DOCSLIB.ORG

(Neomys Fodiens) and Tree Frog (Hyla Arborea) in the Baakse Beek Study Area

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(Neomys Fodiens) and Tree Frog (Hyla Arborea) in the Baakse Beek Study Area Temporary habitats within multifunctional agriculture for the water shrew (Neomys fodiens) and tree frog (Hyla arborea) in the Baakse Beek study area Coen Westerduin Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands Various factors have contributed to the decline of many organisms, including the Eurasian water shrew Neomys fodiens and the European tree frog Hyla arborea, over the past decades. This literature study focuses on the habitat requirements for these two animals, including water quality, food and vegetation, to investigate a re-introduction of these species in the Baakse Beek area in the east of the Netherlands, which is one of the subjects of study of the CARE (Climate Adaptation for Rural arEas) project. Developmental possibilities and timescales are investigated to find out if only temporary living areas for these animals could be accomplished, allowing for freedom of land use for farmers in the area. The varied diet, tolerance to pollution, relative independence of vegetation and lack of preference for different substrates or banks, complemented by its little affinity to certain areas and short lifespan, seem to make N. fodiens a suitable candidate for such schemes. Higher demands for water quality by H. arborea are the main objections against introduction of this species in an eutrophicated agricultural landscape. Dependence on vegetation and a habit of returning to older, no longer existing habitats provide further arguments against this practice. However, more research is needed on the optimum habitats of both animals, as reasons for their decline, and as such their requirements, are still ill- understood. 1. Introduction agricultural area in the Netherlands was involved Habitat loss, pollution and several other factors in nature conservation, well below the EU have resulted in a decline or even local extinction average of 25% in 2002 (Berentsen et al., 2007). of many plants and animals worldwide. For some Various inquiries have been carried out to find of these, conservation alone will not be enough to what motivated farmers to participate in forms of sustain them, but restoration and construction of nature conservation, or deterred them from doing suitable environments is necessary. so. Berentsen et al. (2007) found financial benefits As a country lacking large areas of nature, such to be the most important reason to participate, policies in the Netherlands often rely on and subsidies should increase to cover the participation from the agricultural sector. In agri- conservation costs. Governmental interference environmental schemes (AES), farmers are paid to should also be kept to a minimum, as this made modify their farming practise to provide farmers feel they were not in charge of their own environmental benefits (Kleijn and Sutherland, business. Extensive research by Jongeneel et al. 2003). The government coalitions Balkenende I (2008) showed similar lower participation in (2002) and Balkenende II (2003), as well as more nature conservation if farmers valued land recently Rutte I (2010), have chosen to purchase ownership highly. Another important factor was less and less agricultural land; instead further trust in the government: a result of the fact that increasing the role of private landowners and farmers have to rely on the government for farmers through AES in order to accomplish payments over a set period of years to compensate nature objectives (Jongeneel et al., 2012), and as for the loss of agricultural yields. Other reasons, such prevent the loss of biodiversity. as mentioned by Van Egmond and De Koeijer For these plans to work, however, cooperation of (2005) are a lack of expertise regarding the the farmers is required. In 2003, only 4% of the requirements of nature, as well as the fact that 1 (permanent) nature has no place in the business In addition, the plan was to provide information strategy. on the costs of construction for such habitats, and The CARE project (Climate Adaptation for Rural compare those to current compensation payments arEas) investigates the effects of climate change to see if the construction would be economically on agriculture, but also nature and water feasible; however, absence of suitable data management, as well as possible adjustments to prohibited this, although remarks on the overall these circumstances in order to create a resilient implementability of the adaptations will still be region. The study area of this project is located included. Finally, any benefits for farmers, around the Baakse Beek, a stream in the east of resulting from the presence of the animals or the Netherlands. Here, about 11% of the habitats, will be mentioned whenever applicable. agricultural area is involved in nature conservation (Karssing, 2012). In a recent CARE Initially, Scopus was the main source of suitable meeting, farmers from the area gave their reasons articles, using search terms as “multifunctional for participating (or not) in AES, which among agriculture” AND Netherlands, (“Neomys financial and time-related arguments included a fodiens” OR “water shrew”) AND habitat – or the wish for temporary adaptations. This literature similar (“Hyla arborea” OR “tree frog”) AND study will investigate if such transitory nature habitat. As time progressed, ‘habitat’ was replaced would actually provide benefits for biodiversity, by ‘food’, ‘lifespan’, ‘vegetation’ or ‘dispersal’, as represented by the Eurasian water