm; a cloud cannot emit radi­ cules forms, but only that it may make the spirit ance. A negation cannot confirm any truth. they embody ridiculous. It laughs at creeds, There is no positive force in it. Its mission but only that it may deride the everlasting is to deny. Without a house itself, it works truths they express. Its effort is not to improve away at the underpinning of other men’s houses. the imperfect expression of religion, but to re­ For fifty years it has done nothing in New move religion itself from the minds and hearts England but disturb and deny. That is its his­ of its worshipers. This, I assert, is its tendency, tory ; that is its supreme achievement. Men its aim, its ambition. Its first phase is a mild say that it has won a wreath. I grant it; <02 THE 1’REACHER'S MAGAZINE

but it? wreath is woven from the generous laiths with knowledge and power, but under the direc­ it has blasted, and the immortal hopes it has tion of a holiness such as the first Adam lost withered. Men say that its brow is white and and the second Adam came to restore—full of garlanded. I admit it; but it is white with the d gnity, innocence, wisdom, and love. In this fu­ paleness of despair, and the garland which shad­ ture I now see, all men appear like brothers, ows it is the garland of death. wrongs are no longer inflicted, misery no longer 'I appeal unto you, then, to become religious, endured. In it are no armies, no battlefields, no confirm yourselves in the faith and practice of a slaughter, no war. Love prevails, peace reigns, ioity piety. I appeal to you who are parents and the glory of the Lord, whose laws are the to do this for the sake of your sons and daugh­ corrected consciences of men, is over it all. ters, who will be just what you make them by Here then are the two possible futures. I put your teachings and your example. I appeal to I hem before you side by side, which will you help make real? you in the name, not alone of the living, but in the name of the yet unborn, unto whom you will “The age ahead of us will be one of con­ transmit your characters, and In so doing ir­ struction. Mighty edifices will be planned and resistibly shape and fashion theirs. Remember reared; vast structures, intended for man’s ac­ that the future teems with life. The past is no commodation and safety, will go up in the face fuller of graves than the years ahead are with of the nations such as the nations never saw. 1 cradles. 1 summon these into life to deepen the seek, therefore, for a sure foundation, for the solemnity of my appeal; I print their faces in fit and adequate basis; where is it to be found? outline upon the air; behold how dense, how I reply, In God’s Word; in religion reduced to thick, how multitudinous they crowd upon your practice, in justice and true holiness. vision—millions upon millions of immortal be­ “I do not expect to live to see the completion ings whose lives you can make or mar. In the of it; but when the temple which will express name of these I appeal to you. 1 exhort you. the full and perfect result of man’s labors is Be what you would have them be, act as you builded, and the capstone, one block of solid would have them act, live as you would have crystal, has been laid amidst the shoutings of them live, that you may die in the same holy all peoples, I pray that it may have the Rock confidence and peace with which we all desire of Ages for its basis, and its entire front one they at the close of their mortal lives may pass blaze of splendor, because it shall reflect as a up to their Maker and their God. mirror does a face, the glory of the Lord." 'In vision I see two futures, both of which President Finney was confronted with, and is possible, one of which will be read. In the distressed by, this same skepticism that was Bred one, if a certain school of thought has its way, in Harvard, and cursed Boston, and overspread and works itself fully out in its influence upon the heart of New England. The negations of men’s minds, it will be a fearful thing to live, the university tended to make the churches timid for in it men will be developed to the fullest and hesitant about believing anything or under­ measure of refinement and possibility of power, taking anything for the advancement of the cause sensitive along every fiber and tense in every of Cljrist. With the denial of Christ's deity, cord; with instructed vision they shall look upon and miracles and resurrection and atonement, the material universe, able to direct the forces the people were perplexed and bewildered and un­ of matter as a master directs a slave, full of decided about all matters of religion, and a miasm developed faculty, high aspiration, and uninter- of doubt hung like a cloud over the city, para­ mittent energy; but to them there shall be no lyzing the faith, and stifling the spiritual aspira­ shield to ward away the arrows of pa;n, no im­ tions of the people. munity against sickness, no consolation in sor­ But I do not remember ever to have read row, no escape from death, no perception of a another sermon on Harvard Skepticism so lucid haven of refuge and rest which their spirits shall in statement, so graphic in description, so crush­ find beyond the grave, no celestial state, no an­ ing in arraignment, and above all, so just and gelic destiny. That is one of the two possible deserved as this discourse by Mr. Murray. I do futures—I thank God, I can see another. In not hesitate to say that in my younger days in this other, not remote but near, I see men filled the ministry, his weekly sermon published in his (14 ) THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE 303 paper, did much to hold me steady in the path of much. Essentials and nonessentials have equal faith, and keep me from running off after any prominence in his discourse. In other words, of the fashionable fads of infidelity of that day. the claims of religion are weak, because weakly 1 also gladly admit my indebtedness to him stated. The unconverted need to be impressed as a writer of noble English. If I have ever ac­ and are not because the pulpits are weak in those quired a forcible style of writing appropriate for elements of strength from which, as streams public address, clear in thought, with short and from their sources, great mental and spiritual well-balanced sentences easy to deliver, and in­ impressions come. stantly apprehended, I owe more to him than "Then there is the difference of views among to any other author. If every candidate for the religious teachers. Our churches are filled with ministry and writer for the press, were com­ discussions that will never benefit anyone. Sab­ pelled to commit six of his sermons to memory, bath school teachers devote their t!me to the it would be an infinite mercy to a long suffering investigation of points of Old Testament history public. They would never get over the intel­ that have no more connection with the conversion lectual benefit received. of their pupils than the battle of Marathon has Suitably to this observation, l'sten to this by with the reformation of drunkards. Doctrines Murray himself on “Why so Many Men Remain are debated, principles of interpretation decided, Unconverted.” “The first reason I shall mention chronological differences attacked, d'scussions why men do not come to God, is because the started of no use whatever in converting a soul. subject is not clearly, forcibly and judiciously I fear a great many of us preach to maintain presented to them. Religion labors under this our own views rather than to win men over to tremendous disadvantage before a popular audi­ right ones. I have heard men preach in a tone ence that its claims are not w'ell argued. We and manner better calculated to make enemies have in our pulpits comparatively few men who than friends. Ignorant piety called it zeal, the state a truth clearly. They have not trained bigots applauded it as courageous; but the un- themselves to do it. They have persuaded them­ regenerate, the very ones his speaking should selves that their usefulness lies in another di­ have won over and melted, got mad, and at the rection. Webster would make a statement so close of the sermon went home, not saying, clear that when it was made the question was ‘Well, perhaps the preacher is right, and I am half argued. Lincoln could put a proposition so wrong; I will go and hear him again anyway.’ clearly that it argued itself. Lyman Beecher No, they never said that; but they went out of would announce divine principles in such a way that church vexed and excited, saying, ‘I’ll that no one could doubt them. Religion never never go and hear that fellow preach again as depended on preaching so much as today, nor long as I live.’ was it ever more poorly served. Its claims, in “Now I call that poor preaching, I do not order to be admitted, must be heard by the care how zealous a man is, nor how courageous. people, and heard, too, set forth in such clear­ A preacher of the gospel is in the position of a ness and force that no one can deny them. herald who has been sent by a king to a province The tongues of fire which came down and sat of rebellious subjects, not to punish them, but upon the early disciples were symbolic of that to conciliate and win them back to their allegi­ greatest of all agencies to forward the gospel ance. To this end he is to use argument, en­ cause. The church today needs and lacks tongues treaty, personal solicitation, great patience and of power. The terms of salvation need to be tenderness, tact and wisdom.” proclaimed so that all must and shall hear. In 1870, Mr. Murray preached a sermon on Jesus needs today men strong in great utterance “The Union of Moral Forces.” He advocated and mighty in speech. not so much a union of opinion as the union of “But even when you find a preacher who a common love for God and a common devotion preaches clearly and forcibly, he often does not to the interests of his kingdom, until we all see preach judiciously. He is not calm, sagacious, God face to face and are forevermore like Him. well-balanced. He mars w'hat he says well by He said, “This is a un'.on to be desired; this saying many unnecessary things. He weakens is such a union as it is our duty to have. And what he insists upon, by insisting upon too this, thank God, is nearly ours. Men say that 304 THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE

1 am hopeful, and so I am ; but my hope is not tory warrants and renders probable. I tell you, a vain dream, poetic aspiration. It is a hope friends, the old warfares, one by one, are dy­ born of knowledge; it is based upon the appre­ ing out. The sounds of bitter contention are hension of a law, a law which I trace through being hushed. Death is gradually bringing a all the pages of history as a man traces a golden conclusion to past bitterness, and traces of con­ thread through a piece of cloth which is being flict are being covered by the grass which grows unrolled before his eves. The progress made on graves. We are all moving, as a ship after toward union and peace in religious matters, in a period of storm goes moving into the west. the last two centuries, is a matter of astonish­ The clouds are broken and rolled upward. The ment. A few facts will illustrate this to your sea and sky are crimson, every sail is a sheet of satisfaction, and show you with what long and orange, every rope a line of gold, and so it moves rapid strides we have advanced. along its path of emerald crested with fire, gath­ “Two hundred years ago tyranny ruled here ering a deeper glory as it moves, until the winds and the worst kind of tyranny at that; for it die out, the waters sleep, and night, brilliant was tyranny, not over men’s bodies, but over with stars, settles over the tranquil sea.” their minds. About all the religious freedom These words of Mr. Murray seem almost the Puritans knew was, 'Think as we do, or prophetic, when we reflect that, though the suffer the consequences.’ Two hundred years Quaker church is one of the least of the tribes ago two men were tied to the tail of a cart, of Israel, an honored Quaker and Quakeress are and whipped through your streets with knotted today enthroned in our White House, elected to lashes, ‘with all the power the hangman could the sovereignty of this greatest nation of history put forth,’ as the record says, their mouths being by the largest majority ever given a President; stopped with wooden gags to prevent their cries and that the Baptist denomination is the next of agony from being heard. And what, pray, to the largest body of Protestant Christians in was their offense? Simply and solely because all this great land. Yes, the Christian world is they were Quakers! A woman, and a recent moving toward “peace on earth and good will mother at that, with her babe in her arms, was toward men,” thank God! tied to the whipping-post which stood on the Here is the introduction to a sermon on “The Common, near the corner of West Street, and Tenderness of God.” Text, “A bruised reed will beaten nearly to death. And why? Because he not break.” “The world is hard—hard in its she was a Quakeress. And when released from policies, feelings and acts. Its judgments are that brutal violence, she dropped upon her knees, harsh, and its penalties are cruel. Socrates it poor woman, and prayed that God would for­ poisoned, and the Messiah it slew. give her persecutors, and bring at last, a day “We may differ as to the cause and origin of of liberty and peace to this city.. this; but we shall not differ as to the result. - “That day is come. It is here, and we are Each mind, advancing along its own path of rea­ living in it; and the soul of that saintly Quaker­ son and observation, comes to and halts at the ess looks down from heaven and sees the ful­ same spot. The world is hard; in respect to fillment of her prayers this evening and rejoices that we agree. Its very religions have inocu­ a,t the s ig h t! lated it with an evil virus—made it dogmatic, - “Two 'hundred years ago, within a stone's unmerciful and fierce. In India, a woman’s throw of Tremont Temple, where Brother'Ful­ hope of heaven lies over the funeral pyre of her ton [a Baptist] is preaching, a man was cruelly husband, and from slavery here, she passes and publicly whipped for being a Baptist. through smoke and flame to servitude hereafter. “Why do I mention these things? Simply that Maternal affection, that holiest instinct of the you may realize the progress which the world human breast, is converted into an engine of de­ has made in the last two centuries toward union struction, and the arms which should protect and peace; that you may see that, when one fling the babe into the waters of the Ganges. expressed the belief, not many years hence all Every faith has had its martyrs, every creed who obey God and love their fellow-men shall has been wntten in blood and every benediction 'stand together, he does not deal in extravagant emphasized by an anathema. The honest con­ speech, but makes a prediction w;hich all his­ victions of the human heart have in every age (16) THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE 305

been derided, and men have lifted up their 1. He would not do pastoral work. He said voices and shouted in brutal violence over the openly and repeatedly that he was “called to ashes of human constancy. The best men, as preach the gospel,” “not to peddle the gospel the world counted goodness in the time of from house to house.” It doubtless grieved and Christ, hated Christ the most. The teachers and offended many of his parishioners, who would exponents of God persecuted God the most bit­ gladly have been blessed by him not merely in terly when He was manifested in the flesh! He the pulpit, but in the Christian fellowship of the came unto His own, and His own received Him hom e. n o t.’ ” 2. He did not live in Boston but in the There is nothing sadder than this retrospect southern part of Connecticut, a few miles east of human perversions of divine knowledge and of New Haven, on a farm. He loved country faculties imparted to man. The verdict of man’s life and would not be separated from it. He own acts is against him; and Calvary remains would take a night train for Boston Saturday today, and ever will remain, the superlative evening, reach Boston Sunday morning, preach expression of the natural cruelty of man on the twice or three times, and by another night train one hand and the tender love of God on the get back lo his beloved country home Monday other. m orning. It has been granted us to live in a Christian 3. He bred and trained fast horses on his age and land. The fagot and the torch are be­ farm and associated much with horsemen. He hind us. The arena no longer smokes with inno­ was too unconventional to suit his people; but cent blood, and the dungeon is no longer re­ he let them understand that he was indifferent garded as an agent of salvation. And yet, the to their opinions! He invented and put on the judgment of the world through other media of market “the Boston buckboard,” a light driving expression not unfrequently reveals the same cart. When the crash came, he got into business harsh and unmerciful spirit. The Pharisees still difficulties, and all at last conspired to induce live; and were there a Christ there might yet be him to leave the ministry. A great pulpit light a cross, and stoning, an expression of their creed. w ent o u t ! In contrast with the harshness and cruelty of Let young and brilliant ministers take warning. man. I am to speak to you tonight of the ten­ Keep out of business, if possible. Do one thing— derness and patience of God toward human preach. By voice and pen, preach! preach! weakness and human sin.” preach! “Be not weary in well-doing, for in What an introduction! In contrast with the due season ye shall reap if ye faint not.” Keep ordinary rambling, irrelevant and meaningless at your job, and leave results with God. remarks, how it grips the attention with the first sentence and challenges thought, and leads to re The soul of a true Christian appeared like such flection about the hardness of man and the ten­ a little white flower, as we see in the spring of der mercy of God! Would that our brethren the year, low and humble on the ground, open­ of the ministry might learn this important lesson ing its bosom to receive the pleasant beams of the about the introduction to a sermon! sun’s glory; rejoicing, as it were, in the calm I should like to quote more passages, but must rapture; diffusing around about, all in like, man­ close. -His reverence for the sanctuary and his ner opening their bosoms to drink in the light dignity in the pulpit was profound. I cannot of the sun.—J o n a t h a n E d w a r d s. recall one paragraph or one sentence in the many sermons I have read from him, that even suggested an attempt at humor. You w'ould He who believes in God is not careful for the as much expect a guffaw of laughter from Jesus’ morrow, but labors joyfully and with a great Sermon on the M ount! heart. “For he giveth his beloved, as in sleep” But, with all his many excellences as a preacher, (R. V.). They must work and watch, yet never I am compelled to say that he did not have the be careful or anxious, but commit all to Him, and success in the ministry that might have been live in serene tranquiliy; with a quiet heart, as expected of him. The reasons were quite mani­ one who sleeps safely and quietly. — M a r t in fest to my mind. L u t h e r . 0 7 ) 306 THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE

EXPOSITIONAL

STUDIES IN THE SERMON ON THE ciples of conduct which have remained valid MOUNT throughout all the ages, and will be valid for all

By O liv e M . W in c h e s t e r time, its symbolism which ever prefigured a new The Status of the Law in the Kingdom and better day when the shadow would be re­ Matthew 5: 17-20 placed by the very image. None of these did HILE Jesus had been discoursing to He come (o destroy. He came, as the original the people on the characteristics and word signifies, “to make them full,” to make functions of discipleship, no doubt them complete. For a direct antithesis to the in the minds of the multitudes there was stirring word destroy, the natural word would have the thought that here indeed was a ‘‘new teach­ been the Greek term which means “to establish." ing.” We find on other occas:ons this thought "to confirm," hut this is not used here. The openly expressed, and with the striking contrast, idea expressed is that of “ filling u p ,” th a t is. between the message that Jesus was now bring­ supplying that which had hitherto been lacking. ing and the rabbinical lore, it would be very In considering how the gospel of the kingdom natural for the idea to assert itself at this time. fulfilled the law, (here are two special aspects Moreover, there were ever present scribes and which present themselves. First, it fulfilled the Pharisees watching with sinister intent every word law in that it gave enabling power to keep the uttered by the Master and eager to calch any precepts of the law. Hitherto man, though he ground for accusation. Perhaps nothing would might recognize the ideal as set forth in the have more readily stirred the multitude and law 3s good, and to be desired, yet he found turned the tide of favor toward the religious within himself ever a principle that “when he leaders of the day and away from Jesus, than an would do good, evil was present with him," outcry, “He destroys the law and the prophets.” and thereby he was not able to realize the good May we no; inter that Jesus discerning this as it lay before him. But the gospel of the possibility in the minds of the men before Him, kingdom came that man's heart might be made gave the injunction, “Think not that I am come pure, that he might not only recognize the good, to destroy the law or the prophets, I am not but with the evil within the soul removed, he come to destroy, but. to fulfill.” would be able to do the good. The second as­ In this pronouncement we have clearly set pect wherein the gospel of the kingdom fulfilled forth one of the governing principles in the in­ the law lies in the fact that all the types and auguration of the new regime ot the kingdom symbols of the Old Testament prefigured the of heaven. Whenever there is a renaissance along atoning work of Christ and a spiritual life im­ any line, there aae two contrasting attitudes parted to the children of God. In the vicarious which often represent the major part of men. sacrifice of Christ, these types received their one is a complete revolutionary position, discard­ highest fulfillment and made possible the mystic ing all the old as having no value and regarding union of Christ and the believers; thus the types the new as of supreme worth. Then there is and symbols were brought to their full fruition. another attitude which clings with undying de­ Accordingly in these two modes the law was votion to the old and regards the new with fulfilled in Christ. suspicion. Neither of these extreme attitudes In considering the prophets, Christ enhanced did Jesus take. He did not proclaim Himself a the moral teachings of these stern reformers and revolutionary like the zealots, neither was he a gave their messages of spiritual truth a deeper conservative like the scribes. He recognized all meaning. Moreover in their writings were many that was good in the law, its fundamental prin­ passages which told of His coming. Without THE PREACHER'S MAGAZINE 307

