E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 107 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION

Vol. 147 WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, MAY 8, 2001 No. 62 Senate The Senate met at 9:30 a.m. in execu- The senior assistant bill clerk read gest be divided equally among the tive session and was called to order by the following letter: three Senators. the Honorable LINCOLN CHAFEE, a Sen- U.S. SENATE, The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- ator from the State of Rhode Island. PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, pore. Without objection, it is so or- Washington, DC, May 8, 2001. dered. PRAYER To the Senate: Mr. REID. I suggest the absence of a The Chaplain, Dr. Lloyd John Under the provisions of rule I, paragraph 3, quorum. Ogilvie, offered the following prayer: of the Standing Rules of the Senate, I hereby The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- appoint the Honorable LINCOLN CHAFEE, a Almighty God, thank You for the ex- pore. The clerk will call the roll. citing expectation that surges within Senator from the State of Rhode Island, to perform the duties of the Chair. The legislative clerk proceeded to us when we realize that You want to , call the roll. bless us with Your love, strength, and President pro tempore. Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I ask wisdom. It is Your way always to go Mr. CHAFEE thereupon assumed the unanimous consent that the order for beyond what You have done before. chair as Acting President pro tempore. the quorum call be rescinded. You do not measure Your generosity The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- by our goodness or the eloquence of our pore. The Senate will be in order. pore. Without objection, it is so or- prayers, but You give more grace as dered. f the challenges grow greater. All You Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, how require is that we desire a relationship RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME much time am I allowed? with You, the Giver, as much as we de- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- sire the blessings You give. You guide pore. Under the previous order, the pore. Twelve minutes. the humble and teach them the way to leadership time is reserved. Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, the go, how to decide on issues, and how to f Senate will vote this morning on the speak truth with love. nomination by President Bush of Mr. Lord, bless the Senators with Your NOMINATION OF JOHN ROBERT to be Under Secretary of maximizing power for the challenges, BOLTON OF MARYLAND TO BE State for Arms Control. decisions, and responsibilities of this UNDER This is a terrible nomination. I indi- day. We join them in praying with the FOR ARMS CONTROL AND INTER- cated yesterday that I don’t know Mr. psalmist, ‘‘God be merciful to us and NATIONAL SECURITY—Resumed John Bolton. I have not met him. But bless us, and cause Your face to shine The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- I have read a great deal about what he upon us, that Your way may be known pore. Under the previous order, the said about a number of issues. To on earth.’’—Psalm 67:1–2. May Your clerk will report the nomination. nominate Mr. John Bolton to be Under shining face be reflected in our faces, The legislative clerk read the nomi- Secretary of State for Arms Control radiant with joy and confidence for of John Robert Bolton of Mary- defies logic. demands of today. You are our Lord land to be Under Secretary of State for Arms control is a very important and Saviour. Amen. Arms Control and International Secu- subject. The question of whether this f rity. country is going to assume the respon- PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- sibility to lead internationally in stop- pore. The Senator from Nevada. ping the spread of nuclear weapons is a The Honorable LINCOLN CHAFEE led Mr. REID. Mr. President, it is my un- very important question. the Pledge of Allegiance, as follows: derstanding the time until 10:15 is re- Are we going to be a world leader in I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the served for proponents and opponents of stopping the spread of nuclear weapons United States of America, and to the Repub- lic for which it stands, one nation under God, this nomination; is that true? or not? Are we going to be a leader in indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- trying to make this a safer world? Are f pore. Under the previous order three we going to be a leader in trying to re- Senators each control 15 minutes. duce the number of nuclear weapons APPOINTMENT OF ACTING Mr. REID. Senators DORGAN, BIDEN, that exist in this world? PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE and HELMS, is that right? The answer from the President, it The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- seems to me, in sending this nomina- clerk will please read a communication pore. That is correct. tion to the Senate is no; we don’t in- to the Senate from the President pro Mr. REID. I ask unanimous consent tend to lead on anything. We intend to tempore (Mr. THURMOND). the time on the quorum call I will sug- do our own thing notwithstanding what

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

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VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:16 Dec 20, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA425\1997-2008-FILES-4-SS-PROJECT\2001-SENATE-REC-FILES\RECFILES-NEW\S mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4450 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 8, 2001 anybody else thinks about it, and not- He has been highly critical of the sians have agreed upon a regimen of re- withstanding the consequences with re- agreed-upon framework under which ducing nuclear weapons. Are we going spect to the reduction of additional nu- North Korea pledged to free its nuclear to stop all of that? Are we going to clear weapons and delivery systems. weapons program, and he says the make more and more determined ef- Mr. Bolton has virtually no experi- United States suffers no downside if we forts to continue it and do even more? ence in the field of arms control. He never normalize relations with North In my judgment, we should continue has never served in an arms control po- Korea. Certainly South Korea and this approach. In my judgment, this sition in any form. He is qualified per- Japan, our friends, don’t agree with leads to a safer world. haps for the dismantling of the systems him. But we have now this nomination of arms control as we know it. But he He thinks the United States should that comes to us today that is very dis- is not the person we would want con- not give diplomatic recogni- tressful—having an administration put sulting on arms control with our allies, tion as an independent country, in con- someone in a position whose job it is to and he is not the person we want nego- tradiction of several decades of official deal with the issue of arms control who tiating treaties. American policy. He says we have no doesn’t believe in arms control, who Mr. Bolton has expressed disdain for vital interest in or the rest of doesn’t believe in treaties, who doesn’t arms control and those who promote it. the Balkans. Tell that to the - believe in a regimen of trying to stop Let me give you some examples. peans and the U.S. troops whose pres- nuclear testing, and believes that trea- We had a debate on the floor of the ence there stopped the and ties and agreements have no legal im- Senate a year and a half ago on the stopped the killing of thousands or per- pact at all and no effect. subject of a comprehensive nuclear haps tens of thousands of people. He believes that we should just go it test-ban treaty. Our country has al- I think the world is going to see, if alone, apparently, notwithstanding ready decided to stop testing nuclear the Senate confirms this nomination, what others want or say. weapons. We decided that in the early that Mr. Bolton’s appointment is an- We are going to move into a very 1990s. So the question wasn’t for us. We other sign of the President’s hard line delicate and very difficult cir- had already decided to stop testing nu- on these issues, as a unilateral policy cumstance very soon. In addition to clear weapons. The question was to abandon ABM, or to get rid of the their being tens of thousands of nu- whether we would join in a treaty with ABM Treaty, or ignore it, build a de- clear weapons that now exist in this many other countries around the stabilizing national missile defense world and precious little effort to try world—a treaty that has something system, ignore the Kyoto treaty, aban- to reduce them, and turning away from like 150 different signatories. Would we don talks with North Korea, and oppose basic arms control agreements, includ- join in that treaty to try to stop others the international criminal court and ing the ABM Treaty which has been from testing nuclear weapons? Regret- the international landmine convention. the centerfold in attempts that have tably, the answer by this Senate was I think the signal is going to be quite resulted in arms reduction—in addition no; we don’t want to do that. clear if this Senate agrees with this to all of that—apparently we are decid- I think it was a terrible mistake. President and puts John Bolton in as ing to build a national missile defense What an awful day for the Senate to Under Secretary for Arms Control. system to protect against a less likely say no. We stopped nuclear testing, but He comes to this position with very threat: a rogue nation or a terrorist ac- we don’t want to join in a treaty to try little experience, and with an attitude quiring an ICBM, loading it with a nu- to promote others to stop nuclear test- about these issues that is antithetical clear tip and sending it to this country. ing. What an awful thing for the Sen- to the progress that we are making in They are much more likely to load a ate to do. The Senate has a right to do these areas. pick-up truck with a nuclear bomb and that. Of course, I think it was an awful I mentioned that we have tens of threaten this country. mistake. thousands of nuclear weapons in this If we build a national missile defense What happened when we turned down world. has somewhere perhaps and say it doesn’t matter what others the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban between 20,000 and 30,000 strategic and do, ignore nuclear arms treaties result- Treaty? Mr. John Bolton says the sup- theater nuclear weapons. We have tens ing in larger buildups and more weap- porters of the Comprehensive Nuclear of thousand of nuclear weapons. There ons and delivery vehicles by the Rus- Test-Ban Treaty are timid and are a handful of other countries that sians, the Chinese and others, will we neopacifists. That is the way he de- have joined the nuclear club and have be safer, and will the world be safer scribed those who support efforts to access to nuclear weapons. Many other with a national missile defense system have an international treaty to stop countries want to possess nuclear to protect us against a Russian threat, nuclear testing. weapons and are achieving and aspiring or against a Chinese threat? The an- Then he states on the issue of trea- to try to get nuclear weapons. Some swer is clearly no. ties and arms control and so on that terrorists want nuclear weapons. My feeling is that we are at a mo- international law is not really law at The question is, Will our country for ment in time in this country that is all. our security and the security of the very important. We have reached the Quoting him, ‘‘While treaties may be world provide a leadership role in try- moment in this world that is very im- politically or even morally binding, ing to stop the spread of nuclear weap- portant. We have seen an explosion of they are not legally obligatory. They ons? Will we be aggressive and vigi- nuclear weapons by Pakistan and are just not law as we apprehend the lant? Will we be world leaders on this India—two countries that don’t like term.’’ issue? Not if we decide to confirm the each other. They are building nuclear That is a statement by Mr. Bolton. nomination of John Bolton. He is not weapons. He says with respect to our allies someone who believes in arms control. We have seen circumstances with the who try to put pressure on us to pass He is not someone who believes in arms Chinese and the Russians and the Euro- the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban reduction. peans, and the others, who are con- Treaty, that the Canadian Premier is The fact is, we have reduced the cerned about us going it alone. As a ‘‘moral posturing.’’ The Sun calls Mr. number of nuclear weapons not nearly columnist for Bolton one of ‘‘’s strongest far enough, but we have reduced the said: Built to suit our interests and critics.’’ He says, ‘‘The Europeans can number of nuclear weapons in this damn the other interests. It doesn’t be sure that America’s days as a well- world through the arms control agree- matter what the others think. bred doormat for EU political and mili- ments we have had with the old Soviet That, in my judgment, is very trou- tary protections are coming to an Union and now Russia. bling, to try to find a way to have end.’’ The fact is, we have sawed the wings world leadership to stop the spread of Then he gloated at the end of the off Soviet bombers and long-range nuclear weapons and to provide world Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Trea- bombers. We have dismantled them. We leadership to reduce the number of nu- ty and its defeat, and said the Com- have dismantled their submarines. We clear weapons. prehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty is have dismantled their nuclear - Mr. President, how much time is re- dead. heads? Why? Because we and the Rus- maining?

