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Botia (Chromobotia Macracanthus Bleeker, 1852) Potential Broodstock Rearing with and Without Shelter

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Botia (Chromobotia Macracanthus Bleeker, 1852) Potential Broodstock Rearing with and Without Shelter Journal of Aquaculture Science Oktober 2020 vol 5(2): 129-136 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31093/joas.v5i2.127 Online pada http://joas.co.id Botia (Chromobotia macracanthus Bleeker, 1852) Potential Broodstock Rearing With and Without Shelter Agus Priyadi 1, Asep Permana 1, Nur Wantika 2, Putri Desi Wulansari2 1Depok Ornamental Fish Research Center, Jl. Perikanan no. 13, Pancoran Mas, Depok, West Java. 2Department of Fish Health Management and Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. *e-mail: [email protected] Submited: 14 October Revised: 22 October Accepted: 25 October Abstract Botia also called clown loach (Chromobotia Macracanthus) growth is relatively slow, taking 4-5 months to reach marketable size (2 inch) and 3 years to achieve initial gonad maturation in female and 1 year in male fish. Environmental degradation and overfishing are factors triggering the production of newly potential broodstock. This study aimed to observe the growth response of potential broodstock through rearing technique with and without shelter. Fish were kept inside the aquaria sized 80x40x30 cm with 20 cm water height on the recirculation system. Fish was used for shelter treatment are: Total length ± 7.7 cm, height ± 2.09 cm, and weight ± 7.33 g; for no shelter treatment were: Total length ± 6.7 cm, height ± 1.88 cm, and weight ± 4.59 g. Fish were stocked 10 fish/aquarium and fed 3 times/day by at satiation method. Parameters were observed are total length, height and weight improvement also water quality. The results was showed that growth and feed efficiency had better value when reared with shelter than without shelter. Keyword: Grow-out, Chromobotia macracanthus, shelter INTRODUCTION Botia fish (Chromobotia (Permana, 2015). Environmental macracanthus Bleeker, 1852) is native degradation and overfishing are factors fish species in Sumatra and Kalimantan threatening botia sustainability (Kottelat et al. 1995), which is very (Blabber, 2000), therefore triggering popular among ornamental fish culture production. Depok Ornamental hobbyists and major commodity of Fish Culture Research Institute has aquatic exported product in Indonesia managed to domesticate botia, starting (Slembrouck, 2010). The growth of from adaptation, gonad maturation, Botia fish is relatively slow (Baras et al. spawning, mass production, as well as 2012), taking 4-5 months to reach the even technical transfer to various marketable size (2 inches) and 3 years regions, especially botia endemic to obtain firstly matured fish on female regions. Various studies have been fish and one year on male fish conducted including efforts to JoAS 2020, 5 (2): 128-135. pISSN 2550-0910; eISSN 2579-4817 | Page 129 Journal of Aquaculture Science Oktober 2020 vol 5(2): 129-136 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31093/joas.v5i2.127 Online pada http://joas.co.id accelerate the growth rate of botia stress, whereas well adapted botia will culture either on environmental, optimize the growth level. feeding, or hormonal factor. Environmental factor in the form of One of environmental factors shelter was attempted in the rearing closely related to botia natural habitat is efforts for botia broodstock potential the existence of shelter in the rearing with the aim to observe the growth media, as botia fish are ornamental fish response and survival rate on the rearing living at the water base area (demersal) with and without shelter. (Axelrod and Vordenwinkler, 1986). MATERIAL AND METHOD The preferred habitat for botia fish is Place and Period of Trial small current and clear water (Kamal, This trial study was conducted on 1992) around rocky and sandy areas or January, 2018 in Depok Ornamental Napal (Grzimex, 1968; Kamal 1992). Fish Research Center. Botia actively feeds at night (nocturnal) Rearing media preparation and hides at daytime (Satyani et al. Media used were aquaria sized 2006). 80x40x30 cm with 20 cm water height Based on this information, the and 64 L water volume on recirculation existence of shelter on botia rearing system. Rearing system were performed media becomes very important to by differing among trial media with and comfort the fish and minimize the fish without using shelter a b Figure 1. Botia (Chromobotia macracanthus Bleeker, 1852) rearing tank with a shelter (a), and without shelter (b) JoAS 2020, 5 (2): 128-135. pISSN 2550-0910; eISSN 2579-4817 | Page 130 Journal of Aquaculture Science Oktober 2020 vol 5(2): 129-136 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31093/joas.v5i2.127 Online pada http://joas.co.id Fish stocking three times a day, namely 08.00, 12.00, Fish used in this study were and 16.00 (GMT +7) with at satiation approximately 7.7 cm total length, 2.09 method. cm height, and 7.33 g weight for shelter Growth and survival rate sampling treatment, while non shelter treatment Growth sampling containing