DOCSLIB.ORG

Proquest Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Proquest Dissertations Raising Fathers, Raising Boys: Informal Education and Enculturation in Britain, 1880-1914 Stephanie Olsen Department of History McGill University, Montreal September 2008 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy © Stephanie Inge Desiree Olsen, 2008 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington OttawaONK1A0N4 OttawaONK1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-53286-7 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-53286-7 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privee, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont ete enleves de thesis. cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. 1*1 Canada Abstract Raising Fathers, Raising Boys: Informal Education and Enculturation in Britain, 1880- 1914 is primarily focused on popular preoccupations surrounding masculinity (manliness), boyhood, adolescence, and fatherhood, in the context of widespread concerns about national efficiency, public vice, and private morals at the fin de siecle. This thesis reveals the growing consensus amongst the publishers of juvenile literature that children (especially boys) of all areas and social backgrounds were being failed by the various institutions of formal education (be they the elite public schools or the new schools springing up since the Education Act of 1870), and that certain moral imperatives were being inadequately met by the nation's parents. Stressing the continuity of religious influence in the everyday experience of children throughout the late-Victorian and Edwardian period (and thereby challenging the secularization thesis put forward by some scholars), this study charts the agreement established between disparate groups on the importance of disseminating Christian values for the task of raising the nation's boys into manly, domesticated men and good fathers. This emphasis on family life is crucial, since it broadens the current historiographical focus on the imperial connotations of elite education and the supposed middle-class "flight from domesticity." By showing that masculinity was not only about patriarchal or imperial outlooks, the work explicates the meaning of fatherhood in the period, stressing the continuing importance and validation of men as fathers and of the boy "as father to the man." The major sources for the thesis arise out of a variety of religious organizations that focused on the temperate and manly upbringing of boys, from the Religious Tract Society, to the Church of England Temperance Society, and the Band of Hope. The thesis also establishes ideological i similarities between these groups and for-profit publishers such as the Amalgamated Press. These groups strategized to ensure the informal character training of boys was carried out. The principal method of informal education for these groups was, however, the cheap periodical paper, and it is in the pages of these that the thesis makes its most wide-reaching explorations. 11 Resume Raising Fathers, Raising Boys: Informal Education and Enculturation in Britain, 1880- 1914 est une etude des preoccupations populaires vis-a-vis la masculinite [manliness], de l'enfance et 1'adolescence masculines et de la paternite, situes dansun contexte contemporain caracterise par une inquietude regnante face a l'efficacite nationale, le vice public et la moralite privee. Cette these demontre l'existence d'un consensus de plus en plus marque parmi les editeurs de la litterature populaire pour les enfants, (particulierement pour gar9ons) sur le fait que l'education formelle que recevaient leurs jeunes lecteurs (que ce soit dans des ecoles elite, ou, apres la loi de 1870, dans les nouvelles institutions d'education de masse) leur faisait defaut, et, de plus, que les parents de la nation etaient inaptes a leur transmettre certains imperatifs moraux, et ce, peu importe leurs origines geographiques ou sociales. En insistant sur la continuite de 1'influence religieuse dans la vie quotidienne des enfants de l'epoque (contestant done la these de secularisation defendue par plusieurs historiens), cette these met en evidence la mise en accord de groupes heteroclites sur l'importance d'une dissemination des valeurs chretiennes au sein d'une education visant a creer des hommes a la fois domestiques et veritablement males, et de bons peres. L'accent mis ici sur la vie familiale est crucial, car il permet d'elargir les courants historiographiques focalisant sur les implications imperialistes de l'education des elites et la tendance des classes moyennes a « fuire la sphere domestique » qu'on a appele « flight from domesticity ». En montrant que les valeurs de masculinite ne s'appliquaient pas seulement au patriarcat ou a l'empire, ce travail permet de mieux comprendre ce que signifiait la paternite a l'epoque, insistant sur l'importance et la mise en valeur soutenues des hommes en tant que peres, et sur le iii concept du garcon « comme pere de l'homme ». Les principales sources archivistiques utilisees proviennent de groupes religieux, tels que la Religious Tract Society, la