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Eponymic Structures in Human Anatomy

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Eponymic Structures in Human Anatomy THE GLASGOW MEDICAL JOURNAL. No. VI. December, 1895. ORIGINAL ARTICLES. EPONYMIC STRUCTURES IN HUMAN ANATOMY. By JAMES FINLAYSON, M.D., Physician to the Glasgow Western Infirmary and to the Royal Hospital for Sick Children ; Honorary Librarian to the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow, &c. During last winter on6 of my "bibliographical demonstrations" in our Faculty library here was designed to illustrate eponymic structures in anatomy. I had often felt that the names of great men in our profession which had happened to be preserved in the nomenclature of anatomy furnished about the only instruction in the history of medicine which many of our students acquired. Every one knows at least the name of Herophilus in this way; and not a few know that he was of the Alexandrian school before the Christian era. How many know as much of his equally famous contemporary, Erasistratus ? But the names attached to the structures they are studying are usually mere names: very often not even the vaguest idea of their date or nationality is associated with them. How many of our students, in speaking of the capsule of Glisson or the foramen of Winslow, know whether Glisson or Winslow was an Englishman ? In preparing my demonstration I had the aid of two of my clinical assistants?Dr. John Love and Dr. John W. Findlay? No. 6. 2 C Vol. XLIV. 402 Dr. Finlayson?Eponymic Structures in Anatomy. without whose help I could not possibly have attempted the work. We searched out all the eponymic structures we could find, and then we searched out the books or papers of the authors, where these are described by them, whenever this was possible. Cards were then written with the name of the author, his nationality and designation, and the date of his birth and death. These were laid on the volumes, which were arranged on long tables in rough chronological order, as precision is impossible in this respect. We began with the fragments of Herophilus collected by Marx, and went on to the works of living men. Marks were often inserted in the volumes where the structures were described or delineated. The volumes arranged in this way gave a vivid idea of the progress of anatomy; and the illustrations were, of course, of very special interest to those who had never seen them before. So much labour had been expended on this demonstration that it seemed desirable to expend a little more in making the list even more complete, so that it might be published for the use of others, although, no doubt, the sight of the books and plates was really the specialty of the demonstration. In printing this list, an alphabetical rather than a chrono- logical order seemed to be more useful and practicable. The dates given are those of the birth and death when these were ascertained. In the case of living authors, a dash (?) after the date of birth indicates that death had not occurred, or was not known to have occurred. In some cases, only the date of birth or of death was known; in others, the date of graduation was all that was available; in a few, the date of the paper concerned with the name of the structure was the only clue; or perhaps the date of a professorial appointment. In some cases, the nationality as judged by birth is different from that acquired by residence or professorial duties?in a few cases this correction has been added when it was known. Indications of the locality of some of the less known structures have been added in brackets to aid the memory of the reader, or to guide him; but no attempt, of course, at precise definition is made in such a list. The structures included in the list are those only which pertain to human anatomy. Purely microscopic terms, and those found only in comparative anatomy and embryology, and many terms in anthropology, have been omitted; but the line of demarcation cannot be drawn absolutely, and the general interest or currency of the term has determined the inclusion of some names near the border line. Dr. Finlayson?Eponymic Structures in Anatomy. 