The Global Island The Global Island Ireland’s Foreign Policy for a Changing World Ireland’s Foreign Policy for a Changing World

Our People Our Values Our Prosperity

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Foreword

Ireland’s last major statement our Ambassadors and comprising As we approach the centenary of the of foreign policy priorities was representatives of our Embassies and Easter Rising in 2016, it is timely to take published almost 20 years ago, in State Agencies. Annual Local Market stock of our place in the world and the 1996 White Paper Challenges Plans have assisted with our healthy the interests and values we wish to and Opportunities Abroad. In the export market, which has grown every promote through our foreign policy. intervening years, we have witnessed year since 2011. rapid and significant change – shifting This policy review is the product of a patterns of power and influence, This enhanced focus on trade and review initiated by my predecessor as conflicts, wars and terrorism, new economic recovery is part of the broad Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade, technologies facilitating instantaneous role of the Department of Foreign Eamon Gilmore T.D., and has involved communication across the world and Affairs and Trade. Today, our security, consultation across Government, a growing interdependence between our prosperity and the wellbeing of with members of the , economies, societies and people. our people are connected to the wider with civil society and with members world as never before. In the world of the public. In 2008, Ireland experienced of 2015, nothing is entirely foreign or an unprecedented economic wholly domestic. Written in clear and accessible collapse. The crash, when it came, language, it offers a progressive and brought home very powerfully This means that our foreign policy is forward-looking vision of Ireland’s our vulnerabilities as a small open more important to us now than at any foreign policy and our place in the economy but also our strengths – as time in our history. world. It lays down the goals and key a longstanding and fully engaged areas of focus for the Government’s member of the , a Through it, we safeguard our peace, global engagement to safeguard a significant factor in the stabilisation security and economic prosperity, secure and prosperous future for the of our national finances and in our and promote reconciliation and Irish people, and to make a distinctive burgeoning economic recovery. cooperation at home. At the core of this and principled contribution to the foreign policy are the protection of our collective international effort to build a The Department of Foreign Affairs and citizens and the promotion of our better world. Trade has played an important role in values abroad. implementing this Government’s plan This is a vision of which Irish people to turn the Irish economy around. In Our foreign policy is also a statement can be proud. I know too, that as 2011, the Department was allocated about us as a people. We have a proud a resilient people with our own responsibility for Trade, following tradition of principled engagement global story, we have the capability which the Export Trade Council was on issues such as development, UN and the confidence to meet these established to co-ordinate across all peacekeeping, disarmament and challenges together. Government Departments and State human rights. This is a central part agencies involved in the promotion of our foreign policy. A secure and and development of trade, tourism prosperous Ireland is better placed and investment. Overseas, Local to make its voice heard in support of T.D. Market Teams have been established our values. Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade in 27 priority markets; chaired by 2

Contents

Foreword 1

Embracing a Changing World 4

Our People 12 Our Values 26 Our Prosperity 44

Reconciliation and Cooperation A Secure World 28 Driving Economic Growth 45 in Ireland 13 A Just World 34 Removing Barriers to Trade, Serving our People Abroad 16 Investment and Mobility 47 A Fairer World 37 Connecting with the Ensuring a Sustainable and Global Irish Family 22 A Sustainable World 42 Competitive Tax Regime 49

Sharing our Culture 25 Deepening Engagement with Priority and High Potential Markets 51

Making the Most of our Competitive Advantages 58 3

Our Place Our Influence 72 in Europe 62

Engaging at the Heart of Europe 63 An Accountable Foreign Policy 74

Responding to An Open Approach to Critical Challenges 64 Foreign Policy 75

Our EU Priorities 66 The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 78 Building Alliances and Influencing Outcomes 66

A Strong European Voice in the World 69 Embracing a Changing World EMBRACING A CHANGING WORLD 5

solutions, and in how the world looks Ireland. It is also an increasingly The world is no and works. As a small country with important global actor in its own right. longer foreign one of the most globalised economies Our membership of the EU underpins in the world, we are profoundly our position and role in the world and lthough an island, Ireland influenced by these changes. how we conduct our foreign policy. is connected to the global community in ways that While Europe, North America and the Economic power is shifting. Despite the Awould have seemed fanciful only western world more generally continue recent financial crisis, global economic a generation ago. We connect to enjoy prosperity, security and global output is projected to double by 2030, instantaneously with people and influence, the rise in prominence with growing demand for food, energy events around the globe. Our of countries in the East and South and natural resources. Much of this people and our outlook are global, is transforming the way the global growth will be in emerging economies influencing and influenced by this system works. Emerging powers are in Asia, Africa and Latin America. By contact. Our culture shapes and is playing a role of growing importance 2030, the Organisation for Economic shaped by these connections. Our on the world stage, increasingly active Cooperation and Development (OECD) economy is interwoven with that of on a wide range of issues. projects that China and India together the rest of the world. will account for 35% of global Gross Regional organisations are also playing Domestic Product (GDP), while OECD Our world is changing faster than an ever more important role. The most countries’ share will fall by more we think. This change can be seen in integrated, successful and influential than 10%. shifting balances of economic and of these is the European Union, which political influence, in a widening range has profoundly transformed relations of global challenges that require global between European states, including 6 EMBRACING A CHANGING WORLD

