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2.1 Dravyaguna Vigyana D.Y.Patil Deemed to be University, School of Ayurveda, Nerul Navi Mumbai. Syllabus of Ayurvedacharya (BAMS) 2nd Professional 2.1 DRAVYAGUNA VIJNAN (Pharmacology & Materia Medica) Lectures: 200 Hrs. Practical: 200 Hrs. Total Marks -400 Theory Two Papers– 100 Marks Each Practical/Viva voce – 200 Marks Paper I 100 Marks Part A 50 Marks Part A (I) 35 Marks 1- Dravyaguna Shastra Paribhasa- Lakshana of Sapta Padartha of Dravyaguna Vijnana viz Dravya- Rasa- Guna- Virya- Vipaka- Prabhava and Karma. 2- Dravya: Etymological derivation, definition, panchbhoutikatwa. Classification of Dravya according to Samhitas and Nighantus Taxonomical classification. 3- Guna: Etymological derivation, definition and Classification of Guna. Detailed knowledge of Gurvadi Guna & Paradi gunas.Guna pradhanya(Superiority of Guna). 4- Rasa: Etymological derivation, definition, Meaning of “Rasa” in various contexts. Shad Rasas (Madhura, Amla, Lavana, Katu, Tikta, and Kashaya), Panchabhautik constitution of Rasas, Nirvrittiviseshakrama (manifestation in general and particular), Ritu and shad rasa Rasanurasayoh bheda (Difference between rasa and anurasa), Lakshana (characteristics),Guna and Karma of shad Rasas, Kopana and Shamana of Dosha and dushya by Shad rasas. Effects of excess usage of Rasa. Rasopalabdhi, Rasaskandha.Rasa pradhanya(Superiority of Rasa). 5- Vipaka: Etymological derivation and definition, difference between Avasthapaka and Vipaka, Types of Vipaka, (Dvividha-Trividha,Panchavidha) Guna and karma of Vipaka. Grades of Vipaka (taratamya), Vipakopalabdhi hetu (Factors to determineVipaka),Vipaka pradhanya(Superiority of Vipak). 1 6- Veerya: Etymological derivation, definition and Swarupa of Virya, Number of Virya. (Dwividha & Ashtavidha), Panchabhauthikatva Virya karmani (Effects of Virya), General principles in determination of virya along with exceptions,Veerya pradhanya(Superiority of Veerya) 7- Prabhava: Definition, Effects of Prabhava,Prabhav pradhanya(Superiority of Prabhav) 8- Interrelation of Rasa-Guna-Virya-Vipaka-Prabhava with respect to their strength (balabal nirupana). Samanapratyayarabdha and Vichitrapratyayarabdha dravyas. 9- Karma: Lakshana, swaroopa and bheda of karma (Definition, nature and types of action). Explanation of the following Karmas with examples: 1. Deepana 2. Pachana 3. Samshodhana 4. Samshamana 5. Anulomana 6. Sransana 7. Bhedana 8. Rechana 9. Chhedana 10. Lekhana 11. Grahi 12. Sthambhana 13. Madakari 14. Pramathi 15. Abhishyandi 16. Vyavayi 17. Vikashi 18. Rasayana 19. Vajeekarana 20. Jeevaneeya 21. Balya 22. Brimhana 23. Langhana 24. Medhya Part A (II) 15 Marks 10. Brief information on Karmas of dashemani gana of Charak Samhita. 11- Mishraka Gana: 11a)- Audbhida Gana (Vegetable origin) Brihatpanchamoola, Laghupanchamoola, Vallipanchamoola, Kantakapanchamoola, Trinapanchamoola,Madhyamapanchamoola, Jeevaneeya panchamoola, Panchapallava, Panchavalakala, Triphala, Trikatu,Trimada, Chaturusana, Panchakola, Shadusana, Chaturbeeja, Jeevaniya gana, Ashtavarga, Trijataka, Chaturajataka, Katuchaturjataka Panchatikta, Amlapanchaka, Chaturbhadra,Trikarshika, Swalpatriphala, Madhuratriphala, Mahavisha, Upavisha, Agrya aushadh varga- Knowledge of Agrayaaushadha Varga with example. 