New Members: Class of 2004

Class I: a role in establishing a mathe- sis of semi-simple groups and the Moses H. W. Chan matical theory for liquid crystals, spectral theory and cohomology Pennsylvania State University, Mathematical and for both the static and dynamic of their quotients. Work encom- University Park, PA Physical Sciences cases. Made contributions to the passes Lie theory, Riemannian Evan Pugh Professor of Physics. study of topological defects. Estab- geometry, differential equations, Conducted experimental studies Section 1: Mathematics lished the dynamical laws for automorphic forms, algebraic of phase transitions in quantum the Ginzburg-Landau vortices in geometry, mathematical physics, and classical fluids. Elucidated superconductivity and the topo- and quantum computing. Authored David Aldous the effects of reduced dimensions, logical solitons in superfluids. monographs on the cohomology restricted geometries, and impu- University of California, of discrete groups, representation rities on phase behavior. Dis- Berkeley, CA Yuri I. Manin theory, and invariant theory. covered the supersolid phase in Professor of Statistics. Leading Northwestern University, Evanston, helium. ½gure in discrete probability, the IL; Max Planck Institute for Mathe- Lai-Sang Young study of random processes on ½- matics, Bonn, Germany; Steklov New York University, Courant Paul A. Fleury nite structures. Made contribu- Mathematical Institute, Moscow, Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT tions in several areas of probabil- Russia New York, NY Dean of Engineering and Freder- ity theory: rates of convergence to Trustee Chair and Professor of Professor of Mathematics. Expert equilibrium in ½nite-state Markov ick William Beinecke Professor Mathematics; Scienti½c Member; in the theory of dynamical sys- of Engineering and Applied Phys- chains, Poisson approximations Professor. Solved many problems tems, particularly their ergodic in diverse contexts, probabilistic ics. Condensed matter physicist. in number theory and algebraic behavior. Explores the geometric Advanced the optical spectrosco- analysis of algorithms, and the geometry. Developed new tech- and statistical theories of chaotic analysis of coalescent processes. py of solids. Headed Sandia Na- niques in the theory of differen- dynamical systems, including mea- tional Laboratory and major de- tial equations and mathematical surements of dynamical complex- partments at Bell Laboratories. Leonard Gross physics. Recent research focuses ity, and the cumulative effects of Cornell University, Ithaca, NY on quantum cohomology and small random perturbations on Steven M. Girvin Professor of Mathematics. Contri- noncommutative geometry. the long-term behavior of dynam- Yale University, New Haven, CT buted to the interface between ical systems. mathematics and physics. De- Donald Anthony Martin Professor of Physics and Applied vised the rigorous framework for University of California, Yves Colin de Verdiere (fhm) Physics. Condensed matter theo- white noise analysis that is used Los Angeles, CA Université Joseph Fourier, rist with interests in many-body throughout probability and its ap- Grenoble, France problems, quantum phase transi- Professor of Mathematics and tions, low-dimensional systems, plications. Created and explored Philosophy. Leader in the devel- Professor of Mathematics. Ad- logarithmic Sobolev inequalities atomic physics, and quantum opment of axiomatic set theory. vanced spectral theory, semi- computation. Known for work and their relations to hypercon- Derived, with others, a de½nabil- classical analysis, and the combi- tractivity, tools now applied far on the quantum Hall effect, the ity theory for the continuum from natorics of graphs. Worked on superconductor-insulator transi- from their origins in constructive game-theoretic determinacy hy- the spectral theory of Laplace op- ½eld theories. tion, and the quantum mechan- potheses. Wrote proofs for stan- erators, providing the ½rst rigor- ics of electrical circuits. dard set theory of Borel determi- ous proof that the length spectrum Anatole Katok nacy and projective determinacy of a Riemannian manifold is a Jeffrey A. Harvey Pennsylvania State University, from large cardinals. Motivated spectral invariant of the Laplace University Park, PA and contributed to work on the as- operator. Proved fundamental University of Chicago, Chicago, IL Raymond N. Shibley Professor of sociated philosophical problems. theorems in the spectral theory Enrico Fermi Distinguished Ser- Mathematics. Leading researcher of graphs. vice Professor and Chair, Depart- in ergodic theory and theory of Gang Tian ment of Physics. Codiscoverer of dynamical systems. Shaped the Massachusetts Institute of Section 2: Physics the heterotic string, a milestone subject through work on dynam- Technology, Cambridge, MA in the quest for a uni½ed theory ics of billiards, construction of of the laws of nature. Brought Simons Professor of Mathematics. Guenter Ahlers clarity to the nature of and inter- ergodic transformation, and geo- Authority in the ½eld of differen- desic flows. Provided the basis for University of California, relations among string theories tial geometry and complex analy- Santa Barbara, CA through work on compacti½ca- this area of research with work sis, with contributions to Kähler- Professor of Physics. Experimen- tion, notably on orbifolds, and on the rigidity of commuting flow Einstein metrics, geometric equa- talist whose contributions include by elucidating the role of string actions. tions, and quantum cohomology. the elucidation of critical phenom- solitons and instantons. Recipient of the Alan Waterman ena near the superfluid transition Fang-Hua Lin Award (National Science Founda- in liquid helium-4 and near mag- Alfred H. Mueller New York University, Courant tion) and the Veblen Prize (Amer- netic phase transitions; the ½rst Institute of Mathematical Sciences, ican Mathematical Society). Columbia University, New York, NY experimental observation of cha- New York, NY Professor of Physics. Led the study otic behavior in a deterministic Silver Professor of Mathematics. Nolan R. Wallach of high-energy quantum chromo- system; and the analysis of pat- dynamics (qcd). Developed con- Solved many problems originat- University of California, terns in spatially extended non- qcd ing in physics or geometry and San Diego, CA cepts and techniques in that equilibrium systems. permitted precise quantitative pre- leading to nonlinear elliptic par- Professor of Mathematics. Con- tial differential equations. Played dictions and experimental tests, tributed to the harmonic analy- thereby helping to establish qcd

24 Bulletin of the American Academy Winter 2005 as the theory of the strong inter- electronic states in these quan- ods in classical and quantum sta- two international institutes and actions. Recipient of the Sakurai tum dots and established single tistical mechanics that elucidate chairs strategic panels for the nrc, Prize (American Physical Society). quantum dot spectroscopy. Dem- the origin of experimental obser- nasa, and esa. Has advocated onstrated applications of these vations. for the scienti½c productivity of Lisa Randall quantum dots ranging from stim- the Hubble Space Telescope. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA ulated emission and lasing, elec- Henry Frederick (Fritz) troluminescence, and biomedical III Professor of Physics. Particle the- Schaefer Charles L. Bennett imaging. orist whose work on the effect of University of Georgia, Athens, GA NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, the geometry of extra dimensions Greenbelt, MD Peter Beak Graham Perdue Professor of on the hierarchy puzzle influenced Chemistry; Director, Center for Senior Scientist for Experimen- thinking about particle physics, University of Illinois at Urbana- Computational Quantum Chem- tal Cosmology. As pi for nasa’s space, and gravity and brought Champaign, Urbana, IL istry. Applied methods of quan- Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy phenomenology and string theo- James R. Eiszner Endowed Chair tum chemistry to solve problems Probe, led the team that mapped ry closer together. Contributed in Chemistry. Made discoveries of interest to general chemists. the cosmic microwave back- to supersymmetry breaking and and provided unifying concepts Predicted the structure of methy- ground sky, determined the age the Standard Model. in organic chemistry. Established lene. Current research focuses on of the universe, the cosmological thermodynamic differences for a the silicon-carbon double bond. constant, the dark and baryonic Vladimir Borisovich number of isomeric systems. Has matter, and the Hubble constant. nasa Braginsky (fhm) been influential in the design and Richard Palmer Van Duyne On earlier Cosmic Back- execution of synthetic strategies. ground Explorer, measured the Moscow State University, Northwestern University, cosmic spectrum and discovered Moscow, Russia Evanston, IL Malcolm Harold Chisholm temperature variations. Professor of Physics. Formulated Charles E. and Emma H. Morri- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH the concept of standard quantum son Professor of Chemistry. Ac- Claude R. Canizares limits on high-precision measure- Distinguished Professor of Math- complishments include the dis- ments that use conventional tech- ematical and Physical Sciences. covery, development, and appli- Massachusetts Institute of niques, and invented quantum Made contributions to the devel- cation of surface-enhanced Raman Technology, Cambridge, MA nondemolition methods to cir- opment of inorganic, organometal- spectroscopy (sers) and the de- Bruno Rossi Professor of Experi- cumvent these limits. Developed lic, and materials chemistry. Pio- velopment of nanosphere lithog- mental Physics and Associate Pro- technology for high-precision neered the use of π-donor ligands raphy (nsl) and its use in nano- vost. Directed the development measurements including gravita- such as amides and alkoxides and particle optics. Advanced all areas of high-resolution spectrometers tional-wave detection and carried explored the use of metal-metal of science involving molecules for the Einstein and Chandra X- out experimental tests of the multiple bonds as reactive func- adsorbed on surfaces and nano- ray observatories and devised the equivalence principle and other tional groups. particles. theoretical and practical basis for fundamental