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Rice Breeding with Induced Mutations II

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Rice Breeding with Induced Mutations II TECHNICAL REPORTS SERIES No. 102 Rice Breeding with Induced Mutations II JOINT FAO/IAEA DIVISION OF ATOMIC ENERGY IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1970 RICE BREEDING WITH INDUCED MUTATIONS II TECHNICAL REPORTS SERIES No. 102 RICE BREEDING WITH INDUCED MUTATIONS II REPORT OF AN FAO/IAEA RESEARCH CO-ORDINATION MEETING ON THE USE OF INDUCED MUTATIONS IN RICE BREEDING, HELD IN OISO, JAPAN, 12-14 AUGUST 1968 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 1970 RICE BREEDING WITH INDUCED MUTATIONS II IAEA, VIENNA, 1970 STl/DOC/10/102 Printed by the IAEA in Austria March 1970 FOREWORD This report contains the proceedings of the fourth meeting of partici- pants in the FAO/IAEA Co-ordinated Program of Research on the Use of Induced Mutations in Rice Breeding, a program which was initiated in 1964. The three previous meetings were reported as follows: First: proceedings published in the International Rice Commission News- letter, Vol. XV, No. 1(1966). Second: report presented to the IRC Working Party meeting at Lake Charles, Louisiana, 18-30 July 1966 (unpublished report, document No. 66/4468, available on request from Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Atomic Energy in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, P.O. Box 590, A-1011, Vienna). Third: proceedings published by the IAEA as Technical Reports Series No. 86 under the title 'Rice breeding with induced mutations' . The fourth meeting was held at Oiso, Japan, on 12-14 August 1968. Co-operators from nine countries attended, together with scientists from five other countries, the International Rice Research Institute, the Rockefeller Foundation, the International Rice Commission, and the FAO and IAEA. In addition, a number of scientists from the host country were present. The purpose of the meeting was to present reports on research related to or carried out under the co-ordinated program in 1967/68, to review and co-ordinate research plans for 1968/69, and to draw up technical re- commendations for future work. With rice the staple diet of roughly half of mankind, the importance of this work, aimed at better-quality grain and higher yields, goes without saying. CONTENTS Mutation induction in rice by radiation combined with chemical protectants and mutagens 1 A. And o Discussion 5 Induced mutation studies with Brachiaria brizantha Stapf. and some indica rice varieties from Ceylon 7 P. Ganashan' Discussion 12 Present status of rice breeding by induced mutations in Taiwan, Republic of China 13 C.H. Hu, H.P. Wu and H.W. Li Discussion , 18 Rice breeding with induced mutations in France 21 R. Marie Mutation breeding in rice in India 25 M.S. Swaminathan, E. A. Siddiq, C.B. Singh an'd R . A. Pai Discussion 43 Haploid rice plants in mutation studies .• 45 S. T a n a ka Discussion 56 Induced mutations of rice for short-culm selections in M2 generation 57 J.H. R ee Discussion 66 Improvement of rice varieties by induced mutations to increase yield per acre and resistance to diseases and to improve seed quality , 69 A.J. Miah, I.M. Bhatti, A. Awan and G. Bari Discussion 76 Breeding for earliness, high yield and disease resistance in rice by means of induced mutations 77 M.S. H a q, S.M. Ali, A.F.M. M a n i r u z z a m a n , A. Mansur and R. Islam Induction and utilization of mutations in rice 85 G.B. Viado, I.S. Santos, E. Cada, P.B. Escuro and J.D. Soriano Induction of mutations in Thai rice varieties and subsequent selection and testing of beneficial mutant lines 105 S. Dasananda and P. Khambanonda Discussion 110 Rice stem borers in Malaya: a proposal to use mutation breeding for their control '. Ill F". C. Vohra Recommendations 115 List of Participants 121 MUTATION INDUCTION IN RICE BY RADIATION COMBINED WITH CHEMICAL PROTECTANTS AND MUTAGENS A. ANDO Agricultural College, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Abstract MUTATION INDUCTION IN RICE BY RADIATION COMBINED WITH CHEMICAL PROTECTANTS AND MUTAGENS. Seeds of the rice variety "Dourado Precoce" were treated with different combi- nations of gamma rays, cysteine and EMS or gamma rays, cysteine and dES. Cysteine showed some protection against the effects of gamma radiation and combined gamma-ray + chemical