403 The data here given, however bald they may seem, are not always readily obtained; very possibly errors of various kinds may be detected by those whose reading and studies bear more on such subjects than mine; Mr. Henry E. Clark has already given me some help in this direction. Very many sources of information had to be searched, but the following are amongst the most important: ? The New Sydenham Society's Lexicon, Wernich's Biograpihisches Lexikon, and the Surg eon-General's Index-Catalogue of the Medical Library at Washington. The propriety of naming structures after men need not be discussed here. The actual fact is that they are so named; and the chronological arrangement showed very plainly how much this had increased within the last 100 years. This table may help to lessen what is apt to be a grave inconvenience. Abernethy, John, English surgeon and anatomist, 1764?1831. ?Abernethy's fascia (over external iliac artery). Alcock, Thomas, English surgeon, 1784?1833.?Canal of (for internal pudic artery). Andersch, c. S., German anatomist, close of eighteenth century. ?Ganglion of (petrous of glosso pharyngeal). Arantius (or Aranzi), Julius Caesar, Italian anatomist, 1530 ?1589.?Corpora Arantii; Duct of and Canal of (ductus venosus); Ventricle of (end of calamus scriptorius). Arnold, F., German anatomist, born 1803.?Ganglion of (otic); Nerve of (auricular branch of vagus); Suspensory ligament of (incus); Convolution of (posterior inferior, occipito-temporal lobe); Membrane of (pigmented layer of iris). Auerbach, Leopold, German anatomist, 1824?.?Ganglion of; Plexus of (in small intestine). Baillarger, J., French physician, 1815?.?Lines of (in brain). Barkow, Hans Karl Leopold, Professor of anatomy in Breslau, 1798?1873.?Ligament of (in olecranon fossa). Bartholin, Thomas, Danish physician, 1616 or 1619?1680.? Glands of Bartholin ; Duct of Bartholin (sublingual). Baudelocque, Jean Louis, French accoucheur, 1745?1810.? Line of (external conjugate diameter of pelvis). Bauhin, Caspar, French anatomist, 1560?1624. ? Valve of; Glands of (tongue). VOn Bechterew, W., Russian neurologist, living.?Nucleus of (near Deiters', in medulla). Bell, Sir Charles, Surgeon and physiologist in London (Scottish birth), 1774?1842.?External respiratory nerve of; Muscle of (trigone of bladder). 404 Dr. Finlayson?Eponymic Structures in Anatomy. Bellini, L., anatomist of Florence, 1643?1704.?Ligament of (hip-joint); Ducts of (kidneys). Bernard, Claude, French physiologist, 1813?1878.?Canal of (supplementary duct of pancreas). Bertin, E. J., French anatomist, 1712?1781.?Ligament of (ilio- femoral); Bones of (in sphenoid); Septa or Columns of (between pyramids of kidney). Bichat, M. F. Xavier, Professor of anatomy and physiology in Paris, 1771?1802.?Fissure of (cerebellum); Foramen of (third ventricle). Bidder, Heinrich F., German anatomist, 1810?(papers published in 1866 and 1868).?Ganglion of (auriculo-ventricular septum). Bigelow, John Milton, American surgeon, 1846?.?Ligament of (ilio-femoral or Y-shaped). Blandin, Philippe Frederic, French surgeon, 1798?1849.? Glands of (tongue). Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich, German anatomist, 1752? 1840.?Clivus or plane of (in sphenoid). Bochdalek (Father), Victor Alexander, Professor of anatomy in Prague up till 1869. Bochdalek (Son), Victor, Anatomist in Prague (papers published from 1866).?Ganglion of (above upper canine tooth). Bock, Au. C-, German anatomist (book on ganglionic system pub- lished in 1817 to 1821).?Nerve of (pharyngeal); Ganglion of (cavernous). Boerhaave, Hermann, Dutch physician, 1668?1738.?Glands of (sudoriparous). Botalli, Leonard, Italian anatomist, born 1530; lived in France from 1561 till 1585.?Foramen of Botalli (foramen ovale); Ligament of (obliterated ductus arteriosus). Bowman, Sir William, English anatomist and physiologist, and ophthalmic surgeon, 1816?1892.?Glands of (in olfactory mucous membrane); Bowman's capsule (in kidney); Bowman's discs (muscles); Bowman's lamellae, (of cornea); Muscle of (fibres in ciliary muscle). Breschet, Gilbert, French anatomist, 1784?1845.?Canals of (in diploe, for) Breschets veins ; Sinus of (spheno-parietal). Broca, P., French surgeon and anthropologist, 1824?1880.? Convolution of. Brodie, Sir Benjamin, English surgeon, 1783?1862.?Bursa of (knee). Bruch, Max. Julius Friedrich (thesis published in Berlin in 1835). Glands of (in conjunctiva, synonymous with trachoma glands of Henle) ; Muscle of (ciliary); Membrane of (choroid). Briicke, Ernst, German physiologist, 1819?.?Muscles of (ciliary muscle). Bryant, Thomas, English surgeon, licensed 1849 (living).? Triangle of (ilio-femoral at hip). r Dr. Finlayson?Eponymic Structures in Anatomy. 405 Brunner, Johann Conrad, Swiss anatomist, 1653?1727.?Bmn- ner's glands. ? Burdach, K. F., German anatomist. 1776?1847.?Columns of Burdacli. Burow (Father), August, German surgeon, 1809?1874. Burow (Son), Ernst, German surgeon, 1838?1885.? Veins of (con- necting portal and general circulation). Burns, Allan, Glasgow anatomist, 1781?1813.?Ligament of (at saphenous opening); Space of (in neck). Camper, Pierre, Dutch physiologist, 1722--1789.?Facial angle of; Ligament of (in urethra); Fascia of; Inter-columnar bands. Carcassonne, Bernard Gauderic, French surgeon, born 1728. ?Ligament of (deep perineal fascia). Casserio, Giulio, Italian anatomist, 1545?1616.?Perforated muscle of Casserius (coraco-brachialis); Artery of (internal carotid and middle meningeal); Nervus perforans Casserii (musculo-cutaneous). Chassaignac, c. M. E., French surgeon and anatomist, 1805
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