laws of physics. X-ray diagnostics of hot plasmas Bernard Lucas Feringa (fhm) in celestial objects. Served as Di- rector of the mit Center for Space Eric N. Jacobsen University of Groningen, Section 3: Chemistry Research (1990–2002) and as Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Groningen, The Netherlands Chairman of the Space Studies Sheldon Emory Professor of A. Paul Alivisatos Professor of Chemistry. Devised Board of the National Academy Chemistry. Developed methods Lawrence Berkeley National Labo- the ½rst chiroptical molecular of Sciences (1994–2000). for the preparation of epoxides ratory; University of California, switch and the ½rst light-driven in enantiomerically pure form Berkeley, CA unidirectional rotary molecular R. Lawrence Edwards utilizing conceptually innovative motor in studies on functional Chancellor’s Professor of Chem- approaches. Conceived the Mn nanosystems. Developed the ½rst University of Minnesota, istry and Materials Science. Pio- (Salen) epoxidation method that catalytic enantioselective 1,4-ad- Minneapolis, MN neered the development of the is widely used in academia and dition of organometallic reagents Distinguished McKnight Univer- physical chemistry of semicon- industry. Subsequent work in- with absolute stereocontrol using sity Professor. Primarily respon- ductor nanocrystals. Elucidated volving hydrolytic kinetic reso- a novel class of chiral monoden- sible for the development and their structural, thermodynamic, lution led to myriad applications tate phosphoramidite ligands. application of thermal ionization optical, and electrical character- and mechanistic insights. measurement of precise 230Th ages istics as a function of particle size. to the timing and causes of Qua- Developed synthetic procedures Peter Jacob Rossky Section 4: Astronomy ternary climatic and oceanograph- to achieve size control and dem- ic changes. Pioneered Sr/Ca and onstrated the ½rst practical appli- University of Texas at Austin, (including Astrophysics) Austin, TX U/Ca thermometry and uranium- cations of these new materials. and Earth Sciences thorium-protoactinium dating Marvin K. Collie-Welch Regents of carbonates, increasing under- Chair in Chemistry, Professor of Moungi Gabriel Bawendi Steven V. W. Beckwith standing of past climate change Chemical Engineering, and Di- Massachusetts Institute of Space Telescope Science Institute, and environmental problems. rector, Institute for Theoretical Technology, Cambridge, MA Baltimore, MD Chemistry. Pioneered the theo- Professor of Chemistry. Pioneer retical atomistic description of Director. Leading observational Andrea Ghez in the organometallic synthesis chemical and biomolecular struc- astronomer in the areas of star University of California, and physical characterization of ture, reaction dynamics, and elec- formation, circumstellar disks, Los Angeles, CA semiconductor materials in the tronic processes in a liquid phase molecular emission, and infrared Professor of Astronomy. Devel- nanometer size range (quantum environment. Created new meth- detectors and techniques. Directs oped high-spatial resolution im- dots). Elucidated the structure of Bulletin of the American Academy Winter 2005 25 aging techniques to study star Arden L. Bement, Jr. Sciences. Contributions in re- putational geometry in theoretical formation. Established the exis- National Institute of Standards and search include designs for “intel- computer science. Solved many tence of a supermassive black Technology, Gaithersburg, MD ligent highways,” new algorithms long-standing questions in com- hole at the center of our galaxy Director. Acting Director, Nation- for air traf½c control, autonomous putational geometry, including and determined its mass, posi- al Science Foundation. Conducted software for rotary aircraft, and optimal-time algorithms for sim- tion, and motion with unprece- research on radiation effects in computer-assisted surgery. Direc- ple polygon triangulation, line dented accuracy. tor of the Information Technolo- segment intersection, and higher- materials, high-temperature semi- darpa conductors, and the processing- gy Of½ce of (1999–2001). dimensional convex hull. Donald A. Gurnett structure-property interrelation- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA ships in structural materials and Subra Suresh James H. Clark Roy J. Carver/James A. Van Allen thin-½lm devices. Promoted nu- Massachusetts Institute of Shutterfly Corporation, Professor of Physics. Expert in the clear fuel management, reactor Technology, Cambridge, MA Redwood City, CA observation and interpretation of safeguards, and nuclear nonpro- Ford Professor of Engineering and Chairman. Computer scientist electromagnetic and plasma wave liferation. Head, Department of Materials and entrepreneur. Cofounded phenomena of Earth, Jupiter, Sat- Science and Engineering. Research Silicon Graphics, Inc. (sgi) and urn, Uranus, and Neptune and the Mary Cunningham Boyce has advanced materials science Netscape. Developed the Geom- heliospheric medium. Designed and engineering, in particular the etry Engine Chip, a central ele- Massachusetts Institute of sgi instruments to gather informa- Technology, Cambridge, MA study of mechanical response of ment of ’s technology. tion on these phenomena during Kendall Family Professor of Me- structural and functional materi- spacecraft missions, including the chanical Engineering. Authority als. Author of Fatigue of Materials Barbara J. Grosz Cassini mission orbiting Saturn on the mechanical behavior of and coauthor of Thin Film Mate- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA and the Mars Express mission. rials: Stress, Defect Formation, and polymeric materials. Developed Higgins Professor of Natural Sci- Surface Evolution. physical models at the level of mi- ences; Dean of Science, Radcliffe Lyman Alexander Page, Jr. crostructure for large strain de- fhm Institute for Advanced Studies. Princeton University, Princeton, NJ formation and failure of polymers Herbert Gleiter ( ) Known for contributions in the Professor of Physics. Developed that de½ne the state of the ½eld. Institute of Nanotechnology, ½elds of natural language pro- new techniques to study the uni- Leads an interdepartmental re- Karlsruhe, Germany cessing and multi-agent collabo- verse through the cosmic back- search group that is reshaping Director. Performed pioneering ration, and for addressing funda- ground radiation (cmb). Formu- the role of elastomers, polymers, work on the synthesis of nano- mental problems in modeling lated experiments that measured polymer blends, and nanocom- crystalline materials. Contribu- collaborative activity. Pioneered the ½rst peak in the cmb angular posites as engineering materials. tions have led to major technolog- the rigorous study of the struc- power spectrum, providing a de- ical innovations, including the ture of discourse. termination of the total matter Murray S. Daw new ½eld of nanostructured ma- density in our universe. Founding terials. In the 1980s introduced Takeo Kanade nasa Clemson University, Clemson, SC member of ’s Wilkinson R. A. Bowen Professor of Physics. the idea of synthesizing materi- Carnegie Mellon University, Microwave Anisotropy Probe Developed three techniques in als with nanocrystalline (_< 100 Pittsburgh, PA Project. nm) grain size to achieve superi- materials theory: the Embedded U. A. and Helen Whitaker Uni- or and novel properties. Atom Method, the Variational versity Professor of Computer Maria T. Zuber Density Matrix Method, and the Science and Robotics. Director, Massachusetts Institute of Anthony James Merrill Relevant Rate Extraction Theory. fhm the Robotics Institute at Carnegie Technology, Cambridge, MA Work has especially bene½ted Spencer ( ) Mellon University (1992–2001). E. A. Griswold Professor of Geo- simulations of defects in metals. University of Nottingham, Robotics researcher whose work physics. Leader in the study of Nottingham, United Kingdom spans many areas, including ma- planetary interior structure and Mark E. Dean Emeritus Professor of Theoretical nipulators, sensors, computer vi- deformation. Led the determina- International Business Machines Mechanics. Devised continuum- sion, and multimedia. Advanced tion of the ½rst high-resolution Corporation, Tucson, AZ mechanical theories for rigid- the development of direct-drive structural models for the Moon, ibm Fellow and Vice President, plastic and other ½ber-reinforced manipulators, automated face rec- Mars, and the asteroid Eros, and Storage Technology. Contribu- materials and for the flow of gran- ognition, the most popular opti- developed a suite of quantitative tions include research and appli- ular materials and their implica- cal flow algorithm, and a 3-D con- models for the interpretation of cation of systems technologies tions. Contributed to the build- struction method from multiple planetary deformational features. spanning circuits to operating en- ing of the theoretical mechanics images. vironments. Research and devel- school at the University of Nott- Section 5: Engineering opment accomplishments include ingham. Edward D. Lazowska Sciences and Technologies high-performance microproces- University of Washington, sors, systems and software, cellu- Section 6: Computer Sci- Seattle, WA lar systems structure (Blue Gene), Bill & Melinda Gates Chair in Lilia A. Abron and digital visualization. ences (including Arti½cial Computer Science & Engineering. Peer Consultants, Rockville, MD Intelligence and Informa- Known for the design, imple- ceo President and . Advanced Sosale Shankara Sastry tion Technologies) mentation, and analysis of high- environmental engineering and University of California, Berkeley, CA performance computing and com- sustainable design through work nec munication systems. Chaired nsf Distinguished Professor of Bernard Chazelle in both academia and the private Electrical Engineering and Com- Advisory Committee for Com- sector. puter Sciences and Bioengineer- Princeton University, Princeton, NJ puter and Information Science ing; Chair, Department of Elec- Professor of Computer Science. and Engineering and cochaired trical Engineering and Computer Helped establish the ½eld of com- President’s Information Tech- nology Advisory Committee. 