Christ the prophets could not have been ful • After the validity of the law, even to the filled. least commandments, had thus been maintained, Following the proclamation that “the law and Jesus continues by showing that so far from the prophet#” were not to be destroyed, came relaxing the demands of righteousness in the an assertion of the permanence of the law. This kingdom as compared with the righteousness of was implied in the preceding, but that there the Pharisees, He was increasing the require­ might be no possibility of mistake, it is definitely ments. “For I say unto you,” said the Master, stated here. To make the assertion more em­ “that except your righteousness shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, ye phatic, it is prefaced by a little w ord which is shall in 110 case enter into the kingdom of always used by 'iur Lord to introduce a solemn heaven.” Thus it would seem that altogether we statement, “Verily I say unto you,” said Jesus, have three different classes specified, the least, "till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle the great, and those who do not enter. If we shall in no wise pass from the law until all be were to seek a special characterization of the one fulfilled.” The reference in “jot’' is to iota, the dominated the least, outside of the general de­ smallest letter of the Hebrew alphabet, and in scription given us, we might with Bruce say "tittle” to a small extension which a number of that the earnest reformer, the iconoclast, illus­ the Hebrew letters had. It has been said that trated the case. This writer describes all three an equivalent phrase 'n our English language classes as follows: “The earnest reformer is a would be, “a dot of an ‘i’ or the stroke of a small character compared with the sweet, whole­ ‘t’.” The law then in the least important part some performer, but he is not a moral nullity. of it> contents would remain inviolate until if That place is reserved for another class. I call realized the end for which it was given, even him least, not nothing, for the scribe is the zero. though that fulfillment should not come until Christ’s statements concerning these classes of the heaven and earth shall pass away. The phrase, Jewish community, elsewhere recorded, enable “till heaven and earth pass away” was a cur­ us to understand the verdict He pronounces rent one in literature to denote the continuity here. They differed from the two classes named of the law, and thus would be familiar to the in v. IS, thus: Class 1 set aside the least com­ hearers. Therein they would realize the affirma­ mandments tor the sake of the great; class 2 tion in the language of their religious leaders of conscientiously did all, great and small; class 3 the validity of the law. set aside the great for the sake of the little, the ethical for the sake of the ritual, the divine Accordingly since the law had such inherent for the sake of the traditional. That threw value, there came a warning against a current them outside of the kingdom where only the fallacy among the Pharisees, namely that the moral law has value. And the second is greater, law had commandments with varying degree of higher than the first, because, while zeal for the merit, that there were those which might be re­ ethical is good, spirit. temper, disposition has garded as least and consequently might be left supreme value in the kingdom.” Thus at the unperformed and that there were those which very beginning of His ministry does Jesus utter were greater, to which heed must be given. an invective against the religious leaders of the They were in the habit of comparing the least day, and invective which ever increases in its commandments to the smaller letters of the al­ intensity until it reaches an outstanding climax phabet, and on this custom the reference in the at the close. He shows that their religion has preceding verse to “jot” and “tittle" probably in it no moral or spiritual worth. was based. Jesus sweeps away all such subtle speculation and proclaims that in the kingdom In summing up briefly the central teachings of heaven anyone who has the status of a teacher of this section, we might express them thus, the and sets forth such a principle both by precept gospel ideal of life contrasted with the stand­ and example that there arc certain command­ ards of the Pharisees. In both cases we have ments that may be disregarded, will be rated as clearly set forth the supremacy of the gospel. least, but anyone who both seeks to keep the Passing on to the consideration of homilctical commandments, even the least, and teaches others possibilities of these verses, we might take the thus, shall be considered great. first two for a text and then as leading points (19) 308 THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE use thoughts similar to some which Voiaw sug­ connection with which a little verse might be gests, namely, “The continuity of God’s purpose cited: among men, the eternity of right and truth, and “Children of men! not that your age excel the absolute certainty that the divine ideal is to In pride of life the ages of your sires, develop and triumph in the world.” Hastings But that ye think clear, feel deep, bear fruit well, using only the first verse gives as main divisions, The Friend of man desires.” “Christ the revolutionary, Christ the conserver, Again, reverence for the whole Word of God, and Christ the fulfiller.” Other themes might be and, the norm of the Gospel superior to form suggested which would lend to development, and legalism, might have as their background such as, The relation of the new to the old, in the nineteenth and twentieth verses.