11 b)- Jangama Gana (Animal origin)- Ksheerashtaka, Mutrashtaka, Pitta panchaka. 11 c)- Parthiva Gana (Mineral origin) - Lavana Panchaka, Kshara dvaya, Kshara Ashtaka. 2 12- Basis of nomenclature: Basis of nomenclature of dravya, Basis and Derivation of synonyms. 13. Bheashaja Pariksha vidhi (as described in Charaka samhita vimana sthana 8), Dravya Sangrahana (collection of dravya)- Ecology- Classification of desha (geographical area) and bhumi (soil), swarupa of sangrahaniya dravya of (Nature and quality of drug to be collected). Sangrahana vidhi (Method of collection) -Vegetable and Animal origin drugs according to part used. Period of collection according to virya, samrakshana vidhi (preservation of collected dravyas), bheshajagara (Storehouse), study on different prayojyanga (useful plant parts). Paper I Part B 50 Marks Part B (I) 20 Marks 14 a) Concept of dravya shodhan (purification of dravya). 14 b) Brief knowledge of Apamishran (adulterants) 14 c) Concept of Abhava pratinidhi dravya (substitutes) 15- Prashasta bheshaja (ideal drug), plant extracts. Brief study on Excipients .Concept of viruddha Dravya (incompatibility of the dravya). 16- Introduction to Nighantu Vigyan - Dhanwantari Nighantu, Bhavaprakasha nighantu, Raja nighantu, Kaidev Nighantu. 17- Brief knowledge of cultivation, conservation of medicinal plants and information about endangered species. Part B (II) 30 Marks 18. - Introduction, Definition & scope of Pharmacology and Principles of general Pharmacology. Brief Knowledge about pharmacology of the following - Anaesthetics, CNS depressants, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Tranquilisers, Antipyretics, Analgesics, Antiepileptics, Antihypertensive, Antianginal, Antiplatelet, Hypolipidaemic, Haemopoetic, Coagulants, Bronchodialators, Aerosols/ Inhalants, Expectorants, Digestants, Carminatives, Antacids, Antiulcer, Laxatives, Antidiarrhoeals, Antiemetic, Hepatoprotective, Diuretic, Antidiuretic, Lithotriptic, Antiinflammatory, Hormonal therapy, Antiobesity, Antidiabetic, Antithyroid, Oxytocic. Galactagogues, Contraceptives, Styptics, Antihistamines, Antimicrobial, Antibiotics, Antimalarial, Amoebicidal, Antifilarial, Anthelmentic, Antifungal,Vitamins, Minerals,Water imbalance and IV fluids, Vaccines, antivenom, antirabbies serum, Local anti septics, drugs in ophthalmic practice, Anti cancer drugs and immunomodulators. 3 Paper II 100 Marks Part A 70 marks 1-Detailed Knowledge of Following Dravya – Detailed knowledge of following drugs with respect to Basonym of drug, Main Synonyms, Regional Name, Botanical Name, Family, Classification of Dravya (Gana) as described in Charak and Sushrut, External morphology, Useful parts, Important phytoconstituents, Rasa panchaka, Action on Dosha, Dhatu, Mala, Prayogarha vyadhi (therapeutic indications), Amayikaprayoga and Matra (Therapeutic administration and Dose), Vishishta yoga (names of important formulations), Vishakta Lakshan (adverse effects), Chikitsopachara (remedial measures) and Shodhana (as required) [Alphabetical order and Botanical names to all the drugs are to be added] 1. Agaru 37. Guggulu 73. Pashanabheda 2. Agnimantha 38. Haridradvaya 74. Patala 