26 Bulletin of the American Academy Winter 2005 James L. Massey Carl Frieden Graham C. Walker ulatory roles of the Snf1 protein kinase and its human homologue, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Washington University School of Massachusetts Institute of ampk (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland; Lund Medicine, St. Louis, MO Technology, Cambridge, MA , in the metabolic response University, Lund, Sweden Wittcoff Professor and Head, De- American Cancer Society Research to glucose signals. Professor Emeritus of Digital Sys- partment of Biochemistry and Professor; Howard Hughes Med- tems Engineering; Adjunct Pro- Molecular Biophysics. Contribut- ical Institute Professor. Elucidat- Scott David Emr fessor of Information Technology. ed to the ½elds of enzyme kinet- ed how cells respond to dna University of California School of Contributed to information the- ics and mechanisms, regulatory damage by inducing expression Medicine, San Diego, CA ory and to cryptography. Past enzymes, actin polymerization, of repair pathway genes. Carried Professor of Cellular and Molec- president of the ieee Information and protein folding. Developed out pathbreaking work on the ular Medicine; Investigator, How- Theory Society and the Interna- the concept of hysteretic enzymes biochemistry of plant-microbe ard Hughes Medical Institute. tional Association for Cryptologic and the use of fluorine nmr for signaling. First to establish a role for phos- Research. studying protein folding. Devised phoinositide lipids in the spatial programs for analyzing complete Robert Hugh Waterston and temporal control of mem- Henry Samueli time courses of enzymatic reac- University of Washington, brane traf½cking pathways, to Broadcom Corporation, Irvine, CA tions. Seattle, WA identify numerous effector mol- ecules (that contain fyve and Cofounder, Chairman, and Chief Professor and William Gates III px Technical Of½cer. Innovator in Paul Lawrence Modrich Endowed Chair of Genome Sci- domains) that directly bind broadband communications. Re- Duke University Medical Center, ences. Brought whole-genome se- the lipid PtdIns(3) P, and to iden- tify the molecular machinery sponsible for all research and de- Durham, NC quencing of metazoan organisms escrt velopment activities of Broadcom, James B. Duke Professor of Bio- to reality through leadership of ( complexes) required for receptor down-regulation and a leading manufacturer of semi- chemistry; Investigator, Howard the project to sequence the ge- hiv conductor solutions for broad- Hughes Medical Institute. Estab- nome of the nematode Caenorhab- viral binding. band applications. lished the molecular mechanism ditis elegans. Played a central role by which the dna mismatch re- in the determination, analysis, and Andrew Z. Fire Class II: Biological pair system prevents mutations. public release of the sequences Stanford University, Stanford, CA Assigned activities to bacterial of the human, mouse, and other Professor of Pathology and Ge- Sciences and human mismatch repair pro- genomes. netics. Participated in develop- teins and demonstrated that tu- ing methods to reintroduce genes Section 1: Biochemistry mor cells derived from patients Section 2: Cellular and into C. elegans and to inactivate with hereditary nonpolyposis genes using double-stranded rna. and Molecular Biology colon cancer are defective in this Developmental Biology, Uses these methods to address reaction. Microbiology, and Im- the roles of double-stranded rna Tania A. Baker and other unique nucleic acid Massachusetts Institute of Linda Lea Randall munology (including structures in animal development Technology, Cambridge, MA University of Missouri-Columbia, Genetics) and immunity. Whitehead Professor of Biology; Columbia, MO Donald Emil Ganem Investigator, Howard Hughes Professor and Wurdack Chair of Gary G. Borisy Medical Institute. Leader in bio- Biochemistry. Contributed to the University of California, Northwestern University Feinberg chemical studies of dna trans- understanding of protein export San Francisco, CA School of Medicine, Chicago, IL position, the function of disas- and molecular chaperones. Laid Professor of Microbiology and Leslie B. Arey Professor of Cell sembly chaperones, and energy- the foundations for biochemical Immunology; Investigator, How- and Molecular Biology. Advanced dependent protein degradation. study of bacterial protein export, ard Hughes Medical Institute. knowledge of how cells organize Advanced understanding of fun- discovered that modulation of Made contributions to the under- their cytoplasm. Participated in damental life processes ranging protein folding was crucial for standing of the hepatitis B virus the discovery of tubulin, elucidat- from viral replication to the pro- export, demonstrated the central infection and to the study of epi- ed microtubule dynamics, intro- teolytic resculpting of the cellu- role of molecular chaperones, and demiology, replication, and path- duced novel techniques to analyze lar proteome. established the importance of ogenesis of the virus that causes cytoskeletal function in living kinetic partitioning. Kaposi’s sarcoma, one of the cells, dissected the mechanism Donald Max Engelman leading tumors in patients with of chromosome movement, and Aziz Sancar aids. Yale University, New Haven, CT furthered understanding of the Eugene Higgins Professor of Mo- University of North Carolina, supramolecular basis of the actin lecular Biophysics and Biochem- Chapel Hill, NC machinery in cell motility. Leonard P. Guarente istry. Contributed to two areas Kenan Professor of Biochemistry Massachusetts Institute of of physical biochemistry: the use and Biophysics. Authority in the Marian B. Carlson Technology, Cambridge, MA of neutron scattering to establish ½eld of dna repair. Elucidated Columbia University College of Phy- Novartis Professor of Biology. the protein arrangement in the the properties and mechanisms sicians and Surgeons, New York, NY Made important discoveries in small ribosomal subunit; and of the enzymes responsible for transcriptional regulation using nmr Professor of Genetics and Micro- the use of computational, , three different repair systems. yeast. Discovered that the gene biology. Leader in the ½eld of X-ray scattering, and protein en- Isolated a protein that couples sir2 regulates the life span of yeast gene regulation. Identi½ed gineering methods to study the transcription and repair. yeast cells and roundworms. the roles of the swi-snf chro- folding, assembly, and structure Work contributes to the molec- matin remodeling complex in of membrane proteins. ular study of aging. transcriptional regulation. Made discoveries elucidating global reg-

Bulletin of the American Academy Winter 2005 27 Erin K. O’Shea Section 3: Neurosciences, organ, including novel multigene ry of the lamprey with respect to University of California, families encoding candidate pher- connectivity, neurophysiology, San Francisco, CA Cognitive Sciences, and omone receptors. Used molecu- biophysics, pharmacology, and Professor of Biochemistry and Behavioral Biology lar and genetic tools to analyze neural modeling. Biophysics; Assistant Investiga- the coding of pheromone signals in the mammalian brain and the fhm tor, Howard Hughes Medical In- Huda Akil Richard G. M. Morris ( ) stitute. Made breakthroughs in speci½city of the pheromone re- University of Edinburgh, University of Michigan, sponse leading to gender discrim- the regulation of gene expression. Ann Arbor, MI Edinburgh, United Kingdom First determined the mechanism ination and aggression. Gardner Quarton Distinguished Professor of Neuroscience. Pio- of a coiled-coil transcription fac- University Professor of Neuro- neered the study of spatial mem- tor. Demonstrated how speci½c Susan Hock½eld science and Psychiatry and Co- ory in rodents by devising a nav- phosphorylation of a transcrip- Massachusetts Institute of Director and Senior Research Sci- igational water maze (the Morris tion factor determines its locali- Technology, Cambridge, MA entist, Mental Health Research maze). Used this and other meth- zation and regulatory activity and Institute. Made discoveries in the President. Formerly William Ed- ods to illuminate the role of the how inositol polyphosphates neurobiology of behavior, espe- ward Gilbert Professor of Neuro- hippocampus in memory. Dis- recruit chromatin remodeling nmda cially in the molecular mecha- biology and Provost, Yale Univer- covered the role of re- factors. nisms underlying responsiveness sity. Introduced powerful meth- ceptors in spatial learning. to stress and pain. Demonstrated ods for producing monoclonal Douglas C. Wallace a role for endorphins in addiction antibodies. Used this methodol- Section 4: Evolutionary University of California, Irvine, CA and in related studies on the neu- ogy to discover some of the ½rst Donald Bren Professor of Bio- roendocrinology of anxiety and cell-type molecular markers, which and Population Biology logical Sciences and Molecular depression. Advanced understand- have enriched understanding of and Ecology Medicine. Pioneer in the study ing of emotionality and human brain development and plasticity. dna of human mitochondrial behavioral dysfunction. Ted J. Case (mtdna) genetics. De½ned the Steven E. Hyman University of California, principles of mtdna inheritance, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Mark F. Bear San Diego, CA surveyed global mtdna variation Professor of Neurobiology and Massachusetts Institute of Professor of Biology. Ecologist permitting reconstruction of an- Technology, Cambridge, MA Provost. Scientist at the intersec- cient human origins and migra- known both for empirical and Picower Professor of Neuroscience; tion of molecular neurobiology tion, discovered the ½rst inherited theoretical work, including stud- Investigator, Howard Hughes and psychiatry. Served as Direc- mtdna disease, and demonstrat- ies of the mechanisms of species Medical Institute. Contributed to tor of Psychiatry Research at Mas- ed the importance of mtdna invasions. Developed theories of neuroscience by elucidating the sachusetts General Hospital and variation in aging and degenera- alternative stable states in com- synaptic and molecular mecha- as the ½rst faculty Director of tive diseases. munities. De½ned concepts and nisms of plasticity in the cerebral Harvard’s interfaculty initiative on Mind/Brain/Behavior. Previ- methods for measuring higher- fhm cortex. Demonstrated that exci- order (multispecies) interactions. Anthony James Pawson ( ) tatory synapses throughout the ously Director of the National Institute of Mental Health. Developed theories of spatial Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, mammalian