HINTS TO FISHERMEN By C . E. C o r n e l l

What a Wonderful Machine m o th er’s w om b.”— Brown’s translation of Psalm An anatomist who understood the structure l.W . of the heart, might say beforehand that it would play out; but he would expect, from the com­ The Faith of the Fundamentalist plexity of its mechanism, and the delicacy of The Bible is the all-sufficient authority for the its many parts, that it would always be liable faith and practice of the Fundamentalist, but he to derangement, or, that it would soon wear does not believe that the earth is flat and im­ itself out. Yet this wonderful machine goes, movable, that the sun, moon and stars revolve night and day, for eighty years together at the around the world, or that the sky is a canopy. rate of a hundred thousand strokes every twenty- For this we have the authority of Dr. W. B. four hours, having at every stroke a great re­ Riley, President of the World’s Christian Fun­ sistance to overcome; and continues this action damentals Association, who tells us in Current for fourscore years without disorder and without History just what the faith of the Fundamental­ weariness. ist is. Put in three major propositions, Funda­ Each ventricle will at least contain one ounce mentalism consists of “the Christian Creed, the of blood, The heart contracts four thousands Christian Character, the Christian Commission.” in one hour, from which it follows, that there It undertakes, writes Dr. Riley, to reaffirm the passes through the heart every hour four thou­ sand ounces, or two hundred and fifty pounds “greater Christian doctrines; it does not attempt of blood. The whole mass of blood is said to to set forth every Christian doctrine.” Out of be about twenty-five pounds, so that a quantity the great confessions it elects nine points upon of blood equal to the whole mass of blood passes which to stand: through the heart ten times in one hour, which “1. We believe in the Scriptures of the Old is once every six minutes. Truly we are “fear­ and New Testaments as verbally inspired by fully and wonderfully made.” God, and inerrant in the original writings, and M an w as created. 1. According to God’s de­ that they arc of supreme and final authority in sign. “In thy book all my members were writ­ faith and life. ten.” His entire being was pre-arranged by God. “2. We believe in one God, eternally existing 2. Under God’s inspection. “My substance was in three persons, Father, Son and Holy Spirit, not hid from thee, when I was made in secret.” The great Creator superintended the formation “3. We believe that Jesus Christ was begotten of man’s bodily frame in the secrecy of the by the Holy Spirit, and born of the Virgin w om b. 3. By God’s power. “Thou hast formed Mary, and is true God and true man. my veins. Thou didst weave me together in my “4. We believe that man was created in the (20) THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE 309 image of God, that he sinned, and thereby in- A Young Man’s Prayer curred not only physical death, but also that God make me a man— spiritual death which is separation from God; Give me the strength to stand for right and that all human beings are born with a sin­ When other folks have left the fight. ful nature, and, in the case of those who reach Give me the courage of the man moral responsibilitv, become sinners in thought, Who knows that if he wills he can. word and deed. Teach me to see in every face "5. We believe that the Lord Jesus Christ The good, the kind, and not the base. died for our sins according to the Scriptures Make me sincere in word and deed, as a representative and substitutionary sacri­ Blot out from me all sham and gre<-d. fice; and that all that believe in Him are justi­ Help me to guard my troubled soul fied 011 the ground of His shed blood. By constant, active, self-control. “'6. We believe in the resurrection of the cru­ Clean up my thoughts, my speech, my play, cified body of our Lord, in His ascension into And keep me pure from day to day. heaven, and in His present life there for us, O make of me a man! as High Priest and Advocate. —H ar la n G. M et c a lf in Association Men. “7. We believe in that ‘blessed hope,’ the personal, premillennial and imminent return of Morning our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. The following lines were found on the body ”8. We believe that all who receive by faith of an Australian soldier in France: the Lord Jesus Christ are born again of the “Ye that have faith to look with fearless eyes Holy Spirit and thereby become children of God. Beyond the tragedy of a world at strife, “9. We believe in the bodily resurrection of And know that out of death and night shall rise the just and the unjust, the everlasting felicity The dawn of ampler life: of the saved and the everlasting conscious suf­ fering of the lost.’’— The Literary Digest. “Rejoice, whatever anguish rend the heart, That God hath given the priceless dower To live in these great times, and have your part A Man’s Prayer In Freedom’s crowning hour; Lord, teach me that sixty minutes make an hour, sixteen ounces one pound, and one hun­ "That ye may tell your sons who see the light dred cents a dollar. Help me, Lord, so to live High in the heavens—their heritage to take— that I can lie down at night with a clear con­ I saw the powers of darkness take their flight; science, without a gun under my pillow and un­ I saw the morning break’.” haunted by the faces of those to whom I have brought pain. Help me, Lord, that I may earn The Preacher every dollar on the square and that, in earning them, I may do unto others as I would have The preacher is the embodied conscience of his them do unto me. Deafen me to the jingle of congregation. tainted money and to the rustle cf unholy skirts. All sermons are bread, but some have more Blind me to the faults of the other fellow, and crust than others. reveal to me my own. Guide me, Lord, through Preaching without preparation is merely a the day so that each night when I look across form of deep breathing. the table at my wife, who has been a blessing The preacher is an octophone, translating light to me, I will have nothing to conceal; keep me rays into sound vibrations. young enough to laugh with little children and Some congregations are distant after the bene­ sympathetic enough to be considerate of old age. diction, but close during the offering. And when comes the day of darkened shades There are some in every congregation who and the smell of flowers, the tread of footsteps merely receive the sermon and place it on file. in the front yard, make the ceremony short and It is a great day for the church when both the epitaph simple—“Here lies a man .”—Author the congregation and the minister are “all there.” Unknown. While most ministers will doubtless get to 310 THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE heaven, yet many will not remain two years Lord, who will keep us in His will, if our eyes without seeking another location. are fixed on Him. As the minister looks out over his congrega­ How can you build up a life on that prin­ tion, he loves to think that God is using him ciple? Let me give you an outline of a little as a pen to write on lives. Bible reading: If the preacher is not gifted, remember that The definition of an ideal life: you can bring a large torch to a small taper Acts 13:22— “A matt after mine own heart, and carry away a great blaze. which shall fulfill all my will.” (Little David, - J o h n A . H o l m e s , in The Christian Advocate. son of Jesse, finally king of Israel.) The object of life: What Is the End of Life? Heb. 10: 7— “I come to do tliy will, O God." The first thing you need after life, is food: T he end of life is not to do good, although so John 4: 34— “M y meat is to do the will of many of us think so. It is not to win souls— Him that sent Me.’’ although I once thought so. The end of life is— The next thing you need after food is society: to do the will of God. T h at may be in the line Mark 3: 35—“Whosoever shall do the 'will of of doing good or winning souls, or it may not. my Father in heaven, the same it my brother, For the individual, the answer to the question, and sister, and mother.” “ W hat is the end of my life?” is "To do the will You want education: of God, whatever that may be." Psa. 143: 10—1“Teach me to do thy will, 0 my Spurgeon replied to an invitation to preach God." to an exceptionally large audience, “I have no You want pleasure: ambition to preach to 10,000 people, but to dr Psa. 40: 8— “I delight to do thy will, O my the will of Cod’’—and he declined. God." If we could have no ambition past the will of A whole life can be built up on that vertebral God, our lives would be successful. If we could column, and then when all is over, say, “I have no ambition to go to the heathen, 1 John 2: 17— “He that doeth the will of God I have no ambition to win souls; my ambition abideth for ever." is to do the will of God, whatever that may be” ; —C h a s . R. F l e t c h e r . that makes all lives equally great, or equally small, because the only thing in a life is what A World at the Crossroads of G od's will there is in it. The maximum achievement of any man’s life, after it is all Robert E. Speer, moderator of the Presbyterian over, is to have done the will of God. general assembly, has recently said, “The world No man or woman can have done any more today is standing at the crossroads in regard to with a life—no Luther, no Spurgeon, no Wesley, its social organization. We face a world in the no Melanchthon can have done any more with valley of decision—a world that is taking tre­ their lives; and a dairymaid can do as much. mendous chances. It is a world of very much Therefore, the supreme principle upon which deeper religious need than the world that went we have to run our lives is to adhere, through before. We look on a world that is very baffled good report and ill, through . temptation, and and bewildered. All over the world today we see the breaking down of all other religions. prosperity and adversity, to the will of God, wherever that may lead us. It may take you And now it is going to be the Christian religion or no religion whatever. It is a clear issue be­ to China, or you who are going to Africa may have to stay where you are; you who are going tween Christianity and agnosticism. The only to be an evangelist may have to go into business, answer that can be given to the religious need of the new world is the answer of Christ, and and you who are going into business may have to become an evangelist. But there is no hap­ His living gospel." piness or success in any life till that principle is taken possession of. And the highest service Dr. Francis E. Clark is first, moment by moment, to be in the will Dr. Frances E. Clark, founder and president of God. It may be to work or to wait; to of the Christian Endeavor Society, 1851, 1927. stand fast or to lie still. ’Tis He, our blessed died May 26, 1027. Dr. Dan A. Poling, Editor (22) THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE .311 in Chief of the Christian Herald, writes this of First Corinthians, “Changed by the risen trib u te: C hrist.” “Franc's E. Clark lives! He has but gone to And this would be the picture. Something his coronation. His office chair is empty, his like this— facile pen at rest, and ‘headquarters’ shall never It would be an angel. He would be coming more be made ready for his return from distant down the street. He would be coming toward lands. But he is not dead. our door. And his forward presence would be a shadow, and his face would be averted, and “Across the world the heart of youth shall where I stood his wings would cast a cloud. grieve; through misty eyes they shall read in all But on the other side of him, the side turned the tongues of how their good St. Francis passed toward the world from which he comes and to in quiet slumber. Ah, youth shall mourn, but not which he is going with my loved one, I would as those who have no hope. He is not dead. paint wings of burnished gold, and a body of Youth knows! silver sheen. “Gentle and wise; steadfast and prophetic, I would show a radiance flowing all the way loving and beloved, unsurpassed genius in de­ from the stars afar. cision and choice; at once masterful and self- I would paint a brightness streaming from the effacing ; missionary itinerant incomparable since wide-open pearly gates of the City of God. the Paul, who was the first; next to the young Man New Jerusalem. of Galilee, the supreme leader of the young life And underneath the picture I would write, of the world, Francis E. Clark has won his way “Thanks be unto God who giveth us the victory to God’s right hand, and from his harvest of over sin, death and the grave, through orr Lord hearts, rests with the King. and Savior Jesus Christ.” “But the legions are afield! His name is upon —R f.v . C h a r l e s D . D a r l in g , in The Expositor. their lips. And like a trumpet on ahead a voici that death can never hush calls down from heav­ I Would not Worry en's battlements, I would not worry if I were you; “ ‘For Christ and the Church. March on!’” The days will come and the days will go, A nd anon the sky wdll be gray or blue, The Christian’s Overcoming Evangel And the earth be covered with flowers or snow. “The last enemy that shall be destroyed i~ The sun will shine or the rain will fall, d eath .” But God stands over and under all. A drop of water, black with slime, will hang Some days will be dark, with scarcely a sign all day under shade and cloud, upon a blade of That God ever gave you a loving thought; grass. And His face will be hid with His love benign, But let the sun find that drop, and beloie And your soul lie prone with a fight ill fought. the close of the day the water will find wings. And life will seem empty of every joy— And when it rises, the slime will be left be­ A worthless bauble, a broken toy. hind. When Christ enters a human heart, the beauty But I w7ould not wwry if I were you— of goodness, and the greatness of gentleness cast It will all come right, pretty soon, depend; their glory there. The rain will cease and the sky grow blue, After a while the day will be left behind. And God to your heart will kindly send His message of love—and by and by, You will find it where the water drop was on You will w'onder why you should be sad and cry. the blade of green, but the spirit will have found wings. Bide close to the Father, let come what may; Many an artist has painted the dark angel Reach out for His hand in rain or shine; easting his shadow at our door stalking in He will turn your night into sweetest day, darkness down our street. And it is true. But And share His bounty of love divine. it does not tell all the truth. He never forgets for a single day— If I were an artist, I would try to paint a Why need then to fret and worry alway!

picture of death as given us in the 15th chapter — F . B. M c M a n u s in The Ram’s Horn. 312 THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE

-■■mi...... illinium...... nun .....uimuiimiimimiummnuniiimmiiiuiiun'umiimimuinnnmmninunmumuuumiuiuumnummmmmiinmm ...... mini HOMILETIC AL

STEPS IN A SOUL’S DEPARTURE Conclusion: Exhortation to beware lest we FROM GOD take the first step in departing from God; if

B y O l iv e M . W in c h e s t e r we do not take the first step, we will not take the second. But should we under stress of cir­ T e x t : Rom . 1 :2 1 — “Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, cumstances be found in default, then let us re­ neither were thankful; but became vain in their new our covenant and give glory to Him who imaginations, and their foolish heart was dark­ loved us and redeemed us from our sins. ened.”

