Seismic Isolation in Buildings to Be a Practical Reality: Behavior of Structure and Installation Technique

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Seismic Isolation in Buildings to Be a Practical Reality: Behavior of Structure and Installation Technique Journal of Engineering and Technology Research Vol. 3(4), pp. 99-117, April 2011 Available online at http:// www.academicjournals.org/JETR ISSN 2006-9790 ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Seismic isolation in buildings to be a practical reality: Behavior of structure and installation technique A. B. M. Saiful Islam*, Mohammed Jameel and Mohd Zamin Jumaat Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Accepted 17 February, 2011 Although a great deal of research has been carried out regarding seismic isolation, there is a lack of proper research on its behavior and implementing technique in low to medium seismic region. The basic intention of seismic protection systems is to decouple the building structure from the damaging components of the earthquake input motion, that is, to prevent the superstructure of the building from absorbing the earthquake energy. This paper reviews a number of articles on base isolation incorporation in building structure. Lead rubber bearing (LRB), high damping rubber bearing (HDRB), friction pendulum system (FPS) have been critically explored. This study also addressed the detail cram on isolation system, properties, characteristics of various device categories, recognition along with its effect on building structures. Meticulous schoolwork has also been accomplished about installation technique for various site stipulations. The entire superstructure is supported on discrete isolators whose dynamic characteristics are chosen to uncouple the ground motion. Displacement and yielding are concentrated at the level of the isolation devices, and the superstructure behaves very much like a rigid body. Rigorous reckoning illustrated the isolation system as very innovative and suitable in buildings to withstand the seismic lateral forces and also contributed to safety ensuring flexibility of structures. Key words: Seismic protection, base isolation, idealized behavior, hysteresis loop, ductility, installation technique. INTRODUCTION To minimize the transmission of potentially damaging elements can actually help to minimize earthquake earthquake ground motions into a structure is achieved damage to buildings, considering the tremendous forces by the introduction of flexibility at the base of the structure these buildings must endure in a major quake (Cheng et in the horizontal direction while at the same time al., 2008; Islam and Ahmad, 2010). Contrasting the introducing damping elements to restrict the amplitude or conventional design approach based on an increased extent of the motion caused by the earthquake somewhat resistance (strengthening) of the structures, the seismic akin to shock absorbers. In recent years this relatively isolation concept is aimed at a significant reduction of new technology has emerged as a practical and eco- dynamic loads induced by the earthquake at the base of nomic alternative to conventional seismic strengthening. the structures themselves (Micheli et al., 2004, , Islam et This concept has received increasing academic and al., 2010a, 2010b). Seismic isolation separates the professional attention and is being applied to a wide structure from the harmful motions of the ground by range of civil engineering structures. To date there are providing flexibility and energy dissipation capability several hundred buildings in Japan, New Zealand, United through the insertion of the isolated device so called States, India which use seismic isolation principles and isolators between the foundation and the building technology for their seismic design. structure (Ismail et al., 2010). It may come as a surprise that the rubber foundation Invention of lead rubber bearing (LRB, 1970's) and high damping rubber bearing (HDRB,1980's) gives a new dimension to the seismic base isolation design of BI structure (Islam, 2009; Hussain et al., 2010). ICBO *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: (1997) included design specification for isolated +60102573287. Fax: +60379675318. structures as in Uniform building Code, UBC 1997. A 100 J. Eng. Technol. Res. significant amount of both past and recent research in the SEISMIC ISOLATION COMING TO REALITY area of base isolation has focused on the use of elastomeric bearings, such as HDRB and LRB (Islam et Seismic isolation is intended to prevent earthquake al., 2011a, 2011b). Providakis (2008) investigated damage to structures, buildings and building contents. seismic responses of multi- storied buildings for near fault One type of seismic isolation system employs load motion isolated by LRB. Dall’Asta and Ragni (2006, bearing pads, called isolators. They are located strate- 2008), Bhuiyan et al. (2009) covered experimental tests, gically between the foundation and the building structure analytical model and nonlinear dynamic behavior of and are designed to lower the magnitude and frequency