The world population is growing. A CHANGING WORLD ECONOMY, 2010-2030 The UN estimates it will be almost 8.5 billion by 2030, a rise of 22% since 2010, Global GDP is taken as a sum of GDP for 34 OECD countries and 8 non‑OECD countries with most of this growth in emerging economies and developing regions, which are projected to account for 7.1 6% billion people by 2030. In the same India United States 23% year, it is forecast that countries of the Japan 7% European Union will represent about 2011 Euro area 17% 18% 6% of the world’s population, down Other OECD Other non OECD 12% from 8.9% in 1990. China 17%

The world is also ageing and becoming more urban. Already, more than half the world’s population lives in urban areas and, by 2030, the OECD India 11% 18% projects that 60% will do so. The global United States Japan 4% population aged over sixty years is 2030 Euro area 12% projected to almost double to 1.4 Other OECD 15% 12% billion by 2030, with 70% of this group Other non OECD China 28% concentrated in developing regions.

The accelerating pace of technological innovation is also reshaping our Source: OECD Economic Policy Paper No.3 Looking to 2060: Long-term global growth prospects, 2012 world. It took seventy-five years for the telephone to reach fifty million users, but only thirty-eight years for A GROWING GLOBAL MIDDLE CLASS, 2010-2030 radio, thirteen years for television, and just four years for the internet. There are almost three billion internet 3500 users today, two-thirds in developing Millions countries. This growth is largely being 3000 driven by mobile broadband, which grew over 40% in Africa in the period 2011-2014. Simultaneously, the number 2500 of mobile phone subscriptions is approaching the number of people 2000 on earth, over half of which are in the Asia-Pacific region alone. 1500 Global economic development is lifting millions out of poverty, while 1000 increasing prosperity is changing consumption patterns, giving rise to 500 demand for education, travel, food and consumer goods and services. Rising 0 GDP is contributing to a growing 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 global middle class, which is projected to reach 4.9 billion by 2030, up from North America Europe Central & South America

1.8 billion in 2009. By 2030, Asia alone Asia Pacific Sub-Saharan Africa MIddle East & North Africa is expected to account for 66% of the global middle class. An expanding Source: OECD Working Paper No. 285 The Emerging Middle Class in Developing Countries (2010) global economy offers opportunities EMBRACING A CHANGING WORLD 7

pose significant challenges across the globe, and for low-lying countries and small island states in particular.

The range, complexity and cross- cutting nature of global challenges demand a coordinated approach at both national and international levels. This requires a functioning system of global governance capable of developing and upholding a rules- based international system.

The structures of international governance: the UN, the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and others are being increasingly supplemented by groups of countries cooperating to shape the global agenda, in formats such as the G7/8 and G20. But the consensus which has underpinned and sustained these structures is under pressure. Challenges to the rules- based international order can arise unexpectedly and even in our own neighbourhood, as the crisis in Ukraine has shown.

Notwithstanding instability in Europe’s neighbourhood, Ireland is fortunate in its geopolitical location, surrounded by friends and partners. But developments farther afield can also for exports of goods and services, but and digital technology to threaten quickly and directly impact our shores, also brings increased competition for human security and the stability of as evidenced by the volcanic ash cloud markets, jobs and investment. critical infrastructure. in 2010, the global financial crisis or the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Despite this progress, the world As more of the world population remains marked by inequality and comes online, the transformative If we want the best future for our unacceptable levels of poverty. power of the internet can educate, people, we must work constructively inform and innovate but it can with new and existing partners It is also becoming more volatile and also be used for criminal or hostile and reflect constantly on how, as a more uncertain. Managing risks as well purposes. Addressing issues of internet small country, we can best influence as opportunities is an essential task of governance, cyber-security and developments in our favour. our foreign policy. maintaining an open, free and secure cyberspace are critically important for Ireland’s foreign policy is the Fragile states and intrastate violence our future. mechanism through which we do this. are an increasing source of insecurity, affecting human rights, the rule of Climate change is one of the biggest Our relations are conducted through law and development. Transnational global challenges of this century. Global a global network of embassies, organised crime and terrorist warming and related extreme weather consulates and State agency offices in organisations are able to capitalise on events, flooding and rising sea-levels 96 locations managing relations with a globalised economy, communications 178 countries. 8 EMBRACING A CHANGING WORLD