cerebral cortex are coevolution and continental bio- Toronto, Canada bidirectionally modi½able, showed geography. University Professor of Medical how these modi½cations can be Peter L. Strick Genetics and Microbiology. Fun- reliably induced, and furthered University of Pittsburgh, Bernd Heinrich damentally changed the view of understanding of the underlying Pittsburgh, PA University of Vermont, cellular regulation and signal molecular mechanisms. va Senior Research Career Scien- Burlington, VT transduction. Discovered the Src tist, Professor of Neurobiology, Emeritus Professor of Biology. homology 2 domain and showed Thomas James Carew and Co-Director, Center for the Research biologist and nature that tyrosine kinases exert effects University of California, Irvine, CA Neural Basis of Cognition. Author- through modular protein-protein writer. Pioneered studies of in- Bren Professor and Chair of Neu- ity on brain circuitry and motor interactions. Went on to establish sect thermoregulation and polli- robiology and Behavior. Leading behavior. Unraveled the matrix that interaction domains provide nation energetics. Author of Bum- neuroscientist investigating the of interconnections that forms the a general paradigm through which blebee Economics, Ravens in Winter, cellular neurobiology of learning basis of the brain’s motor systems cells are organized. and The Hot-blooded Insects. and memory. Extensive research and provided a framework for understanding the cognitive con- fhm on neuroplasticity in Aplysia re- Bruce R. Levin Masatoshi Takeichi ( ) vealed synaptic mechanisms me- trol of normal movement and Emory University, Atlanta, GA RIKEN Center for Developmental diating several forms of memory, movement disorders. Served as Biology, Kobe, Japan including habituation, sensitiza- Editor in Chief of the Journal of Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor Professor and Director. Discov- tion, and associative learning, as Neurophysiology. of Biology. Pioneer in the study of the population biology and evolu- ered that cell-cell adhesion is me- well as time-dependent phases of fhm diated by cadherins, transmem- synaptic facilitation and memory. Sten Grillner ( ) tion of bacteria and their viruses brane surface proteins that medi- Karolinska Institute, and plasmid. Elucidated resource- ate homotypic binding between Catherine Dulac Stockholm, Sweden based competition, host-parasite coevolution, genetic diversity, and neighboring cells. Demonstrated Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Professor of Neurophysiology that a code exists such that cells the genetic structure of bacterial Professor of Molecular and Cellu- and Behavior. Made fundamen- with like cadherins attach to each populations. Current research in- lar Biology; Investigator, Howard tal discoveries in the neurophys- other. iology of the motor function of cludes theoretical and experimen- Hughes Medical Institute. Identi- tal studies of the evolution of vir- ½ed essential signaling compo- the spinal cord. Elucidated the locomotion-related spinal circuit- ulence in microparasites, and the nents of the murine vomeronasal epidemiology and within-host 28 Bulletin of the American Academy Winter 2005 population and evolutionary dy- Bess B. Ward that molecular biology could be by the independent discovery of hiv namics of bacterial infections, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ applied to the study of human dis- and earlier xenotropic viruses, antibiotic treatment, antibiotic Professor of Geosciences. Biolog- ease. Made contributions to the that yielded crucial information resistance and its control. ½elds of cell disorders, gene reg- on virus-host cell interactions. ical oceanographer whose work cd unites the ½elds of microbiology ulation, and membrane biology. Recognized novel 8+ cell non- Michael John Novacek cytotoxic anti-hiv responses and geochemistry. Developed hiv American Museum of Natural immunological and molecular Charles J. Epstein and identi½ed natural anti- History, New York, NY probes for quanti½cation of func- University of California, factors. Discoveries have far- reaching importance for treat- Senior Vice President, Provost of tionally related organisms and San Francisco, CA ment and vaccine development. Science, and Curator of Paleontol- coupled these with autoradio- Professor of Pediatrics and Chief, ogy. Advanced understanding of graphic and isotopic analyses to Division of Medical Genetics. Con- mammalian evolution and rela- link the oceanic population to ducted research on the develop- Joseph Roy Nevins tionships using diverse evidence global reaction rates, forcing ma- ment of animal models for study- Duke University Medical Center, ranging from fossils to genes. jor revisions in understanding ing the pathogenesis of Down’s Durham, NC Made discoveries in the ½eld that the marine nitrogen cycle. syndrome and the genetic control James B. Duke Professor and have fundamentally changed views of oxygen-free radical metabolism. Chairman of Molecular Genetics of vertebrate evolution at key in- Bryan C. Clarke (fhm) Played a leading role in guiding and Microbiology; Director, Duke tervals. Noted author and spokes- University of Nottingham, the development of medical ge- Center for Genome Technology; person for the natural sciences. Nottingham, United Kingdom netics into a recognized and inde- Investigator, Howard Hughes Med- Professor Emeritus of Genetics. pendent medical specialty and in ical Institute. Elucidated mecha- Stuart L. Pimm Demonstrated the widespread shaping many of its research and nisms that regulate cell prolifer- Duke University, Durham, NC occurrence and importance of clinical institutions. President- ation and that contribute to can- elect, American College of Med- cer development. Discovered the Doris Duke Chair of Conservation frequency-dependent selection ical Genetics. E2F transcription factor, discov- Ecology. Delineated structures in nature. Helped to explain such ered that E2F is a functional part- of ecological food webs, the rea- diverse phenomena as geograph- ner with the retinoblastoma tu- sons why only certain invading ical variation in gene frequencies, Jeffrey Ivan Gordon mor suppressor, and demonstrat- species succeed and become pests. evolutionary dynamics of host- Washington University School of ed the role of the Rb-E2F path- Elucidated factors determining parasite interactions, speciation Medicine, St. Louis, MO way in the control of cell-cycle expected extinction times for mechanisms in snails, and the Dr. Robert J. Glaser Distinguished progression. plant and animal populations. maintenance of genetic variation University Professor and Head of Applied these insights to prob- in human populations. Molecular Biology and Pharmacol- lems of conservation biology. ogy. Conducts research in gastro- Thalia Papayannopoulou Rodolfo Dirzo (fhm) intestinal development. Devised University of Washington, Loren H. Rieseberg Universidad Nacional Autónoma de mouse models that have provid- Seattle, WA Indiana University, Bloomington, IN México, Mexico City, Mexico ed insight into stem cell biology, Professor of Hematology. Con- epithelial cell renewal, and the ducts research in hematology with Class of ’54 Professor of Biology. Professor of Ecology. Leading molecular foundations of symbi- an emphasis on stem cell biology. Merged modern tools of genome tropical forest ecologist and con- otic host-bacterial relationships Improved understanding of the analysis with classic and inno- servation biologist. Studied the in the gut. Discovered and char- mechanisms of stem cell mobi- vative approaches in ecology to dynamics of tropical forests and acterized the enzyme responsi- lization and stem cell homing. demonstrate the relevance of hy- the evolution of plant-animal in- ble for protein N-myristoylation Showed (with George Stamato- bridization and chromosomal re- teractions. Conducted classical and its biological signi½cance. yannopoulos) that fetal hemo- arrangements in evolution. Pio- experimental studies on the sig- globin can be induced by pertur- neered the application of genetic ni½cance to the ecosystem of bations of erythropoiesis by cyto- map-based approaches to natural the loss of large herbivores from James Larry Jameson toxic drugs, providing the basis populations and developed wild tropical forests. Documented Northwestern University Feinberg for the introduction of cytotoxic sunflowers into a leading plant the causes and rates of tropical School of Medicine, Chicago, IL drug treatment in hemoglobino- model for studies of speciation. deforestation. Irving S. Cutter Professor and Chair pathies. of Medicine. Unraveled steps in Gene E. Robinson the complex genetic cascade that Section 5: Medical Sci- George Stamatoyannopoulos University of Illinois at Urbana- governs reproduction and thyroid University of Washington, Champaign, Urbana, IL ences (including Physiol- hormone action through studies of naturally occurring mutations Seattle, WA G. William Arends Professor of ogy and Pharmacology), in human genes. Research links Professor of Medicine (Medical Integrative Biology and Director Clinical Medicine, and the functional effects of muta- Genetics) and Genome Sciences. of the Neuroscience Program. tions with clinical and molecular Conducts research in molecular Entomologist. Elucidated the en- Public Health pathophysiology, leading to a new hematology, including the cellu- docrine, neural, and genetic reg- understanding of human endo- lar control of hemoglobin switch- ulation of behavior in social in- Edward J. Benz, Jr. crine development and hormone ing. Showed (with Thalia Papa- sects at both the individual and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, action. yannopoulou) that fetal hemo- colony levels. Advanced under- Boston, MA globin can be induced by pertur- standing of the role of genes, hor- President and ceo. Academic he- bations of erythropoiesis by cyto- mones, and neurochemicals in Jay A. Levy matologist whose demonstration toxic drugs, providing the basis the evolution of social behavior. University of California, that Cooley’s Anemia is due to a San Francisco, CA for the introduction of cytotoxic de½ciency of beta globin messen- drug treatment in hemoglobino- Professor of Medicine. Conducted ger rna was the ½rst veri½cation pathies. retrovirus research, highlighted