HDRB. of seismic shock permitted to enter the building. They Although it is a relatively recent technology, seismic provide both spring and energy absorbing characteristics. isolation for multi storied buildings has been well Figure 1 illustrates the behavior change of structure evaluated and reviewed (Barata and Corbi, 2004; Hong without isolator and with isolator incorporation. and Kim, 2004; Matsagar and Jangid, 2004; The first seismic isolation system was proposed by Dr. Komodromos, 2008; Lu and Lin, 2008; Spyrakos et al., Johannes Calantarients, an English medical doctor, in 2009; Polycarpou and komodromos, 2010). Base isolator 1909. His diagrams show a building separated from its with hardening behavior under increasing loading has foundation by a layer of talc which would isolate the main been developed for medium-rise buildings (up to four structure from seismic shock. The oldest base isolated storeys) and sites with moderate earthquake risk structure of the world, Mausoleum of Cyrus, is shown in (Pocanschi and Phocas, 2007). Nonlinear seismic res- Figure 2. ponse evaluation was performed by Balkaya and Kalkan This technology can be used both for new structural (2003). design and seismic retrofit. In process of seismic retrofit, Resonant behaviour of base-isolated high-rise buildings some of the most prominent U.S. monuments like under long-period ground motions was dealt by Ariga et Pasadena City Hall, San Francisco City Hall, Salt Lake al. (2006) and long period building responses by Olsen et City and County Building or LA City Hall. The seismic al. (2008). Deb (2004), Dicleli and Buddaram (2007), rehabilitation of the Los Angeles City Hall is a landmark Casciati and Hamdaoui (2008), Di Egidio and Contento event in the City's history. For Los Angeles City Hall (2010) have also given effort in progresses of isolated (Figure 3a), in process of seismic upgrading, this high- system. Komodromos et al. (2007), Kilar and Koren rise building was placed atop a mechanical system of (2009) focused the seismic behavior and responses isolators, sliders and dampers called base isolation through dynamic analyses of isolated buildings. Wibowo technology. Later on a few famous isolated buildings et al. (2010) have done the failure and collapse modeling have also been shown in Figure 3. Bhuj Hospital (Figure analysis of weak storey building. The low to medium 3b), New Zealand Assembly Library (Figure 3c) and New earthquake risk region is prone to seismic hazard in the Zealand Parliament (Figure 3d) have been erected on United States too. Many places at the Midwestern areas Lead Rubber bearing type base isolator. Isolation system in US (Southern Illinois, Kentucky, Southern Indiana etc) was also inserted at Te Papa Museum of New Zealand experience low to moderate seismicity. However, for (Figure 3e). Figure 3f shows the practical construction of building construction in these zones, seismic base inserting seismic isolation system in Te Papa Museum isolation can be a suitable alternative as it ensures building. flexibility of building and reduces the lateral forces in a Early concerns were focused on the fear of uncon- drastic manner. Apart from this as the additional cost of trolled displacements at the isolation interface, but these using the system is favorable; these sites can also benefit have been largely overcome with the successful develop- from implementation of this base-isolation system, ment of mechanical energy dissipaters. When used in especially in such buildings as museums, data centers combination with a flexible device, an energy dissipater etc. Though the application of isolator is going to be very can control the response of an isolated structure by familiar all over the world, there is a lack of proper limiting both the displacements and the forces. Interest in research to implement the device practically in low to base isolation as an effective means of protecting medium risk seismic zone especially for local buildings in structures from earthquakes has therefore, been revived Dhaka, Bangladesh region as per the local requirements. in recent years. So, this concern is a very burning matter for this study. The following are the advance developments (Kelly, Site specific earthquake data are also very important in 1998) that have enabled base isolation to be a practical seismic design. This study focused on the detail revise on reality. isolation system, characteristics of various device categories, recognition along with its effect on building (a) The design and manufacture of high quality isolation structures. Thorough schoolwork has also been bearings that are used to support the weight of
Recommended publications
  • Earthquakes: Isolation, Energy Dissipation and Control of Vibrations
