xxxv

Index

6 Cs 1254, 1258 Apriori-based Graph Mining (AGM) 13 6 Ps 1253 Apriori with Subgroup and Constraint (ASC) 948 Arabidopsis thaliana 205, 227 A ArM32 operations 458 ArnetMiner 331 abnormal alarm 2183 Arterial Pressure (AP) 902 academic theory 1678 ArTex with Resolutions (ARes) 1047 Access Methods (AM) 449, 468 arthrokinetics restrictions 653 across-stage inferencing 568, 575-576, 580, 583 Artificial Intelligence (AI) 991, 1262 Active Learning (AL) 67, 69 Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) 250, 299, 367, 704, ADaMSoft 1315 1114, 1573, 2253 Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) 345 Art of War 477 Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) Asset Management (AM) 1607 1114-1115, 1124, 2250, 2252, 2254-2255, 2268 Association Rule Mining (ARM) 28, 47, 108, 148, Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) 2084 684, 856, 974, 989, 1740 advanced search 1314, 1317, 1338 ANGEL data 846-847 Adverse Drug Events (ADEs) 1942 approaches 1739-1740, 1743, 1748-1749 Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) 1435 association rules 57, 65, 587 aggregate constraint 1842 calendric 594 aggregate function 681-682, 686, 1434, 1842, 2028- maximal 503-509, 512-514 2029 quality measures 130 agrometeorological agents 1625 Association rules for Textures (ArTex) 1047 agrometeorological methods 1625-1626 Associative Classification (AC) 975 agrometeorological variables 1626 atomic condition 285-287 ambiguity-directed sampling 71 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) 2175 1463 American National Election Studies (ANES) 30, 42 Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action (AIDA) 1261 analysis of uses 1170 attitude and conjoint analysis 1170 Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) 2153, 2160, 2171 attribute interpretation 520 A New Global Environment for Learning (ANGEL) attribute uncertainty 520-521, 674 838 Attribute Value Frequency (AVF) algorithm 171 Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) 379, 780, 2134, 2144 Automated Driver’s License Examination System Anti-Money Laundering (AML) 2193, 2206 (ADLES) 1780 Application Programming Interface (API) 1375, 1411, Automatic Decision Systems (ADS) 1876 2016 Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) 353 Apriori algorithm 17, 36, 38, 56-58, 119, 132, 519, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models 524, 592-593, 847, 862, 865-866, 956-958, 960, (ARIMA) 1738 975-976, 1016, 1155, 1437, 1742, 1745, 1750, Autoregressive Moving Average models (ARMA) 1941 1738 Apriori association mining 32

Volume I, pp. 1-585; Volume II, pp. 586-1162; Volume III, pp. 1163-1736; Volume IV, pp. 1737-2284 Index

Business Performance Management (BPM) 1876 B business social network 231-232, 246, 326, 334 Back-Propagation Algorithm (BPA) 706, 1114 Business Social Network Sites (BSNS) 231 Back-Propagation Network (BPN) 1115 Business-to-Business (B2B) 234 Bag-of-Words (BoW) 1103 Business-to-Customer (B2C) 1449 Balanced Scorecard (BSC) 476 business understanding 2002 bankruptcy risk 920, 922, 924, 927-928, 937, 939- 940, 942, 946 C Basic Information Elements (BIE) 453 Bayesian classifiers 528, 1019-1020, 1028-1029, C4.5 algorithm 32, 36, 780, 840, 845 1039, 1062 C4.5 decision tree 791, 1527 Bayesian solution 398 Cardiac Output (CO) 902 behavioral profiling 1324 care guidelines 1005 Behavioral Targeting (BT) 1320, 1322, 1336 Case Based Decision Making (CBDM) 1256, 1264- Behavior Profile History (BPH) 1677 1265, 1267, 1270, 1274 Best Matching Unit (BMU) 651, 829 Case Based Reasoning (CBR) 1255, 1264-1265, 1272, betweenness 328 1274, 1535, 1943 Bhattacharyya distance 265, 269-270, 273-275, 277- case based web service discovery or retrieval 1267 278 CaseTrain 1201 Biased Apriori-based Graph Mining (B-AGM) 13 Catalogue Service for Web (CSW) 1716 Big Data Challenge 2117 CATWOE 2159 binary association rules 519, 524 Center of Gravity (COG) 304 Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) 338 Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) Bin Frequency (BF) measure 827 1131 Bin Frequency – Inverse Document Bin Frequency Central Entity Type (CET) 635 (BF-IDBF) 827 change mining framework 722 biosequence patterns 955 Chief of Defense (CHOD) 476 bipolar queries 279, 281, 288, 291, 293-295, 297 China Classification Society (CCS) 2175 bipolar univariate 289 Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) Bisector Tree (BST-Tree) 452 927, 1559-1560, 1568, 1574, 1577-1578, 1583, Bit Transposed File (BTF) 148 1590, 2240, 2249 Bivariate Moment Decomposition (BMD) 1475 Chi Square Two Sample Test 612-613 bivariate moment values 1477 Cholesky decomposition 395-397 Block-Independent Databases (BIDs) 673 ciphering 351 Boosting regression 1472, 1474, 1482, 1484, 1490, cisgenic plants 205, 229 1494 Class Association Rules (CAR) 448 border points 438 Class-Attribute Interdependence Maximization boundary spanners 328 (CAIM) 895 Bovine trajectory model 2104 Classification and Regression Trees (CART) 926, 1576 Brain Extraction Tool (BET) 1901, 1914 Classification Association Rule Mining (CARM) 972 Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI- Classification Association Rules (CARs) 32, 972, 975 RADS) 1797 Classification Based on Associations (CBA) 970, Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) 337 972, 976 Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) 351 Classification based on Multiple Association Rules B-spline transformations 1475, 1487 (CMAR) 970, 972, 976-977 Build-Operate-and-Transfer (BOT) Law 1780 Classification based on Predictive Association Rules Build-Operate-Own (BOO) contract 1780 (CPAR) 970, 972, 978 Business Activity Management (BAM) 659 classification mining 29, 47, 856 Business Activity Monitoring (BAM) 660, 1876 classification performance 694 Business Intelligence (BI) 550, 566, 1291, 1293, climate change models 1640, 2121 1423, 1873 Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) 881, 884, 887, 993, 1461-1462