Bulletin of the American Academy Winter 2005 29 George D. Yancopoulos Dedre Gentner theoretical and empirical studies Yu Xie Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Northwestern University, of the distinction between intrin- University of Michigan, Tarrytown, NY Evanston, IL sic and extrinsic motivation and Ann Arbor, MI President, Research Laboratories, Professor of Psychology, Educa- of their educational effects. Ap- Otis Dudley Duncan Professor and Chief Scienti½c Of½cer. Elu- tion, and Social Policy, and Direc- plies this research to identify the of Sociology and Statistics; Re- cidated and biologically charac- tor of the Cognitive Science Pro- most effective motivational and search Professor, Institute for So- terized several families of cytokine gram. Research has focused on instructional techniques of expert cial Research. Developed statis- and tyrosine kinase receptors and analogy and similarity in learn- tutors. tical tools for comparative analy- their ligands, and demonstrated ing and reasoning. Structure- sis of social mobility and human their roles in regulating neural, mapping theory led to insights on Donald G. Saari fertility. Deepened understand- muscular, and vascular develop- the role of relations in conceptu- University of California, Irvine, CA ing of gender differences in sci- ment. Originated the technique al processing and to a computa- Distinguished Professor of Eco- ence careers, socioeconomic out- of epitope tagging to de½ne re- tional model of similarity. Con- nomics and Mathematics; Direc- comes of Asian Americans, and ceptor complex composition and tributions include work on men- tor, Institute for Mathematical social and economic inequality provided unifying concepts for tal models and on the develop- Behavioral Sciences. Conducted in China. the understanding of receptor ment of cognition and language. analysis of dynamical systems of mediated signaling. classical models of economic equi- Section 2: Economics David C. Grove librium, which showed noncon- Lucio Luzzatto (fhm) vergence, and of the Newtonian University of Florida, Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee Instituto Nazionale per la Ricerca Gainesville, FL n-body systems, which showed Massachusetts Institute of sul Cancro (IST), Genova, Italy collision orbits are improbable. Professor of Anthropology. Au- Technology, Cambridge, MA Scienti½c Director. Made contri- thority on the period when Mex- Created geometric description to Professor of Economics; Director, butions to the understanding of ican cultures ½rst displayed he- explain voting paradox. Poverty Action Lab. Applied eco- glucose-6-phosphate dehydro- reditary inequality and chiefly nomic theorist with broad inter- genase (g6pd) de½ciency. Estab- power. Directed excavations on Norbert Schwarz ests. Made contributions to social lished its role in resistance to ma- the Mexican Altiplano, temper- University of Michigan, learning in games, economic anal- laria, cloned the cdna and the ate Morelos, and the Veracruz Ann Arbor, MI ysis of income and wealth distri- gene, and characterized several Coast that furthered understand- Research Professor, Institute for bution, and the application of mutations causing the de½ciency. ing of lowland-highland hetero- Social Research; Professor of Psy- contract theory to a range of is- Using g6pd as a marker, demon- geneity and interaction. chology; Professor of Marketing. sues involving developing econo- strated the clonal origin of parox- Conducted studies of judgment, mies. Recent work helped estab- ysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria Michael Hechter revealing biases in information lish development economics as a (pnh) and pioneered studies of University of Washington, processing and decision-making. sub½eld within applied economics. its genetic basis. Seattle, WA Research interests focus on the interplay of feeling and thinking, Professor of Sociology. Developed Jeremy Israel Bulow the role of conversational process- Class III: Social new theoretical approaches to Stanford University, Stanford, CA questions in comparative social es in reasoning, and the nature Richard Stepp Professor of Eco- Sciences history and the origins of values of mental construal processes in nomics, Graduate School of Busi- and norms. Author of Internal judgment. ness. Developed the ½rst formal Section 1: Social Relations Colonialism: The Celtic Fringe in model of durable goods and char- British National Development, Prin- Robert James Sharer (Anthropology, Archaeol- acterized ½rms’ interactions ciples of Group Solidarity, and Con- University of Pennsylvania, through “strategic substitutes ogy, Sociology, Social taining Nationalism. Philadelphia, PA and complements” (with Geana- and Developmental Shoemaker Professor of Anthro- koplos and Klemperer). Made Roger E. Kasperson pology. Contributor to new mod- Psychology, Education, contributions to sovereign debt Stockholm Environment Institute, els of ancient Maya civilization, (with Rogoff), auction theory Demography, Geography) Stockholm, Sweden particularly in the area of second- (with Roberts and Klemperer), Executive Director. Geographer. ary state formation. Leader in tax and labor policy (with Sum- Marilynn B. Brewer Extended the scienti½c assess- combining excavation data with mers), and pension theory. ment of risk into the social realm, hieroglyphic writing to illuminate Ohio State University, the political and ritual behaviors Columbus, OH compared its use in national cul- a d Avner Greif tures and multinational corpo- of Maya rulers from . . 400– Professor of Psychology. Field Stanford University, Stanford, CA rations, created a theory for the 900. Author of The Ancient Maya. work established that ethnocen- Bowman Family Professor in the social ampli½cation and attenua- trism yields negative judgments Humanities and Sciences. Expert tion of risk, analyzed the moral Rubie S. Watson about particular characteristics on European economic history, bases of technological choice, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA of outgroups, while evaluation of institutional economics and de- assessed regional environmental ingroups tends to be uniformly Curator of Comparative Ethnol- velopment. Applied game theory degradation. positive. Conducted experiments ogy. Specialist on Chinese mar- and historical analysis in the study that indicated that intergroup dis- riage ceremonies. Published on of the development of economic crimination is driven primarily Mark R. Lepper Chinese women’s patterns of institutions, their interrelations by ingroup favoritism rather than Stanford University, Stanford, CA culture and lineage organization with political, social, and cultur- outgroup derogation. Professor and Chair of Psychology. among Cantonese villagers. At the al factors, and their impact on Made contributions to the under- Peabody Museum, reintroduced economic growth. standing of social-psychological material culture into mainstream aspects of motivation. Conducted sociocultural anthropology. 30 Bulletin of the American Academy Winter 2005 Maurice Obstfeld empirical work on a variety of uty assistant to President Clinton Section 4: Law (includ- problems. Work encompasses for domestic policy. University of California, Berkeley, CA ing the Practice of Law) Class of 1958 Professor of Econom- monetary theory, business-cycle ics. Contributed to the modern models, inventory models, hous- Nancy Lipton Rosenblum theory of the interactions of em- ing markets with ½xed costs, the- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Philip Chase Bobbitt oretical and empirical analysis of ployment, output, interest rates, Senator Joseph Clark Professor University of Texas Law School, commodities markets, and social price levels, and exchange rates of Ethics in Politics and Govern- Austin, TX security. among countries in a global econ- ment. Leading scholar in politi- A. W. Walker Centennial Chair omy. Most recent work considers cal theory in both the historical in Law. Contributed to the con- the role of capital flows in the Section 3: Political and analytic mode. Author of ceptualization of American con- major fluctuations experienced by Bentham’s Theory of the Modern stitutional decision-making, to a number of developing countries. Science, International State, Another Liberalism, and the understanding of the devel- Relations, and Public Membership and Morals. opment of the modern state, and Christina Romer Policy to the intricacies of national se- University of California, Berkeley, CA Stephen Skowronek curity policy. Author of Consti- tutional Interpretation and The Class of 1957 Professor of Eco- Yale University, New Haven, CT James E. Alt Shield of Achilles: War, Peace and nomics. Researcher in historical Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Pelatiah Perit Professor of Politi- the Course of History. macroeconomics. Work showed cal and Social Science. Authority that much of the apparent stabi- Frank G. Thomson Professor of on the development of American George Philip Fletcher lization of the postwar American Government. Made interdisci- national institutions. Instrumen- economy was an illusion caused plinary contributions in political tal in building a ½eld of American Columbia Law School, New York, NY by inconsistent measurement economy. Conducts research on political development in contem- Cardozo Professor of Jurispru- techniques. Used new data sources parties, political institutions, and porary political science and in dence. Has written and lectured to understand the sources and ef- ½scal policy in industrial coun- fostering a historical-institutional in the ½elds of torts, criminal fects of monetary policy actions tries. Founding Director of the approach to political scholarship. law, comparative law, and con- and analyzed the causes of the Center for Basic Research in the Research on presidential politics stitutional law. Published nine Great Depression. Social Sciences. Coedited the recasts the uses of political his- books and over a hundred arti- series “The Political Economy of tory for understanding leadership cles. Received a Coif Award for Mark Allen Satterthwaite Institutions and Decisions.” in contemporary America. Rethinking Criminal Law. Northwestern University, Jonathan Bendor Evanston, IL Rogers M. Smith Michael J. Graetz Stanford University, Stanford, CA Professor of Managerial Econom- University of Pennsylvania, Yale Law School, New Haven, CT ics and A. C. Buehler Professor Walter and Elise Haas Professor Philadelphia, PA Justus S. Hotchkiss Professor