Church of England Temperance Society et la Band of Hope, dont un des buts etait d'eduquer les garcons selon les valeurs de la masculinite et de la sobriete. Une telle ideologic etait aussi partageepar certaines maisons d'edition a but lucratif, dont VAmalgamated Press. Ces groupes avaient comme objectif commun la formation du caractere des garcons, dont la strategic principale etait une education informelle par le biais de publications periodiques populaires, dont les pages sont le terrain principal d'une exploration analytique de grande envergure presentee dans cette these. IV Acknowledgements During the course of this dissertation, I have accrued many debts. My supervisors, Elizabeth Elbourne and Brian Lewis and Michele Cohen (Richmond, the American International University), have given me superb direction, both in the writing of this thesis and as mentors. Many thanks to Joy Dixon (University of British Columbia), whose guidance and advice were invaluable throughout my M.A. work and since and Ian Gentles (Glendon College, York University) who provided me with my first wonderful experiences in British history courses. I am grateful to my defence committee, Carman Miller, Kevin McDonough, Jarrett Rudy, and the external examiner, Stephen Heathorn, for providing me with excellent comments with which to continue this project. I was fortunate to receive a Canadian Graduate Scholarship, bourse de la foundation Ricard and support from McGill University during my doctoral program. I also received travel grants from McGill (SSHRC) and the Department of History, ' allowing me to present my work at conferences in Cambridge and Auckland. I am thankful to the Friends of the Princeton University Library Research Grant Program, which made it possible for me to conduct research at Princeton's Cotsen Children's Library. Lastly, I am grateful to the SSHRC postdoctoral fellowship program for giving me the opportunity further to pursue my research. Many thanks to the helpful staff at the British Library, SOAS, York Minster Library, Lambeth Palace Library, the Bodleian Library, the West Yorkshire Archive Service at Bradford and Leeds, the National Archives of Canada, the Osborne Collection, Fischer Rare Books at the University of Toronto and of course the McGill libraries, and especially Judith Crowe at the Institute of Alcohol Studies (London) who could not have v been more helpful. At McGill I must also thank Colleen Parish, Celine Coutinho, Karen Connors, Sylvia Crawford and Jody Anderson for their help and support over the years. Thank you to Michele Cohen, Harriet Atkinson and Valerian Freyberg and Michele Haapamaki for providing me with much needed accommodation and companionship in London. Thank you also to my friends who shared sympathetically the long, sometimes frustrating, road of the Ph.D. student with me: Harriet Atkinson, Justin Bengry, Dan Rueck, Cheryl Smeall, David Maren,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Zn the Nineteenth Century
    INTERNATIONAL LIBRARY OF SOCIOLOGY British AND SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTION Founded by Karl Mannhelm Social Work Editor W. J. H. Sprott zn the Nineteenth Century by A. F. Young and E. T. Ashton BC B 20623 73 9177 A catalogue of books available In the IN'rERNATIONAL LlDRARY OF ROUTLEDGE & KEGAN PAUL LTD SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTION and new books m Broadway House, 68-74 Carter Lane preparation for the Library will be found at the end of this volume London, E.C.4 UIA-BIBLIOTHEEK 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 11 """ ------------------------ Text continues after this page ------------------------ This publication is made available in the context of the history of social work project. See www.historyofsocialwork.org It is our aim to respect authors’ and publishers’ copyright. Should you feel we violated those, please do get in touch with us. Deze publicatie wordt beschikbaar gesteld in het kader van de canon sociaal werk. Zie www.canonsociaalwerk.eu Het is onze wens de rechten van auteurs en uitgevers te respecten. Mocht je denken dat we daarin iets fout doen, gelieve ons dan te contacteren. ------------------------ Tekst gaat verder na deze pagina ------------------------ r-= ! First published in 1956 I by Routledge and Kegan Paul Lld Broadway House, 68-74 Carter Lane London, E.C.4 Second impresszon 1963 I Third impression 1967 Printed in Great Britatn by CONTENTS Butler and Tanner Ltd Acknowledgments vu Frome and London I Introduction page I I . PART ONE I ' IDEAS WHICH INFLUENCED THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL WORK L I Influence of social and economic thought 7 I ConditWns-2 EcoROImc and Political Theories 2 Religious thought in the nineteenth century 28 I The Church if Engtar.d-2 The Tractarians-g Tilt Chris- tian Socialists-4 The JYonconformists-5 The Methodists- 6 The Unitarians-7 The Q.uakers-8 Conclusion 3 Influence of poor law prinClples and practice 43 I TIre problems and principles of poor law administration- 2 Criticisms by Social Workers and thezr results PART TWO MAIN BRANCHES OF SOCIAL WORK 4 Family case work-I.