xxxvi Index

Clinical Document Ontology 1087, 1094 Context-Free Grammar (CFG) 1953 closed frequent itemsets 31, 863 contingency analyses 1743, 1749 Closed World Assumption (CWA) 627 controlled vocabularies 1199, 1240, 1710, 1718-1720, closeness 328 1725, 1733 ClueWeb dataset 1 conventional integration methodology 181 clustering 144, 437, 848, 1394, 1607 convex polygonization 2041 Clustering Large Applications (CLARA) 437 copyleft 1172 Coastal Web Atlases (CWAs) 1709 core points 438 codewords 1103 corona discharges 1609 Coefficient of Oxygen use (CUO2) 902 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 1044 Coefficient of Variation (CoV) 2135 correlation fractal dimension 1628, 1630 Cognitive Business Intelligence System (CBIS) 489 Counter-Terrorism Financing (CTF) 2193 collaborative behavior modeling 1237 Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) 192 collaborative health-planning 1550 Courses of Action (COAs) 488 collaborative planning 1546-1548, 1557 creation algorithm 707 collaborative search 1861 cross-cultural reflection 1213 collective intelligence 780, 1360, 1377-1378, 1380, cross-cultural refraction 1213 1387-1389 crossover algorithm 707 Command Line Interfaces (CLI) 1908 crowdfunding 1180 commerce awareness 794 crowdsourcing 1180 Common Control Channel (CCCH) 351 C&RT algorithm 561, 1538 common sub-polygonization 2041-2042 cubegrades 1434 Complete Blood Count (CBC) 1006 Current Behavior Profile (CBP) 1677 Complex Event Processing (CEP) 660 Customer Decision Making (CDM) 1253-1255, 1258, Compound Decision Process (CDP) 1382, 1384, 1386 1270, 1272 Comprehensibility Postulate (CP) 1066 Customer Relationship Management (CRM) 1263, Computational Intelligence (CI) 23, 26, 158, 227-228, 1279, 1473, 1522, 1943, 2019 296, 323, 367, 393, 433, 529, 547, 749, 878, 913, customer satisfaction 232, 604, 925, 1279, 1282-1284, 991-992, 994, 999-1001, 1003, 1015, 1063, 1126, 1288-1290, 1350, 1451, 1472-1474, 1476, 1478, 1271, 1281, 1308-1309, 1685, 1869, 1932, 1954, 1482, 1486, 1490, 1494, 1522-1523, 1528, 1531 1956, 2152, 2248 CuSUM 2058 Computer Aided Diagnosis/Detection (CAD) 1098 Computer-Aided Diagnostic characterizations (CADc) D 1794 Computer Assisted Passenger PreScreening System daily trajectories 2108-2109 (CAPPS) 1160 DAMIART project 127 concept graph system 1390-1391, 1396-1397, 1399, data access 2016 1402-1403 data analysis module 1632-1633, 1636, 1638-1639 Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis (CMFD) data approaches 1280 2175, 2189 Database Management Systems (DBMS) 436, 1157, confidence-level 29, 41 2029 Confidence-Support-Antecedent (CSA) 977 data classification 1244 connection capacity 339 data cleaning 51, 165, 594, 622, 821, 1153, 1196, 1294, connection delay 339 1315, 1429, 1901, 1945-1947, 2009 connection topology 368 data collection 66-67, 70, 94, 142, 400, 520, 568, 587, constraint-based mining algorithms 722 619, 651, 773, 1006-1007, 1009, 1214, 1282, Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) 274, 1097- 1285, 1320, 1450, 1552, 1577, 1580, 1608, 1739, 1098, 1795 1943, 2002, 2007, 2272 content-based rule mining 870 procedures and coding 1739 Content Management Framework (CMF) 1982 data collection and segmentation 1006-1007, 1009 Context-Aware Services Reference Framework (CAS- Data Dimensionality Reduction (DDR) 31 RF) 2274 data exploration 216, 820, 1153, 2008

xxxvii Index

dataflow modeling 754-756, 765, 770, 774 Density Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with data mining algorithms 30, 35, 50-51, 71, 98, 107-108, Noise (DBSCAN) 436 160, 212, 229, 326, 521, 524, 603, 626, 641, 755, Department of Transportation and Communications 841-842, 950, 953, 1043, 1082, 1085, 1090, 1159, (DOTC) 1781 1295, 1298, 1302, 1307, 1310, 1433-1434, 1594, descriptive tasks 1669 1599, 1626, 1630, 1916-1917, 1922, 1960, 1963, Det Norske Veritas (DNV) 2175 1966, 2016-2017, 2111, 2240 Diagnosis System in Laboratory Centre (DSLC) Data Mining (DM) 1, 51, 66, 179, 435, 516, 551, 586, 2177-2178 625-626, 755, 828, 838, 841, 922, 925, 1004, Diagnostic Power (DP) 909 1151-1152, 1193, 1207, 1277, 1280, 1520-1522, differentiated marketing 1166 1535, 1575-1576, 1592, 1641, 1873-1874, 1876, Digital Database for Screening Mammography 1923, 1937, 2000, 2033, 2194-2195, 2232, 2236, (DDSM) 1799 2268 Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine autonomous 1960, 1965, 1973, 1977 (DICOM) 1105 context-aware 1960 digital mammograms 777 situation-aware 1960 digital services 1259, 2274 ubiquitous 1960-1965, 1967-1968, 1971-1974, digital signature 1224, 1763 1976-1977 diorama 1181 data mining languages 1875, 1880 Direct Access Method (DAM) 450 Data Mining Query Language (DMQL) 1881 directed graph 595 data mining tools 1612 discovered knowledge 51, 93, 102, 179-180, 1154, data partition 1823 1294, 1521, 1608, 1840, 1936-1942, 1944, 1952- data preparation 1154, 1968, 2002, 2008, 2264 1953, 1958 data processing 1521 Discrete Fourier Transformation Theory (DFTT) 8 data quality 603 discretization 894 data quality management plan 603-604 discretization algorithm 779, 895, 914-915 data reduction 93, 594, 748, 821, 894, 1153 discretization methods 472, 779, 894-895, 915-916 data repositories 821, 950, 1082, 1085, 1089 discretization process 779 data source 1822 disguised missing data 603-608, 611, 621-623 data stream mining 146 disparate applications 1255 data stream monitoring 1627, 1632, 1638 distance-based function 544 data transformation 595, 613-614, 617, 622, 778, 821, document frequency 15, 537, 823, 827, 1177, 1324, 932, 1025, 1294 1391-1394, 1400, 1402 data understanding 2002, 2009 Document Object Model (DOM) 7, 24, 866 data validation 1194 Document Type Definition (DTD) 3, 2018 data visualisation 1159 Domain Relational Calculus (DRC) 282 Data Warehouse (DW) 179, 1876 Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) 420 Decision Making (DM) 1253, 1256 Driver’s Licensing System (DLS) 1780 Decision Making LifeCyle (DMLC) 1255-1257, 1274 Drools Rule Language (DRL) 1510 decision making strategies 1256, 1264, 1270, 1274 Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DCMES) 1713 decision process duration constraint 1842 flow 1383 Dynamic Itemset Counting (DIC) algorithm 863 Decision Support Systems (DSS) 405, 415, 474, 884- Dynamic Link Library (DLL) 2181 885, 991, 1222, 1254, 1352, 1376, 1517, 1546, dynamic sensor networks 719, 726 1548, 1873-1874, 2021-2022, 2271 dynamism of the network 328 Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) 351 Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH) 351 E de-fuzzification 304 degree 328 Early Warning System (EWS) 925, 1472, 1560, 1572- Delphi method 2159-2160, 2170-2172 1573, 1590, 2249-2251, 2268 Denial of Service (DOS) 533 Earth Movers Distance (EMD) 270, 1104