3. Agnimantha 39. Haritaki 75. Pippali-Pippalimula 4. Ahiphena 40. Hingu 76. Prishniparni 5. Amalaki 41. Jambu 77. Punarnava 6. Apamarga 42. Jatamansi 78. Pushkarmoola 7. Aragvadha 43. Jatiphal 79. Rasna 8. Aragvadha 44. Jeerakadvaya 80. Rasona 9. Ardraka-Sunti 45. Jyotishmati 81. Rohitaka 10. Arjuna 46. Kalamegha 82. Saireyaka 11. Arjuna 47. Kampillaka 83. Sarivadvaya 12. Arkadvaya 48. Kanchanara 84. Sarpagandha 13. Ashvagandha 49. Kantakari 85. Shalaparni 14. Asoka 50. Kapikacchu 86. Shallaki 15. Ativisha 51. Karkatakshringi 87. Shalmali 16. Bakuchi 52. Karpura 88. Shankhapushpi 17. Baladvayam. 53. Katuki 89. Shatavari 18. Bhallataka 54. Khadira 90. Shigru 19. Bharangi 55. Kiratatikta 91. Shirisha 20. Bhrungaraj 56. Kumari 92. Shyonaka 21. Bibhitaka 57. Kumkum Kesara 93. Talisa Patra 4 22. Bijak/ Vijaysar 58. Kupilu 94. Tila 23. Bilva 59. Kushta 95. Trivrut 24. Brahmi 60. Kutaja 96. Tulasi 25. Bruhati 61. Lavanga 97. Tvak 26. Chandana-dvaya, 62. Lodhra 98. Ushira 27. Chitraka 63. Madanaphala 99. Vacha 28. Dadima 64. Mandukaparni. 100. Varahi 29. Devadaru 65. Manjishtha 101. Varahi 30. Dhataki 66. Maricha 102. Varuna 31. Durva 67. Musta 103. Vasa 32. Eladvayam 68. Nagakeshara 104. Vatsanabha 33. Eranda 69. Nimba 105. Vidanga 34. Gambhari 70. Nirgundi 106. Vidari 35. Gokshura 71. Palasha 107. Yastimadhu 36. Guduchi 72. Parpata 108. Yavani Part B 30 Marks Part B (I) 20 Marks 2- Brief Knowledge of following dravyas with Respect to Sanskrit Name, Botanical Name, Family, Habit (Samanya Swarupa), Parts Used and Indications. 1. Agastya 51. Jati 101. Palandu 2. Ajamoda 52. Jayapala 102. Parasika Yavani 3. Akarkarabh 53. Jeevanti 103. Parijata 4. Amlavetasa 54. Kadali, 104. Parisha 5. Amra 55. Kadamba 105. Parnabija 6. Amragandhiharidra 56. Kaidarya 106. Parnayavani 7. Ankola 57. Kakamachi 107. Parpataka 8. Aparajita 58. Kamala 108. Parushaka 9. Ashvagol 59. Kankola 109. Patalagarudi 10. Ashvattha 60. Karanja 110. Patha 5 11. Asthishrunkhala 61. Karavellaka 111. Patola 12. Atasi 62. Karavira 112. Patranga 13. Avartaki 63. Karira 113. Pilu 14. Avartani 64. Karpasa 114. Plaksha 15. Babbula 65. Kasamarda 115. Prasarani 16. Badara 66. Kasha 116. Priyala 17. Bakula 67. Kasni 117. Priyangu 18. Bhumyamalki 68. Kataka 118. Puga 19. Bijapoora 69. Katphala 119. Putiha 20. Bola 70. Kebuka 120. Putranjivaka 21. Chakramarda 71. Kharjura 121. Rajika/Sarshapa 22. Champaka 72. Kitmari 122. Rohitaka 23. Chandrashura 73. Kokilaksha 123. Saptachakra 24. Changeri 74. Koshataki 124. Saptaparna 25. Chavya 75. Kulatha 125. Saral 26. Chirbilva 76. Kumuda 126. Sarja 27. Chopachini 77. Kusha 127. Shala 28. Danti 78. Kusmanda 128. Shara 29. Darbha 79. Lajjalu 129. Sharapunkha 30. Dattura 80. Langali 130. Shatahwa 31. Dhanvayasa 81. Latakaranja 131. Shati 32. Dhanyaka 82. Latakasturi 132. Snuhi 33. Draksha 83. Madayantika 133. Sringataka 34. Dronapushpi 84. Mahanimba 134. Svarnakshiri 35. Gandhaprasarini 85. Mandukaparni 135. Tagara . 36. Garjara 86. Markandika 136. Tailaparni 37. Gojihva, 87. Masha 137. Talmuli 38. Gorakshaganja 88. Mashaparni 138. Taruni 39. Gunja 89. Matulunga 139. Tavakshira 40. hinsapa 90. Mayaphala 140. Teja Patra 6 41. Hinstra 91. Meshashrungi 141. Tuvaraka
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