    [Show full text]
  • Honour's Role in the International States' System
    Denver Journal of International Law & Policy Volume 31 Number 2 Winter Article 2 April 2020 Honour's Role in the International States' System Allen Z. Hertz Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/djilp Recommended Citation Allen Z. Hertz, Honour's Role in the International States' System, 31 Denv. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 113 (2002). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Denver Journal of International Law & Policy by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. HONOUR'S ROLE IN THE INTERNATIONAL STATES' SYSTEM* ALLEN Z. HERTZ* INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY Studying the First World War's origins, James Joll (1918-1994), Professor of International History at the University of London, offered this insight: "In the late 20th century we perhaps find it easier to conceive of foreign policy as being motivated by domestic preoccupations and by economic interests than by... considerations of prestige and glory. It does not necessarily follow that the men of 1914 thought in the same way as we do."' To recapture that age which ended during the First World War, this essay analyzes the meaning of "honour" as a staple of European political philosophy. The significance of the "word of honour" is then located in the context of European courtly society, where a king's honour is explored in relation to that of his country and in the "international of kings" that was the European States' system until 1917-18.
    [Show full text]
  • Businessmen in the British Parliament, 1832-1886
    Businessmen in the British Parliament, 1832-1886 A Study of Aspiration and Achievement Michael Davey A thesis submitted for the Degree of Master of Arts in the School of History and Politics University of Adelaide February, 2012 Contents Abstract i Declaration ii Acknowledgements iii Introduction 1 1. Getting There 17 2. Surviving 40 3. Doing 60 4. Legacies 94 Conclusion 109 Bibliography 116 Abstract The businessmen who were elected to the British Parliament after the First Reform Act had not acquired country estates or rotten boroughs as had their predecessors. They were critical of the established aristocratic dominance and they had policies they wanted to promote. Few succeeded in exerting any real influence due to the entrenched power of the landed gentry, their older age when elected and their lack of public experience. This thesis identifies six businessmen who were important contributors to national politics and were thus exceptions to the more usual parliamentary subordination to the gentry. They were generally younger when elected, they had experience in municipal government and with national agitation groups; they were intelligent and hard working. Unlike some other businessmen who unashamedly promoted sectional interests, these men saw their business activities as only incidental to their parliamentary careers. Having been in business did however provide them with some understanding of the aims of the urban working class, and it also gave them the financial backing to enter politics. The social backgrounds and political imperatives of this group of influential businessmen and how these affected their actions are discussed in this thesis. Their successes and failures are analysed and it is argued that their positions on policy issues can be attributed to their strong beliefs rather than their business background.
