Wessex Archaeology

NEWTHORPE SEWAGE TREATMENT WORKS, NOTTINGHAMSHIRE Desk Based Assessment

Ref: 79870.01 November 2011

NEWTHORPE SEWAGE TREATMENT WORKS, NOTTINGHAMSHIRE

Desk Based Assessment

Prepared for: MWH Global Endeavour House, Severn Trent Water Offices, Raynesway, Derby, DE21 7BE

by Wessex Archaeology Unit R6, Riverside Block, Sheaf Bank Business Park, Prospect Road, Sheffield. S2 3EN

Project No: 79870

November 2011

DISCLAIMER

THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT WAS DESIGNED AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF A REPORT TO AN INDIVIDUAL CLIENT AND WAS PREPARED SOLELY FOR THE BENEFIT OF THAT CLIENT. THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT DOES NOT NECESSARILY STAND ON ITS OWN AND IS NOT INTENDED TO NOR SHOULD IT BE RELIED UPON BY ANY THIRD PARTY. TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW WESSEX ARCHAEOLOGY WILL NOT BE LIABLE BY REASON OF BREACH OF CONTRACT NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE (WHETHER DIRECT INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL) OCCASIONED TO ANY PERSON ACTING OR OMITTING TO ACT OR REFRAINING FROM ACTING IN RELIANCE UPON THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT ARISING FROM OR CONNECTED WITH ANY ERROR OR OMISSION IN THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THE REPORT. LOSS OR DAMAGE AS REFERRED TO ABOVE SHALL BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE, BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO, ANY LOSS OF PROFITS OR ANTICIPATED PROFITS DAMAGE TO REPUTATION OR GOODWILL LOSS OF BUSINESS OR ANTICIPATED BUSINESS DAMAGES COSTS EXPENSES INCURRED OR PAYABLE TO ANY THIRD PARTY (IN ALL CASES WHETHER DIRECT INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL) OR ANY OTHER DIRECT INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL LOSS OR DAMAGE

QUALITY ASSURANCE

SITE CODE 79870 ACCESSION CODE N/A CLIENT CODE N/A PLANNING APPLICATION REF. N/A NGR 447563, 344688

VERSION STATUS* PREPARED APPROVED APPROVER’S DATE FILE BY BY SIGNATURE

0.1 E GC CM Redacted 17/11/11 S:\SEVERN TRENT WATER PROJECTS\79870 NEWTHORPE STW NOTTS\REPORTS for data protection

• I= INTERNAL DRAFT E= EXTERNAL DRAFT F= FINAL

NEWTHORPE SEWAGE TREATMENT WORKS, NOTTINGHAMSHIRE

Desk Based Assessment

Contents Summary ...... v Acknowledgements ...... vi 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Project Background ...... 1 1.2 Site Location and Geology ...... 1 1.3 The Proposed Development...... 1 2 METHODOLOGY ...... 1 2.1 Aims and Scope ...... 1 2.2 Study Area ...... 2 2.3 Sources ...... 2 2.4 Site Visit ...... 2 2.5 Chronology ...... 2 2.6 Best Practice ...... 3 2.7 Assumptions and Limitations...... 3 2.8 Copyright ...... 3 3 PLANNING BACKGROUND ...... 3 3.1 Introduction ...... 3 3.2 PPS5: Planning for the Historic Environment ...... 4 3.3 Local Plans ...... 4 4 BASELINE RESOURCE ...... 5 4.1 Introduction ...... 5 4.2 Statutory and Local Heritage Designations ...... 5 4.3 Archaeological and Historical Context ...... 6 4.4 Site visit ...... 8 5 DISCUSSION ...... 8 5.1 Introduction ...... 8 5.2 Designated Heritage Assets ...... 8 5.3 Undesignated and Potential Heritage Assets ...... 9 5.4 Potential Impact on Heritage Assets ...... 9 6 CONCLUSIONS ...... 10 6.1 Statement of Significance and Impact ...... 10 6.2 Recommendations ...... 10 7 REFERENCES...... 11 APPENDIX 1: GAZETTEER OF HERITAGE ASSETS AND EVENTS ...... 12 APPENDIX 2: TABLES ...... 16

NEWTHORPE SEWAGE TREATMENT WORKS, NOTTINGHAMSHIRE

Desk Based Assessment

Index of Figures and Plates

Front Cover: Newthorpe Sewage Treatment Works Back Cover: Drain running northeast-southwest across the Site

Figure 1: Site Location Figure 2: HER assets within Study Area Figure 3: Historic Ordnance Survey Maps: 1881, 1921, 1977-82

Plate 1: The Site, view from south with area of disturbance in foreground Plate 2: The Site, view from southwest with drain and STW in background

NEWTHORPE SEWAGE TREATMENT WORKS, NOTTINGHAMSHIRE

Desk Based Assessment

Summary

Wessex Archaeology was commissioned by MWH Global (‘the Client’) to undertake an archaeological desk based assessment of land southwest of the existing sewage treatment works (STW) at Newthorpe, Nottinghamshire (‘the Site’; NGR 447563, 344688). This assessment was requested by the Client to assess the nature, location, and relative significance of known and potential heritage assets at the Site.