xxxviii Index

economic crime 1664-1670, 1672, 1678, 1681-1682, expert search 1314, 1317 1685-1686 Exploratory Data Analysis and Management (EDAM) Efficient Bayesian Discretization (EBD) 895 964 e-Government Enterprise (eGE) 1218 Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) 2083 e-Government Gateway (eGG) 1208-1209 extended real-time Polling Service (ertPS) 338 E-learning Web Miner (ElWM) 1294, 1307 eXtensible Markup Language (XML) 644, 1452, 1510, Electronic Commerce (e-commerce/eCommerce) 1712, 1715 248, 794, 811, 813, 951, 1270-1274, 1355-1356, external fraud 1664-1669, 1672, 1677, 1680-1682, 1458, 1460, 1532-1533, 1706, 1758, 1760, 1777, 1686 1785, 1792 Extraction, Transformation and Loading (ETL) tools electronic contracts 1758, 1763-1764, 1776 179 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) 1452 Extract, Transform and Load (ETL) 1190, 1426, 1876, Electronic Health Records (EHR) 1462 2033-2034 Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) 1004, 1752 Embedded Unbiased Sample (EUS) heuristic 608-609 F embedding dimension 1627 emergence pattern 1652 False Negatives (FN) 1414, 2260 End-Diastolic Volume (EDV) 1050 false positive rate 542, 544-546, 780, 1057, 1107, End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) 1064-1065, 1070 1109, 1411, 2057-2058, 2062-2063 Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) 337 False Positives (FP) 1414, 2260 Enhanced Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service Fast Correlation-Based Filter (FCBF) 92, 105 (E-MBMS) 339 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) 347 Enterprise Architecture (EA) 474-475, 492, 498, 1218 feature selection domain 70 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) 1450, 1979 feedback architecture 369 EpsCoord 439 feedforward architecture 369 equal frequency discretization (EFD) 894 feedforward neural network 374, 1539 equal-width discretization (EWD) 894 File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 1773 error backpropagation algorithm 374 financial bankruptcy 923 ethical dimension 410, 431 financial crisis 921, 1559 ethical principles 410 financial distress 925, 935, 937, 943-944, 946, 1559- Euclidean distance 147, 210, 216, 271, 436, 439-440, 1560, 1572, 1574, 1581-1584, 1587, 1590, 2237, 591, 651, 739, 742, 1104, 1394-1395, 1615, 2247 2213-2216 Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) 2193 European Foundation for Quality Management financial risk 942, 944, 1564, 1568, 1572-1576, 1580, (EFQM) 476 1583, 1587, 1590, 2236, 2247 Evaluation Information System (EIS) 476, 483 First Order Inductive Learner (FOIL) 972 Everything as a Service (EaaS) 1256 First Order Logic (FOL) 628 Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) 2135 First Training Set (FTS) 910 Evolutionary Computation (EC) 301, 304, 389, 704 fleet management 2272 artificial selection 304 flow centrality 328 natural selection 304, 381, 489, 716, 926, 1163, folksonomy 1240 1576 Forward Error-Correcting (FEC) coding 353 Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network fraud detection system 1599, 1675, 2230, 2238-2239, (E-UTRAN or eUTRAN) 340 2241, 2246, 2249 Examining Set (ES) 459 Free/Open Source Software (FOSS) 1979 exam log data 1006-1007, 1015, 1018 Frequency Domain Packet Scheduling (FDPS) 345 Existing Multilayer Perceptron (EMLP) 1536 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) 1217, 1260 Expectation Maximization (EM) 169, 1327, 2086 frequent mining 2059 expert knowledge 31, 135, 704, 840, 887, 1064-1065, frequent outlier 2060 1069, 1076, 1108, 1601, 1675, 1936-1947, 1950, frequent pattern mining 2, 5, 9-10, 14, 16, 859-862, 1952-1953, 1956, 1958, 1981, 1988, 1993, 1996, 864, 867-868, 870-872, 874, 969, 1033, 1661, 2259 1850, 2067