of of Hospital and Health Services of Political Economics and Or- Christopher H. Browne Distin- Law. Recognized expert on pub- Management. Research focuses ganizations. Contributed to the guished Professor of Political lic ½nance. Contributed to the on economic institutions’ ability study of bureaucracy (e.g., redun- Science. Authority on U.S. con- understanding and improvement to induce self-interested individ- dancy, delegation, and other ways stitutional law and advocate of of federal tax policy and social uals to reveal their preferences of easing individual-level cogni- historical-institutional approaches insurance policy through academ- accurately so that ef½cient allo- tive constraints; causes and ef- to public law studies. Devised an ic scholarship and public service. cations can be implemented. The fects of political control), theory influential account of American Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorem of collective action (e.g., how un- citizenship and enriched debates Joel F. Handler certainty affects cooperation; the in social choice and the Myerson- over the roles of race, class, and University of California Satterthwaite theorem in micro- evolution of norms), and the the- gender in American politics. ory of bounded rationality (e.g., at Los Angeles School of Law, economics established fundamen- Los Angeles, CA tal limits on institutions’ abilities satis½cing; incrementalism). fhm Jean F. P. Blondel ( ) Professor of Law. Authority on to accomplish this. David Collier European University Institute, social welfare law and poverty. Florence, Italy Conducted empirical studies on Michael Woodford University of California, Berkeley, CA External Professor. Cofounder and poverty, political participation, Columbia University, New York, NY Professor of Political Science. ½rst Executive Director of the and administration of justice. John Bates Clark Professor of Po- Leading scholar in comparative European Consortium for Polit- Author of Social Movements and litical Economy. Monetary theo- and political methodology whose ical Research. Worked to trans- the Legal System, Down From Bu- rist and leader in the development research has focused on Latin form European political science reaucracy, and The Poverty of Wel- of an integrated analysis of mon- America. Work bridges quantita- from a fragmented, nationally fare Reform. President, Law and etary and ½scal policy. Codevel- tive and qualitative methods. con½ned, and professionally un- Society Association (1991–1993). oper of a general equilibrium mod- derdeveloped discipline by estab- el with Keynesian properties. William Arthur Galston lishing an international enterprise Daniel J. Meltzer University of Maryland, that now has over two hundred Harvard Law School, Guy Laroque (fhm) College Park, MD ½fty member departments and Cambridge, MA INSEE-CREST (National Institute Saul I. Stern Professor of Civic over four thousand af½liated Story Professor of Law. Authority of Statistics and Economic Studies), Engagement. Published ½ve books scholars. Awarded the Johan on federal jurisdiction, American Paris, France and dozens of scholarly articles Skytte Prize in Political Science. federalism, and criminal law and Director, Macroeconomics Labo- on political philosophy. Leader procedure. Coauthor of Hart & ratory. Produced theoretical mod- in efforts to revitalize civic learn- Weschler’s The Federal Courts and els, econometric techniques, and ing and engagement. Former dep- the Federal System. Published on, inter alia, sovereign immunity, Bulletin of the American Academy Winter 2005 31 constitutional remedies, and fed- ry of mind reading in cognitive Within: The Contest of Cultures Anne Firor Scott eral habeas corpus jurisdiction. science. Author of Epistemology in Colonial North America. Also Duke University, Durham, NC and Cognition and Knowledge in a known for studies of higher edu- W. K. Boyd Professor of History Thomas Wendell Merrill Social World. cation in the United States. Emerita. Pioneer of women’s his- Columbia University Law School, tory in the United States. Noted New York, NY Wayne A. Meeks Ira Berlin for her scholarly work and publi- Charles Keller Beekman Profes- Yale University, New Haven, CT University of Maryland, cations, including The Southern sor. Legal scholar specializing in Woolsey Professor of Biblical College Park, MD Lady, Making the Invisible Woman administrative law, property law, Studies Emeritus. Influential Distinguished University Profes- Visible, Natural Allies, and Unheard constitutional law, and the Su- scholar in New Testament stud- sor. Expert on slavery and eman- Voices. Past president of the Organ- preme Court. Recent work focus- ies. Helped shape the ½eld with cipation in the Americas and au- ization of American Historians. es on understanding the concept work on the social origins of early thor of Generations of Captivity: A of property in constitutional law Christianity and early Christian History of African American Slavery, William Sewell and explaining standardization in literature. Author of The Origins Many Thousands Gone: The First University of Chicago, Chicago, IL property law. Served as Deputy of Christian Morality and The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North Max Palevsky Professor of Polit- Solicitor General (1987–1990). Urban Christians. America, and Slaves Without Mas- ical Science and History. Works ters: The Free Negro in the Antebel- on the history of early modern Diane P. Wood Mark A. Noll lum South. Founder of the Freed- and modern France, especially United States Court of Appeals for Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL man and Southern Society Project the Revolutions of 1789, 1830, and and past president of the Organ- the Seventh Circuit, Chicago, IL McManis Professor of Christian 1848; and on the relationship be- ization of American Historians. Circuit Court Judge. Leading schol- Thought. Author on and historian tween history and social theory. ar of comparative law. Expert in of American Christianity, espe- Recipient of American Sociolog- antitrust law, federal civil proce- cially the development of religious Dipesh Chakrabarty ical Association awards for arti- dure, and international trade and thought in America, and the rise University of Chicago, cles in historical sociology, cul- business. Distinguished service and long cultural hegemony of Chicago, Illinois tural sociology, and sociological in government (U.S. Department Protestant Evangelicalism. Laurence A. Kimpton Distin- theory. of Justice) and in the academic guished Service Professor of His- world (extensive publications on Peter Albert Railton tory and South Asian Languages Jean Strouse international comparative law). University of Michigan, and Civilizations. Founding mem- New York Public Library, Ann Arbor, MI ber of the journal Subaltern Stud- New York, NY ies. Combines social history of John Stephenson Perrin Professor Director, Dorothy and Lewis B. Class IV: Humanities modern India with postcolonial of Philosophy. Made contribu- Cullman Center for Scholars and historiography in works that in- and Arts tions to ethics and the philoso- Writers. Writer, biographer, and fluence the ½eld at large. Recent phy of science. Known in ethics historian. Wrote a biography of books include Provincializing Eu- Section 1: Philosophy for a defense of moral realism. Alice James, which won the Ban- rope: Postcolonial Thought and His- Advanced understanding of sci- croft Prize in American History and Religious Studies torical Difference and Habitations enti½c explanation and probabil- and Diplomacy, and a biography of Modernity. of J. Pierpont Morgan. Recipient Ned Block ity. Author of Facts, Values, and Norms: Essays Toward a Morality of MacArthur and Guggenheim New York University, New York, NY of Consequence. G. Robert A. Conquest fellowships. Past president of the Professor of Philosophy and Psy- Stanford University, Stanford, CA Society of American Historians. chology. Leading philosopher of Samuel Scheffler Fellow, Hoover Institution. Noted mind and psychology. Known for University of California, Berkeley, CA historian of the Soviet Union. Re- (Albert) Raymond (Maillard) critical reactions to functionalism vealed Stalin’s purges and forced fhm Class of 1941 World War II Me- Carr ( ) and for a long series of papers, collectivization of Soviet peasant- morial Professor of Philosophy Oxford University, Oxford, spanning three decades, which ry to the Western world. Books and Law. Leading moral and po- United Kingdom maintains the irreducibility of include The Great Terror and Re- litical philosopher. Books include Honorary Fellow, Christ Church qualia, sensations, imagery, and flections on a Ravaged Century. Has The Rejection of Consequentialism, College and St. Antony’s College. consciousness to either represen- also written many works of po- Human Morality, and Boundaries Historian of modern Spain. Helped tationalist or functionalist view- etry, criticism, verse translation, and Allegiances. Advisory Editor to create St. Antony’s College points. Also known for work on and ½ction. the iq controversy. of Philosophy and Public Affairs. and served as Warden there for nearly twenty years. Editor of and Michael A. Cook contributor to Spain: A History. Alvin Ira Goldman Section 2: History Princeton University, Princeton, NJ Rutgers University, Cleveland E. Dodge Professor of Emilio Gabba (fhm) New Brunswick, NJ James L. Axtell Near Eastern Studies. Authority University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Board of Governors Professor of College of William & Mary, on Muslim history and thought. Professor Emeritus. Historian of Philosophy and Cognitive Sci- Williamsburg, VA Published books on early Muslim the classical world. Known for ence. Contributed to epistemol- William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor dogma, Muhammad, and the Ko- work on a variety of problems, ogy, philosophy of mind, meta- of Humanities. Historian of Amer- ran. Recently published Command- including agrarian history, the physics, and political and legal ican colonialism, ethnohistory, ing Right and Forbidding Wrong in Romanization of Italy, and clas- theory. Championed the causal and education. Has written widely Islamic Thought. sical historiography. Member of theory and reliabilism in episte- on Native American history and the Accademia Nazionale dei mology and the simulation theo- culture. Author of The Invasion Lincei in Italy.