AN AGEING WORLD, 2010–2030

6,000,000 834,814

5,000,000 424,614

4,000,000 2010 0-59 years 2030 0-59 years 60+ years 60+ years 3,000,000

2,000,000 103,158

54,981 1,000,000 162,063 212,883 119,676 58,579 104,590 64,615

0 1,031,084 1,634,366 4,202,099 4,934,163 740,3308 736,364 596,191 716,671 346,501 403,373 Africa Asia Europe Latin America North Pacific* and the America Caribbean

Source: UNDESA World Population Prospects: 2012 Revision

Our direct, bilateral relations are attractive location for investment and together, we are better able to navigate only part of a more complex regional tourism and a source of high quality a fast-changing world, and to promote and international framework within goods and services. the interests and values we share with which we operate. Our place in the our fellow member states. world is underpinned by a number Our influence is amplified and of interests, including a strong and significantly strengthened by our We have also used our membership of effective European Union; a world membership of the European the United Nations to project our values system based on the rule of law with Union and our participation in the which, shaped by our history, include a strong global institutions; and an open, United Nations. strong commitment to international free and rules-based global economy. peace and stability; to human rights, Promoting these interests is part of The European Union is fundamental equality and the rule of law; and to our foreign policy. to Ireland’s future. In our four decades solidarity with those suffering from of membership, it has assisted social poverty, hunger and disadvantage. We As a result of the recent economic and economic transformation in have a distinguished record of service crisis, greater emphasis has been Ireland and helped us grow and in UN peacekeeping and in exercising placed on promoting economic prosper as a people. As we come leadership responsibilities at the UN, in growth and rebuilding Ireland’s through a challenging economic and particular on development, disarmament reputation as part of our international financial crisis, the EU remains central and non-proliferation issues. And we are engagement. This has required a to our long-term economic stability one of the best known advocates at the whole-of-Government approach driven and growth. UN for solutions to problems of conflict, by the international engagement of all injustice and inequality. members of Government, and reflected The EU, above all through its and supported in the work of Ireland’s progressive enlargement, has Our contribution at the UN is embassies and agencies on the ground. reshaped our continent and its wider distinctive and highly respected. It This will continue as Ireland maintains neighbourhood, extending a zone has enabled us to exercise greater a focus on positioning itself as a of peace and stability challenged by influence in international relations. sustainable, competitive economy, an developments on its borders. By acting EMBRACING A CHANGING WORLD 9

THIS REVIEW CONSIDERS THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR IRELAND UNDER FIVE CLOSELY LINKED THEMES:

The first,Our People, takes stock of the The third, Our Prosperity, considers the The fifth and final theme, ongoing work in pursuit of peace and global economic background to the Our Influence, considers how Ireland reconciliation on the island of Ireland; ongoing efforts in support of recovery, can best leverage the resources the provision of support for Irish growth and job creation, in particular available to secure the maximum citizens travelling, living and working through trade, tourism, education, benefit for the Irish people from abroad; the growing engagement with investment and the enhancement of Ireland’s international engagement. the Irish diaspora; and the promotion Ireland’s reputation. of Irish culture abroad.

The second, Our Values, sets out The fourth theme, Our Place in Europe, Ireland’s support for a fairer, more just, considers the fundamental importance more secure and more sustainable for Ireland in all of the foregoing areas world through our development of our membership of the EU and how programme, human rights policies, the Government engages across the peacekeeping, disarmament and broad agenda of EU decision-making security policies and growing to safeguard and promote the interests engagement with emerging global of Ireland and to shape the EU and its issues including climate change. global engagement. It also considers the role of the European Union and United Nations All Government Departments are in amplifying Ireland’s voice and external actors, reflecting the growing extending its influence. extent to which domestic and external policy making are connected. This is particularly so in an EU context, but also at the UN and other global and regional institutions, and in bilateral relations with other countries. 10