xxxix Index

frequent query pattern problem 868 Geographical Information Systems (GIS) 50, 406, functional dependency 51, 1265 1548, 1876, 2021-2022, 2153, 2156, 2160 fuzzy CBR 1267 Geographic Episode Association Pattern Mining fuzzy compound 1267 (GEAM) 1629 Fuzzy Decision Tree (FDT) 1073 geographic matrix 2119, 2128 fuzzy expert system 303 Geography Markup Language (GML) 1711, 1715, Fuzzy Extraction, Transformation and Loading (FETL) 1733 181, 187, 199 geometric aggregation 2040, 2044, 2112 Fuzzy Inference Systems (FISs) 2255-2256 Geometric Near-Neighbor Access Tree (GNNAT) 452 fuzzy integration methodology 181 GIS applications 2121 fuzzy linguistic approach 180, 182, 200, 320 Global Information Grid (GIG) middleware 756 Fuzzy Logic (FL) 64-65, 249-250, 279, 281-283, 287- global ontology 1725-1729 288, 290, 293-303, 309, 320-321, 323, 366-367, Global Positioning System (GPS) 1779, 2128, 2272 375-376, 378-379, 388-389, 391-393, 670, 994, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) 1064-1065, 1067-1068, 1071, 1077, 1080-1081, 337, 2277 1089, 1125, 1128, 1267-1269, 1277, 1281, 1535, GML application schema 1711, 1715 1938, 1972, 2171, 2178, 2190, 2255-2256, 2266, GNU Image Find Tool (GIFT) 1098 2283 Goodness of Fit (GOF) 74 Fuzzy Logic System (FLS) 2255 Good Teaching Scale (GTS) 192 fuzzy multi-objective analysis 231, 233 Governance, Risk Management and Compliance Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) 250, 2178 Global Rules Information Database Initiative Fuzzy Query Language (FQL) 282 (GRC-GRID) 1499 fuzzy relations 285-288 gradient descent 369, 372-374, 1116, 1483, 1540, Fuzzy Rule-Based Classifiers (FRBCs) 1064-1065 2256-2258, 2263 Fuzzy Rule Based System (FRBS) 303 Graduate Qualities Scale (GQS) 193 fuzzy set 303 Grammar-Guided Programming (GGP) 1953 fuzzy set constant 286 Graph Based Induction (GBI) 13 Fuzzy Set Theory (FST) 1067 Graph for Time Constraints (GTC) 1840 Graphical Modeling Environment (GME) 765 G Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) 1874 graph isomorphism problem 868 gap constraint 958, 1842 graph mining 329 GAR Pruning (GARP) 131 graph-rewriting grammar 712-713 Gaston 1464 Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) 778 Gaussian distributions 267, 269, 398, 680, 2129 Group Decision Support System (GDSS) 1377 Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) 169, 252 Growing Pyramidal Network (GPN) 446 Generalization Power (GP) 908 Generalized Association Rules (GARs) 128 Generalized Iterative Scaling (GIS) algorithm 1019 H Generalized Linear Discriminant Sequence (GLDS) hard computing 300 Kernel 265 harmony search 379 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) 337 health index 397 generic knowledge 1937, 1941 Health Level Seven (HL7) 1085, 1106 Generic Skills Scale (GSS) 193 Hellinger distance 1677 Genetic Algorithms (GA) 299, 304, 379-380, 706, 786 Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) 1006, 1132 genetic ant-miner 775, 785, 787 Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) 1006 Genetic Complementary Learning (GCL) 2237 Hermes architecture 2032 Genetic Fuzzy Rule Based System (GFRBS) 309 Heterogeneous Data Mining by Unified Vectorization Genetic Programming (GP) algorithm 705 (HDM-UV) 820 Genetic Programming (GP) techniques 1953 Heterogeneous Data Mining (HDM) 816 Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) 252, 590, 1104

xl Index

hierarchical clustering 18, 144-146, 149, 156, 158, information structure repositories 1089-1090 165, 173, 183, 197, 204, 206-207, 226, 228-229, Information System Database (ISD) 1899 437, 599, 642, 749, 1244, 1249, 1394-1395, 1401, Information Technology (IT) 474-475, 494, 1209, 1435, 1607, 1614, 1617, 1620, 1623, 1643, 1855 1779, 1980 agglomerative approach 144-145 Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) 1342 divisive approach 144-145 input vector 256-257, 368-369, 651, 1070, 1115, 1117, hierarchy theory 2127, 2129-2130 1119, 1615, 2214, 2240 Highly Interpretable Linguistic Knowledge (HILK) inspection scheduling 2132, 2140, 2149, 2152 1064-1065, 1068 Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) 421 honeypots 1408 Institutional Decomposition Analysis (IDA) 411, 421 hourly trajectories 2107, 2113 integrated algorithms 972 HP Privacy Advisor system (HP PA) 1499 Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) 408 human-centred search 1864 Intelligence Base (IntB) 477, 498 Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) 294, 797, 811, Intelligence Formation System (INFOS) 459 1098, 1265 intelligent agents 497, 1127, 1256, 1260, 1262, 1275, Human Immune-deficiency Virus (HIV) 1005 1360, 1367, 1459, 1759, 1943, 1965, 1967, 1974 hybrid approaches 1167 Intelligent Data Analysis (IDA) 1065 Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) 353 Intelligent Decision Support System (IDSS) 247, 299, hybrid decomposition 1476-1477 311, 313, 319, 1001, 1018, 1068, 1114, 1265, hydroinformatics 406, 428 1878, 1888, 1890, 1943, 1954 Hypercube Division-based (HDD) 896 interactive filtering 1858 hypercubes 1428 Interdisciplinary Forum (IF) 482, 492, 496 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) I 1626 Intermediate Matching Kernel (IMK) 271-272 ID3 algorithm 780 intermediate variables 1505, 1507, 1509 identity management 1212 internal discharges 1609 Image Database Resource Initiative (IDRI) 1797 internal fraud 1664-1667, 1669-1672, 1677-1682, Image Retrieval in Medical Application (IRMA) 1107 1686 image-to-image inferencing 575-576, 581 International Coastal Atlas Network (ICAN) 1709- image-to-word inferencing 575 1710, 1726 imbalanced datasets 695 International Standards Organization (ISO) 1086, 2274 IMDb dataset 132 Internet of Things (IOT) 2176 Immunoglobin A Nephropathy (IgAN) 1064-1065, Internet Relay Chat (IRC) 1773 1080 Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) 347 immunoinformatics 1134, 1136, 1139, 1141, 1147- Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) 2273 1148 intrinsic dimension 1624, 1627-1632, 1637-1639, incomplete decision making 1270 1643-1644 Index of Orthostatic Instability (IOSI) 902 intrusion detection dataset 739 Index of Particle Covered Area (IPCA) 2185-2186 Inverse Bin Document Frequency (IDBF) measure 827 Indie Pop Band 1182, 1184 Inverse Document Frequency (IDF) 537, 823, 1177, inductive databases 874, 1880, 1883, 1886-1887, 1392 1889-1890 Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) 347 Infectious Syndrome (IS) 902 iso cluster 2123, 2125 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) isokinetics data 1936-1937 1082, 1548, 1754 isokinetics machine 1944-1946, 1950 information chaos 1209, 1227 isokinetics symbolic distance 1952 information extraction 128, 138, 192, 630, 646, 648, isokinetics symbols alphabet 1950-1951 669-670, 1189-1190, 1194-1197, 1202-1207, Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) 1559-1560, 1568, 1231, 1442, 2070, 2253 1574, 1583, 2250-2251 TEXRMARKER 1196, 1203-1205 item constraint 1842 information management 603 iTriage 993, 997