    IAEA-TECDOC-819 Earthquakes: Isolation, energy dissipation and control vibrationsof structuresof for nuclear industrialand facilities and buildings Overview of lectures and papers of a seminar organized jointly withthe Italian Working Group on Seismic Isolation (GLIS) held Capri,and in Italy, 23-25 August 1993 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY The IAEA doe t normallsno y maintain stock f reportsso thin i s series. However, microfiche copies of these reports can be obtained from IN IS Clearinghouse International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse 5 0 10 P.Ox Bo . A-1400 Vienna, Austria Orders should be accompanied by prepayment of Austrian Schillings 100,- in the form of a cheque or in the form of IAEA microfiche service coupons orderee whicb y hdma separatel ClearinghouseS y MI froI e mth . The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Nuclear Power Technology Development Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria EARTHQUAKES: ISOLATION, ENERGY DISSIPATION AND CONTROL OF VIBRATIONS OF STRUCTURE NUCLEAR SFO INDUSTRIAD RAN L FACILITIE BUILDINGD SAN S IAEA, VIENNA, 1995 IAEA-TECDOC-819 ISSN 1011-4289 © IAEA, 1995 Printe IAEe th AustriAn i y d b a September 1995 FOREWORD Seismic isolation is one of the most significant seismic engineering developments in recent years. Researc developmentd han , together with application experienc especialle— y for numerous isolated civil structures alst existinr bu ,o fo g nuclear reactor facilitiesd san d ha , already shown in past years that this technique is extremely promising for a wide range of uses in the industrial field, in particular for advanced nuclear plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Seismic Isolation Systems Using Periodic Materials
    Project No. 11-3219 Development of Seismic Isolation Systems Using Periodic Materials Nuclear Energy Enabling Technologies Dr. Yi-Lung Mo University of Houston In collaboraon with: University of Texas-Aus5n Prairie View A&M University Argonne Naonal Laboratory Alison Hahn, Federal POC Ron Harwell, Technical POC DEVELOPMENT OF SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEMS USING PERIODIC MATERIALS TECHNICAL REPORT Project No. 3219 By Yiqun Yan and Y.L. Mo University of Houston Farn-Yuh Menq and Kenneth H. Stokoe, II The University of Texas at Austin Judy Perkins Prairie View A & M University Yu Tang Argonne National Laboratory Performed in cooperation with the Department of Energy September 2014 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Houston Houston, Texas ii DISCLAIMER This research was performed in cooperation with the Department of Energy (DOE), the University of Texas at Austin, Prairie View A&M University, and Argonne National Laboratory. The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official view or policies of the DOE. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation, nor is it intended for construction, bidding, or permit purposes. Trade names were used solely for information and not product endorsement. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research, Project No. 3219, was financially supported by the Department of Energy NEUP NEET-1 Program. Alison Hahn Krager (Federal Manager), Jack Lance (National Technical Director), and Ron Harwell (Technical POC) served as the project monitoring committee. v ABSTRACT Advanced fast nuclear power plants and small modular fast reactors are composed of thin-walled structures such as pipes; as a result, they do not have sufficient inherent strength to resist seismic loads.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of Base Isolation Systems
    Study of Base Isolation Systems by ARtCHNVES MASSACHUSEMS INS rE. OF TECHNOLOGY Saruar Manarbek JUL 0 8 2013 Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering University of Warwick, 2012 LIBRARIES Submitted to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology June 2013 @2013 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. Signature of Author: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering May 21, 2013 Certified by: Jerome J. Connor 7 Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Thesis Supervisor if /7 A Accepted by: - I H idi Nepf Chair, Departmental Committee for Graduate tudents Study of Base Isolation Systems by Saruar Manarbek Submitted to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering in May, 2013 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Engineering in Civil and Environmental Engineering Abstract The primary objective of this investigation is to outline the relevant issues concerning the conceptual design of base isolated structures. A 90 feet high, 6 stories tall, moment steel frame structure with tension cross bracing is used to compare the response of both fixed base and base isolated schemes to severe earthquake excitations. Techniques for modeling the superstructure and the isolation system are also described. Elastic time-history analyses were carried out using comprehensive finite element structural analysis software package SAP200. Time history analysis was conducted for the 1940 El Centro earthquake. Response spectrum analysis was employed to investigate the effects of earthquake loading on the structure. In addition, the building lateral system was designed using the matrix stiffness calibration method and modal analysis was employed to compare the intended period of the structure with the results from computer simulations.