    [Show full text]
  • Making Women Magistrates: Feminism
    1660 ý &\C--, ct. -If MAKING WOMEN MAGISTRATES: FEMINISM, CITIZENSHIP AND JUSTICE IN ENGLAND AND WALES 1918 -1950 ANNE FRANCES HELENJLOGAN A thesissubmitted in partial fulfilment of the requirementsof the Universityof Greenwichfor the Degreeof Doctor of Philosophy It ýQ Jyý rý LOC J. '6w W. - March2002 ABSTRACT This thesis addressesthe subject of women magistratesin England and Wales from their introduction in 1919 and the work subsequentlyperformed by the early women JPs until the late 1940s. Surprisingly, despitethe great volume of work on women's history during the last few decades,historians have not researchedthis subject in detail. While only a handful of women have becomeprofessional judges in this country, many thousandshave sat in judgement on their fellow citizens as lay justices. This duty is both voluntary and unpaid but it is, along with jury service, a vitally important aspectof citizenship. It is arguedherein that this exerciseof citizenship through the magistracy was an ongoing concern of feminists and of women's organisationsin the period. Not only did the magistracychange women by making them equal citizens, but also women changedthe magistracy,by pioneering modern ideas in the work of the JP and presaginga new, quasi-professionalapproach. Part One examines the process by which women were brought into the lay magistracy. Chapter One locates the origins of the campaign for the appointment of women as JPs in the women's suffrage movement and demonstrates that the necessary legislation was largely uncontroversial. Chapter Two analyses the ongoing campaign by women's organisations and their allies to bring more women to the magisterial bench. Chapter Three explores the relationship between the emergence of a separate system of criminal justice for juveniles and the creation of women magistrates.
    [Show full text]
  • GIPE-PUNE-0630 14 ME Mol'l\'S:O F DR
    DhananJayarao Gadgll Library Ion~ 1111111111 mil mm 1~1I1~1 HI GIPE-PUNE-0630 14 ME MOl'l\'S:O F DR. BARNARPO: '., _.,--- I Ill: L \'-,T ['OR 1 K \1 r or 1)[< B \[C'AKi>{J MEMOIRS OF THK LATE DR. BARNARDO , ""BY '-' MRS. BARNARDO AND JAMES MARCHANT SECRETARY OF THE NATIONAL MEMORIAL TO DR. BARNARDO With an Introduction by ~ ROBERTSON NICOLL HODDER AND STOUGHTON. , LONDON: MCMVII .J I"J() '/ II .l~ , -' __ Edinbnrlb... 1. &II<S .L CoAT....... Priat.en .. HI' "a~t' THESE MEMOIRS ARE DEDICATED TO THE TRUSTEES THE PRESIDENTS ANti VICE-PRESIDENTS TO THE MEMBERS OF DR. BARNARDO'S U>UNCIL TO THE DEVOTED MEMBERS OF HIS STAFF AND TO IDS ~REN -THE THOUSANDS OF HIS ADOPTED CHILDREN IN EVERY CLIME PREFACE NEARLY twenty years ago Dr. Barnardo wrote:- ~ 'I wonder will the connected history of this work for God ever be written! I am afraid not. It would almost be too large an effort for anyone to attempt, for it would involve, amopg other tasks, the perusal of an immense correspondence received during the past twenty-one years from loving Christian friends of my w8.ifs from all over the wide world. Sometimes i have thought that I would myself essay to record, in a connected narrative, my experience of God's guidance and goodness during the past quarter of a. century. But time, wllich, like the flowing tide, waits for no man, fails me.' This volume is an ~ttempt to 'write that connected narrative. Whenever it is possible, Dr. Barnardo is allowed to speak for himself.
    [Show full text]
  • Britain's Future Strength, the Health of Elementary School.Children, 1867-1907: a Study in Social Policy, Legislative Action and Government Growth
    BRITAIN'S FUTURE STRENGTH, THE HEALTH OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL.CHILDREN, 1867-1907: A STUDY IN SOCIAL POLICY, LEGISLATIVE ACTION AND GOVERNMENT GROWTH by ANTHONY STUART FARSON B.A., University of Guelph A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA May, 1976 CY ANTHONY STUART FARSON In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of History The University of British Columbia 2075 Wesbrook Place Vancouver, Canada V6T 1W5 ABSTRACT The major objective of this thesis is to throw new light on the problem of "how" and "why" the function of the State within society changed dramatically during the first few years of the twentieth century By concentrating on the Liberal Government's measures of 1906 to 1907 to improve the health of working-class children this thesis hopes to show that the role of men and their beliefs played a far more important part in the development of the "British Welfare State" than has hitherto been credited. By illustrating how the social, political, and economic condi tions of the period 1870 to 1900 affected the consciousness of individ• uals and groups, it attempts to explain why there was a delay between the time when the extent of poverty became intolerable and the time when measures were enacted to relieve the problem.