32 Bulletin of the American Academy Winter 2005 Jürgen Kocka (fhm) Gustavo Pérez-Firmat Women: Walking the Tightrope, a innovation in relation to reli- Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Columbia University, New York, NY recent biography of Simone Weil, gious and sociopolitical life in Sozialforschung, Berlin, Germany David Feinson Professor of Hu- and At Home with the Marquis de Zimbabwe. Sade, which was a ½nalist for the President. Historian. Author of manities. Poet, critic, and novel- Pulitzer Prize. Regular contribu- numerous studies of modern, ist. Has written books on Spanish, John Corigliano tor to The New Yorker. European, and comparative his- Latin American, and Latino liter- The Juilliard School, New York, NY tory. Advocate of social science ature and culture, among them Composer and Professor of Com- approaches to history. Played a Idle Fictions, The Cuban Condition, Sharon Olds position. Known for his opera role as a member of the German Life on the Hyphen, and Tongue Ties. New York University, New York, NY The Ghosts of Versailles and two Scienti½c Advisory Council in re- Author of the memoir Next Year Poet and Professor of English. Au- symphonies: New Grove’s, a “me- structuring East German academ- in Cuba and several volumes of thor of numerous collections of morial to the victims of aids,” ic institutions after uni½cation. poetry. poetry. Winner of the National and the Symphony No. 2. Winner Book Critic’s Circle Award for of the 2001 Pulitzer Prize in Music. Section 3: Literary Janet Breckenridge The Dead and the Living. New York Pierrehumbert State Poet. Established the Writ- Mario Davidovsky Criticism (including Northwestern University, ing Program at Goldwater Hos- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA pital, which brings young poets Evanston, IL Composer and Fanny P. Mason Philology) into the hospital to help severely Professor of Linguistics. Work Professor of Music Emeritus. Has disabled patients in their writing. Joan W. Bresnan combines computational and ex- been a central force in the devel- Stanford University, Stanford, CA perimental methods to investigate opment of electronic music in this language sound structure. Devised Carl Phillips country. Working with Milton Sadie Dernham Patek Professor a model of intonation that has Washington University in St. Louis, Babbit at the Columbia-Princeton in Humanities. Leading ½gure been influential in theoretical lin- St. Louis, MO Electronic Music Center, devel- in syntactic theory. Originated guistics, phonetics, speech tech- Poet. Professor of English and Af- oped many of the techniques later the theory of Lexical-Functional nology, and psycholinguistics. rican and Afro-American Studies. adopted by generations of younger Grammar and its optimality-the- One of the founders of laborato- Author of seven books of poetry. composers. Has written extensive- oristic extensions. Conducted ry phonology. Current research Recipient of the Kingsley Tufts ly for conventional instruments. quantitative investigations reveal- explores how phonological cate- Award, a Guggenheim Fellowship, ing that grammar is inherently gories and grammars are formed and an Award in Literature from variable and stochastic in nature, Brice Marden in individuals and populations. the American Academy of Arts a highly plastic cognitive system New York, NY and Letters. Translated Sopho- sensitively tuned to the frequen- Visual Artist. Leading American cles’ Philoctetes and wrote a book cies of the environment. William H. Pritchard minimal abstractionist creating of essays on the art of poetry. Amherst College, Amherst, MA monochromatic works of art. In- Richard H. Brodhead Henry Clay Folger Professor of vestigates the subtle harmonies Duke University, Durham, NC English. Author of numerous Section 5: Visual and and optical effects obtained by books and essays, including Up- juxtaposing broad areas of simi- President. A. Bartlett Giamatti Performing Arts– dike: America’s Man of Letters, Ran- lar hues with different values of Professor of English at Yale Uni- dall Jarrell: A Literary Life, and Criticism and Practice light and dark. In the late 1980s versity and Dean of Yale College Frost: A Literary Life Reconsidered. effected an abrupt change, incor- (through June 30, 2004). Special- porating Chinese cultural and ar- ist on American literature. Pub- John Baldessari tistic influences: calligraphy, tao- lished books on Hawthorne, Mel- University of California, Section 4: Literature ism, scholars’ rocks, and poetry. ville, Faulkner, Eudora Welty, Los Angeles, CA Continues to work in this com- and Richard Wright and edited (Fiction, Poetry, Short Professor of Art. Conceptual art- plex painterly yet linear mode. the journals of Charles W. Chest- Stories, Non½ction, Play- ist who invented a new approach nutt. Author of The Good of this to photography. Uses the latest Ed Ruscha Place: Values and Challenges in writing, Screenwriting) techniques to create collages jux- College Education. taposing photographs, words, Los Angeles, CA Ann Beattie and colors to spark new associa- Painter, printmaker, creator of Brian D. Joseph University of Virginia, tions. Known for work with im- books, and ½lmmaker. Associated Ohio State University, Columbus, OH Charlottesville, VA ages taken from old Hollywood with the Pop Art movement. Fig- black-and-white movie stills. ure in contemporary American Distinguished University Profes- Novelist and short story writer. art. Has been exhibited interna- sor of Linguistics and the Ken- Edgar Allen Poe Professor of Cre- tionally for three decades and is neth E. Naylor Professor of South ative Writing. Has written seven Paul Franklin Berliner represented in major museum Slavic Linguistics. Leading spe- novels, including Chilly Scenes Northwestern University, collections throughout the world. cialist in the linguistic structure of Winter and Picturing Will, and Evanston, IL seven collections of short stories. and history of the Greek language. Professor of Ethnomusicology. Recipient of an award for excel- Judith Tick Authority on Balkan linguistics Research revealed the rigors of lence from the American Academy and on general historical linguis- improvisation within the oral Northeastern University, Boston, MA and Institute of Arts and Letters. tics. Known for his monograph traditions of Zimbabwean mbira Matthews Distinguished Univer- on language change through con- music and American jazz. Inter- sity Professor. Musicologist, pio- tact in the Balkans. Research spans Francine du Plessix Gray prets the impact of war on cul- neer in the study of women and the Indic, Germanic, Italic, and Warren, CT tural legacies in Zimbabwe by music, and innovator in the ½eld Anatolian language groups. Novelist and biographer. Author contextualizing processes of mu- of musical biography. Associate of Rage and Fire: A Life of Louise sic learning, transmission, and editor of the Musical Quarterly. Colet, Lovers and Tyrants, Soviet Bulletin of the American Academy Winter 2005 33 Work ranges across historical dealing with the historical, myth- for pbs News. Senior Counselor tions, and her work promoting periods, theoretical frameworks, ological, and literary themes that to the Continuity of Government British-American relations. and artistic styles. animate postwar German culture. Commission. Convener of the Work balances the dual purposes Campaign Finance Reform Work- Henry H. Arnhold Joan Tower of visually powerful imagery and ing Group. Coauthor of Vital Arnhold & S. Bleichroeder Holdings, Bard College, intellectually critical analysis. Statistics on Congress. Inc., New York, NY Annandale-on-Hudson, NY fhm Chairman. Serves as President of Composer and Asher Edelman Gerhard Richter ( ) Paul Spyros Sarbanes the Arnhold Foundation, which Professor of Music. Composed Staatliche Kunstakademie United States Senate, supports environmental and ani- orchestral and chamber music. Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany Washington, D.C. mal welfare organizations. Board Founded the Da Capo Chamber Professor of Art. Conceptual U.S. Senator. Democratic senior member, New School University Players (received the Naumburg painter who is considered a mas- Senator from Maryland. Won re- and Conservation International. Award for Chamber Music in ter of deconstruction of the for- election in 2000 to an unprece- Serves on the American Council 1973). Composer-in-residence mal conventions of painting. Has dented ½fth term. Serves as the on Germany, the Council on For- with the Saint Louis Symphony mastered a diversity of genres, in- Ranking Member of the Senate eign Relations, and the Foreign (1985–1987). cluding gestural abstraction, land- Banking, Housing, and Urban Policy Association. scape, portraiture, and photo- Affairs Committee and as a sen- James Turrell based painting. ior member of the Foreign Rela- John Bogle Flagstaff, AZ tions, Budget, and Joint Econom- Vanguard Group, Valley Forge, PA Visual artist. His created spaces Class V: Public ic Committees. Author of the Founder. Pioneered index funds, isolate light, giving it form, depth, Sarbanes-Oxley Act to set stan- which implement the central ½nd- and mass. Work suggests a paint- Affairs, Business, dards for accounting and corpo- ings of modern portfolio theory. erly sensibility in three dimen- and Administration rate responsibility. Led the industry in eliminating sions, while commanding an in- sales loads and reducing fund ex- vestigation of the act of seeing. Section I: Public Timothy Endicott Wirth penses. Author of John Bogle on In- Recipient of Guggenheim and United Nations Foundation, vesting, Common Sense on Mutual MacArthur Fellowships. Affairs, Journalism, Washington, D.C. Funds, and Bogle on Mutual Funds. and Communications President. As Congressman, Sen- Mary Alice Zimmerman ator, Under Secretary of State, and Alexander W. Dreyfoos, Jr. Northwestern University, Loren Frank Ghiglione President of the United Nations West Palm Beach, FL Evanston, IL Foundation, played a role in the Retired Chairman and Chief Northwestern University, formulation and enactment of Professor of Performance Studies. Evanston, IL Researcher, Dreyfoos Group. In- Writer and director known for policies to address the problems vented the Video Color Negative Dean, Medill School of Journal- posed by population