    [Show full text]
  • Seismic Isolation Technology March 18-20,1992
    International Atomic Energy Agency IWGFR / 87 International Working Group on Fast Reactors XA0055376 IAEA Specialists' Meeting on Seismic Isolation Technology March 18-20,1992 Proceedings GE Nuclear Energy 6835 Via Del Oro, %, 3 1/36 San Jose, California 95119 93-077-01 International Atomic Energy Agency IWGFR/87 International Working Group on Fast Reactors IAEA,Spe^^|Meeting on Seismic Is6itti^OTechnology MarchvlS-20,1992 Proceedings GE Nuclear Energy 6835 Via Del Oro, San Jose, California 95119 93-077-01 IAEA Specialists' Meeting on Seismic Isolation Technology San Jose, California, March 18-20, 1992 FORWORD The International Atomic Energy Agency held a Specialists' Meeting on Seismic Isolation Technology in San Jose, California, on March 18-20, 1992. Twenty-three experts from seven countries participated including V. Arkhipov, as the IAEA representative. The objective of the meeting was to provide a forum for review and discussion of seismic isolation technology applicable to thermal and fast reactors. The meeting was conducted consistent with the recommendations of the IAEA Working Group Meeting on Fast Breeder Reactor-Block Antiseismic Design and Verification in Bologna, October 1987, to augment a coordinated research program with specific recommendations and an assessment of technology in the area of seismic isolation. Seismic isolation has become an attractive means for mitigating the consequences of severe earthquakes. Although the general idea of seismic isolation has been considered since the turn of the century, real practical
    [Show full text]
  • Seismic Control of Symmetric and Asymmetric Framed Structures by Base Isolation Method
    International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 02 Issue: 05 | Aug-2015 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 SEISMIC CONTROL OF SYMMETRIC AND ASYMMETRIC FRAMED STRUCTURES BY BASE ISOLATION METHOD V. Harshitha1, E. Arunakanthi2 1 Master of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract – In recent years considerable attention has is more studied and applied to the existing buildings than been paid to research and development of structural the others. Base isolation[5] is a passive vibration control control devices with particular emphasis on mitigation of system that does not require any external power source wind and seismic response of buildings. Many vibration- for its operation and utilizes the motion of the structure to control measures like passive, active, semi-active and develop the control forces. Performance of base isolated hybrid vibration control methods have been developed. buildings in different parts of the world during Passive vibration control keeps the building to remain earthquakes in the recent past established that the base essentially elastic during large earthquakes and has isolation technology is a viable alternative to conventional fundamental frequency lower than both its fixed base earthquake-resistant design of buildings. frequency and the dominant frequencies of ground motion. Base isolation is a passive vibration control 1.1 Concept of Base Isolation system. Free vibration and forced vibration analysis was The basic concept in seismic isolation is to protect the carried out on the framed structure by the use of structure from the damaging effects of an earthquake by computer program SAP 2000 v15.0.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance of Base Isolators and Tuned Mass Dampers in Vibration Control of a Multistoried Building
    IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSRJMCE) ISSN: 2278-1684 Volume 2, Issue 6 (Sep-Oct 2012), PP 01-07 www.iosrjournals.org Performance of Base Isolators and Tuned Mass Dampers in Vibration Control of a Multistoried Building Julie S 1, Sajeeb R 2 1P G Student in Structural Engineering and Construction Management, Department of Civil Engineering, T K M College of Engineering, Kollam, Kerala, India 2Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, T K M College of Engineering, Kollam, Kerala, India Abstract : Earthquakes create vibrations on the ground that are translated into dynamic loads which cause the ground and anything attached to it to vibrate in a complex manner and cause damage to buildings and other structures. Civil engineering is continuously improving ways to cope with this inherent phenomenon. Conventional strategies of strengthening the system consume more materials and energy. Moreover, higher masses lead to higher seismic forces. Alternative strategies such as passive control systems are found to be effective in reducing the seismic and other dynamic effects on civil engineering structures. The present paper focuses on the performance evaluation of a few passive control systems such as base isolation systems and tuned mass dampers in the vibration control of a linear multi storied structure under harmonic and earthquake base motions. Base isolators such as Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) system and Friction Pendulum System (FPS); and, a tuned mass damper (TMD) are designed for a ten storied reinforced concrete building. The building is modelled as a 10 degrees of freedom shear building model and Bouc Wen model is used to describe the hysteretic behaviour of base isolators.