shrew among others. Some additional terms were (Neomys fodiens) and the European tree frog occasionally added to limit large amounts of (Hyla arborea), both creatures that have shown a articles to only a few interesting ones, such as sharp decline in the Netherlands over the past ‘Eurasian’ to select just those about the Eurasian decades (H. arborea: Vos and Stumpel, 1995; N. water shrew, but as N. fodiens is commonly fodiens: Pellet et al. 2006; IUCN, 2012). referred to as just ‘water shrew’, this was not always preferable. When only a few dozen titles 2. Materials and Methods were left, visual inspection of the titles and/or In determining the scope of this research, several reading the summaries or abstracts helped select factors including time constraints, availability of those that were the most promising. data and use within the CARE project played a Along the way, more articles were obtained role. The latter two resulted in an investigation in through references in other articles. Part of a title the water shrew N. fodiens and tree frog H. (within double apostrophes) was inserted in arborea, as both of these were mentioned as Scopus and, if without result, Web of Science. important species in the project, and enough When neither resulted in the article sought, information was deemed to be available. Google Scholar was used as a last resort. If titles To find out whether temporary habitats could were very general or there was confusion on the provide an option for those two animals, the title and subtitle, an author’s name was usually following questions had to be answered: used, after which the specific article was found by year of publication. References also helped to find ~What are the environmental requirements for this animal (e.g. vegetation, food, humidity, size a number of interesting books or chapters of of area)? books, most of which were available from the Forum Library. Although peer-reviewed articles ~How long do these habitats take to develop? had a preference, some books provided important ~Do these habitats become more suitable as time progresses? key features of some animals not mentioned in the more technical articles (e.g. lifespan) or were ~What are the downsides for the temporary nature of the habitats for the animal (i.e. removal very often referred to in acquired literature (e.g. of housing)? Handoek natuurdoeltypen; Bal et al., 2001). 2 3. Results effect for the presence of some trees, although 3.1 Neomys fodiens relatively few shrews were found if the tree cover was dense. Bank height ranged from minimal to 3.1.1 Habitat and food 3m (shrews occurring more frequently with As its name suggests, the Eurasian water shrew N. banks >1.5m) and with inclinations anywhere fodiens has a preference for sites directly next to from 0° to 90°, with a positive effect for slopes of or at least nearby water, where it both lives and is >45°. active (Voesenek and Van Bemmel, 1984; Lardet, Castién and Gosálbez (1999) found N. fodiens in 1988; Bal et al., 2001). Rychlik (1997) caught 94% the Pyrenees at the edges of a wood (rich in of the water shrews at the water’s edge and the bramble patches and long grasses) and riverbanks, remaining 6% within 0.5 meter from water. Lack but not in moorlands or the beech forest itself. of fresh water has been suggested as the reason Heathlands are also mentioned by Greenwood et for the absence of N. fodiens on several islands in al. (2002) as being avoided by water shrews, Finland (Peltonen et al., 1989). Although poor while even built-up areas were inhabited. water quality has been thought to have a negative effect on the presence of N. fodiens (French et al., N. fodiens is a generalist in terms of food as well: 2001), either directly or by affecting prey a large amount of invertebrate groups (including, availability, Scott et al. (2012) more recently but not limited to: Diplopoda, Araneae, found them to be much more tolerant to Opiliones, adult Coleopterea, Diptera larvae, pollution than suggested, even the combined Trichoptera, Plecoptera) are on its diet, which it effects of phosphate,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Treefrog (Hyla Squirella) Responses to Rangeland and Management in Semi-Tropical Florida, Usa
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2010 Treefrog (hyla Squirella) Responses To Rangeland And Management In Semi-tropical Florida, Usa Kathryn Windes University of Central Florida Part of the Biology Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Windes, Kathryn, "Treefrog (hyla Squirella) Responses To Rangeland And Management In Semi-tropical Florida, Usa" (2010). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 4412. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/4412 TREEFROG (HYLA SQUIRELLA) RESPONSES TO RANGELAND MANAGEMENT IN SEMI-TROPICAL FLORIDA, USA by KATHRYN MARIE WINDES B.S. Butler University, 2006 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Biology in the College of Sciences at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Summer Term 2010 © 2010 Kathryn Marie Windes ii ABSTRACT As urban areas expand, agricultural lands become increasingly important habitat for many species. Compared to some types of agricultural land-use, ranchlands provide vast expanses of minimally modified habitat that support many threatened and endangered species. Conservation biologists can promote ecologically sound management approaches by quantifying the effects of agricultural practices on resident species. I examined the effects of pasture management, cattle grazing, and landscape characteristics on both adult and larval treefrogs in a ranchland in south-central Florida.