treatments with regard to germination, seedling height and fertility. There are also indications of changes in the spectra of chlorophyll mutations. INTRODUCTION The previous report on mutation induction in rice [l] gives the results of experiments in which the seeds of the Brazilian rice variety "Dourado Precoce" were treated with different combinations of gamma rays, cysteine and ethylene oxide or gamma rays, cysteine and ethylene- imine. The highest chlorophyll mutation frequencies were obtained after the three-factor treatments with the highest radiation dose, cysteine and the respective chemical mutagen. This report deals with an experiment in which ethylmethane sulphonate (EMS) and diethyl sulphate (dES) were used as the chemical mutagens. The same rice variety was treated. Gamma irradiation was carried out in the reactor of the Atomic Energy Institute of Sao Paulo University at an approximate dose-rate of 1000 R/min, and chemical treatments were conducted immediately after irradiation at about 27°C without pH control. The concentration and treatment time of cysteine, was 0.001M for 24 h, of dES 0.03M for 3 h, and of EMS 1.5% for 8 h and 0.5% forTo h. Three panicles per plant were harvested in the sequence of flowering. 1. Gamma rays, cysteine and 1.5% EMS Table I shows the results of the combined effects of gamma radiation, cysteine and 1.5% EMS on the rice seeds. Two-year-old seeds were used in this experiment. The protective effect of cysteine against gamma radiation, as determined by germination, seedling height and fertility, was very obvious in aged seeds. In the three-factor treatment combi- nations, cysteine treatment increased germination but decreased fertility as compared with the two-factor treatment combinations of gamma rays and EMS. With regard to the chlorophyll mutation frequencies, it was difficult to draw any conclusions because of the shortage of panicles in some treatment combinations. 1 TABLE I. EFFECT OF TREATING RICE SEEDS WITH DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF GAMMA RAYS, CYSTEINE M AND EMS (1.5% FOR 8 h) No. of chlorophyll Seedling No. of Treatment Germination Fertility mutations height panicles per 100 panicles O 100.0 100.0 100.0 365 1.09 OD 102.2 103.6 102.3 411 0.24 OE, 16.5 " 51.2 75.4 77 19.48 ODE, 35.2 40.9 • 33.3 50 36.00 A 102.8 82.9 71.1 374 6.42 AD 103.3 84.9' 74.1 400 6.25 AEr 8.4 32.8 19.9 13 7.69 ADE, 39.1 32.4 6.8 19 10.53 B 46.8 30.5 20.0 57 14.02 BD . 102.2 74.0 38.1 264 7.20 BE ( 0.0 - - - - BDE, 44.0 16.2 • 2.5 . 3 100.00 • C 0.0 - - - - CD 43.5 20.3 12.9 31 22.58 CEj 0.0 - - - - CDE, 1.8 8.5 0.0 O : OR A : 10 000 R B: 20 000 R C : 30 000 R D: cysteine, 1X10"3M for 24 h Ej'. EMS, 1.5°1° for 8 h TABLE II. EFFECT OF TREATING RICE SEEDS WITH DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF GAMMA RAYS, CYSTEINE AND EMS (0.5% FOR 10 h) OR dES (0.03M FOR 3 h) No. of chlorophyll Seedling No.of Treatment Germination ' Fertility mutations height panicles per 100 panicles 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 720 0.56 OD 97.9 100.8 100.1 1594 0.69 OE2 99.0 84.8 42.7 734 26.57 ODE2 99.6 76.7 68.0 482 24.69 OE3 97.1 83.0 96.3 732 3.28 ODE3 98.7 78.2 94.2 378 3.44 A 99.6 101.5 87-. 1 655 2.14 AD 99.4 96.4 89.3 2038 4. 02 AE2 100.2 79.8 28.6 217 19.82 ADE2 97.8 87.6 53.8 318 20.69 AE3 99.1 80.6 89.7 450 5.78 ADE3 98.1 81.2 85.3 261 8.43 B 99.2 94.7 63.0 675 6.07 BD 99.5 92.3 62.1 1606 8.22 BE2 98.8 79.7 18.5 266 22.62 BDEJ 98.2 79.6 42.4 187 20.32 BE3 98.3 68.6 46.1 556 11.33 BDE3 98.5 81.5 62.8 561 8.20 c 98.8 78.8 32.1 665 8.29 CD 96.8 ' 61.8 33.2 776 7.86 CE2 96.5 52.4 6.3 85 21.17 CDE2 100.8 57.0 19.3 252 21.82 CE3 _ 96.1 57.4 27.6 253 9.09 CDE3 ' 96.7 63.3 38.6 317 5.68 0 : 0 R B : 20 000 R D : cysteine, IX 10"3 M for 24 h E3: dES, 0 03 M for 3 h A : 10 000 R C : 30 000 R E2: EMS, 0. 5°]o for 10 h 4 ANDO TABLE III. CHLOROPHYLL MUTATION SPECTRA AFTER VARIOUS TREATMENT COMBINATIONS OF GAMMA RAYS, CYSTEINE AND EMS OR dES Chlorophyll mutations Total albina viridis xantha others Gamma rays 63 14 10 19 106 EMS 103 33 15 44 195 dES 9 5 1 9 24 Gamma rays + cysteine 160 59 8 48 275 Gamma rays + EMS 67 22 7 25 121 Gamma rays •+ dES '51 21 5 35 112 Cysteine + EMS 56 18 11 34 119 ' Gamma rays + cysteine + EMS 77 40 5 37 159 Gamma rays + cysteine •+ dES 51 10 5 20 86 631 222 67 271 1197 Xz =47.05 0.001<P<0.01 TABLE IV.
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