xli Index

Learning Management System Data (LMSD) 1472 J Learning Management System (LMS) 837, 1359, 1472 J48 algorithm 1417, 1527, 1808 learning sequence profile 1923 Java Data Mining (JDM) 1880, 1975, 2016 learning sequence similarity 1924-1926 Java Enterprise Edition (JEE) 1292, 1296 Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) 1115, 1574 Java Enterprise Technology (J2EE) 1500 Learning Vector Quantization Network (LVQN) 1114- 1115, 1120 K Left Anterior Descending (LAD) 1050 left bundle branch block (lbbb) 1054 Kansei information processing 366, 387-389 Left Cirumflex (LCx) 1050 kansei of people, the 1390 Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) 1050 Karaoke Project 1173 length constraint 1842 Kernel density function 544-545 linguistically quantified proposition 284, 292, 298 keyword extraction 1245, 1390-1392, 1404-1405 Linked Open Data (LOD) 631 k-means (KM) algorithm 165, 204, 207, 519, 526, 849, Litchi Disease Diagnosis Expert System (LDDES) 966, 1072, 1395, 1527, 1848-1849 1943 k-means (KM) clustering 208 Local Area Network (LAN) 2177 k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) 972, 1281 Locally Linear Embedding (LLE) 1103 knowledge acquisition 1937 local ontology 1725-1728 Knowledge and Data Discovery Management Systems Location Based Context-Aware Mobile Services (LB- (KDDMS) 1880, 1883 CAMS) 2269, 2271 knowledge-based decision tree 738 Logistic Regression (LR) 2254, 2258 Knowledge-Based System (KBS) 479, 1937, 1958 logistic stepwise regression 1824, 1826 Knowledge Base (KB) 634, 1497, 1499-1500, 1508 Long-Term Evolution (LTE) 336-337 knowledge capture 1189-1190, 1199 lossless compression 740, 743 Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) 435-436, lossy compression 741 1153, 1160, 1279-1280, 1282, 1294, 1521, 1874, lower approximation 52, 55-57, 61, 386 1958, 2020 Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) 636 knowledge elicitation 1207, 1515, 1706, 1937, 1943, loyalty cards 1277, 1350 2005 Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) 1796, knowledge extraction 126-127, 651, 656, 705, 866, 1799, 1803 1064, 1152, 1406, 1648, 1977 Lysosomal-Cation Test (LKT) 910 knowledge gaps 1082, 1089-1090 Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) 838 knowledge tagging 1199 M Knowledge Transfer (KT) 484 Machine Learning (ML) methods 301 Knowledge Value Added (KVA) 497 Maintenance Management & Maintenance Decision Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence 267 Support System (MMDS) 2177 Maintenance Management System (MMS) 1943 L Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) Database 776 Land Transportation Office (LTO) 1779, 1781 Manufacturers, Assemblers, Importers and Dealers Law Enforcement and Traffic Adjudication System Reporting System (MAIDRS) 1780 (LETAS) 1780, 1784 marine power machinery 2174 layers of generalization 448 market basket analysis 14, 330, 955, 1159, 1277 leader clustering algorithm 738, 743, 746 marketing concentration 1166 learner attribute profile 1923 M-ary Phase Shift Keying (MPSK) 347 learner attribute similarity 1924-1925 mass media 1163 learner profile similarity 1923, 1925 matching degree 280-284, 287-290 Learning Content Management Systems (LCMS) 1292 matrix search system 1390-1391, 1396-1397, 1400- Learning/Course Management System (L/CMS) 1403 1361-1362

xlii Index

Maximal Embedded Unbiased Sample (MEUS) 609 MSC differentiation 970-973, 976, 979-980, 982-983 maximal frequent itemsets 863, 1031, 1040 Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) 44, 748, 750, 856, 1188, Maximal Wall Shear Stress (MWSS) 692 1269, 1274, 1460 Maximum Entropy Discrimination (MED) 95 Multicast Control Channel (MCCH) 351 Maximum Frequent Itemsets (MFI) 1005 Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH) 351 Maximum Value Composite (MVC) 1636 Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) 410 Maximum Variance Unfolding (MVU) 1103 Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) 2156 maxwins strategy 259 Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) methods 2156 Mean of Maxima (MOM) 304 Multidimensional Conceptual Modeling (MCM) 1427 media richness 1283 Multidimensional Database Management Systems media sharing communities 1232-1233, 1235, 1246 (MDBMS) 1434 medical image analysis 1043, 1097, 1113 Multidimensional Integrated Ontology (MIO) 631 medical technology 2069 Multi-Domain Access Method (MDAM) 457 Medium Access Control (MAC) 349 Multi-Domain Information Model (MDIM) 453 Membership Function (MF) 303, 1115 Multi-hop Cellular Network (MCN) 342 Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) 970-971, 990 Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) 1064, 1075, 1534, meta-cognition 1917 1540-1542, 2254, 2259 metaheuristic optimization 2149 Multi-layer Pyramidal Growing Networks (MPGN) meta-index 455 445 microblogging data 1412 Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) 1138 microblog messages 1407-1408 multimodal data mining 567-569, 574-577, 580-583 MicroBlogs 1234 Multiple Attribute Value (MAV) 2057 microblog world 1408 Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) 1435, Microsoft Azure Services Platform (MASP) 1003 1475, 1648 middle-range theories 1090 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) 336 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 423, 1017 Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) 568 minimal description length (MDL) 895 multiple regression technique 1276, 1282, 1285 Minimum Bounding Rectangle (MBR) 451 multiplexing/demultiplexing 351 Minimum Descriptive Length (MDL) 894 Multi-Stripe Dynamic Analysis (MSDA) 2138 Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) 348 multi-valued attribute 286 minimum number of points (MinPts) 438 Musical Band Project 1171 Minimum Optimal Description Length (MODL) 895 musical recommendations 1173 Minute Circulatory Volume (MCV) 902 mutation algorithm 707-708 Minute Respiratory Volume (MRV) 902 Mutual Information Feature Selection (MIFS) 92, Mobile Purchase Decision Support Systems (MP- 96-99, 106 DSSs) 1339 mobility patterns 2030, 2055 N modus ponens 1068 molecular similarity 2210 Naive Bayes 1020 Molecular Similarity Principle 2208 Naive Bayes classifier 99, 1019-1020, 1030, 1047, money laundering 2194 1052-1054, 1057-1058 data mining 2197 Naïve Bayes technique 98-99 Monitoring System in the Ship (MSS) 2177 National Institute of Health (NIH) 1067 Motor Vehicle Registration System (MVRS) 1780, Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM) 474-475, 486, 1784 496 mountain patterns 1634 network centralization 328 Moving Average (MA) 2057, 2063 network reach 328 Moving Object Databases (MOD) 2024 neural data mining system 231, 242-243, 249 Moving Object Fact Table (MOFT) 2042-2043 Neural Networks (NN) 243, 250, 301, 367 M-ray Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (MQAM) Neuro-Fuzzy Partner Selection System (NFPSS) 233 347 neuroimaging algorithms 1894