    [Show full text]
  • Race, Democracy and the American Civil War in the County of Yorkshire
    Durham E-Theses Race, Democracy and the American Civil War in the County of Yorkshire BENNETT, MARK,NEIL How to cite: BENNETT, MARK,NEIL (2018) Race, Democracy and the American Civil War in the County of Yorkshire, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12846/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Mark Neil Bennett Race, Democracy and the American Civil War in the County of Yorkshire A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy History Department, Durham University 2018 The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without the author’s prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. Mark Bennett – Race, Democracy and the American Civil War in the County of Yorkshire Between the shelling of Fort Sumter and the fall of Richmond, the British public followed closely the course of the Civil War in the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Woman Suffrage Would Undermine the Stable Foundation on Which Democratic Government Is Based”: British Democratic Antisuffragists, 1904–1914
    137 praktyka teoretyczna 1(39)/2021 HUGO} BONIN (ORCID: 0000-0002-9029-5564) “Woman Suffrage Would Undermine the Stable Foundation on Which Democratic Government is Based”: British Democratic Antisuffragists, 1904–1914 From 1904 to 1914, the British debate on women’s suffrage was at its height. Suffragism has been the subject of nume- rous studies, however, few have paid attention to its oppo- nent, “antisuffragism”. This article focuses on antisuffragists’ speeches, pamphlets and books to examine their uses of “democracy” and grasp the conceptual struggles at play. Most “Antis” painted women’s suffrage as a step towards a degene- rate democratic society. However, more surprisingly, some also mobilised the democratic vocabulary positively, as a reason to disallow women the vote. Several authors conside- red that “democracy” rested on the capacity of the majority to impose its decisions through physical force–thus rendering a government elected by women impotent. Politicians also opposed granting women suffrage on a censorial basis since it went against the “democratic spirit of the time”. These findings demonstrate the increased importance of “demo- cracy” in Britain and how a “conservative subversion” of the concept was attempted. Keywords: antisuffragism, Britain, conceptual history, democracy, suffrage “Woman Suffrage Would Undermine the Stable Foundation...” praktyka teoretyczna 1(39)/2021 138 Introduction For most of the nineteenth and early twentieth century, “democracy” was a highly controversial concept in British politics, and in Europe in general (Innes and Philp 2013, chaps 7–9; Saunders 2013a; Kurunmäki, Nevers and Velde 2018). Members of Parliament (MPs) and the politi- cal elite were anxious to distinguish the British parliamentary model from unstable democratic rule (Bonin 2020).
    [Show full text]
  • Hymn and History
    Hymn and History A series of evening services led by Tony Bryer at Twickenham United Reformed Church (Greater London, UK) which traced the history of the church through 2,000 years, each including hymns of the period being looked at. Most of the information on hymns authors, and composers comes from the Companion to Rejoice and Sing and wikipedia.com. The hymn numbers relate to Rejoice and Sing, published by the Oxford University Press for the United Reformed Church, UK. ISBN 978 0191469220. The dates are those of the original services at Twickenham. Please feel free to use this outline as you wish - I claim no copyright since the bulk of the content is not original. Part 1: The Early Church (12.9.04) A whistle-stop trip through the Acts of the Apostles: Pentecost, persecution, mission Nero institutes 250 years of Roman persecution: Consequently, to get rid of the report, [that he was responsible for the AD64 Great Fire of Rome] Nero fastened the guilt and inflicted the most exquisite tortures on a class hated for their abominations, called Christians by the populace. Christus, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilatus, and a most mischievous superstition, thus checked for the moment, again broke out not only in Judaea, the first source of the evil, but even in Rome, where all things hideous and shameful from every part of the world find their centre and become popular. Accordingly, an arrest was first made of all who pleaded guilty; then, upon their information, an immense multitude was convicted, not so much of the crime of firing the city, as of hatred against mankind.