    [Show full text]
  • Formal Description of the New Tree Frog Species Inhabiting Northern Italy and Southern Switzerland
    Formal description of the new tree frog species inhabiting Northern Italy and Southern Switzerland Autor(en): Dufresnes, Christophe / Mazepa, Glib / Rodrigues, Nicolas Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles Band (Jahr): 97 (2018) PDF erstellt am: 26.09.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-813305 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch Formal description of the new tree frog species inhabiting Northern Italy and Southern Switzerland Christophe DUFRESNES1'2'3 *, Glib MAZEPA1'4, Nicolas RODRIGUES1, Alan BRELSFORD1'5, Spartak N. LITVINCHUK6'7, Roberto SERMIER1, Guillaume LAVANCHY1, Caroline BETTO-COLLIARD1, Olivier BLASER1, Amaël BORZÉE8, Elisa CAVOTO1, Guillaume FAB RE1, Karim GHALI1, Christine GROSSEN1'9, Agnes HORN1, Julien LEUENBERGER1, Barret C PHILIPS1, Paul A.
    [Show full text]
  • Phänotypische Plastizität Bei Kaulquappen Des Europäischen Laubfrosches, Hyla Arborea
    Phänotypische Plastizität bei Kaulquappen des Europäischen Laubfrosches, Hyla arborea. Claudia Lemcke Dissertation der Fakultät für Biologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Phänotypische Plastizität bei Kaulquappen des Europäischen Laubfrosches, Hyla arborea Claudia Lemcke Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades Dezember 2005 Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department Biologie II Großhaderner Str. 2 82152 Planegg/Martinsried Gutachter: Dr. Ralph Tollrian Dr. Herwig Stibor Dissertationsabgabe Termin: 20.12.2005 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 02.02.2006 Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Zusammenfassung........................................................................................................... 2 2. Abstract............................................................................................................................ 5 3. Einleitung ......................................................................................................................... 7 3.1. Induzierbare Verteidigung 7 3.2. Induzierbare Verteidigung bei Amphibien 8 4. Studienobjekte ............................................................................................................... 10 4.1. Laubfrosch, Hyla arborea (Anura, Hylidae) 10 4.2. Prädator: Libellenlarve Blaugrüne Mosaikjungfer, Aeshna cyanea (Odonata, Aeshnidae) 12 5. Zusammenfassung der einzelnen Artikel.................................................................... 13 5.1. Predator induced phenotypic plasticity in the European tree frog, Hyla arborea:
    [Show full text]
  • Tree Frogs with Foreign Sex Chromosomes Are Less Fit 15 February 2016
    Tree frogs with foreign sex chromosomes are less fit 15 February 2016 the German Science Foundation (DFG) at the Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), by means of population genetic methods. Together with an international team he investigates the contact of the two tree frog species at the Vistula. For Dr. Christophe Dufresnes from the University of Lausanne, first author of the common study just published in Scientific Reports, this "suggests that the undifferentiated sex chromosomes in these tree frogs contribute more to the evolution of new species than other, normal chromosomes". "We have made great efforts and spent many nights in the field to cover large parts of Poland when sampling saliva from the two tree frog species for genetic analyses", said Tomasz The Eastern tree frog (Hyla orientalis) recolonized the Majtyka, the University of Wroclaw and equal first northern latitudes after the last ice age from a glacial author of the study. refugium around the Black Sea and meets the other species, the European tree frog, in the region of the Vistula River in Poland. Credit: Christophe Dufresnes Amphibian researcher Matthias Stöck refers to the fact that gene flow between these two young tree frog species is not completely interrupted, yet, which is typical of such young species. "The gene During the last glaciation, a huge ice shield exchange is the least between the sex reached up to the region of today's Berlin. By the chromosomes in interspecies crosses, the sex time it started to melt about 20.000 years ago, it chromosomes 'collaborate' the worst with the other enabled a gradual re-colonization of the northern chromosomes from the foreign species", he says.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Introduction of European Tree Frog in Latvia