xliii Index

n-GRAMs in the EXtraction of knowledge COnnais- organizational domain 1376, 1379, 1381-1386 sance (GRAMEXCO) 507 organizational learning 1228, 1369, 1379, 1385, 1387 n-grams of characters 507 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access non-financial indicators 920, 922, 924-925, 930, 932- (OFDMA) 338, 340 933, 935-937, 939-940, 946 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Non-Linear Steepest-Descent (NLSD) algorithm 2076 336 non-real-time Polling Service (nrtPS) 338 outbreak detection 2060 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) 1636 field investigation 2060 normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (nDCG) forensic stage 2060 1105, 1246 outlier detection 142-143, 145-146, 148, 150-152, numerical mining 825 154-163, 165-177, 520, 531, 547-548, 606-607, numerical time series 1950, 1958 1966, 2059, 2066-2068 numeric fuzzy values 285-286, 288 outlier detection algorithms 143, 166, 168-169, 520, 606-607 O outlier mining 2059-2060 Outlying Subspace Front (OSF) 536, 542 object interpretation 520, 524 Overall Satisfaction Index (OSI) 193 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) 494 object uncertainty 520-521, 525 Observe, Orient, Decide, Act (OODA) 480 P occupational fraud 1665-1666, 1682 package code modification 1984, 1986, 1988, 1992 off-line fault diagnosis 2185 Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) 349 Oil Debris Mass (ODM) 396 packet scheduling algorithm 345 OLAP cube 448 Paging Control Channel (PCC) 351 OLEDB for Data Mining (OLEDB DM) 2017 pairwise comparisons 1689, 2153, 2161-2164, 2168 On-Line Analytical Mining (OLAM) 1875 Paris' law 396 Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) 242, 250, 281, Partial Differential Equations (PDE) 2072 471, 1157, 1292, 1428, 1444, 1448, 1876 partial discharge 1607-1612, 1617, 1620-1623 online communities 1232 partial intrinsic dimension 1630-1632 online data mining 142-143, 146, 154, 1927 Partial Least Squares (PLS) 1346, 1352, 1474 on-line ferrographic analysis 2184 Participatory Action Research (PAR) 1551 ontologies 126, 1241 particle filtering 396 Ontology-Driven Information System (ODIS) 1943 particle filtering based gear prognostics 396 ontology languages 1721, 1723 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) 2134 ontology mappings 1709, 1726, 1728, 1732, 1736 partitional clustering 437 Ontology Web Language (OWL) 628-629, 1712 Partitioned Access Method (PAM) 450 Open System Interconnection (OSI) 2274 Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) 437 Open World Assumption (OWA) 627 partitioning clustering 144 Operational Data Store (ODS) 1430 density-based 144 optical flow algorithm 2122, 2124 pathway evaluation 1006, 1009 optimal hyperplane 252-253, 255-257, 259 pathway mining 1006, 1008 optimum path 2145 Patient Safety through Intelligent Procedures (PSIP) ordered categorical variables 1474-1477, 1480, 1493- in medication 1942 1494 pattern detection 732, 1207, 1947, 2068 Ordered Multiple Correspondence Analysis (OMCA) pattern evaluation 1521 1474 pattern generation pruning 956 Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) 2072 pattern information 369 Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) 1487 pattern matching pruning 956 Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries pattern mining 953, 1195 (OPEC) 510 bioinformatics 955 Organizational Decision Support System (ODSS) 1378 pattern searching 1948

xliv Index

Peak-to-Average Power Radio (PAPR) 347 Proposed Multilayer Perceptron (PMLP) 1536 Pearson’s coefficient of correlation analysis 1743 Protein Data Bank (PDB) 1021 Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems 107-108 Pruning by Ancestral Rules (PAR) 131 perceived quality characteristics 1474 pseudo cliques 721-726, 733 Performance-Based Design (PBD) 2133 Pyramid Match Kernel (PMK) 272 peripheral nodes 328 persistent strong rules 28, 30, 32, 35-38, 41-42 Q personal construct psychology 1690-1691, 1704-1706, 1708 QoS-Enabled Dissemination (QED) project 756 personalized search 1862, 1869, 1871 QoS property metrics 753-754 pheromone trail 2145 quality management 1197 phylogenetic tree analysis 389 Quality of Service (QoS) 337, 342, 661, 667, 751, 774, Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) 345 963, 1265, 1273, 1282, 1478, 1591, 1593 Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) 345 Quantile-Quantile (Q-Q) plot 607 Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) 343 quantitative association rules 64-65, 519, 524, 529, Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) 345 602, 988 Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) 345 quantum annealing 379, 391 Picture Archiving and Communication Systems Quaternary Amplitude Modulation (QAM) 338 (PACS) 1098, 1105 Query By Example (QBE) 1099, 1874 Piet-QL 2040, 2046-2047, 2052-2053 Query By Image Content (QBIC) 1098 pipeline gridification 1906 query engines 1245 plateau patterns 1635 Query Models By Example (QMBE) 1883 polynomial transformations 1474, 1493 query rewriting 1729-1730, 1736 poverty mapping 2237 predictive modeling 1281 R Predictive Model Markup Language (PMML) 1880, Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) 1114 1887, 2018 Radial Basis Function (RBF) 1118, 2256 Predictive Rule Mining (PRM) 970, 972, 977 Radial Gradient Index (RGI) 1796, 1806 predictive tasks 952, 1669 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) 1457, 1778- Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) 345 1779 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) 638, 826, 1103, Radio Link Control (RLC) 349 1289 rank transformation 1474 priority handling 351 raster model 2026 Privacy and Identity Management in Europe (PRIME) raw location data 2035, 2037 1498 RDF Schema 644, 1721, 1723, 1732 Privacy Electronic Communication Regulations Real Option Valuation (ROV) 475, 490-491, 498 (PECR) 1261 real-time Polling Service (rtPS) 338 Privacy Incorporated Software Agent (PISA) 1499 Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) 545, 1413, privacy manager 805 1797, 1821, 2261-2262, 2265 privacy risk management 795 recommender systems 1242 probabilistic algorithms 517-518, 521-522 news recommendation 1243 probabilistic databases 515, 517-518, 527, 529, 674, tag recommendation 1243 691 Reference Terminology Models (RTMs) 1085 probabilistic data mining 515, 517, 521 Regions of Interest (ROI) 775, 1099, 2030 Probabilistic Reasoning(PR) 301 regular expression constraint 1842 Probabilistic Sequence Kernel (PSK) 266 regulatory awareness 796 Probability Density Function (PDF) 398, 2086, 2135 relational database 182, 186, 201, 281, 294, 298, 684, Probability Distribution Function (PDF) 520 758, 762-763, 770, 821, 878, 974, 1099, 1267, process mining 329, 659 1500, 1874, 1877, 1882, 1887, 1891, 1939, 2025 Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) 2176 Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) Proportional Fair (PF) algorithm 345 1874