80Diplomatic & Consular Offices

Connecting Ireland with the World: The Government’s Global Network

Location of Diplomatic or Consular Office Locations with a State Agency office

Africa Europe Abuja Amsterdam Addis Ababa Ankara Dar es Salaam Athens Freetown Berlin Johannesburg Berne Kampala Bratislava Lilongwe Brussels Paris Lusaka European Union, Brussels OECD, Paris Maputo Partnership for Peace, Brussels Prague Nairobi Bucharest Riga Pretoria Budapest Rome Copenhagen Sofia Asia Pacific Dusseldorf Stockholm Bangalore Edinburgh Council of Europe, Strasbourg The Americas Bangkok Frankfurt Tallinn Atlanta Beijing United Nations, Geneva Valletta Austin Canberra Glasgow Vienna Boston Hanoi The Hague OSCE, Vienna Brasilia Hong Kong Helsinki Vilnius Buenos Aires Jakarta The Holy See Warsaw Chicago Kuala Lumpur Istanbul Zagreb Mexico Mumbai Lisbon New York New Delhi Ljubljana Middle East and North Africa United Nations, New York Perth London Abu Dhabi North California Seoul Luxembourg Cairo Ottawa Shanghai Madrid Doha San Francisco Shenzhen Milan South California Singapore Moscow Ramallah Sao Paulo Sydney Nicosia Riyadh Toronto Tokyo Oslo Tel Aviv Washington 11 State Agency offices in

42locations Our People OUR PEOPLE 13

rticle 2 of the Constitution defines the Irish nation by reference to its people, and Arecords the special affinity of the Irish nation with people of Irish ancestry living abroad who share its cultural identity and heritage

Partnership, Reconciliation and Cooperation President Higgins with Queen Elizabeth, First Minister Peter Robinson, Deputy First Minister Martin McGuinness and Secretary of State Villiers during the State Visit to Britain in April 2014. in Ireland Photo: Fennell Photography

Our peace process has transformed the objectives, provides an opportunity Through its Reconciliation Fund, lives of people throughout the island of for a new beginning for partnership the Department of Foreign Affairs Ireland for the better. government in . The and Trade provides annual funding Agreement itself covers a broad range of €2.7 million to some 150 The Good Friday Agreement and of political, social and economic issues. community, voluntary and civil society succeeding Agreements have opened organisations. A new strategy for the up new possibilities and opportunities It sets out a plan for financial and Fund was published in June 2014 and for people, North and South, exerting budgetary reform. It proposes a way will be reviewed within three years. a positive influence on our society, forward on flags, identity, culture and our economy and our international tradition through the establishment Marking significant events in the reputation. Other parts of the world of a commission. It envisages the history of our island on an inclusive experiencing conflict look to Ireland for devolution of responsibility for parades and respectful basis can contribute to ideas and inspiration. to the Northern Ireland Assembly. fostering reconciliation and greater It establishes a programme of understanding. In commemorating the While huge progress has been made, institutional reform at Stormont and Decade of Centenaries, opportunities a recent and authoritative assessment progresses a number of outstanding will arise to explore the shared and of the peace process made for sobering aspects of prior Agreements. Very divided histories of these islands reading; “Northern Ireland remains significantly, it establishes a new in a mutually sympathetic way. a very deeply divided society” where comprehensive framework for dealing The centenary of the Easter Rising a “fault line runs through education, with the corrosive legacy of the Past. in 2016 will be the centre-piece of housing and many other aspects of the Government’s commemorative daily life”*. There are therefore no Our focus in the period ahead will programme. It will have a particular grounds for complacency and work be the effective and expeditious significance for North South and to achieve true reconciliation and implementation of the Stormont Irish‑British relations. to unlock the social and economic House Agreement. Implementation potential that would flow from that of the Agreement is likely to be as It will be important to engage the will remain a priority objective of challenging as its negotiation. In this political leaders of the future who the Government. regard, British and Irish Government will have to carry this work forward. engagement in the review and The North South Inter-Parliamentary The Stormont House Agreement of 23 monitoring process will be vital. Association, established in 2012, December 2014, with reconciliation promotes cooperation between and economic renewal as its twin The Government’s commitment members of the Houses of the to partnership and reconciliation Oireachtas and the Northern Ireland will continue to be advanced at a Assembly and will be a very important political level and also through direct framework for this work. * Northern Ireland Peace Monitoring Report No.3, March 2014, by Dr. Paul Nolan, published by the engagement at community level across Northern Ireland Community Relations Council Northern Ireland. 14 OUR PEOPLE

February 2014, accompanied by ministers from Dublin, Belfast and London. We will build on the success of this visit, involving the development agencies in both parts of the island, to pursue opportunities in other emerging markets and will work together to support efforts to bring the Rugby World Cup to Ireland in 2023.