    Amphbians Re-introduction of European tree frog in Latvia Ilze Dunce Curator of Amphibians, Riga Zoo, Meza av.1, LV1014, Riga, Latvia [email protected] Introduction European tree frog was considered as extinct in Latvia since last decades of the 20th century. Data on the former distribution of this species are rather incomplete. Several faunists of German origin (Fischer, Seidlitz and Schweder) have mentioned the species as being present in Latvia in the 18th - 19th centuries (Silins & Lamsters,1934). Several reports have even been received in the 1980s (Zvirgzds et al., 1995). Intensive agriculture, rapid deterioration in total area covered mainly by wetlands, and extinction of beaver (Castor fiber) in Latvia in the end of 19th century, could be the main factors, which could cause the vanishing of Hyla arborea from Latvia. The re-introduction program was started by Riga Zoo in 1987, and a total of 4,110 juveniles in total were released in SW Latvia (Liepaja district), where protected area with total area of 350 ha was established in 1999. The area accommodates a large number of ponds, considerably changed by beavers. Before the re-introduction started, the European tree frog was listed in Red Data Book of Latvia under Category I (endangered species) (Latvijas PSR Sarkana gramata, 1985), at meantime Category II (vulnerable species) (Latvijas Sarkana gramata, 2003). The European tree frog is included in Appendix II of the Bern Convention. Goals x Goal 1:ȱCreating sustainable populations of European tree frog in Latvia. x Goal 2:ȱProving that creating sustainable populations of amphibians in nature is possible by releasing of specimens, bred under laboratory conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • European Tree Frog
    Presentation by: Sofija Videska Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Amphibia Order: Anura Family: Hylidae Genus: Hyla Species: H.arborea Basic description The European tree frog (Hyla arborea formerly Rana arborea) is a small tree frog found in Europe, Asia and part of Africa Males range from 32–43 mm in length Females range from 40–50 mm in length Females have white throats, while males have golden brown throats The discs on the frog's toes, is a characteristic feature of H. arborea Distribution and habitat Most of Europe (except Ireland), northwest Africa, and temperate Asia to Japan European tree frogs can be found in marshlands,damp meadows,reed beds,parks,gardens, vineyards, orchards, stream banks, lakeshores,or humid or dry forests They tend to avoid dark or thick forests Behavior Historically, tree frogs were used as barometers because they respond to approaching rain by croaking Depending on subspecies, temperature, humidity, and the frog's 'mood', skin colour ranges from bright to olive green, grey, brown and yellow They hibernate in walls, cellars, under rocks, under clumps of vegetation, or buried in leaf piles or manure piles Diet European tree frogs eat a variety of small arthropods, such as spiders, flies, beetles, butterflies, and smooth caterpillars Their ability to take long leaps allow them to catch fast-flying insects, which make up most of their diets Reproduction European tree frogs They croak in the reproduce in stagnant breeding season, bodies of water, such as even when migrating lakes, ponds, swamps, to their mating pools reservoirs, and or ponds sometimes puddles,[from late March to June About 800 to 1000 eggs are laid in clumps the size of a walnut.