xlv Index

relation schema 281 sequential pattern mining 658-659, 664-666, 668, 947, Remaining Useful Life (RUL) 395 949, 953, 955-958, 961, 963, 965-969, 1005, Renal Biopsy (RB) 1071 1016, 1310, 1446, 1738, 1835-1840, 1842-1851, Repeat Based Maximum Entropy Classifier (REB- 1922, 1931, 2044, 2053 MEC) 1019-1020, 1030 CloSpan 1842 Repeat Based Naive Bayes Classifier (RBNBC) 1019- FreeSpan 1838 1020, 1030 multi-dimensional 1845 Repeated Incremental Pruning to Produce Error Re- PrefixSpan 1838 duction (RIPPER) 972 WSpan 1840 Resource Description Framework (RDF) 627, 646, sequential patterns 52, 251-253, 264, 273, 275, 601, 819, 1442, 1712, 1721, 1723, 1734 658, 663-664, 666-668, 872, 948, 952-955, 958, Respiratory Rate (RR) 902 961-963, 965-969, 1015, 1159, 1277, 1455, 1643- retail crowding 1283, 1288-1289 1644, 1836-1840, 1842, 1844-1851, 1922-1923, Return on Equity (ROE) 817-818, 1574 1928, 2030, 2042, 2044, 2053, 2068 Return on Investment (ROI) 1320 Service-Based Systems and Applications (SBAs) 659 Return-on-Knowledge (ROK) 497 service description 1265, 1267, 1715, 1896, 1899, Return on Total Assets (ROTA) 817 1914 Right Coronary Artery (RCA) 1050 Service-Oriented Application (SOA) 1296 Robust Header Compression (ROHC) 349, 354 Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) 474, 494, 659, Role Based Access Control (RBAC) 1900, 1914 1210, 1294, 1876, 1894 Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) 2260 service-oriented computing 658, 661, 666-667, 1255, Rotten Tomatoes (RT) dataset 132 1309, 1914 rough set theory 52-53, 367, 385-386, 1414, 1957, Service Oriented Modelling and Architecture (SOMA) 2178, 2191 1894 rule based classification 19, 973-976, 985 service solution 1265, 1267 Rule-based Data Warehouse (R-DW) 1437 set enumeration tree 975, 978 Rule-Based Reasoning (RBR) 1943 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) 1132 Rule Base (RB) 315 Simple API for XML (SAX) 866 Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) S 1721, 1723 Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1296, 1715, Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) 1047, 1102 2016 scheduling resolution 343, 345 simple search 1314, 1317 Scholarships of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) strate- Simulated Annealing (SA) 382, 2076 gies 552 Single-Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) 340 scintigraphic images 1045, 1047-1048, 1050, 1052 Single-Carrier Frequency-Domain Equalization (SC- Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) 345 FDE) 348 Second Training Set (STS) 910 single layer perceptron model 373 selection scheme 70, 381, 1113 Single Prediction Reliability Estimate 703 Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) 205, 209, 229, 651, 656, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) 639, 1475 817, 820, 828, 1623 Sistema de Analisis de Balances Espanoles (SABE) semantic annotation 626, 630, 634-635, 646-647, 1200 1567 semantics-aware knowledge 634 Situational Awareness (SA) 487 semantics-aware mining 626, 635 skewed distribution 1668 semantic user profiling 1324-1325 SKOS data model 1723 sequence data 1835 Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) 232, 250, 920, sequence extraction 1006, 1018 1450, 1559-1560, 1565-1566, 1573, 1576, 1590, Sequential Access Method (SAM) 450 1979, 2236 sequential Apriori algorithm 119 snapshot rule mining 870 Sequential Pattern Discovery using Equivalent social aids 2232 (SPADE) class 1837 social awareness 796

xlvi Index

social bookmarking 1233 Stream Projected Outlier deTector (SPOT) 530-531 social correlation analysis 1236 Strong Fuzzy Partitions (SFPs) 1069 Social Decision Support System (SDSS) 1377 Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) 1346 social influence discovery 1236 structural rule mining 867-868, 870-872 social knowledge representation 1239 structured knowledge 1241 Social Network Analysis (SNA) 327, 720 Structured Link Vector Model (SLVM) 16 social network mining 326, 330, 334-335, 1247, 1420, Structured Query Language (SQL) 1874 1690, 1708 Student Support Scale (SSS) 193 social network models 1235 subgroup mining 1193 social networks 326, 335 VIKAMINE tool 1196 social risk mitigation 2230, 2232, 2237-2238, 2244- Subject-Predicate-Object (SPO) 631 2246 super-pattern constraint 1842 Social Security Administration (SSA) 1217 supervised learning 26, 69, 101, 166, 369, 533, 895, social tagging 1199, 1244, 1249, 1251 1110, 1326, 1520, 1534-1535, 1538, 1669, 1675, sociocognitive inquiry 1688 1967, 2196 sociocognitive networks 1689 Supply Chain Management (SCM) 1449 sociocognitive structure 1688-1690 Support Vector Machines (SVM) 71, 170, 253, 301, Soft Computing (SC) 301, 367 638, 818, 972, 1020, 1075, 1106, 1245, 2253 Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) 2159 surface discharges 1610 Software as a Service (SaaS) 494, 497, 1980 surveillance system 2060 solution description 1265, 1267 Sustainable Development (SD) 409 Sorting Evolution Strategies II (NSES-II) 2135 SWOT 2158, 2161 space-time analytics 2117-2121, 2127-2129, 2131 symbolic time series pattern 1953 Sparse Subspace Template (SST) 532 symbols extraction method 1950-1951 spatial aggregation 2027-2028, 2039, 2053 synaptic weights 367, 652 spatial databases 50, 64, 175, 435-437, 443-444, 451, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) 388 472, 527, 2028, 2052, 2056, 2096, 2102 synthetic examples 693 spatial database systems 2027, 2116 Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) spatial data cube 2028, 2054 692 spatial data mining 53, 435 System Architecture Evolution (SAE) 341 Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSS) 2098 System Execution Modeling (SEM) 751-752 spatial dimension 453, 2027, 2112 Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms spatial measures 2028, 2039, 2111 (SNOMED CT) 1085 Spatial Mining Language (SML) 2029 spatio-temporal data warehousing 2021, 2024-2025, T 2031, 2048 spatio-temporal OLAP 2021, 2025, 2031, 2048-2050, Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) 303 2052, 2114 Technical-Organizational-Personal-Ethical and Aes- specification mining 755 thetic (TOPEA) 418 spectrum flexibility 339 Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) 1342 SQL Multimedia Application Packages (SQL 2017 technology awareness 794 statement fraud 1666-1668, 1671-1672, 1675, 1677, Telecommunication Alarm Sequence Analyzer 1680, 1682, 1684 (TASA) 1599-1600, 1606 Stepwise Discriminant Analysis (SDA) 92, 96, 98, telecommunications fraud detection 1597, 1684 100, 106 telecom networks 2274 stochastic optimization 379, 390 telehealth 882 stock market crashes 2250-2253, 2264-2265, 2268 telemedicine 881-882 stock market volatility 2250, 2252 telemedicine network model 885, 892 store-and-forward method 882 temporal data mining 588 stream mining 146, 152-154, 1629, 1643, 1962-1967, Temporally Annotated Sequences (TAS) 2030 1971-1972, 1975, 1977 temporal placement algorithm 1653-1655