I ntroduction : Consideration of the forces PRECEPTS FOR CHRISTIAN LIVING which may play upon the soul to lead it away By O l iv e M . W in c h e s t e r from God. T e x t : “Rejoicing in hope; patient in tribula­ I. F ir s t S t e p —D o n o t G l o r if y G od as God tion; continuing instant in prayer" (Rom. 12: 12.) Two possil'e interpretations: Introduction: Setting of these precepts. They 1. We may regard this as a departure from come in a series of such precepts, all of which an intellectual knowledge of God to a are practical in their nature. They are uttered failure to give glory to God as the in brief, terse form much as the Proverbs. They Maker and Redeemer of mankind. differ, however, from the Proverbs in that while 2. Or more directly applicable to our peo­ the latter move on tlie plane of the moral and ple we may interpret as the defection prudential, the former rise to the plane of the from a real heart knowledge of God to religious and spiritual.

a failure to give due glory to God in I. R e j o ic in g i n H o pe (Cf. R o m . 5: 2-3; H e b . times of stress or when we wish to exalt 3:6; 6: 18-10; 1 Pet. 1:3). self. 1 The element of joy is an outstanding Illustration - Moses, Num. 20: 12. factor in the Christian religion. II. S e c o n d S t e p —F a il u r e to B e T h a n k f u l 2. The highest joy, however, is that based 1. We are exhorted to be thankful. Ps. on a hope that has real vitality, such as 100: 4 ; Col. 3: 15. the Christian hope. 2. The benefits of the Lord demand our II. P a t ie n t in T r ib u l a t io n (Cf. Rom. 5:3; gratitude, Ps. 68: 19; 103: 2; 116: 12. Jas. 1:3-4; Luke 21:19; Heb. 10:36). I II . T h ir d S t e p—B e c o m e V a in i n O u r I m a g i­ 1. Patience or endurance in the Christian n a t io n (cf. Eph. 4: 17-18). faith should accompany joy and hope. 1. Exaltation of reason the basis of mod­ Often an emotional nature has little en­ ernism in the rejection of reveiation and durance, but the grace of God tends to the redemptive work of Christ. stabilize this condition. 2. Exaltation of reason the basis for the 2. Patience should be exercised under the negation of the creative work of God most trying circumstances, that is, in and His providential care. tribulation.

IV. F o u r t h S t e p —F o o l is h H ear t I s D a r k e n e d H I . C o n t i n u i n g I n s t a n t in P r a y e r (C f. L uke 1. The heart is the fountain head of good IS: 1-7). and evil (Cf. Matt. 15:19 and Rom. 1. Prayer has been one of the most con­ 10: 10). stant factors in all religions. 2 If the fountain head of light and life 2. In the Christian religion prayer takes becomes darkness, how great is that on new form and force. d ark n ess! 3. The prayerful disposition, however, is (24) THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE 313

the goal to be sought after by which the Introduction: Outside the temple stood the soul can readily at all times send forth congregation singing the favorite psalms at the its praise and petitions unto God. time of worship. They strike out upon “The Conclusion: Hortatory—Here we have a trio Lord is my shepherd,” and sing on from psalm of Christian virtues comparable to other trios of to psalm, “The heavens declare the glory of such virtues in the Scriptures, which if we are God," "He that dwelleth in the secret place of exercised thereby, we will become more exemplary the Most High,” until David under the spell of disciples of Christ and serve God more acceptably. divine prophecy sings, "Thou art fairer than the Will we not give heed to these admonitions and sons of man." Christ is the incomparable One, make them an integral part of our living? outshining in glory the brightest sons of the race, surpassing in power and majesty all oth­ OUR INHERITANCE IN HEAVEN ers. There is no standard by which man can By O l iv e M . W in c h e s t e r measure Christ. He is: "To an inheritance incorruptible, and undefiled, 1. F a ir er as a R e d e e m e r . Christian Science and that fadeth not away, reserved in heaven says “Think beautiful thoughts and be saved." for y o u ” (1 P eter 1 :4 ) . The cathedral of learning says, “Delve into sci­ Introduction: Intense interest is often ex­ ence, chart the heavens, train the mind, and be pressed and earnest effort is often put forth ill saved.” Morality affirms, “Live according to ac­ connection with inheritances here upon earth. cepted ethical standards, and be saved.” Pleas­ I. I ncorruptible (Cf. Matt, b: 10-20). ure, garbed with the glitter of gold, teaches, “De­ 1. Destructive ■ forces often play upon in­ vote thine all to the altar of lust.” But Christ, heritances here upon earth. amid the clamoring voices of the age cries out, 2. In heaven, however, there is nothing to “Come unto me . . . and I will give you rest.” corrupt or destroy. He is the Savior incomparable, the only Savior I I. U n d e f il e d of the world. 1. There is no joy or pleasure on earth 2. F a ir er a s a n A n c h o r o r t h e S o u l . Life but has its minor strain. is a sea whipped into wild frenzies by the rag­ 2. The heavenly inheritance has no taint ing tempests. Round about everywhere the storm or alloy in it. rises higher—they sink—souls drift—strike the I II. F a d e t h N ot A w a y shoals—and go down in despair. Ah, there is an 1. Inheritances upon earth often are tran­ anchor which will hold amid the wildest storms sient—the rich at times become poor. of passion, the tempests of financial strain, the 2. The heavenly inheritance is permanent o’erwhelming floods of temptation. ’Tis the and abiding. Anchor, Christ Jesus. No other anchor holds so IV . R eser ved securely in life's storms as Christ. Place your 1. Often in the case of inheritances the will confidence in education—and life becomes an is contested and the one for whom the empty shell; in gold—and it disappears in thin inheritance was intended fails to receive air; in friendships—and when the hours of grief it. rush in as a tide, human hands are too frail to 2. The heavenly inheritance will be reserved bear thee up. Christ is the Anchor all-sufficient, for the special individual. un movable! Conclusion: Hortatory—Let us give heed to 2. F a ir er as a n I n s p ir a t io n fo r a n E n n o b l e d make “our calling and election sure” that we L i f e . Would man build a career? Devote his become “heirs of God and joint-helrs with life to saving an unknown, and an unlovable C hrist." tribe of earth's darkest spots? Live for service, sacrifice and loyalty ? Then let him meet Christ, SOME PREACHED SERMON OUTLINES and hand in hand to the heights of service and IN CHRIST sacrifice they will climb. No man in whose B y B a s il W . M il l e r life Christ is enthroned can fail. Call the roll The Supreme Beauty of Christ of earth’s mightiest and they have bowed at the T e x t : “Thou art fairer than the children of cross. Paul, Luther, Wesley—preachers; New­ men” (Psa. 45: 2). ton, Faraday, Kelvin—scientists; Florence Night- (25) 314 THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE

insale, Livingstone, Carey—the race’s benefactors ers of scorn can be pointed at one. This glori­ - -at the cross of Christ their lives began. None ous gospel of Jesus effaces the past, purifies the else has lifted man to the heights of renown as soul, and sends one into the future as a new Christ. None else as He has placed the fire of creature in Christ Jesus. The sinner and the achievement in man’s blood. saint are then placed on an equal standing. For Conclusion: In the terms of the song, soul, Christ is enthroned within. yield thine all to His tender embrace. From Conclusion: Whatever Christ wrote, it was a the paths of sin, go back to Calvary and begin message of freedom from sin's yoke, peace from life anew, transformed. On his face gaze and sin's tempest in the soul, release from sin’s clank­ be redeemed. ing chains upon the heart. So today would He meet man, and transform him. When Jesus Wrote on the Sand T e x t : “But Jesus stooped down, and with his The Triumphant Christ finger wrote on the ground” (John 8:6). T e x t : “/ also overcame and am set down with Introduction: Jesus was not a maker of books; my Father in his throne” (Rev. 3:21). but He- is the inspiration of more books than any Introduction: In every realm Christ is tri­ other character or event of the ages. He wrote umphant—His person is supreme—His empire of no prefaces or introductions to the works of the love is the world’s mightiest—His wisdom sur­ famed men of His age; but the world’s greatest passes all others. As a warrior in the battle He have never tired writing of His deeds and glory. overcame until victory is His. Over every foe But once is it recorded that He wrote, and He has triumphed. He conquered every enemy. then it was not on the papyrus or vellum of His age, nor the clay tablets of earlier centuries; 1. A t C alv a r y Christ triumphs over sin— here He purchased redemption—here He battled but on the shifting sands, so that the breath of the sea at the next moment obliterated His words. the cohorts of hell - but He is victor over sin. It might have been that He wrote a message of 2. A t P e n t e c o s t Christ triumphs in the realm scorn for the Pharisees, or quoted a passage of moral and spiritual power and enthronement. from the prophets. Putting His life in these few The keynote of Christianity’s progress, sweeping words, or His message to a sentence or merely as a fioodtide the nations of the ages, its power a phrase or so, it might have been that He of triumph over nations and men is Pentecost. thus wrote: Here through the Spirit • He was enthroned in