body used approximately 6.7 cm total length, length, weight, and height was 1.88 height, and 4.59 g weight. Fish performed to determine the rearing were stocked 10 fish/aquarium. Fish treatment with and without shelter were stocked into the rearing media response. Growth sampling was using plastic container, after performed once in 10 days on the fish acclimatized for 10 minutes. used, while survival rate was calculated Feeding frequnty from the fish total on initial and final The feed given in this study was rearing. bloodworm. Bloodworm was given a b Figure 2. Total length and body height sampling (a), and sampling measurement body weight (b) of botia (Chromobotia macracanthus Bleeker, 1852) Water quality monitoring Water quality parameter Gonad maturity monitoring was performed to maintain Fish gonad maturity level was the rearing media water quality to be in observed on the final rearing either in the optimum range. Water quality male or female fish. Observation on parameters comprised temperature, male fish was performed using stripping dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and technique, while female fish using ammonia. catheterization. JoAS 2020, 5 (2): 128-135. pISSN 2550-0910; eISSN 2579-4817 | Page 131 Journal of Aquaculture Science Oktober 2020 vol 5(2): 129-136 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31093/joas.v5i2.127 Online pada http://joas.co.id Data analysis methods, i.e with or without shelter. Data obtained from the Four week botia rearing resulted fish observational results containing groth data containing total length, body increased total length, body height, height, and weight as presented on weight, and survival rate were analyzed Figure 3. descriptively by comparing between In the prospective expansion of two different treatments, i.e with and botia reared using shelter showed without shelter. increased total length with 0.38 cm, while the total length obtained on RESULT AND DISCUSSION rearing without shelter was 0.26 cm, Growth indicating 0.12 total length growth Growth is described as increased difference. Botia body height increased size or volume higher or greater than 0.09 cm on rearing with shelter and 0.08 before. Botia fish growth showed cm on rearing without shelter, resulting isometric growth (increased length was 0.01 cm body height difference. Botia balanced with increased weight), gained 0.25 g weight on rearing with following the negative allometric shelter and 0.23 g without shelter, growth (length growth was faster than resulting 0.02 g weight difference. weight growth) (Kamal, 1992). Botia Based on these values, botia broodstock fish broodstock potential in this study potential growth in the study trial were stocked into the rearing media showed negative allometric growth with recirculation system on two rearing pattern. 0.4 Shelter Without Shelter 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 weight (g) weight 0.1 0.05 Increase of length, height (cm) and(cm) height length, of Increase 0 Total length Body height Body weight Figure 3. Growth of Botia (Chromobotia macracanthus Bleeker, 1852) reared with or without shelter JoAS 2020, 5 (2): 128-135. pISSN 2550-0910; eISSN 2579-4817 | Page 132 Journal of Aquaculture Science Oktober 2020 vol 5(2): 129-136 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31093/joas.v5i2.127 Online pada http://joas.co.id Botia reared with shelter had 2000; Guan and Wiles, 1997), and faster growth than without shelter. This bullhead (Cottus gobio) (Guan and might happen as botia activity Wiles, 1997). influence. Botia fish habit reared with There is a positive relationship shelter often hides in shelter and between the existence of shelter and fish inactively swims, while fish will growth rate (Finstad, 2007; Olsson and actively swim when reared without Nystrom, 2009). The absence of shelter shelter, spending more energy for can have indirect negative impact on swimming. metabolism, growth, performance, and Swimming is the characteristic demographic population level. Mud eel in almost all species of fish to find food, (Monopterus cuchia) showed the best avoid predation, or engage in social growth rate in water when giving interactions, such as territorial defense hyacinth as the shelter (Narejo et al. or reproduction. Swimming requires 2003). The highest body weight gain energy as requiring muscle work, was also found in estuarine grouper especially by large blocks of axial (Epinephelus salmoides) after given car muscles arranged on each side of the tire as a shelter during rearing (Chua body, known as myotom, the dominant and Teng, 1979); Water plants used as anatomical feature in most fish shelters for Penaeus monodon provided (McKenzie, 2011). the highest growth and survival rate This means that active (Ali et al. 1999); And the highest swimming fish will need more energy average larval growth rate of Clarias than passive swimming fish as spending batrachus was obtained from larval more time in the shelter. Therefore, the rearing with floating shelters, such as energy gained from the food is more water weeds (Sahiduzzaman et al. used for growth than movement. Some 2018).
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