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:16 Dec 20, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA425\1997-2008-FILES-4-SS-PROJECT\2001-SENATE-REC-FILES\RECFILES-NEW\S mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 8, 2001 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4451 The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- growing concern and impatience with criticized the Clinton administration’s pore. The Senator from North Dakota U.S. unilateralism, we were voted off efforts to freeze North Korea’s nuclear has 1 minute 45 seconds. the U.N. Commission, to and ballistic missile programs as Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I know the delight of human rights abusers ev- ‘‘egregiously wrong.’’ This despite the others wish to speak today, and I spoke erywhere. This growing unilateralism undisputed facts that the 1994 Agreed at some length yesterday about this is very troubling to those of us who un- Framework has successfully stopped issue. But I want to end by saying the derstand that the interests of the Pyongyang’s nuclear program and following: All I know about this nomi- American people are best protected more recent talks have convined North nee is what he has said, what he has es- when we work in concert with others Korea to unilaterally suspend its mis- tablished as a public record. It is, in on common interests and problems. sile tests until 2003. my judgment, antithetical to what we Senate confirmation of John Bolton President Bush is now reviewing ought to aspire to be and what we to be Undersecretary of State for Arms United States policy toward North ought to aspire to see from someone in Control and International Security will Korea, which I hope will conclude with the position we expect to provide lead- be another serious blow to U.S. leader- a decision to continue talks with ership on arms control. ship on these important issues. Over Pyongyang about the future of its mis- He, in fact, in my judgment, will not the last 8 years, John Bolton has ex- sile program. While I am sympathetic and cannot because he does not believe pressed extreme views on a wide range to the President’s desire to review past in arms control. He does not believe in of U.S. issues. He has be- policy, I believe it would be mistake to doing this on the basis of reaching out littled the , referred to walk away from a dialogue that holds with others to try to reduce the num- supporters of the Comprehensive Test out the possibility of a verifiable ber of nuclear weapons with treaties Ban Treaty as neo-pacifists, labeled agreement to freeze North Korea’s mis- and arms control agreements. He does our closest allies ‘‘appeasers’’ for op- sile program and halt their missile not believe in trying to stop the test- posing sanctions policy also opposed by sales. John Bolton has taken a dismissive view of the value of dialogue ing through treaties of nuclear weap- Vice President CHENEY, and questioned ons, the Comprehensive Nuclear Test- whether the United States is ever le- with Pyongyang, and I am deeply con- Ban Treaty. gally bound by its treaty obligations. cerned that adding his voice to the ad- In my judgment, if this Senate sees I find John Bolton’s views most trou- ministration’s debate on this issue will fit today to vote positively on this bling on the arms control issues over further undermine the United States nomination, we will have taken a sig- which he will exercise a great deal of interest in advancing and sta- nificant step backwards. We will have influence in this position. He is a bility on the Korean Peninsula. Finally, while Mr. Bolton’s testi- impeded the efforts of this country to staunch opponent of important trea- mony before the Foreign Relations be a world leader in areas that really ties—including the Comprehensive Committee seemed to suggest that his matter. Test Ban Treaty, the ABM Treaty, and current views are more moderate than I hope the Senate will think long and the Ottawa Convention banning anti- his writings indicate, I remain per- hard about this and decide to tell the personnel land mines which he has plexed by the question of what views he President this nomination is not appro- criticized as unenforceable, while at will take with him into this adminis- priate for the position of Under Sec- the same time opposing the develop- tration. This is not an academic or in- retary of State for Arms Control. ment of international enforcement appropriate issue to raise. While, ulti- Mr. President, I yield the floor. mechanisms. His antagonism to arms mately, Mr. Bolton’s personal opinions Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, in a few control threatens the Nuclear Non-pro- will be subsumed by the decisions of moments, the Senate will vote on the liferation Treaty (NPT), a cooperative, the Secretary of State and the Presi- President’s nomination of John Bolton verifiable agreement that has effec- dent, he will have an enormous amount for Undersecretary of State for Arms tively kept the nuclear weapons club to of influence in the policy debates that Control and International Security. I very low numbers for more than three shape those decisions. I find it difficult am under no illusions about the fact decades span. But future international to imagine that a man who has dedi- that Mr. Bolton will be confirmed for participation in the NPT is inex- cated his life to public service on be- this position. But I will vote against tricably tied to the stability of treaties half of a set of values that he has taken him, because I believe his views on the that Mr. Bolton has condemned. So too the time to articulate in public issues for which he will have responsi- is the success of our cooperative nu- writings will suddenly cease to advo- bility are inconsistent with the best in- clear threat-reduction measures with cate on behalf of those values at ex- terests of the United States. Russia. actly the moment when his ability to President Bush has promised to work Mr. Bolton has also consistently ad- influence public debate is at its zenith. with our friends and allies to build a vocated that the United States give Mr. President, the United States has new framework for U.S. policies on diplomatic recognition to Taiwan, a a strong interest in maintaining and arms control and international secu- position at odds with decades of U.S. advancing transparent, verifiable arms rity. But his nomination of John policy and with President Bush’s de- control regimes and stopping the pro- Bolton to be the principal advisor to clared One stance. From 1994– liferation of weapons of mass destruc- the Secretary of State on these issues 1996, the Taiwanese government paid tion. These issues are far too impor- is just one of many steps that have $30,000 to Mr. Bolton for several papers tant to be left in the hands of a man sent a decidedly mixed message about on Taiwan and the U.N. It is troubling who has denied their very legitimacy. I his commitment to pursuing a that during this time Mr. Bolton testi- urge my colleagues to vote against this thoughtful, cooperative approach. fied about this same issue before two nominee. In the last several weeks, President House subcommittees. Should he be Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, the Con- Bush has withdrawn the United States confirmed, Mr. Bolton will play a stitution gives the Senate the power to from the Kyoto Protocol, sent the major role in overseeing United States advise and consent on the President’s South Korean President home with no arms sales to Taiwan, one of the most nominations. This is a responsibility commitment that we will continue to important—and most potentially vola- that I take very seriously. While I be- work on reducing the dangers from tile—issues in United States policy to- lieve the President is entitled to the North Korea’s ballistic missile pro- ward Asia. While the State Department benefit of the doubt when selecting the gram, reversed a more than 20-year-old has signed off on ethical questions sur- senior members of his team, the Senate United States policy that has kept the rounding this possible conflict of inter- is not a rubber stamp, and there are peace in the Taiwan Strait, and an- est, I believe United States arms sales times where a careful review leads one nounced that the United States will no policy toward Taiwan can not help but to the conclusion that a nomination longer concern itself with negotiations be affected—least in perception, if not must be opposed. to control and reduce the strategic nu- in fact—by Mr. Bolton’s past relation- President Bush has made some excel- clear arsenal of the former Soviet ship with the Government of Taiwan. lent choices for several of the top for- Union. Last week, in what will as- On another issue of great importance eign policy positions in his administra- suredly not be the last evidence of to stability in Asia, Mr. Bolton has tion—from for Secretary

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:16 Dec 20, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA425\1997-2008-FILES-4-SS-PROJECT\2001-SENATE-REC-FILES\RECFILES-NEW\S mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4452 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 8, 2001 of State to Howard Baker for Ambas- confirmation hearing, Mr. Bolton lacks over, he argued that ‘‘[w]hile treaties sador to Japan. But the nomination of the diplomatic temperament for this may well be politically or even morally Mr. Bolton is not one of those choices. job. binding, they are not legally obliga- I will oppose the nomination of John He is prone to making confusing tory. They are just not ‘law’ as we ap- Bolton for the position of Under Sec- statements and using inflammatory prehend them.’’ In fact, the principle retary of State for Arms Control and rhetoric against those with whom he that treaties and other forms of inter- International Security, because I have does not agree. He once stated that national law are binding is widely ac- serious concerns about Mr. Bolton’s ex- ‘‘Republicans are adults on foreign pol- cepted. Whether trading with other na- perience, his diplomatic temperament, icy questions, and we define what we’re tions or insisting on the right to tra- and his record. willing to do militarily and politically verse international water or airspace, Before proceeding further, it should by what is in the best interests of the we rely on treaties and international be stated that it is becoming increas- United States.’’ What does this mean? agreements to protect our interests. ingly clear that there is a double Do Democrats not act in the best inter- It is true that treaties and other standard in the Senate’s treatment of ests of the United States? Are Demo- agreements are just one part of inter- President Bush’s nominees and those of crats like Lee Hamilton, , national security. Nevertheless, they President Clinton. During the Clinton and James Sasser not adults on foreign are an extremely important part. Mr. administration, nominations often lan- policy? It is a ludicrous and offensive Bolton’s statements make me seriously guished for months—and in some cases statement. question his commitment to this as- years—before the Senate, without ever On another occasion, Mr. Bolton at- pect of our security, and I do not want coming to the floor for a vote. How- tacked those who were concerned about to confirm an individual with this ever, when Democrats object to a Bush the defeat of the Comprehensive Nu- record to a position that is responsible, administration nomination, Repub- clear Test Ban Treaty, CTBT. Some in part, for advancing U.S. interests by licans cry foul and accuse Democrats of were worried that the Senate’s decision upholding and promoting international not playing by the rules. to vote down a major international se- nonproliferation agreements. This double standard is evident with curity pact for the first time since the Finally, I would note that the timing this nomination. President Clinton’s Treaty of Versailles could signal a turn of the vote on Mr. Bolton’s nomination choice for Under Secretary for Arms toward isolationism. Mr. Bolton’s re- could not be worse. From Kyoto to Control and International Security was sponse was that these reactions were missile defense, the Bush administra- John Holum. After being confirmed by ‘‘indications of a profoundly misguided tion has made a number of unilateral the Senate by voice vote, Mr. Holum and potentially dangerous philosophy decisions that have caused great con- served as Director for the Arms Con- in American foreign policy’’ and that cern among our allies in Europe and trol and Disarmament Agency, ACDA, people who held this view were ‘‘timid Asia. And, there are reports that more for 6 years. When ACDA was going to and neo-pacifist.’’ Again, is being vigi- be folded into the State Department, could be on the way—such as lant about the possibility of American President Clinton made a sound deci- ‘‘unsigning’’ the ICC Treaty. I firmly sion to nominate Mr. Holum to be the isolationism, something that contrib- believe that confirming someone to Under Secretary of State for Arms uted to the Second , timid or this important position who has lim- Control and International Security. neo-pacifist? What is a neo-pacifist, ited experience on these issues, lacks Despite his qualifications, a few Repub- anyway? the diplomatic temperament for the And with respect to the International licans blocked John Holum’s nomina- job, and has, at best, a mixed record of Criminal Court, ICC, Mr. Bolton said tion for nearly 2 years, successfully supporting international arms control that ‘‘[s]upport for the International preventing a vote. This stands in stark agreements, sends yet another negative Criminal Court concept is based large- contrast to President Bush’s selection signal to our friends and allies. for the very same position. The nomi- ly on emotional appeals to an abstract We need a person in this important nation of Mr. Bolton—who unlike Mr. ideal of an international judicial sys- position who will help craft a bipar- Holum is not well qualified for this po- tem unsupported by any meaningful tisan foreign policy and work with our sition—is being voted on by the full evidence and running contrary to friends and allies to make America Senate after just 2 months. sound principles of international crisis more secure. Mr. Bolton is not that The first reason that I oppose this resolution.’’ Why was the decision to person, and I will vote ‘‘no’’ on his nomination is because Mr. Bolton does sign the Treaty, and join 139 other na- nomination. not have the requisite experience for tions including 17 of our NATO allies, Mr. President, I recognize that Mr. the job. I am aware that he has some emotional? Is it not rational to con- Bolton will receive sufficient votes to solid foreign policy credentials, pre- clude that signing the Treaty enables become our next Under Secretary of viously serving on the Commission on us to maintain the maximum influence State for Arms Control and Inter- International Religious Freedom, as over the ongoing negotiations and ob- national Security. I hope that the fact Assistant Secretary of State for Inter- tain additional concessions in the proc- that he was only reported out of the national Organization Affairs, and as ess? Foreign Relations Committee by a Assistant Administrator of USAID for These are representative of state- margin of one vote, and that several Program and Policy Coordination. But ments from Mr. Bolton that are con- senior Senators with expertise and John Bolton has been nominated for fusing, inaccurate and inflammatory. many years of experience in arms con- the senior position at the State De- While those of us in politics are used to trol opposed his nomination, will cause partment responsible for supervising this sort of thing, effective inter- him to reflect on the way he has ap- and managing complicated negotia- national is not conducted in proached these issues in the past. This tions for arms control and non- this manner. It is not the kind of tem- is a position of great responsibility. He proliferation issues. In these areas, his perament that we need from our most should use it to demonstrate that he experience is seriously deficient. senior arms control official at the can work constructively and respect- This is no time to learn on the job. State Department. fully with people, whether they agree We are confronted by a complex and I am also deeply concerned about Mr. or disagree with him, to help advance rapidly changing security environ- Bolton’s record on arms control and the interests of this nation. ment, which will require sensitive dip- nonproliferation agreements and his Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I lomatic negotiations and consultations views on international law. Although rise today to oppose the nomination of on a wide range of international secu- he has supported some security trea- John R. Bolton as Under Secretary of rity matters with our friends, allies, ties in the past, he is philosophically State for Arms Control and Inter- and adversaries. We need someone in opposed to most of the treaties that national Security. In many ways, Mr. this position with long experience and comprise the foundation of the inter- Bolton’s record, writing, and views lead a proven track record on these issues— national nonproliferation regime. He me to believe that he is the wrong man which Mr. Bolton does not have. once said that the CTBT and other at the wrong time for this position. Second, as Senator BIDEN appro- treaties are ‘‘unenforceable’’ and pro- In considering this nomination I am priately pointed out at Mr. Bolton’s vide ‘‘illusionary protections.’’ More- most troubled by the fact that Mr.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:16 Dec 20, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA425\1997-2008-FILES-4-SS-PROJECT\2001-SENATE-REC-FILES\RECFILES-NEW\S mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 8, 2001 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4453 Bolton’s views appear to be antithet- can expect from the rest of the inter- publican administrations are the Non- ical to both arms control and inter- national community to that question. Proliferation Treaty, the ABM Treaty national law. There are also questions about Mr. and Protocol, the Threshold Test Ban Although he has supported some se- Bolton’s approach to a range of other Treaty, and the Intermediate Nuclear curity treaties, on the whole he has issues on the international agenda Forces Treaty. I would hope that Mr. been highly critical of most of the trea- which, as Under Secretary and a senior Bolton would uphold this tradition ties that comprise the foundations for member of the State Department deci- within his party, but I am skeptical nuclear arms control and nonprolifera- sion-making apparatus, he will play a that will be the case. If so, our nation tion. role. stands to become more insecure rather When the Senate voted down the Mr. Bolton’s views on Taiwan appear than less in the volatile world of to- Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, to be out of step with thirty years of day’s international system. CTBT, for example, it is my under- bipartisan U.S. policy as well as the Recent testimony by Mr. Bolton sug- standing that Mr. Bolton applauded the views of the Bush Administration. gests that he may not be as knowledge- defeat of ‘‘the illusionary protection of He has stated that he believes Tai- able about the significant contribu- unenforceable treaties’’. wan to be a state, and argued for full tions of prior arms control treaties as Arms control treaties and inter- diplomatic recognition of Taiwan and he should be, and, more importantly, national efforts to control the spread an end to the ‘‘One China’’ policy. may not be inclined to support arms of weapons of mass destruction are not Over the past thirty years the Tai- control as a useful mechanism to the only way to address these threats, wan Relations Act, the ‘‘One China’’ achieving national security goals. In the United States must have other policy, the three Joint Communiques, his confirmation hearing before the means and capabilities as well, but and a policy of purposeful ambiguity Senate Foreign Relations Committee, they have a place in U.S. foreign pol- with regards to U.S. defense commit- for example, when asked about his icy, and can play a useful role in safe- ments to Taiwan have served U.S. in- views regarding whether the ABM guarding American interests. terests, and those of Taiwan, extremely Treaty is in force, he withheld his own The CTBT, START, the Anti-Bal- well. It is an approach that has pro- views on this very important matter listic Missile treaty, the Non-Prolifera- vided the United States with both le- which now lies at the center of the tion Treaty, the Chemical Weapons verage and maneuvering room in our most significant national security de- Convention, the Missile Technology relations with both China and Taiwan, bate in our country as well as within Control Regime, alongside many other and has had the support of six Presi- the international community. It seems treaties negotiated by Presidents of dents from both parties as well as to me that if the Senate is to confirm both parties, can and do play an impor- broad bipartisan backing in Congress. a nominee for this important position tant role in reducing the risk to the These are but a few examples of the as Under Secretary of State for Arms United States posed by the prolifera- sort of worrisome issues which lead me Control, it would not be unreasonable tion of Weapons of Mass Destruction. to believe that Mr. Bolton is not the to expect that nominee, even if we are Likewise, Mr. Bolton has made com- right person to serve as Under Sec- in disagreement, to have a well-devel- ments that suggest that international retary. oped, articulate view of this critical treaties do not have the force of law, The questions that have been raised question. I believe that the Senate and and raising questions about the com- about Mr. Bolton’s views on a range of the American people have a right to ex- mitment that states should have to arms control, international law, and pect that someone who would assume their treaty obligations. other national security issues strongly this key advisory position would be He has written that ‘‘while treaties suggests that Mr. Bolton does not meet able to answer that question in an in- may well be politically or even morally the necessary threshold for confirma- formed, straightforward way. I’m con- binding, they are not legally obliga- tion by the Senate as Under Secretary cerned that we still don’t know if Mr. tory. They are just not ‘law’ as we ap- of State. I do not make this statement Bolton is well-educated on the validity prehend the term.’’ lightly, but I do so with the recogni- and utility of the ABM Treaty. I for In arguing that the U.S. has no obli- tion that the Senate has the right, the one am reticent to hand over the keys gation to pay our share of the United obligation, to provide advice and con- to a car when I don’t know where the Nations dues Mr. Bolton argued that sent to the President’s appointments. driver is going to take me. The ABM ‘‘Treaties are ‘law’ only for U.S. do- I urge my colleagues to join me in Treaty is so vitally important, I be- mestic purposes. In their international opposing the confirmation of Mr. lieve the American people have a right operation, treaties are simply ‘polit- Bolton. to know where Mr. Bolton wants to go. ical’ obligations.’’ Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I rise In his writings and testimony, Mr. This approach suggests that inter- to urge my colleagues to oppose the Bolton referred generically to treaties national treaties are unenforceable; nomination of Mr. John Bolton to be- that are unenforceable and that pro- that signatories may pick and choose come the Under Secretary of State for vide only illusory protections. He the sections they will adhere to; and Arms Control and International Secu- would include the Comprehensive Test that the United States, by virtue of our rity. Many in the Senate disagree with Ban Treaty in that category, a belief status, may insist on other the substantive views of Mr. Bolton on that suggests to me a lack of under- countries fulfilling their treaty obliga- particular policy issues and will oppose standing about our verification capa- tions while reserving the right to ig- his nomination on the basis of those bilities with respect to countries which nore our own. disagreements. I too disagree with Mr. might seek to initiate a nuclear weap- But how can the United States hope Bolton on a range of important foreign ons program as well as nuclear weap- to compel other countries, especially policy issues, but my opposition to his ons states which might seek to advance states like Iraq, Iran, and North Korea nomination comes from broader and their own capabilities in any militarily to respect international law and norms deeper concerns. First among them, I significant way. Though the Senate has on non-proliferation if the top State believe that whoever serves in this po- not thoroughly debated this question, Department official for arms control sition should be experienced, knowl- the experts I have spoken with assure does not? edgeable, and philosophically compat- me that the CTBT is verifiable con- Mr. Bolton has also suggested that ible with the use of arms control as a sistent with our highest priority non- ‘‘There is no such thing as the United legitimate tool of the national security proliferation national security con- Nations . . .’’. objectives of the United States. Arms cerns. Before voting to confirm Mr. How effective can United States lead- control treaties have served our na- Bolton, the Senate should know more ership be in the international commu- tional security interests well during about the specifics of his views on this nity if these views guide U.S. policy? In past decades, including important and similar matters in order to deter- some ways, Mr. President, I think the major treaties signed and ratified by mine whether his views are well- recent loss of the U.S. seat on the Republican administrations. Notable grounded or simply an expression of a Human Rights Commission provides us among the many important and effec- visceral distrust of arms control as a an early indication of what answer we tive arms control contributions by Re- national security tool.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:16 Dec 20, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA425\1997-2008-FILES-4-SS-PROJECT\2001-SENATE-REC-FILES\RECFILES-NEW\S mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4454 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 8, 2001 I am equally concerned that his ing the Presidential appointments to stated that he does not believe that views rejecting the binding nature of ensure that our national interests are these agreements are legally binding international treaties is incompatible being served. And, in juggling these on the United States, but rather are with the internationally accepted posi- two sometimes conflicting concepts, I ‘‘political obligations.’’ This stance is tion on this fundamental legal ques- have generally given the benefit of the contrary to United States interests of tion. In his writings, Mr. Bolton has in- doubt to the individual selected by the promoting respect for international dicated that although treaties may be President. law and upholding the good faith agree- politically or morally binding, they are Very rarely over the years have I ments entered into among our allies to not legally binding. I suspect that voted against nominees. On those occa- honor these treaties. In addition, such while he would demand compliance of sions in which I have chosen to do so, statements in the area of arms control, other nations to an international trea- it has been because I have had serious by the person who will occupy the very ty as a matter of law, he would defend doubts about the ability of the indi- post charged with upholding our treaty instances of U.S. non-compliance as vidual to carry out the responsibilities obligations, not only diminishes our our legal right. At a time when the of the office to which he or she has credibility in the eyes of our allies, but President of the United States has spo- been nominated. Regrettably, I hold also compromises the best interests of ken repeatedly of the need for our na- such doubts about the nomination be- our national security. Arms control is tion to approach other countries with fore us today—John Bolton to the posi- a global issue, not an American one, humility, Mr. Bolton’s view on this tion of Under Secretary of State for and while we must forge policies con- matter strikes me as completely unac- Arms Control. Based upon Mr. Bolton’s sistent with America’s interests, we ceptable. own statements and writings over the cannot create policy in a vacuum, and Perhaps, it comes down to this. years, as well as his testimony during to act unilaterally on an issue of such Every time the Senate debates an arms his confirmation hearing, I have seri- import would be foolish. control agreement the question is ous reservations about his ability to In terms of the ABM treaty, I believe asked, ‘‘Will our nation be more secure discharge his duties in the area of arms that President Bush is correct when he with or without this Treaty?’’ For control. My reservations are of such a says that the world is quite different those who answer ‘‘without’’, they con- magnitude that they rise to a level so today than it was in 1972 when the clude that the nation is more secure as to outweigh my general practice of treaty was first entered into with the without making international commit- deferring to the President on nomina- then . Clearly every word ments. Their crystal ball suggests that tions. of that treaty should not be cast in without international agreements, na- There is no question that Mr. Bolton stone. There may be changes to the tional self interest will be sufficient to is an individual of integrity and intel- treaty that would benefit United ensure national security. Given Mr. ligence. He has demonstrated those States interests without undermining Bolton’s position in opposition to key qualities throughout his career—most the principle purpose of the treaty—to prevent a costly and dangerous inter- arms control agreements of our time, recently at the American Enterprise national arms race. It is certainly ap- I’m very concerned that he believes Institute, and the Commission on propriate that the President undertake that U.S. unilateralism is the only reli- International Religious Freedom. How- a review of this treaty. But this can be able means to assure our national secu- ever, there is glaringly absent from his accomplished while still honoring our otherwise distinguished record, any rity. I strongly reject that view. current treaty obligations and without Unilateralism is reversible and unpre- substantial background in the area of a rush to judgement. The ABM treaty dictable, and in my view, portends arms control—the principle area of re- may need updating, but unilaterally greater instability among nations. Be- sponsibility for the position to which abrogating this treaty or any other fore I’d vote to confirm Mr. Bolton, Mr. he has been nominated. It is not only treaty that the United States has en- President, I’d like very much to know that Mr. Bolton has limited experience tered into is a major step not to be what Mr. Bolton’s view of what a in the arms control arena, but also taken lightly or without consultations. unilateralist world looks like to him that in his few dealings with this sub- While Mr. Bolton has stopped short of without the ABM Treaty, the CTBT ject matter he has expressed doubts as calling for the unilateral abrogation of Treaty, or any other arms control trea- to the relevancy of arms control itself. the treaty, his cavalier attitude toward ty to which he is opposed. Until he can I find it troubling that the individual our participation in the ABM treaty convince me that it would be a safer that the President and the Secretary of and to the responsibilities that we bind world, I’ll withhold my vote. I urge my State will look to in the areas of non- ourselves to when we enter into these colleagues of the Senate to do the proliferation, arms control and secu- international agreements is disturbing. same. rity assistance holds that view. Arms I am further troubled by Mr. Bolton’s Mr. DODD. Mr. President, as you control issues loom large on the Presi- views on such sensitive foreign policy know, I generally believe that any dent’s agenda as he demonstrated last issues as the so called ‘‘One China Pol- President, Democratic or Republican, week when he spoke at the National icy,’’ and on the nature and extent of has the right to appoint the members Defense University on the topic of Na- U.S. arms sales to Taiwan. I am par- of his administration. That is why, tional Missile Defense, NMD —an ex- ticularly concerned at a time when over the years, I have generally voted tremely controversial subject with Chinese-American relations have taken in support of the vast majority of pres- huge implications for United States a turn toward the adversarial. When idential nominees that have come be- arms control policy. NMD, The Com- the characterization of the U.S.-China fore the Senate. However, I am also prehensive Test Ban Treaty, CTBT, and relationship as ‘‘strategic competi- mindful of the fact that the Founding the future of the 1972 ABM treaty are tion’’ provokes indignation in , Fathers gave the U.S. Senate a role in all subjects in which the President and one can only imagine the ramifications the nomination process, namely that of the Congress will have to come to some of Mr. Bolton’s public support for the advice and consent. This responsibility meeting of the minds on during the official recognition of Taiwan as an was given to the Senate in order to en- coming months. The Under Secretary independent state, a position which sure that the President did not misuse of State for Arms Control will have to contradicts over three decades of U.S. his authority in selecting individuals play a pivotal role in facilitating that diplomacy that has successfully bal- to serve in positions of public trust or process. Mr. Bolton’s having a anced our interests in Asia. Although ones with significant implications for dismissive attitude toward arms reduc- Mr. Bolton has stressed that the Under- the national security of this country. I tion and arms control right from the secretary of State for Arms Control have always ought to balance these start gives him very little credibility does not have responsibility for di- two principles, that the President has with those of us who care deeply about rectly shaping diplomatic relations be- been elected by the American people to arms controls issues and are concerned tween the U.S. and China, separating do a job and he should be able to decide about the direction the Administration arms control issues from U.S./China how best to do it, and that the Con- appears to be heading in this area. policy is neither feasible nor advisable stitution of the United States charges With respect to CTBT and other at a time when China sees itself, right- the United States Senate with review- international treaties, Mr. Bolton has ly or wrongly, as a target of the Bush

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:16 Dec 20, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA425\1997-2008-FILES-4-SS-PROJECT\2001-SENATE-REC-FILES\RECFILES-NEW\S mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 8, 2001 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4455 administration’s decisions to move for- Bolton has taken regarding America’s helps the Nation to achieve these all- ward with National Missile Defense and foreign policy. He explained his posi- important goals for our country and to sell arms to Taiwan. tions during his confirmation hearing our planet. It is this special responsi- Mr. Bolton has also expressed worri- and gave assurances that he accepts bility of the Under Secretary to pro- some views on U.S. involvement in the and will respect America’s obligations tect the United States by working to Balkan , stating that he saw ‘‘ no under international law. He is espe- control the proliferation of weapons of tangible national interest’’ in those cially intent on working to control the mass destruction. conflicts. And while it is true that spread of weapons of mass destruction As Senior Adviser to the President, American territory or interests were to rogue states. I therefore conclude the Under Secretary works with the not directly threatened by the blood- that Mr. Bolton falls within the cri- Secretary of State and members of the shed in the Balkans, certainly insta- teria of acceptability for confirmation National Security Council, leads the bility in Europe must always be a mat- to the job for which he has been nomi- interagency policy process on non- ter of concern to the United States as nated by the President. proliferation, and manages global U.S. should human rights abuses that rise Mr. KOHL. Mr. President, I have seri- security policy. He is involved in de- to the level of near genocide. I am con- ous concerns about confirming John fense cooperation, arms transfers and cerned at Mr. Bolton’s seemingly insu- Bolton to be the next Under Secretary security assistance to our allies. He lar view of American interests and re- of State for Arms Control. The person provides policy direction for the non- sponsibilities. who serves in this position is expected proliferation of nuclear missiles and Finally, Mr. Bolton has at times been to supervise and manage international fissile material. He has a primary role outspoken and provocative in his pub- arms control negotiations and non-pro- in the negotiation, ratification, lic remarks about international affairs. liferation agreements and to uphold verification, compliance, and imple- He has been known to stray from a key arms control treaty obligations. mentation of agreements on strategic, simple statement of opinion to more Yet, John Bolton has said he believes non-conventional and conventional controversial pronouncements about that the very agreements he would be forces, regional security and military subjects which are approached with required to uphold and negotiate are cooperation. tremendous sensitivity by most foreign not even legally binding. His role is also to oversee implemen- policy experts. As Undersecretary of International arms control agree- tation of the Foreign Assistance Act, State for Arms Control Mr. Bolton will ments are the linchpin of our national the Arms Export Control Act, and re- be responsible for high level negotia- security. They have played a vital role lated legislation. The Bureaus of Arms tions with allies and other govern- in keeping the peace, increasing our se- Control, Nonproliferation, and Polit- ments concerning the gravest matters curity and halting the spread of weap- ical-Military Affairs and Verification of national and international security. ons of mass destruction and the mis- and Compliance are under the policy Regrettably, I am uncomfortable with siles that deliver them. They made a oversight of the Under Secretary. the idea of Mr. Bolton in such delicate significant contribution towards reduc- The position carries enormous re- situations. ing nuclear threats during the Cold sponsibilities, and I am not persuaded The world we live in today is dan- War, they helped us reduce the pres- that Mr. Bolton has the vision and gerous. For better or worse, the United ence of conventional forces in Europe commitment to advance America’s States must play a major role in ensur- in the post- era, and they have best interests, especially in arms con- ing that there are safeguards to protect been an important tool in the response trol. our national security and foreign pol- to the growing non-proliferation Mr. Bolton has said that ‘‘inter- icy interests. Without doubt these dan- threat. national treaties are ‘laws’ purely for gers include the possibility of the pro- Not only does John Bolton have lim- domestic purposes’’ and in their ‘‘inter- liferation of weapons of mass destruc- ited experience in the arms control national operation, they are simply po- tion. It may be true that no longer is arena, but he has dismissed the Com- litical obligations.’’ He has described our main concern a purposeful attack prehensive Test Ban Treaty and some treaties as useless, because they don’t by another superpower, but rather the other treaties as ‘‘illusionary protec- stop rogue states from doing what they accidental or capricious bombing by a tions.’’ He has been disdainful of sup- seek and only restrain the U.S. from rogue nation. It may also be true, as porters of the CTBT and, he has been pursuing its own defense initiatives. Mr. Bolton asserts, that it is time to intentionally evasive about his views Mr. Bolton has also been an out- re-examine our international arms on the ABM Treaty. I question whether spoken critic of the Anti-Ballistic Mis- framework, but it is not a time for iso- Mr. Bolton could serve effectively in sile Treaty and the Comprehensive lation or bravado. Given the the crit- this position given his views and the Test Ban Treaty, referring to the latter ical negotiations and challenges that inflammatory manner in which he has as an ‘‘unenforceable treaty with illu- await the new administration, there is communicated these views in his years sory protections.’’ no room for inexperience. We need a out of public service. Mr. Bolton praised the defeat of the skilled and steady hand shaping a dis- I am not questioning the integrity of Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty in the armament policy that is right for the this nominee or his fitness for govern- Senate. He called Americans who wor- 21st Century. In my view Mr. Bolton ment service in general. I also believe ried that nuclear proliferation would does not possess such qualities, and we must be careful not to reject nomi- threaten international peace and secu- that is why I have reluctantly decided nees just because we object to their rity ‘‘hysterical.’’ He described the phi- to vote against his nomination for this views. However, when a person like losophy behind supporting a treaty critical position. John Bolton is put forward, a person that bans dangerous nuclear testing as Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, I whose views seem to undermine the ‘‘profoundly misguided and potentially am voting in favor of John Bolton for very purpose for which he is being dangerous.’’ the position of Undersecretary of State nominated, I believe we have a respon- The CTBT is an important part of for Arms Control and International Se- sibility to speak out. John Bolton is our global non-proliferation efforts, curity Affairs. Mr. Bolton is the Presi- not an appropriate choice for Under and it has been endorsed by General dent’s choice, and I have generally sup- Secretary of State for Arms Control John Shalikashvili. Earlier this year, ported the tradition of respect by the and I will be voting against this nomi- General Shalikashvili, Special Advisor Senate for confirming the President’s nation. to the President on this treaty, stated nominees except in rare instances. I Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I op- in a letter to the President that ‘‘there disagree with some of the positions Mr. pose the nomination of John Bolton to is no good reason to delay ratification Bolton holds, particularly his opposi- be Under Secretary of State for Arms of the CTBT’’ and that ‘‘ the longer the tion to some of the arms control trea- Control, Nonproliferation and Inter- U.S. delays, the more likely it is that ties that were negotiated over many national Security. other countries will move irrevocably years by his predecessors at the Arms The Under Secretary must be able to to acquire nuclear weapons or signifi- Control and Disarmament Agency. But develop and shape arms control and cantly improve their current nuclear I also agree with other positions Mr. disarmament policies in a way that arsenal and the less likely it is that we

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:16 Dec 20, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA425\1997-2008-FILES-4-SS-PROJECT\2001-SENATE-REC-FILES\RECFILES-NEW\S mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4456 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 8, 2001 could mobilize a strong international more effective arms control, non-pro- posed to most of the international coalition against such activities.’’ liferation and disarmament policies to treaties that comprise the non- Yet Mr. Bolton has criticized the someone who believes that inter- proliferation regime.’’ treaty for not providing ‘‘adequate pro- national security is best maintained by Mr. Bolton was a vocal opponent of tections’’ and ‘‘hobbling the United continuing the nuclear arms race. the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. States’ ability to maintain the most I am also deeply concerned about Mr. He said that supporters of the CTBT important international guarantee of Bolton’s views on the United Nations. were ‘‘misguided individuals following peace’’—which is, in Mr. Bolton’s view, As Under Secretary, he would advise a timed and neo-pacifist line of ‘‘a credible U.S. nuclear capability.’’ the President and the Secretary of thought.’’ He also stated that ‘‘Mere I also have serious reservations about State on policy decisions on U.S. secu- promises by adversaries and rogue re- Mr. Bolton’s views on the Anti-Bal- rity commitments worldwide and on gimes, unverifiable in critical respects, listic Missile Treaty. In the years since arms transfers and security assistance simply do not provide adequate protec- the United States and the Soviet Union policy and programs. He would need to tions and may actually hobble our abil- signed the ABM Treaty in 1972, it has work with the international commu- ity to maintain the most important been a major part of U.S. nuclear arms nity and the United Nations to meet international guarantee of peace—a control policy. By ensuring that our these goals. Yet, in 1994, Mr. Bolton credible U.S. nuclear capability.’’ I nuclear arsenal remains an effective wrote starkly that ‘‘there is no such would like to note that history would deterrent, the ABM Treaty prevented thing as the United Nations.’’ He has indicate Mr. Bolton is incorrect, since an escalating arms race with the So- said that the majority of Congress and the United States has been able to viet Union and more recently with most Americans do not care about los- maintain an awesome nuclear stock- Russia. The treaty continues to bring ing the U.S. vote in the General Assem- pile while complying with arms control significant stability to the U.S.-Russia bly. Virtually every other nation in the treaties that have been the cornerstone nuclear partnership in the post-Cold world supports the United Nations and of the prevention of nuclear war for the War world. the United States should be dedicated past fifty years. Furthermore, while Mr. Bolton has contended that Na- to strengthening, not weakening, it. Mr. Bolton is certainly entitled to his tional Missile Defense should be one of The Under Secretary of State for opinions on arms control treaties, his the our primary considerations in deal- Arms Control, Nonproliferation and opinions indicate that he may not be ing with proliferation and inter- International Security should work to best suited for a position which re- national security. But this view is in strengthen our international treaties quires upholding and negotiating trea- conflict with the Under Secretary’s re- and our relations with other countries, ties on a daily basis. sponsibility to protect our Nation not dismantle or destroy them. I am Mr. Bolton also does not seem to against threats in a way that is con- not convinced that Mr. Bolton is com- have a very high opinion of the United sistent with our treaty obligations. Mr. mitted to these critical goals. Nations, the organization with which Bolton’s view that Russia will take ad- His views do not represent a positive he would have to work closely in devel- vantage of any U.S. vulnerability could approach to key arms control issues, oping and maintaining U.S. inter- hinder essential and continued co- and I urge the Senate to oppose his national security policy. At different operation with that nation. nomination. points in the past few years, Mr. I am concerned as well by Mr. Mr. REED. Mr. President, I rise to Bolton has stated that ‘‘If the UN sec- Bolton’s views on our relations with state my opposition to the nomination retary building in NY lost 10 stories, it North Korea and China. Since 1996, the of John Bolton to be Undersecretary of wouldn’t make a bit of difference.’’ He United States has embarked on a deli- State for Arms Control and Inter- also stated that the U.S. has no obliga- cate negotiation with North Korea. national Security. I want to clarify tion to pay its UN dues because ‘‘The The agreed framework has achieved re- that I respect the right of the Presi- UN Charter is fundamentally a polit- newed dialogue between North and dent to choose those who will serve ical, not a legal document. On finances South Korea, and could be the begin- him in his Administration. I also rec- it amounts to little more than an ning of a serious effort to achieving an ognize that many of the appointees in ‘agreement to agree.’ ’’ Despite the fact arms control agreement with North this Administration will have views that the UN may seem bureaucratic Korea. It has created an unprecedented which differ from my own—and those and slow to act at times, it is the pri- opportunity for the U.S. and North differences are not reason enough to mary instrument for international co- Korea to work together. But Mr. vote against a nomination. However, in operation, and I believe U.S. participa- Bolton has been outspoken in his oppo- this case, I believe there is ample evi- tion is vital to ensure U.S. national se- sition to the agreement, calling it an dence that Mr. Bolton has deeply held curity. ‘‘egregious mistake.’’ views which run so contrary to stated In addition, Mr. Bolton does not ap- Mr. Bolton has stated that normal- U.S. policy that he will not be able to pear to believe that the tenets of inter- izing relations with North Korea and effectively perform his duties. national law are binding. In 1999, Mr. the goals it would achieve are ‘‘en- If confirmed, statute dictates that Bolton asserted that, ‘‘In reality, inter- tirely in North Korea’s interests, not John Bolton would be the senior assist- national law, especially customary ours.’’ Clearly, efforts to stop the de- ant to the Secretary of State in mat- international law, meets none of the velopment of nuclear weapons in the ters ‘‘related to international security tests we normally impose on ‘law’, Korean Peninsula are in the United policy, arms control and non-prolifera- while treaties may be politically or States’ interest. Yet Mr. Bolton has tion.’’ He would oversee a number of even morally binding, they are not le- also called the agreed framework an issues including the fate of the ABM gally obligatory. They are just not ‘‘unjustifiable propping up of the North Treaty, negotiation with North Korea ‘law’ as we apprehend the term.’’ Since Korean regime.’’ on the Agreed Framework and aid to the founding of this nation, Adminis- I am concerned that Mr. Bolton pre- dismantle Russian nuclear stockpiles. trations have put faith in international sents himself as a nominee who will At a time when the danger from nu- law and treaties created under inter- fundamentally change the objectives of clear weapons is at least as great as national law and entered into by the his office from promoting treaties and during the Cold War, it is essential United States have been regarded, as arms control to urging a national agen- that this Undersecretary be committed the Constitution dictates, ‘‘as the su- da on missile defense. The policies he to using every possible diplomatic op- preme law of the land.’’ promotes could unnecessarily alienate tion for reducing the weapons stockpile Mr. Bolton is clearly an intelligent our allies and undermine arms control and diffusing tensions. Unfortunately, and capable individual. However, his and nonproliferation. because of his previous statements, I publicly stated views and past actions Mr. Bolton has stated that ‘‘the most cannot be confident of Mr. Bolton’s indicate that he believes that it is in important international guarantee of commitment to this goal. As Joseph the best interests of United States se- peace is a credible U.S. nuclear capa- Cirincione, the director of the Carnegie curity to act unilaterally, with little bility.’’ It would be a mistake to en- Non Proliferation Project, stated: regard for the views and agreements of trust the responsibility of achieving ‘‘John Bolton is philosophically op- the international community. We live

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:16 Dec 20, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA425\1997-2008-FILES-4-SS-PROJECT\2001-SENATE-REC-FILES\RECFILES-NEW\S mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 8, 2001 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4457 in an increasingly interdependent the one position I could consider I supposed to be—the primary person world. Today, it is more important would not want him to have in the ad- promoting arms control. than ever before to use such tools as ministration. I note, parenthetically, I have always the United Nations, international law In praising the defeat of the Com- had difficulty voting for nominees who and treaties to promote and ensure prehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty, hold views that are antithetical to or international security and arms con- Mr. Bolton referred to the CTBT, and at odds with the responsibilities they trol. I believe the Undersecretary of other unnamed treaties, as ‘‘unenforce- have. I voted against, for example, fine State for International and Arms Con- able treaties’’ which provide ‘‘illu- men who were nominated to be Sec- trol should be willing to pursue these sionary protections.’’ I realize some retary of the Interior during the avenues, and I think the evidence indi- hold that view. They are not, however, Reagan administration when they were cates that Mr. Bolton would not be the people I think should be in charge of insufficiently committed to the envi- best person for this job. Therefore, I promoting arms control, disarmament, ronment. So I didn’t want to be a party will oppose his nomination. and nonproliferation matters. to putting someone in a position whose The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- The death of the CTBT, he wrote, is avowed purpose was the President’s, pore. The Senator from Delaware. a ‘‘useful opportunity to re-examine in which was antithetical to the purpose Mr. BIDEN. Mr. President, has there a hard-headed and realistic way how of the organization. been time allotted for me to speak on international peace and security are I am also concerned about his limited this nomination? really guaranteed.’’ experience, as I said. Mr. Bolton does The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- Treaties are not the only means of have foreign policy experience, pore. The Senator has 12 minutes. ensuring arms control reductions, but though—I do not think we should un- Mr. BIDEN. Mr. President, I rise to in the last 50 years treaties and agree- derestimate that—at the Agency for oppose the nomination of John Bolton ments have provided the foundation for International Development and as As- to be Under Secretary of State for advancing U.S. arms control and non- sistant Secretary of State for Inter- Arms Control and International Secu- proliferation objectives. From the Nu- national Organizations. He has held rity. I do so for several reasons. I say clear Non-Proliferation Treaty to the those posts. at the outset—and I have said to my START treaties, from the Chemical In the State Department, he did gain friend and colleague, Senator HELMS, Weapons Convention to the Biological some experience in arms control, work- the chairman of the committee—that Weapons Convention, such agreements ing on issues related to the Inter- my opposition to John Bolton is not have been essential in containing the national Atomic Energy Agency and based on a personal concern about threat of dangerous weapons. the Organization for the Prohibition of John Bolton’s overall qualifications. Mr. Bolton has supported some arms Chemical Weapons, but these activities He is an intelligent, bright, decent, and control treaties, I might add, including were hardly a major part of his duties. honest man. Notwithstanding an edi- the Chemical Weapons Convention, In the last 8 years, Mr. Bolton has torial in one of the major newspapers where he and I were on one side, and written extensively on foreign policy, in this country, there is nothing incon- the chairman was on the other side. but he wrote very little about arms sistent about that in my opposing the But his sweeping statements deriding control. That is not a bad thing, but it nomination of him relating to this spe- the importance of arms control leave still leaves us with a person with little cific position. me uneasy about his commitment to experience in the arms control field, to I want my colleague from North the task. which many of our senior people devote Carolina to know that my opposition is My discomfort level is increased by their entire careers. based—and which he will soon hear, Mr. Bolton’s questioning of whether Chairman HELMS has cited a letter and he knows because we have talked treaties are even binding. He wrote: from former Directors of the Arms about it—on Mr. Bolton’s views on [W]hile treaties may well be politically or Control and Disarmament Agency in arms control primarily. This is a de- even morally binding, they are not legally support of Mr. Bolton. The signatory of cent and an honorable man, but I think obligatory. They are just not ‘‘law’’ as we ap- that letter most recently in the arms he is the wrong man for this job. prehend the term. control job is a man named Ron Leh- I add at the outset, I think his views Similarly, Mr. Bolton once testified man. I wish we had someone of Mr. on some of the major issues in the area to Congress—recently; as a matter of Lehman’s experience before us. of foreign policy are at odds with the fact, in the last several years—that I might add, Mr. Bolton is just as stated views of the Secretary of State, treaties are ‘‘political’’ and ‘‘not le- bright. This is a fellow who is a Yale although I am certain the Secretary of gally binding, to the extent that they undergraduate, went to Yale Law State supports Mr. Bolton. I am not purport to affect relations among na- School, and is an extremely bright fel- implying that there is opposition with- tional governments.’’ low. But he does not have Mr. Leh- in the State Department to Mr. Bolton. In response to a written question, he man’s experience. Let me give you the reasons, as brief- stated the matter a bit differently, say- When Mr. Lehman was nominated in ly as I can, that I am concerned about ing, ‘‘I believe that treaties bind the 1989, he had already held three jobs Mr. Bolton’s views on arms control. United States,’’ which I have difficulty, with firsthand arms control experience He comes to the Senate with an ex- quite frankly, squaring with his pre- before he was nominated. He was As- tensive record of Government service vious writings. sistant Secretary of Defense for Inter- but a very limited record in arms con- If confirmed, Mr. Bolton would super- national Security Policy, where he trol and nonproliferation matters, vise some of the most important treaty dealt with U.S. nuclear policy, arms which, as the Presiding Officer knows, obligations. I find Mr. Bolton’s views control, space policy, and technology is an extremely complicated area—ex- on those issues relating to treaty obli- transfer controls. He was the chief U.S. tremely complicated area. gations very troubling—very troubling. negotiator on strategic nuclear arms; What we do know about Mr. Bolton’s I am also concerned about Mr. that is, the START talks. And he was views on arms control and non- Bolton’s limited experience in arms the Senior Director at the National Se- proliferation matters suggests an indi- control. By law, the Under Secretary is curity Council for Defense Programs vidual who questions the relevance of the senior assistant to the Secretary of and Arms Control. This man came with arms control agreements. State in matters ‘‘related to inter- an incredible amount of experience. In My friend from North Carolina, the national security policy, arms control, short, Mr. Lehman was literally chairman of the committee, questions and non-proliferation.’’ steeped in arms control. the relevance of the arms control As a matter of fact, in the reorga- On other foreign policy issues, Mr. agreements, and I find him to be an ex- nization effort spurred and led by my Bolton has been outside the main- tremely qualified Senator. We just dis- friend from North Carolina, the chair- stream. He has called for diplomatic agree on the issue. I would vote for him man of the committee, we moved this recognition of Taiwan, a position at for just about anything. I would prob- position into the State Department. It odds with three decades of American ably vote for him even for this posi- used to sit outside the State Depart- diplomacy—and contrary to the posi- tion, but maybe I would not. This is ment. This was supposed to be—and is tion of this administration.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:16 Dec 20, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA425\1997-2008-FILES-4-SS-PROJECT\2001-SENATE-REC-FILES\RECFILES-NEW\S mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4458 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 8, 2001 Mr. Bolton once wrote that the wars former Senator Baker, the majority and he says it well, which is precisely in Kosovo and Chechnya involved ‘‘no leader, Mr. Cutler, a top lawyer in what is needed at the State Depart- tangible national interest.’’ In the Democratic administrations, a bipar- ment. committee hearing, he changed his tisan group, saying the most dangerous Mr. Bolton comes to this position at tune a bit, saying that there was no threat we face is loose nukes in the So- a crucial time because he will confront vital national interest in the Balkans. viet Union. They predicted that there many security issues, not the least of Nonetheless, I am concerned that Mr. is an incredibly greater likelihood which is President Bush’s pledge to Bolton’s consistent criticism of the there would be a nuclear, chemical, or build and deploy a missile defense sys- NATO action in Kosovo indicates a biological weapon used in the United tem. Proceeding with that plan will re- lack of commitment to the stability of States as a consequence of the inad- quire close consultation with our allies Southeastern Europe—a position I find equacy of the Russian system pro- and much hand holding with Russia. unacceptable for the person who would tecting those systems than there was John Bolton’s extensive experience in supervise security assistance programs from anything else that could happen building international support for U.S. to the region. and suggested a robust investment in positions—remember his service as As- I am concerned, finally, about Mr. our policy to deal with nonprolifera- sistant Secretary of State for Inter- Bolton’s diplomatic temperament for tion issues, particularly as they stem national Organizations—will serve him this position, which involves the man- from the disorganization combined and the country well. agement of complex negotiations in a with the incredible array of weaponry John Bolton comes with high rec- wide range of arms control and non- lying around Russia. ommendations and endorsements of proliferation issues. Stated another In the questioning, particularly by some of the Nation’s most distin- way: It takes the patience of Job. I am our colleague from Florida, it became guished foreign policy experts. Four not sure how good I would be in the po- pretty clear that Mr. Bolton does not former Directors of the Arms Control sition. These are sensitive and difficult share that sense of urgency at all. He is and Disarmament Agency have written negotiations. Mr. Bolton’s penchant for in charge of the nonproliferation side, to endorse John Bolton. I ask unani- inflammatory rhetoric gives me pause the man who will be advising the Sec- mous consent that these letters be about his ability to handle this task. retary of State. printed in the RECORD at the conclu- Following defeat of the Comprehen- For all those reasons, I reluctantly sion of my remarks. sive Test Ban Treaty, Mr. Bolton cast my vote against Mr. Bolton. As I The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without heaped scorn on proponents of the said, we have been on opposite sides of objection, it is so ordered. Treaty—I don’t take that personally— issues, he and I, for a long time. When (See Exhibit 1.) who expressed concerns that its defeat I was chairman of the Judiciary Com- Mr. HELMS. I also have at hand a marked an isolationist turn for the mittee, he was the main man pushing letter written and signed by former United States and might lead to accel- nominations for the Administration. Secretaries of State , erated nuclear proliferation. We were butting heads all the time. I Jim Baker, and Larry Eagleburger, He wrote that such fears are ‘‘indica- learned to respect his intelligence, I among others, urging John Bolton’s tions of a profoundly misguided and po- learned to respect his drive, and I confirmation by the Senate. I ask tentially dangerous philosophy in learned to respect how tough he was. It unanimous consent that the letter be American foreign policy,’’ and said is not that I don’t know Mr. Bolton. I printed in the RECORD. that such analysis is ‘‘timid and neo- know him in that capacity. This is a There being no objection, the letter pacifist.’’ He has a right to say that, different capacity. It requires a dif- was ordered to be printed in the but it is not the language of or tem- ferent temperament and a different at- RECORD, as follows: perament of people who have been in titude in order to promote what I be- APRIL 24, 2001. that position. Well, this senator ex- lieve to be the single most important Hon. TRENT LOTT, pressed those fears, as did some of my job for someone carrying this portfolio Senate Majority Leader, U.S. Senate, Wash- colleagues. within the State Department. ington, DC. Mr. Bolton once said that ‘‘Repub- I urge my colleagues to vote no, al- DEAR MR. LEADER: We support the nomina- licans are adults on foreign policy though I must tell the Senate, I have tion of John Bolton to serve as Under Sec- questions, and we define what we’re done no whipping. I have not checked retary of State for Arms Control and Inter- national Security, and hope that the Senate willing to do militarily and politically in terms of who is where on any of will move rapidly to confirm him for that po- by what is in the best interests of the these votes. I want to make it clear sition. John is knowledgeable, intelligent, United States.’’ Is he seriously imply- why I am voting no on this nomina- experienced, and is clearly well qualified. In ing that Democrats are not adults on tion. prior government positions as Assistant Sec- foreign policy questions and do not I thank the Chair. I see my friend retary of State and Assistant Attorney Gen- worry about the best interests of the and chairman is prepared to speak. I eral, he has acquitted himself well and United States? yield the floor. served our country admirably. He will do no less as Under Secretary for Arms Control. What does that suggest about his The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. EN- We are strong supporters of the proposition ability to work with Democratic Sen- SIGN). The Senator from North Caro- that a President should have the right to ators? lina. choose his senior advisors and is entitled to This kind of inflamed rhetoric is Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I ask surround himself with those who share his what we might expect on talk radio, unanimous consent that it be in order beliefs. We well understand that some may but we do not expect to hear it in dip- for me to deliver my remarks seated. not agree with the President’s position on lomatic rooms of the Department of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without various matters or with certain views that State. objection, it is so ordered. John has expressed over the years. But we I believe Mr. Bolton is a capable per- Mr. HELMS. I thank my distin- must observe that all Administration ap- pointees are expected to advocate the poli- son. I respect his intellect and his will- guished friend, , for the depth of his explanation. cies of the President, regardless of their own ingness to serve. But I think he is the personal views. wrong person for this job. Mr. President, I feel obliged to say at John has been a thoughtful scholar and The job of Under Secretary for Arms the outset that of all the talented and also a prolific writer, and contributed sig- Control and International Security is a well-qualified nominees whom Presi- nificantly to our national-security policy de- critical one—its incumbent has the dent Bush has selected for senior for- bate. We, ourselves, are periodic contribu- lead responsibility in the State Depart- eign policy positions in his administra- tors to newspapers and journals. Such writ- ment on arms control and non-pro- tion, John Bolton, in my judgment, ing affords authors a precious opportunity to liferation. I do not believe Mr. Bolton emerges as one of the best and the take strong positions on issues, and to pro- wisest. He is a patriot, a brilliant mote an open and free discussion with other has the vision or the experience nec- scholars and practitioners. If anything we essary for this position. thinker, and a talented writer. But need more such debate, and more original One final thing that concerns me most important, John Bolton has the analysts in government, not fewer. Neither about Mr. Bolton is his lack of enthu- courage of his convictions. He says this President nor future Presidents should siasm for the proposal put forward by what he means he means what he says, be deprived of the services of men and