xlvii Index

term frequency 537, 823, 1177, 1324, 1391-1392, Unified Vectorization (UV) 818, 825 1394, 1859 Uniform/Universal Resource Locator (URL) 2181 term frequency-inverse document frequency (tf-idf) unipolar bivariate 289 weighting 15, 823 Unit Decision Process (UDP) 1381, 1386 text mining 1391 unit of information 508 Text Retrieval Conference (TREC) 1, 1872 Unit Under Testing (UUT) 1943 textual classification 512 Universal Background Model (UBM) 266 textual vectorization 823 Universal Description Discovery and Integration thematic layers 2022 (UDDI) 2181 theoretical foundation 164, 794, 999, 1253, 1255, Universe of Discourse (UD) 1069 1264-1266, 1268, 1270, 2128 unknown base 480 Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) 1342 Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS) 338 third-party software 1255, 1358, 1360 unsupervised learning 43, 73, 95, 104, 144, 166, 169, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) 337 369, 828, 1104, 1113, 1118, 1326, 1615, 1669, Time Synchronous Averages (TSA) 400 1684, 2207 Topographical Proximity (TP) 963 upper approximation 52-53, 55-57, 61, 386 Total From Partial Classification (TFPC) 970, 972, 978 User-Generated Content (UGC) 1231-1232, 1252 Total Magnitude of Discriminant Functions (TMDF) 259 V traditional databases 515-516, 1423, 1880 traffic measurement 351 valley patterns 1634 traffic monitoring 2272, 2279-2280 Value-Based Decision-Making (VBDM) 418 Training Set (TS) 459 Vantage Point Tree (VP Tree) 452 trajectory data 960, 2021, 2025, 2029-2030, 2032- vector model 2025 2033, 2035-2037, 2042-2043, 2049, 2052, 2054- vector quantization 278, 735, 1102, 1111, 1114-1115, 2055, 2096, 2099, 2102, 2105, 2111-2112, 2114 1120, 1122, 1574, 1614, 1617 Trajectory Data Warehouses (TDW) 2025 Vector Space Model (VSM) 3, 15, 822, 1174 trajectory information 2034 Version Control Systems (VCSs) 1984 trajectory pattern 2030, 2049, 2053 Vienna Runtime Environment for Service-Oriented Transactional Data Model (TDM) 3, 9 Computing (VRESCo) 661 transaction fraud 1666-1667, 1671, 1677, 1681-1682 virtual telemedicine 884 transgenic plants 205, 213, 229 visual data mining 329, 650-651, 656, 1604, 1683, Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) 2141 1887, 2020 tree inclusion problem 868 visualization tools 329, 651, 1082, 1085, 1089-1090, tree pattern problem 868 1298, 1307, 1662, 1877 tree-pattern query 680 Triceps Skin Fold thickness (TSF) 607 W True Negative Rate (TNR) 2260 Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis True Negatives (TN) 1414, 2260 (WEKA) 36, 468, 1527, 2255 True Positive Rate (TPR) 542, 545-546, 780, 1057, water institution 408, 410-411, 421 1800, 2260-2261 Water Requirement Satisfaction Index (WRSI) 1636 True Positives (TP) 1413, 2260 WC clustering 142-143 tuple-independent database 673 Web 2.0 functionalities 1358 Twitter 1409 web-based decision support tools 1254 tweets 1410-1411 web based marketing systems 1254 two stage algorithms 972 web content mining 329-330 Web Coverage Service (WCS) 1716 U Web Feature Services (WFS) 1715 Ultra-Large-Scale (ULS) systems 756 WebGrid 1688, 1690, 1692-1693, 1695-1697, 1699, undifferentiated marketing 1166 1704, 1706-1708 Unified Business Model (UBM) 1982 Web Map Service (WMS) 1716-1717

xlviii Index

web mining 329 Web Ontology Language (OWL) 1442, 1721, 1724 X web search 1853 XML Document Warehouses (XDW) 1427 Web Services Description Language (WSDL) 1296, XML for Analysis (XMLA) 2016, 2020 1715, 1914, 2181 XML mining web structure mining 329-330 ontology based 625 web usage mining 320, 329-330, 867, 947, 950-951, semantic web 625 963, 965, 967, 1299, 1310, 1524, 1532-1533, XML mining algorithms 2 1930-1931, 1933 XML query patterns 860, 869, 873, 877-878 weight vector 15, 208, 538, 651, 1615, 2214 XML-Schema Definition (XSD) 3 Weka data mining 841, 1413, 1418 XQuery language 860, 865 Weka decision tree 1414 Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) Z 338 Zope Object Database (ZODB) 1982 Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) 2176 Zope Products 1985-1987 word graph 1393 workflow mining 663 World Health Organization (WHO) 892, 1132, 1545, 1557

xlix