1. A M e ssa g e of S a l v a t io n —or the remission His followers and surcharges them with power of sins. A daughter had strayed, her virtue was over every foe. stolen, others condemned, but Jesus consoled. 3. A t t h e O p e n T o m b Christ triumphs over Others would have stoned her; but Jesus for­ man’s last mortal foe—death. In answer to Job’s gave her. His message throughout life was one question cry it aloud, “If a man die, he shall of forgiveness. For the soul, strayed, lost, out live again.” Christ died and arose—and as He of the bounds of His tender mercy, today His so also shall we die, and arise again. At the message is one of salvation, release from sin. open tcmb Christ assures us of the future life of 2. A M e ssa g e of C o n s o l in g P ea c e. Others glory in the heavens. did scorn her; but Christ only said, “Go in peace Conclusion: Enthroned in the heart of man and sin no more.” All that have come to Him Christ makes out of him also a conquerer. There have heard these same words of consolation, “Go is victory when Christ is by one’s side. Forty in peace.” We come to Him with turbulency brave Christians to the last man died, as the in the breast, but we leave with a peace serene. Roman guard watched over them, promising life We come laden with sin, but we go away with to anyone who would turn from Christ. When “wings to the soul.” but one remained alive, turning to the guard he 3. A M e ssa g e o f F r e e d o m F r o m F u t u r e signified that he would worship Ctesar. The A c q u is it io n . The law says that man shall suf­ guard said, “Give me thy clothes; let me take fer for his transgressions, and after his penalty thy place; and for Christ I will give my life in is inflicted, society still condemns. But when thy stead, thou coward.” Yes, Christ conquered, Christ blots out the transgressions, no more fing­ and still conquers. (26) THE PREACHER'S MAGAZINE 315

ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL stories.” So a generous half went to the poor

Compiled by J . G l e n n G o u l d neighbor. Instantaneous Conversion A little later, while the storm still raged, a The “Puncher” was a prize-fighter by profes­ knock came, and a farmer who usually supplied sion, and it would seem as though he had dropped us appeared, saying anxiously, “I started for about as low as a human being could possibly Boston with a load of wood, but it drifts so I fall and stiil retain the human semblance. So want to go home. Wouldn’t you like to have me low down the incline had he gone that he was leave it here? It would accommodate me and seriously meditating the murdering of his wife you needn’t hurry about paying for it.” We “for the fun of it." He was in a saloon drink­ children were much impressed as father said, ing at the time it happened. At the time what “Didn’t I tell you wood would come if the happened ? Well, something extraordinary took weather didn’t moderate?”— L o u is a M . A l c o t t . place—that is sure. We cannot stop to detail, P h il. 4: 19 but anyway, he came out of the evil resort, Kiyomatsu Kimura came to America to learn went direct to ftis wife w'hom he had marked of Dwight L. Moody how to be an evangelist. for murder, and this is what he said: “Mollie, Moody was impressed by the young man and I am going to join the Salvation Army.” Mol­ advised him to secure training at the Moody lie, of course, was incredulous, but they went Institute. They were then at San Jose, Cali­ (o the meeting. They both marched up to the fornia, and Mr. Moody bethought himself that penitents’ bench; And now may we quote from the Japanese student might not have money- (he book? “I cannot describe my sensations. enough for the ticket. “Have you any money?" The past dropped away from me; it dropped he asked. “Yes," replied Kimura. “How much?" like a ragged garment. An immense weight was “Thirty-five cents.” “How do you expect to lifted from my brain. I felt light as air. I get to Chicago on thirty-five cents?” “How do felt clean. I felt happy. I felt my chest swell. you interpret Philippians 4: 19?” “Very well, I cannot say what it was. All I know is that I shall expect to see you in Chicago in Septem­ there at that bench I was dismantled of all ber.” horror and clothed afresh in newness and joy.” Kimura held revival meetings in San Jose And the other stories cited in Harold Begbie’> among his countrymen, and established a church book are quite as remarkable. They are illus­ trations of deliverance from a most incredible of fifty members that summer. Bishop Harris, captivity. There is nothing in Holy Writ more under whom he had labored, gave him a ticket wonderful. The change in these poor derelicts to Chicago, and his grateful church members seems simple, but behind it is the mighty power presented him with a purse of fifty dollars. He of the gospel of the cross, and the truth for which went there and pursued the two years’ course, that gospel stands—that the very lowest can and then was ready to return to Japan to labor. be loved and lifted into the liberty of the light But whence would come his ticket there? One evening he was one of three speakers in a St. of G od.— D r . M a l c o l m J a m e s M cL e o d . Louis meeting, but the preceding speaker took Faith in God an hour and a half for his talk and just one One snowy Saturday night, when our wood was minute was left for Kimura. “My name is very low, a poor child came to beg a little, as Kimura,” he said. “I am from Japan. I have the baby was sick and the father on a spree no mission board or fence behind me, only with all his wages. My mother hesitated at God Almighty. Remember me in your prayers.” first. Very cold weather was upon us; a Sun - Alter the meeting as he was passing out in day to be gotten through before more wood the crowd he felt someone’s hand in his pocket. could be had, and we also had a baby. My Turning he saw a little old woman withdraw­ father said. “Give half our stock, and trus* in ing her hand. She quickly slipped away in Providence; the weather will moderate, or wood the crowd. In the pocket she had left an en­ will come.” Mother answered in her cheery velope with money enough to take him to way, “Well, their need is greater than ours, and Japan and then have a good supply over. He if our half gives out wre can go to bed and tell always remembered Philippians 4: 1<5. — Selected. (27) 316 THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE

The Christ Brotherhood in Africa time that he told him that he was going to Before the people of God began to spring up cease following Him now. The Savior’s ways in the forest there was no intertribal talk of w*ith souls are as wonderful and tender now as “brother” unless between allied tribes. I once they were then, but we, too, would be saved, heard long talk of this matter on a forest jour­ great sorrow's if we were more intent on present ney. I had four hammock carriers, each of a fidelity than upon future felicity. “Mother,” said different tribe. a small boy, to whom his mother was speaking “This walking that we walk today,” they told recently on duty, “let us talk about something each other on that journey, “is a strange walk­ more interesting.” That is the way with all ing for black people to walk. Four men of four of us. But what interests Christ most is to tribes walking in one company and doing one see us now and here acting in the spirit of the work. God alone could unite us after this heavenly kingdom.— D r . R o bert E . S p e e r . fashion.” And to the white woman they said, Though the Outward Man Perish “Before the time of the things of God, not one John Quincy Adams at the age of eighty met of us but would have feared to meet the other. a friend on a Boston street. “Good morning,” Ah, brothers, is it not a true word?” said the friend, “and how is John Quincy Adams “He tells the truth.” today?” “Thank you,” was the ex-president’s “And now, we eat together and we sleep to­ reply, “John Quincy Adams himself is well, gether like people of one village.”—J e a n K e n y o n quite well, I thank you. But the house in which M a c k e n z ie . he lives at present is becoming dilapidated. It Dignity of Labor is tottering upon its foundation. Time and and There is an exceedingly suggestive picture by seasons have nearly destroyed it. Its roof is Millet, the French painter. I dare say nearly all pretty well worn out. Its walls are much shat­ of you have seen it. It is called “The Angelus.” tered and are trembling with every wind. The There are two peasants, a man and his wife, old tenement is becoming almost uninhabitable standing in the field where they are toiling, and I think John Quincy Adams will have to In the west we see a temple with its spirit. It move out of it soon. But he himself is quite is eventide. The sun is sinking, and out from well, quite well.”— Selected. the spirit of the sanctuary there sounds across The Scar of the Cross the field the angelus, and when these peasants If there is one scene that sensitive hearts should hear it, they uncover their heads, and in the shrink from, it is the awful scene of crucifixion. fields they bow to pray. But there is a beauti­ We never could have endured to look on Cal­ ful significance that Millet has made the light vary, and yet it is Calvary that we commemorate. coming from the setting sun to fall on the wheel­ Is not that strange? A story I heard the other barrow and the spade. There is the church, Sunday will explain it. There was a lady who there are the worshipers, and there is the spade was very beautiful—all excepting her hands, —and the illuminated thing that wears the halo which were misshapen and marred. And for is the common implement of toil.— D r . J . H . many a long day her little daughter had won­ J o w e t t . dered what was the meaning of those repulsive Duty and Destiny hands. At last she said to her, “Mother, I Simon Peter is like all of us: he would rather love your face, and I love your eyes and your talk about future destiny than about present hair, they are so beautiful. But I cannot love duty. His question is not, “What shall I do your hands, they are so ugly.” And then the now?” but, “Where art thou going?” Jesus, mother told her about her hands: how ten with his absolute candor, drove the necessary years ago the house had taken fire, and how the truth home into Peter’s soul. Future destiny was nursery upstairs was in a blaze, and how she a great thing, but what Peter needed to face had rushed to the cradle and snatched the baby was present denial. And sure enough, that from it, and how her hands from that hour had very night the man who was so interested in the been destroyed. And the baby saved was her future, fell like a coward and a traitor. The little listening daughter. And the daughter kissed Lord was very gentle about it. He told Peter the shapeless hands (that she used to shrink from, he should follow Him some time at the same before she knew their story) and she said, (28) THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE 317