    [Show full text]
  • LIFE and Europe's Reptiles and Amphibians: Conservation
    LIFE and Europe’s reptiles and amphibians Conservation in practice colours C/M/Y/K 32/49/79/21 LIFE Focus I LIFE and Europe’s reptiles and amphibians: Conservation in practice EUROPEAN COMMISSION ENVIRONMENT DIRecTORATE-GENERAL LIFE (“The Financial Instrument for the Environment”) is a programme launched by the European Commission and coordinated by the Environment Directorate-General (LIFE Unit - E.4). The contents of the publication “LIFE and Europe’s reptiles and amphibians: Conservation in practice” do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the institutions of the European Union. Authors: João Pedro Silva (Nature expert), Justin Toland, Wendy Jones, Jon Eldridge, Tim Hudson, Eamon O’Hara (AEIDL, Commu- nications Team Coordinator). Managing Editor: Joaquim Capitão (European Commission, DG Environment, LIFE Unit). LIFE Focus series coordination: Simon Goss (DG Environment, LIFE Communications Coordinator), Evelyne Jussiant (DG Environment, Com- munications Coordinator). The following people also worked on this issue: Esther Pozo Vera, Juan Pérez Lorenzo, Frank Vassen, Mark Marissink, Angelika Rubin (DG Environment), Aixa Sopeña, Lubos Halada, Camilla Strandberg-Panelius, Chloé Weeger, Alberto Cozzi, Michele Lischi, Jörg Böhringer, Cornelia Schmitz, Mikko Tiira, Georgia Valaoras, Katerina Raftopoulou, Isabel Silva (Astrale EEIG). Production: Monique Braem. Graphic design: Daniel Renders, Anita Cortés (AEIDL). Acknowledgements: Thanks to all LIFE project beneficiaries who contributed comments, photos and other useful material for this report. Photos: Unless otherwise specified; photos are from the respective projects. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. New freephone number: 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 Additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitat Management and Global Warming Positively Affect Long-Term (1987–2011) Chorus Counts in a Population of the European Tree Frog (Hyla Arborea)
    HERPETOLOGICAL JOURNAL 22: 163–171, 2012 Habitat management and global warming positively affect long-term (1987–2011) chorus counts in a population of the European tree frog (Hyla arborea) Harry J.M. van Buggenum & Willem G. Vergoossen We investigated the importance of habitat measures and climate variables on the development of a managed European tree frog (Hyla arborea) population based on chorus counts between 1978 and 2011, using Akaike’s Information Criterion (AICc) to select the best predictors. Pond area increased over the study period through site management, and was the most important variable in all models. In the density independent models, the annual numbers of calling males were positively correlated with total area of ponds two years before the count, a time lag which corresponds with the time needed for metamorphs to mature. Mean daily temperature, the total amount of precipitation during the breeding season (both with a 2 year time lag) and high winter temperature before the breeding season also had positive effects on the H. arborea population. A linear regression of temperature with study years revealed an annual increase of 0.08 °C, whereas precipitation showed no trend. Yearly population growth rates were furthermore density-dependent, and influenced by temperature during breeding season. Our study showed that a combination of habitat management practices and increasing temperatures likely through global warming positively affected the H. arborea population. Key words: AICc, amphibian, density dependence, long term monitoring, model selection, predictors IntroDUCTION or changes in water level? (3) Is there evidence for density dependent population regulation? We discuss in what mphibians are good indicators of the ecological way our results can contribute to improved conservation Aquality of the habitat in which they live.
    [Show full text]
  • Can We Enhance Amphibians' Habitat Restoration in the Post-Mining Areas?
    Environ Sci Pollut Res DOI 10.1007/s11356-015-5279-8 RESEARCH ARTICLE Can we enhance amphibians’ habitat restoration in the post-mining areas? Krzysztof Klimaszewski1 & Ewa Pacholik1 & Adam Snopek2 Received: 15 March 2015 /Accepted: 19 August 2015 # The Author(s) 2015. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The study was aimed to evaluate the selected Introduction improvements of nature restoration in a depleted gravel pit. The study site consisted of four water reservoirs of Although the areas under intensive mining activity are char- different shapes and sizes, flooded after the gravel extrac- acterized by severe environment degradation, some changes tion ended. Ecological succession monitoring, conducted caused by the human activity may lead to formation of new by the Warsaw University of Life Sciences students asso- ecosystems strictly dependent on that activity and in some ciated in the Student Scientific Association of Animal respects exceeding the value of previous ecosystems Sciences Faculty since the completion of mining, have (Kasprzyk 2009; Kasztelewicz 2010; Parusel and Karkosz focused on amphibians. A twofold approach upheld am- 2012). Restoration of post-mining sites may significantly con- phibian species population dynamics, as well as selected tribute to local biodiversity (Prach et al. 2011) and play an habitat elements. The restoration practices dedicated to important role in protecting endangered animals and plant habitat conditions enhancing have been proved to be def- species and communities (Benes et al. 2003; Tropek et al. initely effective and useful for similar sites. 2010). This process can be also used for recreational and ed- ucational purposes (Głogowska 2005; Wosik 2014).