The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade advances work on these issues, including through its offices within the British Irish Intergovernmental Secretariat in Belfast and through the Members of the British-Irish Parliamentary Assembly meeting in Dublin in March 2014 North South Ministerial Council Joint Secretariat in Armagh. In July 2014, The continuing support and Executive is seconded to Ireland’s Seán Sherlock TD was the first Minister engagement of the US administration, Permanent Representation to the EU of State appointed with responsibility the European Union and other in Brussels. for North South Cooperation. partners, as well as the Irish diaspora for the ongoing process Regular meetings of the North The Irish-British relationship has been of reconciliation has been, and will South Ministerial Council promote both a catalyst for positive change in remain, critically important. US cooperation in a range of areas. In six Northern Ireland and a beneficiary involvement at the highest level of the agreed North South sectors, of that change. The State Visit by remains a fundamental support for co-operation is taken forward by President Michael D. Higgins to the the political institutions in Northern Implementation Bodies operating on in 2014, and the State Ireland, while the EU Peace Programme an all-island basis, while in other areas Visit to Ireland by Queen Elizabeth in provides an important underpinning of of cooperation, common policies and 2011, demonstrated that relations have the long-term work of reconciliation. approaches are agreed in the Council. never been better. In the tourism sector, the island of The Government enjoys a close and Ireland is promoted abroad by Tourism The Irish in Britain contribute to the comprehensive political relationship Ireland. As we look forward, there must strength and vitality of relations. Up to with the Northern Ireland Executive. be a growing emphasis on working in one-in-four people in Britain has Irish North South relations have been placed partnership with the Northern Ireland heritage. There is virtually no aspect increasingly on a sound and forward- Executive to benefit from international of British civic or political life that has looking basis, with a shared interest opportunities to boost competitiveness not been enriched by contributions in cooperating to support economic and to attract jobs and visitors from the Irish community. There are growth, bringing real, tangible mutual to Ireland. 50,000 Irish-born directors of British benefits to people across the island. companies, for example, and a network There are for instance opportunities of Irish societies link this vibrant Cooperation has focused on putting to develop trade links with emerging community to Ireland. in place policies to promote growth markets on an all-island basis. By in exports and foreign investment; working together we can scale-up to A Joint Statement by , Enda working together on upgrading target more effectively opportunities Kenny, and Prime Minister, David services; creating jobs and improving for our exports, for our education Cameron, in 2012 set out a framework young people’s skills. There is also sector and for our tourism industry. for cooperation between Ireland and agreement to optimise the use of Ireland’s embassy network is assisting the UK. An annual summit reviews public money through the most trade missions and companies from progress and oversees cooperation effective delivery of services to the both parts of the island. The first joint in a wide range of areas, supported public. There is cooperation in an EU trade mission involving companies by a unique structure of meetings context on a wide range of issues and from Ireland, North and South, and of administrative heads of Irish and an official from the Northern Ireland from Britain visited Singapore in British Government Departments. OUR PEOPLE 15

Our Place in Europe, but it also has wide-ranging implications for our continuing political relations within Northern Ireland, North South cooperation and political and economic relations between Ireland and Britain.

Managing these issues and their impact will be a major priority in the coming years.

Island of Ireland Peace Park, Belgium, where Minister Seán Sherlock delivering a TEDx talk 69,974 killed, wounded or missing Irish WWI in Belfast soldiers are remembered

Close relations with the devolved Discussions on enhanced devolution administrations, ensure that Irish for Scotland and on political changes My Job: interests are advanced and links across the UK will have implications fostered with Scotland and Wales for the devolved administration in Margaret Stanley while the British-Irish Council with Northern Ireland. As debate gets under Deputy Joint Secretary, North South its Secretariat in Edinburgh supports way, we will need to maintain contact Ministerial Council, Armagh wider regional cooperation in a with the British government and with growing range of areas. all administrations. Our objective is to I work closely with both Irish and ensure that, whatever the outcome of Northern Irish civil servants to Despite these positive developments, this process, our relations with all parts ensure the smooth running of the there are issues which will unfold in of the UK continue to flourish. North South Ministerial Council the coming years which, at minimum, (NSMC), Armagh, established as a will change the way business is carried The possibility of a change in Britain’s part of the Good Friday Agreement. out with our nearest neighbour, and relationship with the EU has strategic It works on matters of mutual which could have a significant impact consequences for Ireland, which are interest on an all-island and cross- on Ireland. addressed further in the chapter border basis.

Our focus is on areas that can assist economic recovery, job creation, the best use of public funds and the most effective delivery of services for citizens across the island. As a separate part of my work, I engage in outreach amongst the business, community and non-governmental sectors in Northern Ireland with the aim of promoting cooperation for mutual benefit.