“Mother, I love your face and your eyes and Palestinian lake in April, I have no right to your hair; but I love your hands now best of say that it is contrary to my reason—it is con­ all.”—G. H. M o r r is o n . trary to my experience. If I am to cut down Miracles and Human Experience Christianity to the dimensions of my experience, I travel into the South Seas, and I meet a I shall not have anything left of surpassing value. man there who has never so much as heard of The fact is, Christ transcends my experience at ice, and I say, “My southern friend, I walked every point. What He said runs as far be­ across a lake one day in February, and i ever yond me as what He did. “I do always those even got my feet wet.” And he throw; up ills things that are pleasing unto Him.” That is hands in amazement, and says, “That is con­ farther beyond me than walking on the water. trary to reason.” What he is trying to say is “He that hath seen me hath seen the Fatber.” that it is contrary to his experience. When the I could never say a thing like that. — D r . Evangelist tells me that Jesus walked ac.-oss a C h a r l e s E. J e f f e r s o n .

PRACTICAL

PREACHER’S VOICE AND DELIVERY finable limits, the more it makes an appeal

By W . W . M y e r s intellectual.” VII. It is possible to emphasize by the use of N the previous article on the forms of em­ rhythm out of all proportion to the content of phasis two forms were discussed. One was the message. “The proverbial negro philosopher” I the method of emphasis by the use of in­ depended upon rhythm more than upon the flection, which is the kind that predominates in content of his message to produce the desired conversation: the other was the method of effect upon his listeners. One has only to visit emphasis by change of pitch, which is the prin- a few meetings among the colored people to c'pal form in contrast and subordination. There realize the truth of this statement. “Many mod­ remain three forms for discussion in this article. ern evangelists,” says Walter Dill Scott, “are especially powerful in the use of rhythm in their The first of these three, the third method, is d'scourses, and the effects produced are out of that of rhythmic emphasis. This consists of a all proportion to the substance of their sermons.” “greater prolongation of pause and the conse­ These statements are sufficient to show one the quent increase of touch.” It implies strong emo­ importance of rhythmic emphasis. It should be tion and “suggests the movement of vivid im­ studied by all our preachers so that they might pressions wh’ch are intensely felt. It expresses know how to use it to the best advantage in the intense fervor and deep continuous flow of building up the kingdom of God. passion.” There are two appeals which a speaker may make to his audience; he may appeal to Rhythm exists in prose as well as in poetry. their intellect, or he may appeal to their emo­ It is necessary, then, to have some rhythm in tions. When an appeal is made to the intellect reading, but care must be taken not to overdo the rhythm becomes broken and irregular; when it. “It is esthetically displeasing,” says Dr. Curry, it is made to the emotions it becomes smooth “to have too much made of rhythm in the read­ and regular. “The more smooth, regular, and ing of prose or poetry, but the highest mani­ obviously rhythmical speech becomes,” says Dr. festations of art are present when the rhythmical Woolbert, “the more it stirs up a total bodily form is used to express the thought.” attitude—emotions—in hearers; while the more The following selections are given for study. varied, broken, and unmetrical it is, within de­ Read them first, making an intellectual appeal, 318 THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE and second, making an appeal to the emotion?. meaning, he can add very definitely to that The methods of emphasis for these two appeals meaning by keeping silent while the meaning sinks are well expressed by Dr. Curry: “Emphasis by in and effects its full mission. Or, again, if the means of inflection and intervals or the exten­ hearers are listening intently to the thought of sion of form accentuates the logical relation of the speaker, a sudden silence brings all their ideas; rhythmic emphasis expresses the intense listening powers to a focus on what is coming fervor and deep continuous flow of passion." next. Either of these types of the dramatic pause Contrast tlies'' methods in reading the selection is very effective in carrying both logical intent below. Read it first in the conversational style and personal attitude, but especially the latter. of direct address. A sudden silence has the same effect as a sudden noise—it attracts attention and gets an intense “Sunset and evening slur, and one dear call for reaction. Silences judiciously interposed compel rue! attention to ‘he speaker’s thought, and so keeD And may there be no moaning of the bar when the meaning to its intended destination.” I put out to sea. If the reader will pause at the dashes in ren­ But such a tide as moving seems asleep, too der'll" the following sentences, he will note the full for sound and foam, effect which may be produced by the emphatic When that which drew from out the boundless pause. deep turns again home. “The one rule for attaining perfection in my “Twilight and evening bell, and alter that the irt -is practice" dark! “Quoth the raven— nevermore. And may there be no sadness of farewell, when “My answer would be—a blow. I embark; “ This—shall slay them both." For tho' from out our bourne of time and place “Of all sad words of tongue or pen. the flood may bear me far, The saddest are these: ‘It might have been.’ ” I hope to see my Pilot face to face, when I “Whom therefore ye ignorantly worship— him have crosst the bar." declare I unto you." — T e n n y s < in . “At the devil’s booth all things are sold, Now read the selection again giving attention to Each ounce of dross costs its ounce of gold; rythm and to feeling. For a cap and bell our lives we pay, Bubbles we buy with a whole soul’s tasking; In reading the following selection give special ’Tis heaven alone that is given away, attention to rhythmic emphasis, and practice it ’Tis only God may be had tor the asking." until you can read with some degree of pro­ The above selections will give the reader a fair ficiency. representation of this mode of emphasis. Other “Full many a gem of purest ray serene examples may be found in your-reading if you The dark unfat hom'd caves of ocean bear; will watch for them. Full many a flower is born to blush unseen. The last method of emphasis to be discussed Ana waste its sweetness on the desert air." is that of force. This consists in speaking the

- From the Elegy, G r a y . important word or words with a greater de­ cree of loudness or with more intensity; it may Passages of scripture which should be read with he a combination of both. This method is the rhythm arc as follows: most common, although it is by no means the Psalm s 1, 10, and °1 ; Isaiah 35 and 53; and most important. It is so common that the term Job 30: 10-25. emphasis is often associated with only this one The fourth method of emphasis is that of pause. form. This consists in making a rhetorical pause jus! “The degree of loudness is governed by mental before or just after the emphatic word. It is concept rather than by the emotions.” A high very effective although it is seldom employed key and a loud tone are frequently used to­ alone; some other form usually accompanies it. gether, both resulting from an excited mentai “When a speaker,” says Dr. Woolbert, “has just state. Passions such as joy, alarm, terror, de­ uttered words that carry vital and impelling fiance, or rage require a louder tone than con- THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE .HO tentment, timidity, pathos, veneration, or rev­ ‘‘It is written, My house shall be called the erence. 11 one is governed by the meaning this house of prayer; but ye have made it a den of mode of emphasis is practically self-evident in thieves” (Matthew 21: 13). the following: Having discussed each mode of emphasis sepa-