The proposed development involves the construction of new wash plant, feed and discharge pipes, stock pile areas and access route, to the southwest of the existing STW.

Publicly accessible sources of primary and synthesised information were consulted to identify heritage assets within a 1km Study Area around the Site, in order to provide a context for the discussion and interpretation of the known and potential resource within the Site.

No Prehistoric or Romano-British sites have been identified within the Study Area therefore there is a low potential for encountering Prehistoric or Roman remains during the works. There is no physical evidence for the Anglo-Saxon and medieval occupation and land use within the Study Area. It is likely that farming was the main occupation within the Study Area at this time. There is a low potential for encountering Anglo-Saxon or medieval remains during the works.

Post-medieval to modern remains within the Study Area largely relate to the industrial and infrastructural development of the area. There is medium potential for encountering remains dating to this period, particularly field boundaries and drains, and any remains which may be encountered would be considered to be of local significance.

It is considered that, in accordance with regional and national planning policy, further archaeological investigation will be required. Whilst the nature of any additional archaeological work will be determined by Nottinghamshire County Council, it is considered likely that this will take the form of an archaeological watching brief during groundworks.

The scope and nature of any further work should be agreed with Nottinghamshire County Council and undertaken in line with an agreed Written Scheme of Investigation, produced in advance of any site works.

NEWTHORPE SEWAGE TREATMENT WORKS, NOTTINGHAMSHIRE

Desk Based Assessment

Acknowledgements

This project was commissioned by MWH Global; Wessex Archaeology would like to thank Shauna Barrett in this regard.

The report was researched and compiled by Grace Corbett, and illustrated by Chris Breeden. The project was managed for Wessex Archaeology by Andrea Burgess.

NEWTHORPE SEWAGE TREATMENT WORKS, NOTTINGHAMSHIRE

Desk Based Assessment

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Background 1.1.1 Wessex Archaeology was commissioned by MWH Global (‘the Client’) to undertake an archaeological desk based assessment of land southwest of the existing sewage treatment works (STW) at Newthorpe, Nottinghamshire, (‘the Site’; NGR 447563, 344688) (Figure 1 ).

1.1.2 This assessment was requested by the Client in order to define the nature, location, and relative significance of known and potential heritage assets at the Site.

1.2 Site Location and Geology 1.2.1 The Site (Figure 1 ) is located south of the A610, 400m north-west of Awsworth village in the township of Newthorpe. The Site is currently an agricultural field with the existing STW to the north and east. The Site is located 4km west of Nottingham city.

1.2.2 The Site is bounded to the south by an unnamed road and to the west by agricultural land. Gilt Brook flows to the south of the Site with the River Erewash located 600m to the west.

1.2.3 The Site is located at approximately 57m aOD at the northern end and slopes gently south-eastwards. The Site lies on Pennine lower coal measures of mudstone, siltstone and sandstone (Geological Survey of England and Wales Sheet 125 - Derby).

1.3 The Proposed Development 1.3.1 The proposed development involves the construction of new wash plant, feed and discharge pipes, stock pile areas and access route, on land southwest of the existing STW.

2 METHODOLOGY

2.1 Aims and Scope 2.1.1 The aim of this assessment is to identify and assess the significance of known and potential heritage assets within the Site and its environs that may be affected by the proposed development.

2.1.2 This assessment therefore considers archaeological remains (both above and below ground) and elements of the historic landscape.

2.1.3 This report assesses the likely impact of the proposed development on the archaeology and the historic landscape, and provides recommendations for appropriate mitigation strategies.

2.2 Study Area 2.2.1 Recorded heritage assets within a 1km Study Area around the Site were considered in order to provide a context for the discussion and interpretation of the known and potential resource within the Site (Figure 2).

2.3 Sources 2.3.1 A number of publicly accessible sources of primary and synthesised information were consulted. A brief summary of the sources consulted is given below.