    [Show full text]
  • Global Re-Introduction Perspectives: 2013 Further Case-Studies from Around the Globe Edited by Pritpal S
    Global Re-introduction Perspectives: 2013 Further case-studies from around the globe Edited by Pritpal S. Soorae The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or any of the funding organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. Published by: IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group & Environment Agency-ABU DHABI Copyright: © 2013 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Citation: Soorae, P. S. (ed.) (2013). Global Re-introduction Perspectives: 2013. Further case studies from around the globe. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/ SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group and Abu Dhabi, UAE: Environment Agency-Abu Dhabi. xiv + 282 pp. ISBN: 978-2-8317-1633-6 Cover photo: Clockwise starting from top-left: i. Fen Raft Spider, UK © Helen Smith ii. Manglietia longipedunculata © Late Prof. Qingwen Zeng iii. European Tree Frog, Latvia © Andris Eglitis iv. Red Wolf © USA John Froschauer/PDZA v. Hungarian Meadow Viper © Tamás Péchy vi. Westslope Cutthroat Trout, USA © Carter Kruse, Turner Enterprises, Inc./Turner Endangered Species Fund vii. Oriental White Stork, Japan © Yoko Mitsuhashi Cover design & layout by: Pritpal S. Soorae, IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group Produced by: IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group & Environment Agency-ABU DHABI Download at: www.iucnsscrsg.org / www.iucn.org iii Amphbians Re-introduction of European tree frog in Latvia Ilze Dunce Curator of Amphibians, Riga Zoo, Meza av.1, LV1014, Riga, Latvia [email protected] Introduction European tree frog was considered as extinct in Latvia since last decades of the 20th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeography Reveals an Ancient Cryptic Radiation in East-Asian Tree Frogs (Hyla Japonica Group) and Complex Relationships Between Continental and Island Lineages
    This is a repository copy of Phylogeography reveals an ancient cryptic radiation in East-Asian tree frogs (Hyla japonica group) and complex relationships between continental and island lineages. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/128535/ Version: Published Version Article: Dufresnes, C., Litvinchuk, S.N., Borzée, A. et al. (5 more authors) (2016) Phylogeography reveals an ancient cryptic radiation in East-Asian tree frogs (Hyla japonica group) and complex relationships between continental and island lineages. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 16 (1). 253. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0814-x Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Dufresnes et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2016) 16:253 DOI 10.1186/s12862-016-0814-x RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Phylogeography reveals an ancient cryptic radiation in East-Asian tree frogs (Hyla japonica group) and complex relationships between continental and island lineages Christophe Dufresnes1, Spartak N.
    [Show full text]
  • European Tree Frog (Hyla Arborea)
    European tree frog (Hyla arborea) Physical characteristics The tree frog is about 4,5 cm long and weighs up to 7 g. The front appendages are quite short and have 4 adhesive discs at the end of each finger. These enable the frog to climb very well; even a glass panel is not a problem. The surface of the frog’s skin is smooth and very shiny, especially when sunbathing. The top side of the frog is bright green, and the stomach and the inside of the appendages are white to light grey. On both sides of the body, from nose to haunch there is a dark stripe. Reproduction Oviposition takes place predominantly in April and May. The so- called spawn bales are attached to vegetation like straws which are submerged in shallow waters. There are between 30 and 80 eggs in one bale. The hatched larvae are initially about three to five millimeters long and light yellow in color. It takes about 50 to 80 days for them to develop into a complete frog. Nutrition The hatched tadpole feeds on small algae in the water. The adult frog goes ashore at night in search of food. Spiders, small snails, beetles, ants as well as flying insects such as midges and flies are caught with its sticky tongue, transported directly into its mouth and swallowed whole. Habitat and territorial requirements For reproduction the tree frog needs very calm waters, on which the sun shines during the day and which are also free of fish. Here, their young can grow up safely.
    [Show full text]