    [Show full text]
  • Independence and Deference: a Study of the West Riding Electorate, 1832-1841
    Independence and Deference: A Study of the West Riding Electorate, 1832-1841 Sarah j9ardson Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of PhD The University of Leeds School of History September, 1995 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. Abstract The importance of the Great Reform Act and its positive effect upon the development of popular, participative politics has recently been challenged. This study seeks to rehabilitate the 1832 Act and to examine the consequences of this major piece of franchise reform upon the electorate of the West Riding of Yorkshire. The central focus is the twin themes of independence and deference; the two are not necessarily opposing forces. Both were essential elements in the electoral politics of the region and both had clearly defined and demonstrable boundaries. The region under investigation, the West Riding, portrayed a range of electoral experiences in the early nineteenth century and thus provides an important local case-study which can add a further dimension to perceptions of electoral politics in the nation as a whole. A comparative examination is made of the pre-existing small boroughs of the West Riding; the smaller new boroughs under varying degrees of influence; the large independent boroughs and the county electorate. The thesis concentrates on the voting populations of these constituencies - an analysis of over forty thousand individuals. A separate chapter is devoted to a psephological appraisal of the West Riding electorate which emphasises the voters' heightened motivation, partisanship and participation in the decade after 1832.
    [Show full text]
  • From Sarah Smith to Hesba Stretton
    FROM SARAH SMITH TO HESBA STRETTON: Hidden in Plain Sight A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Special Case Master of Arts in Women’s Studies University of Regina By Cheryl Elaine Toth Regina, Saskatchewan December 2013 Copyright 2013: C.E. Toth UNIVERSITY OF REGINA FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH SUPERVISORY AND EXAMINING COMMITTEE Cheryl Elaine Toth, candidate for the degree of Special Case Master of Arts in Women’s Studies, has presented a thesis titled, From Sarah Smith to Hesba Stretton: Hidden in Plain Sight, in an oral examination held on December 5, 2013. The following committee members have found the thesis acceptable in form and content, and that the candidate demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the subject material. External Examiner: Dr. Valerie Mulholland, Faculty of Education Supervisor: Dr. Darlene Juschka, Department of Women’s & Gender Studies Committee Member: Dr. Robin Ganev, Department of History Committee Member: *Dr. Dorothy Lane, Department of English Chair of Defense: Dr. Yuan Ren, Department of Religious Studies *Not present at defense Abstract Sarah Smith (1832-1911), under the pseudonym of Hesba Stretton, was a popular author of children’s and adult literature in the Victorian era and a founding member of the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. This thesis explores how Sarah created herself as the author Hesba Stretton: choosing a pseudonym and subject areas that both revealed and concealed who she was; using the popularity of her works to negotiate with publishers for a living wage for herself and her sister; and parlaying her authorial fame to argue and organize for reform on social issues important to her.
    [Show full text]
  • Sport and the Victorian City
    Sport and the Victorian City: The development of commercialised spectator sport, Bradford 1836-1908 David Pendleton A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of De Montfort University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2015 Abstract This study is a history of popular spectator sport in the city of Bradford between the years 1836 and 1908. Its major aim is to chart and analyse the experience of Bradford in relation to the national development of sport in the modern city and how spectator sport, in particular, helped shape personal and civic identities in a bourgeoning industrial community. This project builds on a growing body of work on the development of sport and leisure in British towns and cities during the nineteenth century. Furthermore, it will both complement earlier studies on sport in Bradford and West Yorkshire and add to our understanding of how urban sporting and leisure cultures were forged through a combination of national trends and local economic and social peculiarities. The emergence of a national sporting culture ran parallel with an exponential acceleration in urbanisation, the adoption of the factory system, regularised working hours and growth in disposable income. Bradford’s sporting culture, however, was also a product of the city’s shifting social structures, which had been shaped by its unique economy. As a consequence, Bradford also played a significant role in determining the national sporting culture as well as reflecting wider trends. !i Bradford’s move from an essentially pre-industrial sporting landscape towards a recognisably modern one took place over a period of little more than fifty years.
    [Show full text]