Historic Environment Record 2.3.2 The Nottinghamshire Historic Environment Record (NHER) is a database of all recorded archaeological sites, findspots, and archaeological events within the administrative area, and was consulted for this study in October 2011. The Derbyshire Historic Environment Record (DHER) was also consulted for this project. Information from the HERs, along with that from the additional sources, has been reviewed and synthesised for the purposes of this report. The HER data is provided in gazetteer format in Appendix 1 and illustrated on Figure 2 .

Legislative and Planning Documents 2.3.1 The Broxtowe Local Plan was consulted for information relating to any existing development controls and additional planning guidance relating to heritage assets. This desk based assessment was prepared in accordance with national guidelines including Planning Policy Statement 5 (PPS5) (DLCG 2010). The results of a review of this guidance and, where relevant, details of any statutory and non-statutory designations are included in section 3.

Documentary Sources 2.3.2 A search of relevant primary and secondary sources was carried out at the Nottinghamshire Archives and in Wessex Archaeology’s own library. Both published and unpublished archaeological reports relating to excavations and observations in the area around the Scheme were studied. The sources consulted are listed in the References section below.

Cartographic Sources 2.3.3 A search of historic manuscripts and Ordnance Survey maps was carried out. All maps consulted in the preparation of this document are listed in References .

2.4 Site Visit 2.4.1 The Site was visited on November 9th 2011. The aim of the visit was to assess the general aspect, character, condition and setting of the Site and to identify any potential impacts not evident from secondary sources. Weather conditions were bright and dry. A fieldwork record comprising digital photography is held in the project archive.

2.5 Chronology 2.5.1 Where mentioned in the text, the main archaeological periods are broadly defined by the following date ranges:

• Modern 1900-present • 19 th century 1800-1900 • Post-medieval 1500-1799 • Medieval AD1066-1499 • Saxon AD410-1066 • Post-Roman AD410-650 • Romano-British AD 43-410 • Iron Age 700 BC- AD 43 • Bronze Age 2400-700 BC • Neolithic 4000-2400 BC • Mesolithic 8500-4000BC • Palaeolithic 500000-10000BP

2.6 Best Practice 2.6.1 This assessment has been carried out in accordance with the Institute for Archaeologists’ Standard and Guidance for desk based assessment (IfA 1994, revised October 2008).

2.7 Assumptions and Limitations 2.7.1 Data used to compile this report consists of secondary information derived from a variety of sources, only some of which have been directly examined for the purposes of this Study. The assumption is made that this data, as well as that derived from other secondary sources, is reasonably accurate.

2.7.2 The records held by NHER and DHER are not a record of all surviving elements of the cultural heritage resource, but a record of the discovery of a wide range of archaeological and historical components of the cultural heritage. The information held within it is not complete and does not preclude the subsequent discovery of further elements of the historic environment that are, at present, unknown.

2.8 Copyright 2.8.1 This report may contain material that is non-Wessex Archaeology copyright (e.g. Ordnance Survey, British Geological Survey, Crown Copyright), or the intellectual property of third parties, which we are able to provide for limited reproduction under the terms of our own copyright licences, but for which copyright itself is non-transferrable by Wessex Archaeology. Users remain bound by the conditions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 with regard to multiple copying and electronic dissemination of the report.

3 PLANNING BACKGROUND

3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 There is national legislation and guidance relating to the protection of, and proposed development on or near, important archaeological sites or historical buildings within planning regulations as defined under the provisions of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990. In addition, local

authorities are responsible for the protection of the historic environment within the planning system.

3.1.2 The following section provides details of the national, regional and local planning and legislative framework governing the treatment of archaeological remains within the planning process.

3.2 PPS5: Planning for the Historic Environment 3.2.1 Planning Policy Statement 5 (PPS5) Planning for the Historic Environment was published by the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) in March 2010, and sets out the Government’s national planning policies on the conservation of the historic environment.

3.2.2 The policies in the PPS are a material consideration which, were relevant, must be taken into account in development management decisions. These policies also apply to the consideration of the historic landscape in relation to other heritage-related consent regimes for which planning authorities are responsible under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990.

3.2.3 PPS 5 Annex 3 defines a heritage asset as ‘a building monument, site, place, area or landscape positively identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions. Heritage assets are the valued components of the historic environment’.

3.2.4 To summarise, government guidance provides a framework which:

• requires applicants to provide proportionate information on heritage assets affected by the proposals and an assessment of the impact of the proposed development on the significance of the heritage asset; • has a presumption in favour of the conservation of designated heritage assets (which include World Heritage Sites, Scheduled monuments, Listed Building, Protected Wreck Sites, Registered parks and Gardens, Registered Battlefields or Conservation Areas); • protects the setting of such designated heritage assets; • takes into account the desirability of sustaining and enhancing the significance of heritage assets; and • provides for the recording of assets and for publication of the resulting evidence where the loss of whole or part of a heritage asset’s significance is justified.