Minister for Foreign Affairs & Trade, Charlie Flanagan TD, pictured at Stormont with Northern Ireland First Minister, Peter Robinson, and Deputy First Minister, Martin McGuinness 16 OUR PEOPLE

Serving our People Abroad

Consular Assistance

Irish people are travelling more frequently, for shorter periods, to more diverse locations with over six million visits abroad in 2013. This is a three- fold increase over two decades and My Job the number will continue to rise. With more people travelling for business or Brendan Maloney More is being done to communicate leisure to less secure parts of the world, Duty Officer, Dublin with our citizens travelling abroad there is growing demand for advice in a clear and timely fashion, in In addition to my current role in the and assistance. particular through increased use of Office of the Secretary General, I also technology and social media. An online participate in the Departmental The Department of Foreign Affairs and registration service allows travellers Duty Officer rota which deals with Trade dealt with tens of thousands of to register their contact details prior emergencies abroad that arise requests for assistance in 2014, this to travel, so that contact can be made overnight or at the weekend. Most included over 1,650 serious consular in the event of an emergency or are requests for consular assistance, emergencies and cases of Irish people crisis situation. Travel information with calls from all over the world. injured, hospitalised or dying abroad. and advice are regularly updated on Each situation is different. As the Department and embassy websites In an uncertain and often unstable first point of contact, I may be and our travel advice Twitter feed. global environment, complex required to deal with a medical emergencies can affect Irish citizens emergency abroad (accidents, injury, As Irish citizens are travelling at a in several places at one time, requiring illness, or death), cases where Irish younger age, travel advice needs to be a very high level of preparedness citizens are arrested or detained more accessible to these age groups and flexibility. For example, in 2011 abroad (or who are victims of crime, to create greater awareness and Ireland mounted simultaneous stolen , etc), reports of understanding of the scope, limits and consular responses to the Christchurch missing persons and child abduction extent of consular assistance. earthquake in New Zealand, the cases. Successful management of a earthquake and tsunami in Japan and case involves swift, effective liaison A new and more complex consular evacuated around 400 Irish citizens with the relevant Irish embassy, landscape is emerging, seen in the from Libya. consulate or honorary consul and growth in international parental child with the appropriate authorities in abduction, increasing numbers of A stand-by Consular Crisis Centre in Ireland, such as An Garda Síochána. dual-citizens beyond the traditional Dublin can be staffed and activated in diaspora countries, and new an emergency. Flexible arrangements challenges such as cases involving with EU partners can assist in forced marriage. attending to consular needs in a more responsive and coordinated manner, @dfatravel for example working closely with a number of EU partners on the 2011 Libya evacuation, with the Dutch in Syria and with the British in West Africa in response to the Ebola crisis. OUR PEOPLE 17

SERVING OUR PEOPLE ABROAD

• The peace process has transformed the lives of • We made 6.3 million visits abroad in 2013, up 300% people throughout the island of Ireland; in 20 years; • Supporting the provisions of the Good Friday • 631,000 passports were issued in 2013, 14% to Irish Agreement is a priority; citizens living abroad; • We are committed to promoting an all-island • Travel advice is regularly updated on Department approach across all areas of government; and embassy websites and twitter feeds; • Cooperation in support of reconciliation, prosperity • With more people travelling the number of requests and a shared perspective on Northern Ireland is at for emergency assistance to our embassies and the heart of the Irish-British relationship; consulates has risen; • The Reconciliation Fund provides annual funding for • Our embassies deal with over 800,000 consular, community, voluntary and civil society organisations. and visa queries annually.

Promoting Partnership, Serving our People Reconciliation and Abroad Cooperation

Connecting with the Sharing our Culture Global Irish Family

• An estimated 70 million people claim Irish descent; • Our culture is a bridge between our island, the • Working with the Irish diaspora is a priority global Irish family and the world; for Government; • Almost two thirds of tourists visit because of our • The overseas Irish are a diverse group with diverse history and culture; needs and interests; • We work with Culture Ireland to promote Irish • The Emigrant Support Programme has provided culture and artists; €114.6 million to Irish community projects • St Patrick’s Day is a unique opportunity to showcase worldwide since 2004; Ireland; • Projects include support for new immigrants, • We are working to support interest in the Irish isolated people and business networks; language around the world. • The diverse population of our island offers new opportunities to strengthen our outreach. 18 OUR PEOPLE

CONSULAR SERVICES

800,000 consular, passport and visa queries handled annually by embassies and consulates

