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Heritage and Beyond The notion of cultural heritage may be viewed from a number of standpoints.This publication AND HERITAGE BEYOND is concerned less with the science and techniques of conservation than with the meaning of heritage and the contribution it can make to the progress of European society. It is firmly rooted in the principles of the Council of Europe – a political organisation committed to human rights, democracy and cultural diversity – and includes a range of articles that look at heritage in the context of the current challenges we all face. In particular, it shows how the Council of Europe's framework convention can enhance and offer a fresh approach to the value of the cultural heritage for our society. As such, it provides further reasons for states to ratify this convention, which was opened for signature in Faro, Portugal, in 2005, and adopt its dynamic and forward- looking approach. How and why did it seem appropriate at the start of this millenium to draw up a new roadmap for our heritage? How had the concept changed and what does this imply? How could the mes- sage transmitted by the Faro Convention foster the emergence of a new culture of development and greater territorial cohesion, leading to sustainable resource use and the involvement of everyone in the transmission of a heritage from which all of society would benefit? This publication attempts to answer these questions, but also looks in depth at various themes introduced by the Faro Convention, such as the “holistic definition” of heritage, the concept of “heritage communities” and of a “common European heritage”, its different economic and social dimensions and the principle of shared responsibility. It also offers valuable insights into the relationships between the heritage, the knowledge society and the process of digitising cultural assets. www.coe.int The Council of Europe has 47 member states, covering virtually the entire continent of Europe. It seeks to develop common democratic and legal principles based on the European Convention on Human Rights and other reference texts on the protection of HERITAGE ndividuals.i Ever since it was founded in 1949, in the aftermath of the Second World War, Council of Europe Publishing the Council of Europe has symbolised reconciliation. AND BEYOND ISBN 978-92-871-6636-4 http://book.coe.int €23/US$46 Council of Europe Publishing Heritage and beyond Council of Europe Publishing French edition: Le patrimoine et au-delà ISBN 978-92-871-6635-7 The opinions expressed in this work are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily refl ect the offi cial policy of the Council of Europe. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated, reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic (CD-Rom, Internet, etc.) or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior permission in writing from the Public Information and Publications Division, Directorate of Communication (F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex or [email protected]). Cover design: Graphic Design Workshop, Council of Europe Cover photo: Seu Vella (Lleida) by Aida Barceló Michans (12 years old), Catalonia (Spain), IHPE, 2008 Layout: Jouve, Paris Council of Europe Publishing F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex http://book.coe.int ISBN 978-92-871-6636-4 © Council of Europe, December 2009 Printed at the Council of Europe Contents Preface Robert Palmer ..........................................................................................................................7 Benefi ts and innovations of the Council of Europe Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society Daniel Thérond ........................................................................................................................9 The philosophical, political and pragmatic roots of the convention Noel Fojut ................................................................................................................................ 13 Unpacking the convention into challenging actions for member states Jelka Pirkovič ......................................................................................................................... 23 New heritage frontiers Graham Fairclough .............................................................................................................. 29 Views of the Chair of the Faro Convention drafting group Guilherme d’Oliveira Martins ..................................................................................43 The Faro Convention, an original tool for building and managing Europe’s heritage Pascal Liévaux ............................................................................................................... 45 Why do countries ratify conventions? The case of Montenegro Milena Filipovic ..............................................................................................................47 The Regional Programme for Cultural and Natural Heritage in South East Europe – Declaration ............................................................................51 The human right to the cultural heritage – The Faro Convention’s contribution to the recognition and safeguarding of this human right Ugo Mifsud Bonnici ............................................................................................................. 53 On the “right to heritage” – The innovative approach of Articles 1 and 2 of the Faro Convention Patrice Meyer-Bisch .............................................................................................................. 59 Article 4 of the convention Patrice Meyer-Bisch ....................................................................................................... 67 The social and spatial frameworks of heritage – What is new in the Faro Convention? Gabi Dolff-Bonekämper ..................................................................................................... 69 3 Heritage and beyond Europe – A constrained and fragmented space on the edge of the continental landmasses. Crossroad, battlefi eld and melting pot Carsten Paludan-Müller ..................................................................................................... 75 Heritage and dialogue Vladimir Tolstoy .................................................................................................................... 85 Museums, cultural heritage and dialogue in Northern Ireland: strategies for divided societies Dominique Bouchard .......................................................................................................... 91 Heritage conservation as a driving force for development Xavier Greffe .........................................................................................................................101 Economics and the built cultural heritage Donovan Rypkema .............................................................................................................113 The cultural context of sustainability – Heritage and living Graham Fairclough .....................................................................................................125 Creating new assets in the cultural heritage sphere Dag Myklebust ..............................................................................................................129 Can co-operation lastingly stabilise the heritage economy? Prosper Wanner ............................................................................................................133 Heritage, public authorities, societies Jean-Michel Leniaud ........................................................................................................137 Heritage partnerships – Promoting public involvement and understanding Sharon Goddard ................................................................................................................141 “40xVenezia”, an example of a heritage community applying the principles of the Faro Convention Shaul Bassi, Flavio Gregori, Cristina Gregorin and Prosper Wanner (“40xVenezia Movement”) ..........................................................................................149 Place-making and place-shaping Graham Fairclough .....................................................................................................153 Communities of practice around tranquillity, calm and open space in Flanders Piet Jaspaert ...................................................................................................................155 The Faro Convention and the information society Catherine Ledig ...................................................................................................................159 Integration of information technology in the daily practice of the cultural heritage professions – Articles 13, 14 and 17 of the Faro Convention Catherine Ledig ...........................................................................................................169 The MINERVA and MICHAEL networks Giuliana De Francesco...............................................................................................173 4 Contents South-Eastern European Digitization Initiative, SEEDI Zoran Ognjanović, Milena Dobreva, Nikola Ikonomov and Tamara Butigan-Vučaj .....................................................................................179 Pan-European co-operation: HEREIN, the Council of Europe information system on cultural heritage ...........................................................183 Some fundamental
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