3.3 Local Plans 3.3.1 The Broxtowe Local Plan provides policies which govern and control development across the Borough, including planning policies and guidance relating to both designated and undesignated heritage assets (available digitally at http://www.broxtowe.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=1348&p=0 ).

Broxtowe Local Plan POLICY NO. TITLE POLICY TEXT Policy E22 Other Sites of Where proposals are submitted for development on Archaeological Interest sites identified as being of archaeological or historical importance, other than Scheduled Ancient Monuments, the Council will where appropriate:

a) Request that an archaeological evaluation be submitted prior to determining the application; and

b) Refuse permission for development which would detrimentally affect nationally important archaeological sites and their setting; and

c) Where development is acceptable, impose conditions to achieve partial preservation in situ and/or secure appropriate treatment for archaeological remains including their recording and excavation.

Policy E6 Setting of Listed Buildings Planning permission will not be granted for development which would adversely affect the setting of a listed building in terms of the scale, form, siting or design of the proposals

4 BASELINE RESOURCE

4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 A consideration of the context of the Study Area is an important element of establishing the potential of cultural heritage resources within the Site. The following section provides a brief synthesis of the archaeological and historical development of the Site and the Study Area, compiled from the sources detailed above. The aim of the synopsis is to establish the known resource within the Site and to provide a context for the identification and understanding of any potential cultural heritage resource which may survive.

4.1.2 A gazetteer of the heritage assets and events referred to in the text is provided in Appendix 1 . Sites are numbered from 1-43 with a WA prefix for ease of reference. An overall illustration showing sites in the gazetteer is provided in Figure 2.

4.2 Statutory and Local Heritage Designations 4.2.1 There are no Scheduled Monuments, Registered Parks and Gardens, Historic Battlefields or Conservation Areas within the Study Area.

4.2.2 There are two Listed Buildings within the Study Area:

• Bennerley Viaduct, Grade II* ( WA14 ) • Infant School and it’s railings, wall and playground, Awsworth, Grade II ( WA31-32 )

4.3 Archaeological and Historical Context Prehistoric and Romano-British 4.3.1 The majority of early prehistoric evidence within Nottinghamshire comes from stray finds and material recovered during fieldwalking. Much evidence has been found within the Trent valley however this does reflect the bias towards archaeological work in that area (Bishop 2006a, 1-2). Later prehistoric remains have been identified in the form of funerary monuments and cropmark enclosures and field systems. No prehistoric sites have been identified within the Site or Study Area.

4.3.2 Aerial reconnaissance has revealed an extensive amount of Romano-British settlement and activity within Nottinghamshire, however, only limited investigations have taken place (Bishop 2006b). As with the prehistoric period no Romano-British evidence has been found within the Site or Study Area.

Saxon and Medieval 4.3.3 In the 6 th century Nottinghamshire was border country and one of the battlegrounds between Northumbria and other kingdoms, particularly Mercia. Although Mercia’s boundaries were relatively fluid the River Trent appeared to form the eastern limits of their territory for much of their history (Kaye 1987, 25)

4.3.4 No evidence dating to the Anglo-Saxon period has been identified within the Site or Study Area; however, settlements in the area are recorded in the Domesday Book, indicating the extent of previous settlement. Placenames containing ‘thorpe’ are suggestive of occupation of areas marginal to existing settlements during this period (Anonymous 2006, 3-4)

4.3.5 Newthorpe was originally founded as a berewick (an outlying member of a larger estate) of Kimberely within the parish of Greasley. It was mentioned in the Domesday Book as a small value, mostly waste, with a wood a mile long. It was granted to William Peverel who then gifted it to Lenton Priory. Awsworth was probably a Saxon settlement; its early name ‘Ealdeswyrthe’ denotes its origin as a farm. During the medieval period both Newthorpe and Awsworth became part of the estate of two important monasteries, Lenton and Beauvale (www.nottshistory.org.uk)

4.3.6 The 10 th -13 th centuries was a time of significant population growth within Nottinghamshire (Bishop 2006c, p1). North and west of the Trent at this time the landscape was largely wooded and thinly populated compared to south Nottinghamshire. Settlement during this period was largely nucleated with villages and towns developing. The coal measures to the west of the county, within which the Site is located, were characterised by large villages with extensive open field systems and small hamlets and farm.

