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Thumbs Package Example Information and Communication Technologies for Integrated Operations of Ships Liping Mu Information and Communication Technologies for Integrated Operations of Ships A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Philosophiae Doctor (PhD) in Information and Communication Technology University of Agder Faculty of Engineering and Science 2013 iii Doctoral Dissertation by the University of Agder 74 ISBN: 978-82-7117-753-9 ISSN: 1504-9272 Copyright c by Liping Mu, 2013 All rights reserved unless otherwise stated. Printed by the Printing Office, University of Agder Kristiansand iv To my parents v vi Preface and Acknowledgments This dissertation is a result of the research work carried out at the Department of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), University of Agder (UiA) in Grimstad, Norway, from April 2009 to October 2012. This work is part of the project entitled “Maritime Communications - broadband at sea (MarCom)”. The MarCom project is a joint initiative from several research and development insti- tutions, universities and colleges, public authorities and industry. The project is funded by the industry itself, and the Norwegian Research Council. First of all, I want to express my sincere thanks to my principal supervisor, Pro- fessor Andreas Prinz. His valuable guidance, suggestions and continuous support helped me from the very beginning till the completion of this work. I believe that the lessons I learned from working together with him will always guide me forward in the future. I also must say thanks a lot to my co-supervisor, Professor Frank Re- ichert. Without his encouragement and supervision, I could not have developed an overview understanding of this subject and mapped it into the thesis. I am very thankful to many former and ongoing fellow PhD students, Terje Gjøsæter, Jaziar Radiant, Merete Skjelten Tveit, Jan Pettersen Nytun, Selo Sulistyo, Trinh Hoang Nguyen, Yohannes Baptista Dafferianto Trinugroho, Anis Yazidi. They were always available to answer my questions and help deal with difficulties in the PhD study. Cheelim Ng, Yuanyuan Ma, Ram Kumar, Martin Choux, Peter Wesseh, Morten Kollerup Bak, all of them are worthy of a very special round of applause. Their company has made my stay in Norway full of fun. We were like a bunch of nerds acting real-life “Friends”. My sincere gratitude goes to following individuals: Xin He, Xuan Zhang, Lei Jiao, Meng Li, Michelle Khoo, who are like my family members abroad. I also want to thank my family in China: my parents, Wenbin Mu and Runlan Li, and my sister Lihua Mu. Their support is the consistent source that leads me to approaching my life happily and peacefully. Liping Mu November 2012 Oslo, Norway vii viii Abstract Over the past three decades, information and communication technologies have filled our daily life with great comfort and convenience. As the technology keeps evolving, user expectations for more challenging cases that can benefit from ad- vanced information and communication technologies are increasing, e.g., the sce- nario of Integrated Operations (IO) for ships in the maritime domain. However, to realize integrated operations for ships is a complex task that in- volves addressing problems such as interoperability among heterogeneous opera- tion applications and connectivity within harsh maritime communication environ- ments. The common approach was to tackle these challenges separately by service integration and communication integration, respectively: each utilizes optimized and independent implementations. Separate solutions work fine within their own contexts, whereas conflicts and inconsistencies can be identified by integrating them together for specific maritime scenarios. Therefore, connection between separate solutions needs to be studied. In this dissertation, we first take a look at complex systems to obtain useful methodologies applied to integrated operations for ships. Then we study IO of ships from different perspectives and divide the complex task into sub-tasks. We explore separate approaches to these sub-tasks, examine the connection in between, resolve inconsistencies if there are any, and continue the exploration process till a compatible and integrated solution can be accomplished. In general, this journey represents our argument for an integration-oriented complex system development approach. In concrete, it shows the way on how to achieve IO of ships by both providing connectivity in harsh communication environments and allowing inter- operability among heterogeneous operation applications, and most importantly by ensuring the synergy in between. This synergy also gives hints on the evolution towards a next generation network architecture for the future Internet. ix x List of Publications The author of this dissertation is the principal contributor and the first author of eight out of ten papers listed below. Papers A-F in the first set are selected to represent the main research achievements and are reproduced as Part II of this dissertation. Papers 7-10 listed in the second set are complementary to the main focus. They are not included in this dissertation because of either overlapping work or addressing relatively different topics from the focus of the dissertation. Papers Included in the Dissertation Paper A L. Mu, A. Prinz, and C. Erik. Moe, “Towards Integration-Oriented Complex System Development,” in Proc. Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi (NOKOBIT), Tro- msø, Norway, 21-23 November 2011. Paper B L. Mu, L. Kuang and A. Prinz, “Maritime Data Integration Using Standard ISO 15926,” in Proc. the 20th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE), Beijing, China, 20- 26 June 2010. Paper C L. Mu, R. Kumar, and A. Prinz, “An Integrated Wireless Commu- nication Architecture for Maritime Sector,” in Proc. the 4th In- ternational Workshop on Multiple Access Communications (MA- COM), Trento, Italy, 11-13 September 2010. Paper D L. Mu, and A. Prinz, “Delay-Oriented Data Traffic Migration in Maritime Mobile Communication Environments,” in Proc. the 4th Fourth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN), Phuket, Thailand, 04-06 July 2012. xi Paper E L. Mu, “A Hybrid Network for Maritime on-board Communica- tions,” in Proc. the 8th IEEE International Conference on Wire- less and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob), Barcelona, Spain, 08-10 October 2012. Paper F L. Mu, A. Prinz, and F. Reichert, “Towards Integrated Operations for Ships,” accepted by the 9th International Wireless Commu- nications & Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy, 01-05 July 2013. Papers Not Included in the Dissertation Paper 7 L. Mu, and N. Garmann-Johnsen, “On-board Communication Chal- lenges (LAN, SOA and wireless communication),” Marine Navi- gation and Safety of Sea Transportation, 2009. Paper 8 L. Mu, T. Gjøsæter, A. Prinz, and M. S. Tveit “Specification of Modelling Languages in a flexible meta-model Architecture,” in Proc. the 4th European Conference on Software Architecture, Copenhagen, Denmark, 23-26 August 2010. Paper 9 X. He, R. Kumar, L. Mu, and T. Gjøsæter, “Formal Verifica- tion of a Cooperative Automatic Repeat Request MAC Protocol,” in Proc. the Norwegian Informatikkonferanse (NIK), November 2010. Paper 10 X. He, R. Kumar, L. Mu, T. Gjøsæter, and F. Y. Li “Formal Veri- fication of a Cooperative Automatic Repeat Request MAC Proto- col,” Computer Standards & Interfaces, December 2011. xii Contents Preface and Acknowledgments vii Abstract ix List of Publications xi List of Figures xviii Part I - Overview 1 1 Introduction 3 1.1 The Concept of Integrated Operations for Ships . .3 1.2 Research Challenges and Objectives . .4 1.3 Organization of the Dissertation . .7 2 Research Methodology for Complexity Handling 9 2.1 Introduction to Complexities Associated with the Development of Modern Information Systems . .9 2.2 Existing Solutions on Addressing Complexities . 10 2.3 An Integration-Oriented Approach towards Large Complex Systems 12 2.3.1 For Large Information Systems . 13 2.3.2 For Integrated Operations of Ships . 14 2.4 Chapter Summary . 15 3 Service Integration for the Interoperability of Heterogeneous Opera- tion Applications 17 3.1 Data Integration and Application Integration . 17 3.2 Existing Integration Approaches . 19 3.2.1 Data Integration . 19 3.2.2 Application Integration . 20 3.2.2.1 Service Oriented Architecture . 21 xiii 3.2.2.2 Web Services . 22 3.2.2.3 Enterprise Service Bus . 23 3.3 Maritime Data Integration Using the Standard ISO 15926 . 24 3.4 Maritime Application Integration and Challenges . 26 3.5 Chapter Summary . 27 4 Communication Integration for the Connectivity in Challenging Mar- itime Environments 29 4.1 Maritime Communication Challenges and System Requirements . 29 4.2 Existing Communication Architecture Designs . 30 4.3 IP-based Solutions . 31 4.4 Overlay Solutions . 33 4.4.1 The Ship-to-Shore Communication Case . 34 4.4.2 The On-Board Communication Case . 35 4.5 Chapter Summary . 36 5 Negotiation Between Service and Communication Integration Solutions 39 5.1 Connection Between Separate Solutions . 39 5.2 Conflicts Between Separate Solutions . 42 5.3 Negotiation Applied to the Integration of Separate Solutions . 43 5.4 Implementing a Service-Oriented Communication Mediator . 44 5.4.1 Existing Network Mediation Mechanisms . 44 5.4.2 Service-Oriented Network Architectures . 46 5.4.3 Incrementally Deploy the Service-Oriented Mediator . 49 5.5 Chapter Summary . 50 6 Summary, Conclusion, and Outlook 53 6.1 Summary . 53 6.2 Conclusion . 54 6.3 Further Outlook . 56 References 57 Part II - Collection of Papers 64 A Paper A - Complex System Development 65 B Paper B - Maritime Data Integration 83 C Paper C - IP-based Ship-to-Shore Communication 101 xiv D Paper D - Overlay-based Ship-to-Shore Data Migration 119 E Paper E - Overlay-based On-Board Communication 137 F Paper F - Integrated Operations for Ships 157 xv xvi List of Figures 1.1 The Vision of Integrated Operations for Ships. .4 1.2 The Structure of the Research Work and Connected Papers. .6 2.1 Existing Solutions on Addressing Complexities.
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