My Job

Sharifah Shahabudin Over Consular assistance and visas, Embassy Kuala Lumpur

I work on the embassy consular 60,000 assistance desk, helping Irish documents authenticated in 2014 people in difficulty in Malaysia and Thailand. The large number of Irish visitors to Thailand especially means that this embassy is one of our busiest consular posts. I assist people Over and families when Irish citizens die abroad, become seriously ill or injured, are arrested or imprisoned, 3,000 or encounter other difficulties. This letters of freedom to Irish citizens involves liaising with families and friends, the consular assistance unit getting married or entering into civil in Dublin, and the authorities here. partnerships abroad in 2014 I am also visa officer. We processed around 1,450 visa applications in 2013 which requires attention Assistance provided to to detail, as well as liaising with applicants, embassy staff, and the Irish National Immigration Service. People visiting Ireland from abroad, especially for tourism, bring 1,650 considerable revenue to Ireland Irish citizens following serious consular so it is important to provide a emergencies abroad in 2014 professional and efficient visa service. OUR PEOPLE 19

The Emigrant Flame, Wexford Group of senior Irish emigrants visiting Ireland

Emigrant Support Republic of Korea, which contribute to As a generation of emigrants reach bilateral relations while offering short the end of their working lives, it will A key priority is immigration reform term work rights to young Irish citizens. be increasingly important to respond in the United States, which has to their needs - particularly those of been and will continue to be a An improved arrangement for the more advanced age - through welfare focus for Government. It will be Working Holiday Visa programme with and social network support and important to maximise the benefit to Canada has seen over 10,000 young assistance in accessing social services undocumented Irish of the measures Irish granted permission to work there in the host country. More than €114 announced by President Barack Obama in 2014. million has been provided through in November 2014. Further legislative the Emigrant Support Programme to action in the US Congress will be The embassy network has been Irish community projects worldwide needed so as to ensure an eventual expanded and augmented in the US, since 2004. This programme has been resolution for all undocumented Irish Asia and Australia and will need to be sustained through the financial crisis in the US as well as provision of a legal kept under review in light of consular and its reach extended to support a path for future Irish immigration. needs. This is supported by a network of more diverse and widely dispersed This would help ensure people-to- over 100 Honorary Consuls worldwide emigrant community. Most of this has people ties between Ireland and who provide a range of services in gone to support the most vulnerable the US continue to be renewed into locations where we do not have an emigrants and this must remain future generations. embassy or consulate. This network has the case. been recently renewed and expanded, Many new emigrants, including those for example, to help address the needs Funding support will need to be who have left Ireland since 2008, are of Irish citizens in Western Australia and continuously reviewed to ensure it going beyond traditional centres of Canada. Our Honorary Consuls provide meets these changing needs. Funding emigration. Western Australia and an excellent service, at minimum is being expanded to groups providing Western Canada in particular have cost to the taxpayer. The network has services to Irish people recently arrived seen increased numbers. tremendous potential which will need in destinations such as Australia and to be progressively developed. Canada. Assistance is being directed The Government is working to to younger Irish people suffering from address access issues and ensure As our economy grows, many of our emotional, mental health and drug and that Irish people who wish to pursue younger emigrants will wish to return alcohol misuse issues. New networks opportunities abroad can do so, for home. We need to provide economic are being supported, for example the example, utilising the J1 programme opportunities for them and we need to Ireland Network groups in many US with the United States and working encourage them to bring their talents cities, while stronger ties are being holiday visa agreements with Australia, and experience back to contribute to created through business networks Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand and the Irish life. and education exchanges. 20 OUR PEOPLE

Passport Services

As the number of people travelling has increased, so has demand for passports. The Passport Service delivered 629,446 passports in 2014. The total number of passports issued has increased by 10% over the last five years while staff reductions of 10% have also taken place.

This process has been accompanied by significant gains in customer service. The passport renewal process has been simplified with an online passport The Cork Passport Office renewal reminder service (www.dfa.ie). Waiting times have been reduced and queues virtually eliminated. A facility is available to track the application The Passport Office in Cork status with weekly updates on performance against targets. New arrangements have been put in place to assist those required to travel because of an emergency.

An award-winning new passport booklet was introduced in 2013, combining the latest security technology with imagery representing our culture, history and people

Over 5,500 people were registered for Irish citizenship by Foreign Birth Registration in 2014 OUR PEOPLE 21

PASSPORTS The Irish passport has a high reputation worldwide, ranked in the top ten of passports whose citizens are least-affected by visa restrictions. An award-winning new passport booklet was introduced in 2013, incorporating security features 629,446 which offer advanced protections against fraud. These passports issued in 2014 features contribute to the safety of citizens when travelling and the ease with which they pass through immigration controls abroad.

However, a programme of ongoing investment and continued process improvement is required to combat UP 28% increasingly sophisticated threats to the service and to since 2000 mitigate risks of passport fraud. Tackling this challenge will require sustained effort and investment over the coming years, backed by ongoing efficiency gains.