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:16 Dec 20, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA425\1997-2008-FILES-4-SS-PROJECT\2001-SENATE-REC-FILES\RECFILES-NEW\S mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 8, 2001 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4459 women of conviction, who are prepared to Undersecretary of State for Arms Control Supporters of Israel often look at the U.N. test their views in the marketplace of ideas. and International Security. with a jaundiced eye, given the harsh, dis- We believe it essential for the Senate to During his tenure as Assistant Secretary criminatory treatment that country has conform rapidly the President’s national se- of state for International Organizations, Mr. been subject to over a period of more than curity team. There is much important work Bolton played a leading role in the successful five decades. Nevertheless, many of us under- to be done, and we believe that the nation is 1991 US effort to repeal the infamous ‘‘Zion- stand the important role that organization best served by an Administration that is ism-is-racism’’ resolution. can play, once reformed and freed from the fully staffed as soon as possible. While there may be some policy areas hypocrisy that the Zionism-Racism resolu- Sincerely, where we will differ, John Bolton has dem- tion represented. David Abshire, James A. Baker III, Rich- onstrated both the commitment and integ- We speak as an organization that was in- ard Allen, , Lawrence rity to advance United States interests. vited to San Francisco to participate in the Eagleburger, Henry A. Kissinger, Sincerely, founding of the U.N. in 1945, and which, since , Max M. ABRAHAM H. FOXMAN, the late fifties, has maintained a full time Kampelman, , National Director. U.N./NGO office in New York, and which is James Woolsey. represented at U.N. bodies in Paris, Geneva, THE CUBAN AMERICAN Vienna and . Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, isn’t it NATIONAL FOUNDATION, I urge the Senate’s expeditious support for significant that so many of our Na- Washington, DC, April 25, 2001. Mr. Bolton’s nomination. tion’s leading and senior foreign policy Hon. , Sincerely, experts declare in writing and other- Chairman, Senate Foreign Relations Committee, DANIEL S. MARIASCHIN. wise that John Bolton is eminently 450 Dirksen SOB, Washington, DC. qualified for the responsibilities for DEAR SENATOR HELMS: I would like to offer JEWISH INSTITUTE FOR which the President has nominated my strongest possible endorsement on behalf NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS, of John Bolton for Undersecretary of State Washington, DC, April 17, 2001. him? Of course, the issue is not Mr. for Arms Control and International Security Hon. JESSE HELMS, Bolton’s arms control expertise. The Affairs. U.S. Senate, Dirksen Senate Office Building, issue here is that some Senators oppose Over the years, Mr. Bolton has been a Washington, DC. President Bush’s policy on various champion of freedom worldwide and a pas- DEAR SENATOR HELMS: It is my pleasure to matters and particularly the one in- sionate defender of U.S. interests around the write you in support of the confirmation of volving missile defense. I also suspect globe. His past experience in senior-level po- John Bolton as Under Secretary of Arms sitions at the State and Justice Depart- that there are some Senators who just Control and International Security. Mr. ments, AID, and the International Religious Bolton is greatly admired and respected for don’t like the fact that the administra- Freedom Commission make him uniquely his outspoken advocacy of American inter- tion has put forward the nomination of qualified for such an important position. ests in . As Assistant Sec- a fine American who will very capably In the case of Cuba, Mr. Bolton has con- retary for International Organizations, John implement President George Bush’s sistently revealed a keen understanding of was respected and well regarded. His resume, policy. the true nature of the Castro regime and has as I know you are aware, is highly impres- The distinguished ranking Democrat forcefully rejected the current siren song sive, but not as impressive as the man it rep- that U.S. trade will magically moderate the on the Foreign Relations Committee, resents. Cuban dictator’s behavior. We believe that Mr. Bolton will be a tre- Senator BIDEN, who is my friend and His nomination is of particular interest to mendous asset to the Bush administration. with whom I work closely and pleas- us in several other ways as well. Sober ana- He is dedicated and talented, and his con- antly, put it honestly and forthrightly lysts talk of the continuing international se- firmation will enhance American diplomacy. when he said to John Bolton during curity threat Castro’s Cuba poses to U.S. in- JINSA is a non-profit non-partisan organi- John’s nomination hearing: terests, specifically in the non-conventional zation with over 20,000 members throughout ‘‘asymmetrical’’ sphere. For many years, we the United States who are committed to a This is not about your competence. My have been concerned with Castro’s involve- strong National U.S. Security. We have rep- problem with you over the years has been ment in the development of chemical and bi- resentatives from all sectors of the commu- that you are too competent. I would rather ological weapons. This is of particular inter- nity including over 200 American Admirals that you be stupid and not very effective. est to us as residents of South Florida, where and Generals. Neither of which, I say to my distin- we are within easy reach of Castro’s capabili- Sincerely, guished colleague, John Bolton will ties to cause great harm. TOM NEUMANN. ever, ever be. We are also increasingly troubled by the I respectfully suggest that Senators growing presence of Communist China in THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE, Cuba. It is quite obvious that China is devel- should not be in the business of reject- New York, NY, April 19, 2001. oping that presence to use as leverage Hon. TRENT LOTT, ing nominees because they are too against the U.S. in its support for demo- Majority Leader, U.S. Senate, competent for the job, but I commend cratic Taiwan, as well as to serve as a stra- Washington, DC. Senator BIDEN for his clarity and hon- tegic base to make diplomatic and intel- DEAR MR. LEADER: I am writing to express esty, as always. ligence inroads all over this hemisphere. my support for the Honorable John R. I understand the opposition of some These troubling developments demand a Bolton, who has been nominated to serve our Senators to various administration man like John Bolton, a man who sees the country as Under Secretary of State for world as it really is rather than the way he policies, but I do hope my colleagues Arms Control and International Security Af- wishes it to be. Mr. Chairman, I would like fairs. will give careful consideration to the to reiterate our strongest support for John It was my privilege to have worked closely views of the Anti-Defamation League Bolton, not only for the benefit of the free- with Mr. Bolton from 1989 to 1993, when he and other nonprofit organizations dom-seeking people of Cuba and their sup- served in the Bush Administration as Assist- which have written their support for porters but also for the benefit for the ant Secretary of State for International Or- John Bolton’s nomination. United States of America as a whole. ganization Affairs. Again, I ask unanimous consent that Sincerely yours, We shared a strong interest in the United JORGE MAS, Nations and a profound concern that, as a re- letters, such as the letter from the Chairman. sult of the actions of some member states, Anti-Defamation League and the the world body was being diverted from its American Jewish Committee, which WASHINGTON, DC, central mission. can hardly be regarded as conservative April 13, 2001. In the same spirit, Mr. Bolton believed organizations, be printed in the Senator TRENT LOTT, that the adoption, in 1975, by the United Na- RECORD. U.S. Senate, S–230, The Capitol, Washington, tions General Assembly of Resolution 3379, There being no objection, the letters DC. the odious resolution equating Zionism with DEAR SENATOR LOTT: I’m writing in sup- racism, was a stain on the institution itself were ordered to be printed in the port of the nomination of John Bolton as Un- that could not be left standing, even though RECORD, as follows: dersecretary of State for Arms Control and the repeal of resolutions was essentially un- ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE International Security. heard of in the annals of the U.N. OF B’NAI B’RITH, As Executive Vice President of B’nai To the everlasting credit of Mr. Bolton, he New York, NY, April 16, 2001. B’rith, my organization and I remain grate- spearheaded a successful American-led effort Hon. TRENT LOTT, ful to Mr. Bolton, for his tireless efforts to to repeal Resolution 3379. It took years of pa- Senate Majority Leader, U.S. Senate, Wash- seek repeal of the infamous Zionism-Racism tient planning, extraordinary persistence, ington, DC. resolution at the United Nations, during his and remarkable diplomatic savoir-faire, and DEAR SENATOR LOTT: We are writing in tenure as Assistant Secretary for Inter- it was finally accomplished in 1991. The support of the nomination of John Bolton as national Organization Affairs. lion’s share of the credit for this political

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:16 Dec 20, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA425\1997-2008-FILES-4-SS-PROJECT\2001-SENATE-REC-FILES\RECFILES-NEW\S mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4460 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 8, 2001 and moral triumph goes to Mr. Bolton. As a the US participation in the negotiations of With thanks for your consideration, I am, result of his efforts, to many of us who care complex international treaties and in mak- Sincerely, deeply about the integrity of the United Na- ing best use of these treaties for the intended JOHN HOLUM. tions he has achieved legendary status. arms control purposes. This is of key impor- Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I suggest I have stayed in touch with Mr. Bolton tance for the continuing struggle to curb the the absence of a quorum. since he left government service. Indeed, we proliferation of weapons of mass destruction The PRESIDING OFFICER. The have worked collaboratively under the aus- and to deal with the current proliferation pices of United Nations Watch, a non-profit problems regarding Iraq, North Korea, Iran, clerk will call the roll. watchdog agency established by the late Am- and other nations. The assistant legislative clerk pro- bassador Morris B. Abram, who served the Iraq may well be the most difficult case at ceeded to call the roll. United States with distinction under five this time. It is a fortunate coincidence that Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I ask American presidents. At UN Watch, Mr. John Bolton was deeply involved in the for- unanimous consent that the order for Bolton, who has been an active board mem- mation of UNSCOM and the adoption of UN the quorum call be rescinded. ber, has once again demonstrated his pas- Security Council Resolutions designed to re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without sionate commitment to a fair and just veres Saddam’s weapons programs. This ex- objection, it is so ordered. United Nations and to a strong and effective pertise is greatly needed now as the Bush Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, what is American leadership role in international af- Administration seeks to restore the badly the pending business? fairs. eroded international support for maintaining The PRESIDING OFFICER. The From my experience, I can say without sanctions. hesitation that Mr. Bolton is an individual of Mr. Chairman, we can recommend John pending business is the Bolton nomina- keen intellect with a profound understanding Bolton to the Committee without reserva- tion. of foreign policy, strong principles, and deep tion. He has a thorough knowledge of the Mr. HELMS. Have the yeas and nays commitment to advancement of democracy most pressing arms control and nonprolifera- been ordered? and human rights. tion issues of the day, and we hope that the The PRESIDING OFFICER. No, they I wish to thank you for your consideration Foreign Relations Committee will unani- have not. of these views. Should you require any addi- mously support his nomination. Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I ask for tional information, please do not hesitate to Sincerely, the yeas and nays. be in touch. KENNTH L. ADELMAN, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a Respectfully, FRED C. IKLE, sufficient second? DAVID A. HARRIS. Distinguished Scholar, There is a sufficient second. Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, these Center for Strategic All time has expired. The question is, & International groups support John Bolton because of Will the Senate advise and consent to his political views, because of his polit- Studies. RONALD F. LEHMAN, the nomination of John Robert Bolton, ical expertise, and because of, yes, his of Maryland, to be Under Secretary of personal moral principles. Center for Global Se- curity Research, State for Arms Control and Inter- John Bolton is precisely the kind of Lawrence Livermore national Security? On this question, citizen the United States desperately Laboratory. the yeas and nays have been ordered, needs in this difficult time to have an and the clerk will call the roll. important role in the protection of the JOHN D. HOLUM, The assistant legislative clerk called American people from the threat of Annapolis, MD, April 11, 2001. the roll. missile attack. This man is a thought- Hon. JESSE HELMS, Chairman, The result was announced—yeas 57, Hon. JOE BIDEN, Ranking Minority Member, ful scholar and an accomplished dip- nays 43, as follows: lomat and an honest and decent man. I Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. [Rollcall Vote No. 92 Ex.] urge that the Senate confirm his nomi- DEAR SENATORS HELMS AND BIDEN: I know YEAS—57 nation without further delay. that the Committee is considering President Allard Feingold McConnell Mr. President, I yield the floor. Bush’s nomination of John R. Bolton to be Allen Fitzgerald Miller EXHIBIT 1 Under Secretary of State for Arms Control Bayh Frist Murkowski Bennett Gramm Nelson (NE) MARCH 14, 2001. and International Security, the position I Bond Grassley Nickles Hon. JESSE HELMS, held during the latter days of the Clinton Administration. I congratulate you for hav- Breaux Gregg Roberts Chairman, Senate Committee on Foreign Rela- Brownback Hagel Santorum tions, Dirksen Senate Office Building, SD– ing conducted timely hearings on his nomi- Bunning Hatch Sessions 450, Washington, DC. nation. I hope the Committee will also move Burns Helms Shelby DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: We are pleased that expeditiously to a vote, and not allow the Campbell Hutchinson Smith (NH) you have scheduled a hearing date on Presi- confirmation to be delayed over matters un- Chafee Hutchison Smith (OR) dent Bush’s nomination of John Bolton to related to Mr. Bolton’s fitness for office and Cochran Inhofe Snowe serve as Under Secretary for Arms Control qualifications for this assignment. Collins Jeffords Specter Craig Kyl Stevens and International Security. We strongly sup- No doubt Mr. Bolton and I will find many areas of substantive disagreement. However, Crapo Landrieu Thomas port the President’s selection of John Bolton DeWine Lieberman Thompson for this important position. the most relevant point bearing on his con- Domenici Lott Thurmond As former Directors of the Arms Control firmation is that he has the confidence of the Ensign Lugar Voinovich and Disarmament Agency, we believe John President of the United States and the Sec- Enzi McCain Warner retary of State. Moreover, he has been nomi- Bolton is eminently qualified to serve as NAYS—43 Under Secretary. He brings a wealth of nated for a position with vital responsibil- knowledge to the position as an expert in ities bearing on our national security, in- Akaka Dodd Lincoln cluding advancing our efforts against the Baucus Dorgan Mikulski international law and a great deal of rel- Biden Durbin spread of weapons of mass destruction, lead- Murray evant practical experience as a former As- Bingaman Edwards Nelson (FL) ership in formulating and articulating U.S. sistant Secretary of State for International Boxer Feinstein Reed Organizations. arms control policy, assessing compliance Byrd Graham Reid He has acquired a great deal of experience with arms control agreements, and over- Cantwell Harkin Rockefeller with multinational organizations which have seeing security assistance and munitions ex- Carnahan Hollings Sarbanes Carper Inouye gained in importance for arms control and ports controls. He also faces the task of ful- Schumer Cleland Johnson disarmament, relative to the bilateral fo- filling the potential of our reorganization of Stabenow Clinton Kennedy Torricelli rums that dominated the evolution of arms the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Conrad Kerry control during the Cold War. Also, he is well into the Department of State, and keeping Corzine Kohl Wellstone suited to work with regional organizations arms control and nonproliferation central to Daschle Leahy Wyden that are pursuing arms control agendas, such the Department’s mission. Dayton Levin as the Organization of American States So long as the Under Secretary position is The nomination was confirmed. (which deals with the convention on illicit not filled, the Department’s capacity in Several Senators addressed the weapons trafficking). His prior services as these areas will be diminished, and the Ad- ministration’s ability to advance U.S. inter- Chair. Assistant Secretary of State also acquainted The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- him with the International Atomic Energy ests in the world, including in the vast ma- Agency, and the then emerging structure of jority of matters on which we can all agree, ate will be in order. the Organization for the Prohibition of will be lessened. Therefore, I strongly en- The Senator from Alaska. Chemical Weapons. courage the Committee and the full Senate Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, I As an experienced international lawyer, to act without delay on John Bolton’s nomi- would like to point out to the leader- John Bolton is superbly qualified to guide nation. ship and to the Members, this vote

VerDate Mar 15 2010 03:16 Dec 20, 2013 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA425\1997-2008-FILES-4-SS-PROJECT\2001-SENATE-REC-FILES\RECFILES-NEW\S mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY May 8, 2001 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4461 took 35 minutes. Many of us have hear- resume consideration of S. 1, which the The Senator from Massachusetts. ings on the budget. We have nominees clerk will report by title. Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I hope for various Secretary positions wait- The assistant legislative clerk read the Craig amendment will be defeated. ing. I think it is unreasonable to have as follows: This is really putting the cart before a 35-minute vote. A bill (S. 1) to extend programs and activi- the horse. If you adopt the Craig I yield the floor. ties under the Elementary and Secondary amendment, you are effectively saying The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Education Act of 1965. there will not be any funding at all for ator from Wyoming. Pending: the development of quality testing and Jeffords amendment No. 358, in the nature f accountability systems. of a substitute. President Bush has proposed a three- ORDER OF PROCEDURE Craig amendment No. 372 (to amendment fold increase in three times the amount No. 358), to tie funding under the Elementary Mr. THOMAS. Mr. President, I ask and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to im- of reading funding. That will not be unanimous consent that the next votes proved student performance. available for children if the Craig in the series be limited to 10 minutes Kennedy modified amendment No. 375 (to amendment is adopted. Effectively, each. amendment No. 358), to express the sense of this amendment undermines what The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there the Senate regarding, and to authorize ap- President Bush has stated are his goals propriations for title II, part A, of the Ele- in terms of trying to get increased ac- objection? mentary and Secondary Education Act of Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, reserving countability, better testing, and in- 1965, with respect to the development of creased support for education. That the right to object. high-qualified teachers. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Kennedy (for Murray) amendment No. 378 will all be prohibited under the Craig ator from West Virginia. (to amendment No. 358), to provide for class amendment. Mr. BYRD. May we have order. size reduction programs. What we are trying to do is match re- Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, may Kennedy (for Mikulski/Kennedy) amend- sources to responsibility. That is the ment No. 379 (to amendment No. 358), to pro- we have order. The Senate is not in change in this whole bill. We are vide for the establishment of community matching those two concepts. And that order, Mr. President. technology centers. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Allen/Warner amendment No. 380 (to makes sense. But under the Craig ate will be in order. amendment No. 358), to provide for a sense of amendment, you will be denying the The Senator from West Virginia. the Senate regarding education opportunity President’s program in increased read- Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, may I have tax relief to enable the purchase of tech- ing and the President’s program in the attention of the Senators. nology and tutorial services for K–12 edu- terms of accountability. It puts the cation purposes. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- cart before the horse and makes no Kennedy (for Dodd) amendment No. 382 (to sense. I hope it will be defeated. ate will be in order. If Members have amendment No. 358), to remove the 21st cen- conversations, please take them off the tury community learning center program Mr. CRAIG. Mr. President, I ask for floor. from the list of programs covered by per- the yeas and nays. Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, a unani- formance agreements. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a mous consent request is before the Sen- AMENDMENT NO. 372 sufficient second? ate to limit each of the next two votes The PRESIDING OFFICER. There There is a sufficient second. to 10 minutes each. are now 2 minutes equally divided on The yeas and nays were ordered. Mr. THOMAS. Yes. the Craig amendment. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, with all The Senator from Idaho. clerk will call the roll. due respect to the Senator who pro- Mr. CRAIG. Mr. President, I assume Mr. BYRD addressed the Chair. pounds this request, every Senator we are now proceeding on the Craig The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- knows nobody is going to pay any at- amendment, with 1 minute for each ator from West Virginia. tention whatsoever to that request if it side. Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I ask unan- is granted—nobody. I have seen this The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- imous consent to proceed for 3 min- happen too many times. I would love to ator is correct. utes. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there see some 10-minute rollcall votes here, Mr. CRAIG. Mr. President, I encour- objection? but it is a joke. It is a joke to agree to age my colleagues to support the Without objection, it is so ordered. 10-minute votes, and then forget about amendment I have put before the The Senator from West Virginia. them, and go on and have 20 minutes, Chamber. It does not cut a program. It Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I support or 25 minutes, or 37 minutes, as was the does not even take out the cost of liv- what the distinguished Senator is try- case in the previous vote. ing or an annualized increase based on ing to accomplish. I think it is about Now, I am not going to object in this that. What it says is that the Federal time we let the States know they are case. Perhaps it will work this time. I Government and the Department of going to have to do better; that they hope it will. But I am going to pay Education and educational programs are going to have to measure up. I can- close attention. I remove my reserva- will no longer reward mediocrity. In title I, over the last 30 years, we not, however, coming from a poor tion. have put in $120 billion and poor kids State, summarily cut this off. When I The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there are still lower in achievement than use the word ‘‘summarily,’’ I realize we objection? middle-income kids who are outside have had 35, 36 years in which to ac- Without objection, it is so ordered. the program. It failed. In this edu- complish these things. But I do think The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under cation bill before us, we are trying to they ought to be warned ahead of time. the previous order, the motion to re- change that. Mr. CRAIG. Will the Senator yield? consider is laid on the table, and the All I am saying is, if you do not Mr. BYRD. Yes. President will be immediately notified measure up, and if the States do not Mr. CRAIG. This Senator’s amend- of the Senate’s action. improve the environment in which kids ment would not cut any program. It f are learning—in other words, if kids do would allow continued funding at that LEGISLATIVE SESSION not improve—and it is measured by the level. It does not reward by allowing tests and the standards within this the increases in the spending. That is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- bill—then no more Federal money goes what is important. The Senator from ate will now return to Legislative Ses- out. In other words, we will not con- Massachusetts mentioned that nothing sion. tinue to fund mediocrity. We will set a would go forward. He is wrong. Every- f standard and a precedence where im- thing goes forward, and the measure- provement in our young people means ments are in place. BETTER EDUCATION FOR we will reward that improvement with What we are saying is, we are strong STUDENTS AND TEACHERS ACT the use of the Federal tax dollars. and definitive in saying that if you do The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- not improve, you do not get the addi- the previous order, the Senate will now ator’s time has expired. tional money.

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