4.3.7 While no physical evidence of the medieval period has been identified within the Site or Study Area there are documentary references to mining in the area as early as the late 14 th century, with six miners recorded working in the area (www.nottshistory.org.uk).

Post-Medieval 4.3.8 Mining operations expanded during the post-medieval period, with examples scattered around the Study Area ( WA3-4, 6-9). Several possible bell pits were identified from aerial photographs in the field west of White House Farm and south of Park Hill ( WA4 ), 800m south of the Site, with others initially seen as slight mounds, in groups of three to seven ( WA6-9).

4.3.9 A post-medieval glassworks in Awsworth ( WA2 ), 400m southeast of the Site, was identified through documentary sources and earthwork features on the site currently known as ‘Glassworks Yard’. It is thought that glass making was being carried out from at least 1617 but had ceased in the village by 1832.

4.3.10 Other post-medieval remains within the Study Area include Awsworth village (WA10 ). Although it is thought that there was a settlement here during the medieval period all physical remains within the village date to the post- medieval period. St. Peter’s Church ( WA1 ), originally built in 1746, survives within the village, although it has considerable later alterations.

4.3.11 The Erewash Canal (WA11 ) was opened in 1779, linking the River Trent, with the River Erewash at Long Eaton. After a period of profitability the canal began to decline in the mid-19 th century, particularly after the establishment of the Erewash Valley Railway.

19 th -Century and Modern 4.3.12 The majority of the heritage assets within the Study Area date to the 19 th century to modern period. Infrastructural developments during the 19 th century included the development of the canal system throughout the country. Nottingham canal and a number of associated cuts and structures (Greasley cut WA15 , Awsworth bridge WA16 ) run through the Study Area. The Greasley cut, built in 1800, was built to serve the Duke of Rutland’s collieries in Greasley, 2km north of the Study Area, and left the main line canal just north of Awsworth. The use of the canal system began to decline considerable by the middle of the 19 th century with the establishment of the rail network ( WA12-14 ) and a number of associated structures, such as railway sidings and bridges, are listed as heritage assets in the NHER (WA17-19, 21, 25, 30-32 ). The canal closed to commercial traffic in 1952. Following the foundation of the Erewash Canal Preservation and Development Association the canal was opened to pleasure craft.

4.3.13 The Bennerley Viaduct ( WA14 ; Listed Building Grade II*), located 600m southwest of the Site, is a railway viaduct constructed in 1887-8. It crosses the Erewash valley on sixteen spans for 484 yards and is carried on piers 56ft high.

4.3.14 Industrial developments during the 19 th century have left their mark on the landscape with a number of features associated with coal mining and related industries still identifiable. Awsworth Colliery ( WA20 ), 800m south of the Site, was established in 1880 and was in operation until the 1930s. It had three blast furnaces and survives today as a large chimney, building foundations and an extensive area of spoil and slag. An ironworks ( WA27 ) was also in existence here at this time. A second colliery is known from Awsworth ( WA28 ) and was abandoned at the end of the 19 th century,

however, ilicit coal working is thought to have taken place here after this date. Other collieries operated within the Study Area during the 19 th century, including Digby Colliery ( WA23 ) and Lodge Colliery ( WA24 ) 500m north of the Site, neither of which survives today.

4.3.15 A chemical works ( WA22 ) was also established north of Awsworth during the 19 th century, however, no physical remains of the site survive today. Quarrying throughout the Study Area has been identified through historic mapping (WA36, 38-39, 41 ).

4.3.16 No enclosure or tithe maps were available for the Site or Study Area. Historic Ordnance Survey (OS) mapping was consulted during the assessment and shows the Site as enclosed, drained farmland associated with Newthorpe Farm in 1881 ( Figure 3 ). Coal and clay pits are located southwest of the Site with Newthorpe Farm located within the boundary of the existing WTW. By 1900 (not reproduced) no changes have occurred on Site, however a plantation (Bennerley Plantation) has been established southeast of the Site, in the area previously occupied by the coal and clay pits. A former STW is shown on the 1921 map ( Figure 3 ) to the west of the Site. The existing STW first appears on OS maps in 1977 ( Figure 3 ), at this time the Site is still a greenfield site with a field boundary towards the southern end running northeast-southwest.

4.4 Site visit 4.4.1 A site visit was undertaken on November 9 th 2011. Conditions were overcast and drizzly. The Site ( Plate 1-2) is located directly south of the existing Newthorpe Sewage Treatment Works (Front Cover ). It is a greenfield area which is currently used for pasture.