growth, cli- adapting classical texts to the stage. ism. Has directed two other jour- Analyzer, which received an Acad- Winner of a MacArthur Fellow- mate change, loss of wilderness, emy Award from the Academy nalism programs, owned and op- and resource mismanagement. ship and a 2002 Tony Award for erated New England newspapers, of Motion Picture Arts and Sci- Direction. Works include Meta- and served as president of the ences. Founding Chairman of the morphoses, The Odyssey, The Note- American Society of Newspaper Section 2: Business, Raymond F. Kravis Center for the books of Leonardo da Vinci, Journey Performing Arts. Lifetime Mem- Editors and as a Pulitzer Prize Corporate, and Philan- mit to the West, and The Arabian Nights. juror. Wrote or edited six books ber of the Corporation and on journalism. thropic Leadership of the Board of the Scripps Re- Ellen Taaffe Zwilich search Institute. Founder of the (Private Sector) Palm Beach County Council of Florida State University, Richard C. Holbrooke the Arts. Tallahassee, FL Perseus, LLC, New York, NY Leonore Annenberg Composer and Francis Eppes Pro- Vice Chairman. Served in the Annenberg Foundation, Radnor, PA John F. McDonnell fessor of Music. Won the Pulitzer Kennedy, Johnson, Carter, and President, Chair, and Sole Di- McDonnell Douglas Corporation, Prize in 1983 for Symphony No. 1. Clinton administrations in many Composed three other sympho- rector. Associated with a diverse St. Louis, MO roles, including U.S. Ambassador group of charitable, cultural, and nies, concertos, and music for to Germany, Assistant Secretary Retired Chairman of the Board. chamber ensembles. Held the educational institutions, includ- Served as ceo from 1988–1994. of State for Europe, American ne- ing the Annenberg Schools for ½rst Composer’s Chair awarded gotiator for the Dayton Accords, Retired when McDonnell Doug- by Carnegie Hall. Communication. Trustee emer- las merged with Boeing in 1997. U.S. Ambassador to the United itus, Acquisitions Committee, Nations, and special envoy to Director of Boeing. Chairman of Lucian Freud (fhm) Metropolitan Museum of Art; the Board and longtime Trustee Kosovo. Author of To End a War. Trustee, Philadelphia Museum London, United Kingdom of Washington University in St. of Art; Managing Director, Met- Louis. Painter. Britain’s best-known con- Norman Jay Ornstein ropolitan Opera. Recipient of the temporary portrait painter. Spe- American Enterprise Institute, Pat Nixon Ambassador of Good- Gerald Rosenfeld cializes in portraits and nudes, of- Washington, D.C. will Award. Awarded an honorary Rothschild North America, ten observed in arresting close-up. Resident Scholar. Illuminated Commander of the Most Excel- lent Order of the British Empire New York, NY fhm the complexities of policy mak- ceo Anselm Kiefer ( ) ing in Washington, through nu- by Queen Elizabeth II in recogni- . Leading investment banker. Barjac, France merous books, research studies, tion of her contribution to the Key investment banking adviso- ry responsibilities in the indus- Painter. Internationally celebrat- and commentaries for national preservation of important British trial and technology sectors. Has ed for imposing operatic works television. Regular commentator cultural and educational institu- shown a strong commitment to 34 Bulletin of the American Academy Winter 2005 corporate responsibility. Teaches Paul Zuckerman (fhm) partment chair) at the University Gerald Schoenfeld ½nance at New York University. of Pennsylvania before assuming nyu Zuckerman & Associates LLC, The Shubert Organization and The Member of the Board of London, United Kingdom the directorship of the Folger Shubert Foundation, New York, NY Overseers and of the Executive Shakespeare Library, a post he Chairman. Also serves as Deputy Chairman. Played a pivotal role Committee of the Jewish Theo- held for eighteen years. Chairman of icap plc, and as in revitalizing the operation and logical Seminary. Non-Executive Director of a num- productions of live-performance ber of other companies. Formerly Frances Degen Horowitz theaters in many U.S. cities. Ad- Robert Gregg Stone, Jr. an investment banker with Cas- City University of New York, vanced community development Kirby Corporation, New York, NY pian Securities and S. G. Warburg. New York, NY and civic affairs in New York City Chairman Emeritus. Numerous Treasurer of the International President of the Graduate School and helped lead the effort to re- directorships in business, includ- Women’s Health Coalition (New and University Center. Developed new and improve Times Square ing the chairmanship of West In- York) and the National Art Col- a new campus as a signi½cant ur- and the surrounding area. dia Shipping Company, General lection Fund (United Kingdom), ban hub of scholarship, research, Energy Company, and the Kirby and Chairman of the William and public discourse. Recognized Patty Stonesifer Corporation. Served for twenty- Walton Trust. educational leader and develop- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, seven years as a member of the mental psychologist who serves Seattle, Washington Harvard Corporation (including Section 3: Educational, in numerous scienti½c, education- President and Co-Chair. Leads the Senior Fellow, 1995–2002). al, and civic capacities. Has worked foundation in its efforts to im- Scienti½c, Cultural, and to bridge academic and public prove health and learning around Anne Tatlock Philanthropic Adminis- interests locally and nationally. the world. Chairs the executive Fiduciary Trust International, committee of the Vaccine Fund New York, NY tration (Nonpro½t Sector) Curtis W. Meadows, Jr. and sits on the boards of Ama- Chairman and ceo of Fiduciary University of Texas at Austin, zon.com and Viacom. Trust and Vice Chairman and Leslie Cohen Berlowitz Austin, Texas Board Director for Franklin Re- American Academy of Arts and Founding Director, rgk Center Guillermo Jaim sources, Fiduciary Trust’s par- Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts for Philanthropy and Communi- Etcheverry (fhm) ent company. Board member of Executive Of½cer. Formerly Vice ty Service, and faculty member University of Buenos Aires, Merck and Fortune Brands. Trust- President for Academic Advance- of the Lyndon B. Johnson School Buenos Aires, Argentina eeships include American Ballet ment at New York University. of Public Affairs. Served for eigh- President. Heads one of the larg- Theater, Conference Board, Cul- She serves on numerous educa- teen years as President, ceo, and est institutions of higher learning tural Institutions Retirement Sys- tional and arts boards. Director of the Meadows Founda- in Latin America. Neurobiologist, tem, Howard Hughes Medical tion of Texas. Held leadership educator, and academic leader. Institute, Mayo Foundation, An- positions with more than sixty Carol T. Christ Proposals for educational reform drew Mellon Foundation (Chair- charitable and community organi- Smith College, Northampton, are reinvigorating the Argentine man, 2003–), Teagle Foundation, zations. Counsel to the law ½rm Massachusetts educational system. and Vassar College. of Thompson and Knight, llp. President. Previously Provost and Vice Chancellor at Berkeley. Cred- fhm Preston Robert Tisch C. D. Mote, Jr. Ho-Wang Lee ( ) ited with building top-rated de- National Academy of Sciences, Loews Corporation, New York, NY University of Maryland, partments. Scholar of nineteenth- Seoul, Republic of Korea Chairman. Chairman and Co- century English literature. College Park, MD President. Discovered the Han- ceo of a leading nfl football President and Glenn L. Martin taan and Seoul viruses, the etio- franchise. Distinguished record Institute Professor of Engineer- Philippe L. de Montebello logic agents of Hemorrhagic fever of public service. Served as U.S. ing. Advocate for students and Metropolitan Museum of Art, with renal syndrome (hfrs), in Postmaster General and chaired mentorship and for university New York, New York 1976–1981. Identi½ed reservoir the New York Convention and partnerships with federal labora- hosts, the mode of virus trans- Visitors Bureau and the New York Director. Has led the Metropolitan tories and industry. Former Vice mission, and developed an effec- City Partnership. Founder and Museum of Art for over twenty- Chancellor and fanuc Chair in tive vaccine against hfrs. Con- Chairman of Take the Field, an four years. Presided over the ex- Mechanical Systems, University tributed to the prevention of organization that rebuilds public pansion of the museum’s perma- of California, Berkeley. Special- hantaviral diseases. high-school athletic ½elds in New nent collection. Trustee of the ties include dynamics and sta- York City. New York University Institute of bility of gyroscopic systems and Fine Arts and the American Fed- biomechanics. Manuel Martínez- eration of the Arts. Honored with fhm Peter V. Ueberroth Maldonado ( ) the Chevalier de la Legion d’Hon- William B. Quandt Ponce School of Medicine, Contrarian Group, neur in 1991 and the Spanish In- Ponce, Puerto Rico Newport Beach, CA stitute Gold Medal Award. University of Virginia, Managing Director. Member Charlottesville, VA President and Dean. Noted sci- of the board of directors of the Werner Leonard Edward R. Stettinius Professor entist, physician, scholar, and public servant. Developed stu- Coca-Cola Company, the Hilton Gundersheimer of Politics. Former Vice Provost Hotels Corporation, and the Ir- for International Affairs. Leading dent and residency training pro- Folger Shakespeare Library, vine Company. Served as Com- scholar of the Arab-Israeli peace grams and curricula, fostered a Washington, D.C. missioner of Major League Base- process. Active participant, as a more equitable policy of organ ball and as President of the Los Director Emeritus. Distinguished member of the National Securi- sharing in the United States, and Angeles Olympic Organizing scholar and administrator. Au- ty Council staff, in negotiations promoted public-health initia- Committee responsible for stag- thored publications in the ½eld leading to the Egyptian-Israeli tives, medical education, and ing the 1984 Olympic Games. of Renaissance studies and served peace treaty. Senior Fellow at the research in Latin America. as professor of history (and de- Brookings Institution. Bulletin of the American Academy Winter 2005 35