    [Show full text]
  • Seismic Design of Structures Using Base Isolation Qualitative Guidelines
    PBS8-235338 Project No. 86-246 Paul C. Rizzo Associates, Inc. March 1988 CONSULTANTS Report Seismic Design of National Science Foundation Structures Using Washington, D.C. Base Isolation Qualitative Guidelines IS RESPONSE NO ACCEPTABLE? YES EVALUATE (IS OUCnLlTY D[MAND f--------'--<: >----------1 COSTS ACCEPTABLE?) REFlNE ISOLAnON SYSTEM OR S1RUCruRE DESIGN REPRODUCED BY ns EYALUA IT U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE COSTS NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE SPRMFIELD. VA 22161 NO REPORT DOCUMENTATION 11. Jt£PO'"' MO. PAGE I NSF/ENG-88003 4. TItle aftCl SuMItIe L lIle....tt o.te Seismic Design of Structures Using Base Isolation, Qualitative March 1988 Guidelines Co 1.~&) L ~....i.. o..."iZat-. lItwpt. ..... N.R. Vaidya; E. Bazan-Zurita 86-246 Paul C. Rizzo Associates, Inc. 10 Duff Road, Suite 300 11. e-ntdfC) or GrantC(o) ..... Pittsburgh, PA 15235 (C) (ei) CE58615 240 U. 5ponw.on"C o..al\lZat~ H..... • ftC! Adcl..... Directorate for Engineering (ENG) National Science Foundation 1800 G Street~ N.W. Washington, DC 20550 J-----------------.---- -----_.-._-- 'Trie pv.y··pc(se C('f trlE' ·~"'·e~sc(,~...··t is tCi ',,"'e'l/ie\ll~ 'erie {:(ve'("iEtl1 c·c,·t$c:·e~d; c"f base :~ 50<,.:( 1 (:;('C ~i:. Cf')"'( ia',"jt::i to r.:, f,j ~~~'V ~~ :;, <:tp r:"C:'rit::'~:q! f:rt U iiit], f':"j~" i ,~; e,;,.,:i ii~ of' c:q'" d f,~~'t. fll.'·~"'·!n i 'rl '5. '(~Ej 't;. h f.~! applicability of b •••-isolated systems. The repc~~ dev.lops qualita~ive guideliY,es fc(~' selec~iYss base isolatio~ as a d'esigys =.
    [Show full text]
  • Seismic Base Isolation for Earthquake Resistant Structure
    © IJEDR 2019 | Volume 7, Issue 3 | ISSN: 2321-9939 Seismic Base Isolation For Earthquake Resistant Structure Krishna Holiprasad Gupta Student Siddhant College Of Engineering, Pune _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract - ETABS are mostly use to design the building structure. This software is used to design base isolated structure and compare with conventional structure. The present study is based on the comparative study of fixed base building and isolated base building. 1) INTRODUCTION Base isolation, also known as seismic base isolation or base isolation system, is one of the most popular means of protecting a structure against earthquake forces. It is a collection of structural elements which should substantially decouple a superstructure from its substructure resting on a shaking ground thus protecting a building or non- building structure's integrity. Base isolation is one of the most powerful tools of earthquake engineering pertaining to the passive structural vibration control technologies. It is meant to enable a building or non-building structure to survive a potentially devastating seismic impact through a proper initial design or subsequent modifications. In some cases, application of base isolation can raise both a structure's seismic performance and its seismic sustainability considerably. Contrary to popular belief base isolation does not make a building earthquake proof. Base isolation system consists of isolation units with or without isolations components, where: 1. Isolation units are the basic elements of a base isolation system which are intended to provide the aforementioned decoupling effect to a building or non-building structure. 2. Isolation components are the connections between isolation units and their parts having no decoupling effect of their own.
    [Show full text]
  • DE90 012645 Proceedings of the First International Seminar on Seismic
    CONF-8906221- DE90 012645 Proceedings of the First International Seminar on Seismic Base Isolation for Nuclear Power Facilities August 21-22, 1989 San Francisco, California, USA DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United Stales Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsi- bility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Refer- ence herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise docs not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recom- mendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United Stairs Government or any agency thereof. ft post-Conference Seminar of the 10th International Conference on Structural Kechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT), August W-18, 1989, Anaheim, California, USA Irs, JWSTR1BUTI0N Of THIS DCOTc,V7 .'$ BKLIM'TEP Organizers: Dr. Yao-Wen Chang Reactor Analysis and Safety Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, Illinois U.S.A. Or. Talcashi Kuroda Nuclear Power Division Shinizu Corporation Tokyo, Japan Dr. Alessandro Hartelli ENEA-Department of Innovative Reactors Bologna, Italy Contents Page Preface: Overview and Summary of First International Seminar on Seismic Base Isolation for Nuclear Power Facilities, Vac-Wen Chang (ANL - USA), Takashi Kuroda (Shimizu Corp.-NP - Japan), Alessandro Martelii (ENEA-DRI - Italy) 1 Keynote Address: Commentary on U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Passive Control of Civil Engineering Structures
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Biblioteca Digital do IPB Integrity, Reliability and Failure of Mechanical Systems PAPER REF: 4756 PASSIVE CONTROL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURES Manuel Braz-César 1(*) , Rui Carneiro de Barros 2 1Polythecnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal 2Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (*) Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Structural control has been a major research area in aerospace engineering aimed at solving very complex problems related with analysis and design of flexible structures. The efficiency of these strategies to improve the performance of several structural systems suggests its potential to reduce damage and control earthquake-induced response in civil structures. Therefore, this technology has been well accepted by structural engineers as a feasible approach to design improved earthquake resistant structures. The present paper provide a brief description of each control scheme describing the main properties of different anti-seismic solutions and presenting the most relevant developments in this area. Control methodologies and devices are highlighted identifying their advantages and limitations. The main focus of this paper is to present a comprehensive state-of-the-art of passive control system. Different passive techniques are described and the effectiveness in mitigating seismic hazard for structures is addressed. Keywords: passive control, base isolation, energy dissipation. INTRODUCTION Passive control was among the first control scheme to mitigate vibrations in civil engineering structures such as buildings and long bridges with high level of seismic safety. This type of control do not require power to operate and therefore passive systems are non-controllable in the sense that is not possible to change the control forces or the device behaviour during the earthquake excitation.