4.4.2 Access was gained via a gate at the southwest corner of the existing STW. An area of disturbance was observed at the southern end of the Site ( Plate 1) and is likely to be of modern date. The Site is flat with occasional slight dips in topography. A drain ( Back Cover ) was observed towards the southern end of the Site, running northeast-southwest.

5 DISCUSSION

5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 In line with PPS5 Policy HE 6.1 a description of the significance of known and potential heritage assets, based on the current level of available information, is presented below. For the purposes of this assessment the significance of heritage assets are evaluated in line with criteria laid out in Appendix 2. Significance is expressed as International , National , Regional , Local, or Negligible .

5.2 Designated Heritage Assets 5.2.1 There are no Scheduled Monuments, Conservation Areas, Registered Parks and Gardens or Registered Battlefields within the Study Area.

5.2.2 There are two Listed Buildings within the Study Area:

• Bennerley Viaduct, Grade II* ( WA14 ) • Infant School and it’s railings, wall and playground, Awesworth, Grade II ( WA31-32 )

5.2.3 The proposed development will not impact upon any designated heritage assets.

5.3 Undesignated and Potential Heritage Assets 5.3.1 In addition to the designated assets the Site also contains undesignated assets and has a potential to contain as yet unknown heritage assets in the form of archaeological remains relating to pre-20 th century land uses. Analysis of existing knowledge provides an indication of the potential risk of encountering unknown heritage assets within the Site. This potential is expressed in the following table either as High , Moderate , Low or Negligible .

Potential Period and Description Significance The Site appears to have been used for agricultural purposes since at least the post- medieval period therefore evidence of post medieval or earlier agricultural practices may be Post-Medieval - Local High encountered particularly field boundaries and/or modern drains. Any evidence uncovered would be of value to local research objectives.

The surrounding landscape is known to have been occupied during the medieval period and was most likely used for agricultural purposes. Medium Medieval Evidence of agricultural activity may be Local encountered. Any evidence uncovered would be of value to local research objectives. No physical evidence has been recovered dating to this period Anglo-Saxon Any evidence uncovered would be of value to Regional regional research objectives.

Low No prehistoric or Roman evidence has been located within the Study Area Prehistoric/Roman Regional Any evidence uncovered would be of value to regional research objectives.

5.4 Potential Impact on Heritage Assets 5.4.1 Impacts to known and potential heritage assets within the Site will result from:

• Groundworks associated with the stripping of topsoil within the Site • Groundworks associated with the excavation of foundations for the new installations

6 CONCLUSIONS

6.1 Statement of Significance and Impact 6.1.1 Archaeological investigations within and around the Study Area have recorded archaeological sites, deposits and find spots dating from the post- medieval to modern periods.

6.1.2 No Prehistoric or Romano-British sites have been identified within the Study Area therefore there is a low potential for encountering Prehistoric or Roman remains during the works. Any remains which may be encountered would be considered to be of Regional significance.

6.1.3 There is no physical evidence for the Anglo-Saxon and medieval occupation and land use within the Study Area. It is likely that farming was the main occupation within the Study Area at this time. There is a low potential for encountering Anglo-Saxon remains and a medium potential to encounter medieval remains relating to agricultural activities during the works. Any remains which may be encountered would be considered to be of Regional - Local significance.

6.1.4 Post-medieval – modern remains within the Study Area largely relate to the industrial and infrastructural development of the area. There is medium potential for encountering remains dating to this period, particularly field boundaries and drains, and any remains which may be encountered would be considered to be of Local significance.

6.2 Recommendations 6.2.1 It is considered that, in accordance with regional and national planning policy, further archaeological work will be required. The nature of any additional archaeological work will be determined by Nottinghamshire County Council; however, it is likely to comprise an archaeological watching brief.

6.2.2 The scope and nature of any further work should be agreed with the council, and undertaken in line with an agreed Written Scheme of Investigation, produced in advance of any Site works.

7 REFERENCES

Anonymous. 2006, Anglo-Saxon Nottinghamshire [Pdf]. Available through http://www.le.ac.uk/ulas/publications/eastmidsfw.html [accessed 07/11/11]

Bishop, M. 2006a, An Archaeological Resource Assessment of the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic in Nottinghamshire [Pdf]. Available through http://www.le.ac.uk/ulas/publications/eastmidsfw.html [accessed 07/11/11]

Bishop, M. 2006b, An Archaeological Resource Assessment of the 1 st Millennium BC in Nottinghamshire [Pdf]. Available through http://www.le.ac.uk/ulas/publications/eastmidsfw.html [accessed 07/11/11]

Bishop, M. 2006c, An Archaeological Resource Assessment of Roman Nottinghamshire [Pdf]. Available through http://www.le.ac.uk/ulas/publications/eastmidsfw.html [accessed 07/11/11]

DCLG (Department for Communities and Local Government). 2010. Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment. HMSO.