“H alt!” tin1 dust brown ranks stood fust; atelv, we shall now add a few remarks with re­ “Fire!” out blazed the rifle blast. gard tii their use in conjunction with each other. It is seldom ever that one method is used to the Degree ol loudness and intensity are sometimes exclusion of all others. In the examples already used interchangeably, although they differ con­ given will be found other forms of emphasis be­ siderably. Degree of loudness is dependent upon the amplitude of the vibrations of the vo­ side the one being illustrated. In closing one example will be given showing the use of the cal cords; intensity is dependent upon the ‘'mani­ various methods in conjunction with each other. festation of thought and emotional life as ex­ pressed by the entire body,” Intensity is not ‘‘This was the noblest Roman of them all: dependent upon mere loudness, but it is depend­ All the conspirators, save only he. ent upon earnestness. Note the difference in force Did that they did in envy of great Ca'sar; in reading the above quotation and in reading the lie only, in a general honest thought • following one: And common good to all, made one of them. “ IV gods! Must / endure all this/" His Hie wits gentle, and the elements In the first passage the emphasis is brought about So mix'd in him that nature might stand up by the degree of loudness; in the second, by the And say to all the world, ‘t h is was a m an!'" intensity. - From Julius Ca'sar, S h a k e s p e a r e . The following selections will be found useful In the last clause, “This was a man," it is in the study of torce as a means of emphasis. possible to combine all live methods. T;he w ord, this, may be spoken both with inflectional “I do believe, Induced by potent circumstances, that emphasis and with force. It may also be fol­ lowed by the dramatic pause. The last three You are mine enemy, and make my challenge: words, was a man, may be spoken on a lower You shall not be my judge, tor it is you pitch, thus emphasizing the central idea by Have blown this coal betwixt my lord and me; change of pitch. This last clause must also II hich Cod's dew quench1. Therefore, I say again, I utterly abhor, yea, from my soul have a rhythm in harmony with the preceding lines, so rhythmic emphasis also plays its part Refu.se you for my judge; whom, yet once more. in bringing out the central idea. I hold my most malicious foe, and think not At all a friend to truth.'’ The mastery of the various forms of emphasis cannot be accomplished in a day. It will take —From Henry VIII, Shakf.spkark. months of careful practice. Do not be discour­ aged, but keep everlastingly at it. Perseverance “Too hard to bear! why did they take me thencef will win. Remember that if one would be at his 0 God Almighty, blessed Savior, Thou best in presenting the gospel of Jesus Christ, That didst uphold me on my lonely isle, he must master these principles. Uphold me, Father, in my loneliness .4 little longer! aid me, give me strength Not to tell her, never to let her know. GOLDEN WEDDING SERVICE Help me not to break in upon her peace. My children tool must I not speak to these,'' By J . VV. G o o d w in They know me not. I should betray myself, LTHOUGH I have been in the ministry Never; no father's kiss for me—the girl for over thirty-six years, the recent So like her mother, and the boy, my son.” A occasion of the anniversary of the wed­ —From Enoch Arden, T e n n y s o n . ding of Dr. and Mrs. H. F. Reynolds was the first in which I have been called to lead in a There is one saying of Jesus where this method service of a Golden Wedding. It was indeed was employed, although Christ seldom empha­ a question how to proceed and maintain the dig­ sized by the use of force. nity becoming such a service. But we believe (31) 320 THE PREACHER’S MAGAZINE the Lord helped us, and thinking it would be (The minister shall then address the man thus): of interest to our ministry, 1 am herewith giv­ Do y o u ------in the presence of God ing, as far as I am able to remember, the serv­ and these witnesses, solemnly confirm the holy ice which was used extemporaneously, with a vows of your marriage covenant ? few added suggestions. This of course is in­ (Answer: “I do.") tended only to suggest a plan for such a service. (The minister shall then address the woman (When the congregation has gathered, the lead­ th u s :) ers in the service may march down the aisle, followed by the man and woman and their chil­ Do y o u ------in the presence of God dren, if they are present; and when before the and these witnesses, solemnly confirm the holy altar, the minister may say:) vows of your marriage covenant? We are assembled here in the presence of God (Answer: “I do.”) and these witnesses to again recognize the sa­ Here the eldest daughter shall take the right credness of holy relationship of the marriage hand of the woman and shall place it in the covenant. Fifty years ago today this man and right hand of the minister, and the eldest son woman were united in the holy estate of matri­ shall take the right hand of the man and place mony, which is an honorable estate, instituted it in the right hand of the minister, who shall of God in the time of man’s innocencv. “For hold their right hands and have them repeat this cause a man shall leave his father and his after him the following statement of confirma­ mother and shall cleave unto his wife and they tion: twain shall be one flesh.” And “What God “I (using the full name of the man) do now, hath joined together let not man put asunder.” in the presence of God, and these witnesses, sol- This holy estate signifies the mystical union that solemnly confirm the holy vows of our marriage exists between Christ and His church, which covenant.” holy estate Christ adorned and beautified with (Then the minister turning to the woman) His own presence and there performed His first “I (using the full name of the woman), do miracle for the benefit of the guests. It was now in the presence of God, and these witnesses, commended by St. Paul to be honorable among solemnly confirm he holy vows of our marriage all men; and therefore it is not by any to be covenant.” entered into unadvisedly; but reverently, dis­ (The children may then join hands in a creetly, and in the fear of God. semi-circle while the minister makes the follow­ Fifty years ago our brother and sister cov­ ing pronouncement:) enanted together to live after God’s ordinances Forasmuch as this man, our brother, and this in the holy estate of matrimony. They then woman, our sister, have confirmed their former pledged to love, honor, and keep each other in covenant of fifty years ago, to live together in holy sickness and in health; and forsaking all others, wedlock, and have witnessed the same before to keep themselves pure in this holy estate as God and this company, and declared the same by long as they both should remain alive. joining hands, I pronounce that they are hus­ After fifty years of beautiful wedlock, our band and wife and that they shall continue to­ brother and sister come hither to confirm their gether in the name of the Father, and of the covenant with each other and with God, be­ Son, and of the Holy Ghost. fore these witnesses. I would therefore call upon (Here the glosing prayer should be offered.) you all to join in the spirit of prayer and thanks­ (The following benediction may be pro­ giving. nounced: ) (Here prayer may be offered). “The Lord bless thee and keep thee, and be (The sons and daughters having formed them­ gracious unto thee. The Lord lift up his coun­ selves into a semicircle behind the couple, the tenance upon thee and give thee peace; both eldest in the center). now and evermore. Amen.”

[.U, I 1*1 1 1 1 F)eart Calhs CCIith Ministers II

'J^H IS book is a symposium or collection of articles from different writers compiled by Rev. E. E. Shelhamer. Several thousand copies of the book have been distributed but for several years it has been out of print. We have revised the book elimi­ nating some material and adding several new chap­ ters and are now offering this revised second edition, a book of 191 pages, attractively bound in cloth boards, at ONE DOLLAR. Dr. H. Orton Wiley, in the introduction says: “Young men will find in this book the fruitage gleaned from the experience of spiritual men, both sfe*. >' in America and Europe. Men of more experience in the work of the min­ y istry will find it helpful in preserving the standards which have guided spir­ itual men down through the years in their work of faith and labor of love. The subjects are timely, vital and interesting. Those who read its pages, can but be inspired with new zeal for the old faith, and with increased prayer for the preservation of the high spiritual standards set forth in this admirable book.” Every one of the twenty-four chapters has a definite purpose of help­ fulness. The contributors to this volume number such pioneers of the doc­ trine of holiness as John Wesley, Adam Clarke, Thomas Coke, and Bishop Wilson of Calcutta. Besides these there are articles from men of world­ wide renown such as Chas. G. Finney, A. Sims, Richard Baxter, Dr. H. C. Morrison, Bishop Hogue, Bishop Logan, Wm. McArthur, Bishop Sellew. The chapters appearing for the first time in this edition are The Unchang­ ing Message and the Changing Methods, by Dr. J. B. Chapman; The Prep­ aration of Sermons, by Dr. John Paul, President of Taylor University. Several chapters are written by the compiler, E. E. Shelhamer. Price $1.00 (We pay postage) f; NAZARENE PUBLISHING HOUSE, 2923 Troost Ave., Kansas City, Mo. m The Biblical Illustrator By Rev. Joseph E. Exell Price reduced from $120.00 to $95.00 This is one of the most exceptional offers ever presented to our min­ isters! The Biblical Illustrator complete in 57 volumes, formerly sold at $3.00 per volume and $120.00 for the complete set now offered at $95.00, plus delivery charges. No extra charge for extended payments. If your credit rating is satisfactory you can get the books on making an initial payment of $10.00 and agreeing to send $5.00 a month until en­ as tire amount is paid. These easy terms are altogether out of the ordinary i 1 but we are making this special offer for the benefit of our ministers many I of whom have long desired these books but have been unable to get v them on account of the price, which until now has been $120.00. The Old Testament volumes— 28 of them— will be sold separately for $47.50 and the 29 New Testament volumes for $47.50— $5.00 down and $5.00 a month. A Lundstrom, three-section, solid oak bookcase which will accom­ modate both Old and New Testam ent umes, is offered $ 1 5.00, shipped knocked - down from factory. This may be paid for in three addi­ tional monthly pay­ ments of $5.00 each. The Biblical Illustrator scarcely needs an extended description. Most of our min­ isters know of the books and have heard our General Su­ perintendents and leading preachers recommend them. We doubt if any one set of books offers as much usable material for the busy preach­ e r. There are about 34,000 pages in the set; fifty-seven volumes, ! quotations from 1,000 authors, i It is a library in itself and i dispenses with the necessity | for scores of other books. | Every book of the Bible is | taken up, chapter by chapter, ; verse by verse. The best I thoughts of the most devout j and scholarly Bible students i are presented here in orderly i fo rm . • For the benefit of those who | might wish to examine a vol- i ume before ordering we will S send a “testing sample" on ; receipt of $2.50. This volume i may be returned for refund ! less actual cost of forwarding.

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