    [Show full text]
  • ''Smart'' Base Isolation Strategies Employing Magnetorheological Dampers
    ‘‘Smart’’ Base Isolation Strategies Employing Magnetorheological Dampers H. Yoshioka1; J. C. Ramallo2; and B. F. Spencer Jr.3 Abstract: One of the most successful means of protecting structures against severe seismic events is base isolation. However, optimal design of base isolation systems depends on the magnitude of the design level earthquake that is considered. The features of an isolation system designed for an El Centro-type earthquake typically will not be optimal for a Northridge-type earthquake and vice versa. To be effective during a wide range of seismic events, an isolation system must be adaptable. To demonstrate the efficacy of recently proposed ‘‘smart’’ base isolation paradigms, this paper presents the results of an experimental study of a particular adaptable, or smart, base isolation system that employs magnetorheological ͑MR͒ dampers. The experimental structure, constructed and tested at the Structural Dynamics and Control/Earthquake Engineering Laboratory at the Univ. of Notre Dame, is a base-isolated two-degree-of-freedom building model subjected to simulated ground motion. A sponge-type MR damper is installed between the base and the ground to provide controllable damping for the system. The effectiveness of the proposed smart base isolation system is demonstrated for both far-field and near-field earthquake excitations. DOI: 10.1061/͑ASCE͒0733-9399͑2002͒128:5͑540͒ CE Database keywords: Damping; Base isolation; Earthquake excitation. Introduction nently damaged by higher excitations ͑Inaudi and Kelly 1993͒, efforts have turned toward the use of isolation for protection of a Seismic base isolation is one of the most successful techniques to building’s contents. For example, base isolation systems have mitigate the risk to life and property from strong earthquakes been employed in a semiconductor facility in Japan to reduce ͑Skinner et al.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Approach to Seismic Base Isolation Using Air-Bearing Solutions
    A New Approach to Seismic Base Isolation Using Air-bearing Solutions MohammadHossein HarbiMonfared Department of Engineering and Built Environment Anglia Ruskin University This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2015 This work is dedicated to those who have lost their loved ones in an earthquake. ii Acknowledgement I would like to express my sincere appreciation to Prof. Hassan Shirvani, my supervisor for his insightful guidance, inspiring encouragement and the continuous support of my Ph.D. study and related research. My special thanks also goes to Dr. Ayoub Shirvani, my former supervisor whom without his precious support it would have not been possible to conduct this research. Besides, I would like to thank the rest of my supervisory team: Dr. Sunny Nwaubani and Dr. Ahad Ramezanpour for their valuable comments and encouragement. My warm thanks goes to all my colleagues and friends at Anglia Ruskin University who helped me in this research project; Dr. Ehsan Eslamian for sharing his knowledge in fluid mechanics and Mr. Dan Jackson, for workshop preparation and laboratory tests. I am also grateful to Mr. Reza Ghadimzadegan of GeoSIG for providing the measurement instruments used in experimental tests. Last but not the least, I would like to express my heart-felt gratitude to my family for their love, patience and supports throughout my life. iii Declaration I certify that except where due acknowledgment is made in the text, the contents of this dissertation are genuine results of my own work and have not been submitted in any form for another degree or diploma.
    [Show full text]