Institute for Archaeologists 1994. Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment (revised September 2001 and October 2008).

Kaye, D. 1987, A History of Nottinghamshire, Phillimore, Chichester.

Cartographic Sources Consulted Geological Survey of England and Wales, Sheet 125 – Derby Ordnance Survey Map, 1:2,500, 1881 Ordnance Survey Map, 1:10,560, 1885 Ordnance Survey Map, 1: 2,500, 1900 Ordnance Survey Map, 1:10,560, 1901 Ordnance Survey Map, 1: 2,500, 1915 Ordnance Survey Map, 1:10,560, 1921 Ordnance Survey Map, 1: 2,500, 1938 Ordnance Survey Map, 1:10,000, 1977-82

Websites Consulted http://www.old-maps.co.uk accessed 07/11/11

http://www.nottshistory.org.uk accessed 07/11/11

APPENDIX 1: GAZETTEER OF HERITAGE ASSETS AND EVENTS

WA No HER No Type Description Period Easting Northing Designation

Post 1 M938 Church St Peter's Church, Awsworth medieval 448230 344110 Post 2 M2297 Glassworks Glass works, Glasshouse Yard, Awsworth medieval 447980 344370 Post 3 M2298 coal mine Coal mine in Awsworth parish medieval 448340 344210 Post 4 M18308 coal mine Coal mining at Awsworth medieval 447700 343900 Post 5 M18344 Canal basin Canal basin at Park Hill, Awsworth medieval 447670 344140 Post 6 L7110 Bell pit Possible mining remains, Greasley medieval 446900 345200 Post 7 L7111 Earthwork Possible mining remains, Greasley medieval 447600 345200 Post 8 L7112 Mine shaft Possible mining remains, Greasley medieval 448200 345000 Post 9 L7140 Bell pit Possible mining remains, Greasley medieval 447200 344400 Post 10 Village Awsworth medieval 447563 344688 11 99008 Canal Erewash Canal Post

Newthorpe STW, Nottinghamshire Desk Based Assessment

medieval 19th- 12 99058 Railway Erewash Valley line railway Modern 19th- 13 99013 Railway Great Northern Railway dismantled Modern 19th- 14 M916 Railway Railway station, Awsworth Modern 447900 344200 19th- 15 M2292 Canal Greasley Cut - Nottingham Canal Modern 448200 344750 19th- 16 M2293 Canal bridge Awsworth Bridge, Nottingham Canal Modern 447600 344120 Listed 19th- building 17 M2295 Railway viaduct Bennerley Viaduct Modern 447230 343820 Grade II* 19th- 18 M2307 Railway viaduct Awsworth Viaduct Modern 448400 344760 19th- 19 M2308 Railway Railway, Awsworth to Strelley Modern 448480 344420 19th- 20 M2335 Colliery Colliery at Awsworth Works Modern 447200 344000 19th- 21 M2340 Railway siding Bennerley Sidings Modern 447200 344200 19th- 22 M2363 Chemical works Giltbrook Chemical Works, Awsworth Modern 448310 344730 19th- 23 M2364 Colliery Digby Colliery, Kimberley Modern 448500 344950

Newthorpe STW, Nottinghamshire Desk Based Assessment

19th- 24 M2404 Colliery Lodge Colliery, Greasley Modern 447400 345300 19th- 25 M2406 Railway siding Digby Sidings, Greasley Modern 447950 345150 Second Pit Pony Stable for Cossall 19th- 26 M8864 Stable Colliery Modern 447600 344100 19th- 27 M8878 Foundry Ironworks at Awsworth Works Modern 447200 344000 19th- 28 M18343 Colliery Awsworth Colliery at Awsworth Modern 447880 344360 Bridge over the Nottingham Canal at 19th- 29 M18345 Canal Bridge Awsworth Modern 447930 344430 Mineral railway bridges over the 19th- 30 M18346 Railway bridge Nottingham Canal at Awsworth Modern 447952 344435 Timber railway bridge over the 19th- 31 M18347 Railway bridge Nottingham Canal at Awsworth Modern 447580 344060 Railway embankment and bridge, Park 19th- 32 M18348 Railway bridge Hill, Awsworth Modern 447680 344100 Timber piles from site of bridge, 19th- 33 L11754 Stake Awsworth Modern 447580 344060 Listed 19th- building 34 School Infant School Modern 447563 344688 Grade II Listed Wall, railings and playground around 19th- building 35 Wall and railing school Modern 447563 344688 Grade II 36 M2341 Quarry Quarries in Awsworth parish Undated 447700 343770

Newthorpe STW, Nottinghamshire Desk Based Assessment

37 M2359 Well Well in Awsworth parish Undated 447880 344770 38 M2361 Quarry Quarry in Awsworth parish Undated 447530 344490 39 M2362 Quarry Quarry in Awsworth parish Undated 447750 344540 40 M2403 Well Well in Greasley parish Undated 446960 345400 41 M2405 Quarry Quarry in Greasley parish Undated 447770 345050 Building platforms and bank at 42 L11744 Bank Awsworth Undated 448150 344420 43 The Woodlands Undated 447563 344688 Locally listed

Newthorpe STW, Nottinghamshire Desk Based Assessment

APPENDIX 2: TABLES

Table 2 – Summary of Factors for Determining Significance of Heritage Assets

SIGNIFICANCE FACTORS DETERMINING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HERITAGE ASSETS • World Heritage Sites; and International • Assets of recognised international importance. • Assets that contribute to international research objectives. • Scheduled Ancient Monuments; • Grade I and Grade II* Listed Buildings; National • Designated historic landscapes of outstanding interest; • Undesignated assets of the quality and importance to be designated; and • Assets that contribute to national research objectives. • Grade II Listed Building • Designated special historic landscapes and undesignated assets that justify Regional designation; and • Assets that contribute significantly to regional research objectives. • Locally Listed buildings; • Assets compromised by poor preservation and/or poor contextual Local associations; • Assets with importance to local interest groups; and • Assets that contribute to local research objectives. Negligible • Assets with little or no archaeological/historical interest. • The importance of the asset has not been ascertained from available Unknown evidence.

Site location Development area Existing works Date: November 2011 Revision Number: 1.0 Wessex Scale: Main graphic - 1:12,500 @ A4 Illustrator: CB Archaeology 5HSURGXFHGIURPWKH2UGQDQFH6XUYH\6WUHHWYLHZ'LVWULFW5DVWHUPDSZLWKWKHSHUPLVVLRQRIWKHFRQWUROOHURI+HU0DMHVW\ V6WDWLRQHU\2IILFH &URZQFRS\ULJKW:HVVH[$UFKDHRORJ\3RUWZD\+RXVH2OG6DUXP3DUN6DOLVEXU\:LOWVKLUH63(%/LFHQFH1XPEHU 7KLVPDWHULDOLVIRUFOLHQWUHSRUWRQO\:HVVH[$UFKDHRORJ\1RXQDXWKRULVHGUHSURGXFWLRQ Path: Y:\Projects\79870 Newthorpe\Drawing Office\Report Figs\DBA

Site location Figure 1 40

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Post-Medieval Post-Medieval Listed Building Post-Medieval Feature

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Undated 447000 448000

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Wessex Scale: 1:12,500 @ A4 Illustrator: CB Archaeology Path: Y:\Projects\79870 Newthorpe\Drawing Office\Report Figs\DBA

Heritage Assets Figure 2 1881 Ordnance Survey map 1921 Ordnance Survey map 1977-82 Ordnance Survey map

Date: November 2011 Revision Number: 1.0 Development area Wessex Scale: n/a Illustrator: CB Archaeology Reproduced with the permission of the controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office &URZQFRS\ULJKW:HVVH[$UFKDHRORJ\3RUWZD\+RXVH2OG6DUXP3DUN6DOLVEXU\:LOWVKLUH63(%/LFHQFH1XPEHU 7KLVPDWHULDOLVIRUFOLHQWUHSRUWRQO\:HVVH[$UFKDHRORJ\1RXQDXWKRULVHGUHSURGXFWLRQ Path: Y:\Projects\79870 Newthorpe\Drawing Office\Report Figs\DBA

Historic mapping Figure 3 Plate 1: The Site, view from south with area of disturbance

Plate 2: The Site, view from south-west showing drain

Date:November 2011 Revision Number: 1.0

Wessex Scale: N/AIllustrator: CB Archaeology Path: Y:\Projects\79870 Newthorpe\Drawing Office\Report Figs\DBA WESSEX ARCHAEOLOGY LIMITED. Registered Head Office: Portway House, Old Sarum Park, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 6EB. Tel: 01722 326867 Fax: 01722 337562 [email protected] Regional offices inEdinburgh , Rochester and Sheffield For more information visit www.wessexarch.co.uk

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