60,000 The next phase of improvements should focus on enhancing more passports issued the protections in the passport process while balancing in 2014 than 2009 this with the need to improve customer service to citizens, reducing the administrative burden for applicants and responding to a growing volume of telephone queries.

In keeping with the Government commitment to e-services 50% for citizens, a growing range of consular, passport issued April – July and citizenship services should be provided online. All applications for Foreign Birth Registration and letters of freedom, which some countries require when Irish citizens are marrying abroad, are now submitted online. An online register has been introduced for all documents 2012 & 2013 officially authenticated (apostilled), bringing authentication busiest years in history of processes into line with best practice. Passport Service

In short, we will need to be more flexible in how we design and deliver support and assistance to Irish people travelling, 14% living and working abroad and returning to live and work of passports issued abroad in Ireland. 86% of passports issued in Ireland @PassportIrl

increase in number of passports issued with 10% less staff

6% lower costs since 2009 22 OUR PEOPLE

Minister Deenihan with members of the Irish American Community at the Famine Memorial in Philadelphia © Tom Keenan

culturally and intellectually, as well as The Global Irish Network, initiated Connecting economically. Looking out, it is about in 2009, has provided a forum for with the Global mobilising the remarkable influence discussion of imaginative and of the Irish nation, which is a legacy of influential new initiatives to deepen Irish Family more than 200 years of emigration. links across the diaspora.

The global Irish family is a resource of incomparable benefit. The Irish abroad contribute to all aspects of Irish life, from culture and society, to the sports field and the board room. The influence they provide in the countries where they live extends Ireland’s reach, adding a unique dimension to our relations with those countries.

Engagement with the Irish abroad is a two-way process that reflects the diverse interests and needs of the Irish overseas, opening up the lines of communication and connectivity for the mutual benefit of Ireland and the Irish abroad. Looking in, it is about enriching Ireland, socially, Team Japan at the Asian Gaelic Games, Kuala Lumpur, 2014. OUR PEOPLE 23

My Job

Ralph Victory Press and Immigration Officer, Embassy Washington

U.S. immigration reform to include relief for undocumented Irish migrants and improved channels for future legal migration between Ireland and America are major Government priorities and have been a primary focus of my job since my arrival in Washington D.C. Recipients of the Presidential Distinguished Service Award 2013 in 2011. I have engaged in extensive networking and relationship- President Michael D. Higgins, building diaspora, facilitated by initiatives such building with key Congressional on the work of President McAleese as The Gathering in 2013 and Ireland and Administration officials and and President Robinson, has assumed Reaching Out. worked closely with the wider Irish- a leading role in reaching out to American community, particularly emigrant communities and deepening How the Government interacts with in support of high-level outreach connections at the highest level. the Irish abroad and the structures by the Taoiseach, Tánaiste, Minister available to manage this important for Foreign Affairs and Trade and The introduction of the Presidential relationship must continue to evolve Oireachtas delegations and by Distinguished Service Award for the to match the needs of this ever- the Ambassador. Irish Abroad recognises outstanding changing diaspora. achievement by Irish people overseas. Immigration reform is a challenging A Certificate of Irish Heritage now topic but it’s been great to work provides official recognition of the towards helping the undocumented descendents of previous generations and enhancing future Ireland‑US of Irish emigrants. ties through improved An estimated immigration arrangements. Jimmy Deenihan TD was appointed Ireland’s first dedicated Minister for Diaspora Affairs in 2014 in a commitment to further deepening Government engagement with million70 people our diaspora. worldwide claim Irish descent, half of Irish communities – at home and whom are in the abroad – are taking the lead in building their own networks across the United States 24 OUR PEOPLE

Ireland’s 2013 EU Presidency launch at Dublin Castle

The public consultation on Ireland’s the Irish abroad played in the struggle home also represent a valuable diaspora policy will help guide the for independence and in the process link between Ireland and their further development of policy. This has of national reconciliation, with events home countries. revealed diverse responses, but two clear planned in several centres. themes have emerged. First, the Irish Increasing globalisation challenges us abroad wish to have their voices heard More should also be done to develop the to rethink what constitutes the Global at home. Second, they wish to remain connections between the diaspora and Irish Family. In addition to emigrants connected with Ireland, and they see a local communities in Ireland, building and their descendants, there are those role for the Government in this. on the success of The Gathering. who are not Irish by birth or ancestry but who have found an affinity with The Constitutional Convention has Ongoing efforts are needed to Ireland, whether through time spent recommended extending voting rights encourage the third and fourth- here for work or study, through tourism in Presidential elections to citizens generation Irish to retain a sense of or through contact with the Irish who are resident outside of the State. their heritage. abroad or through the attraction of This recommendation is currently Irish culture. being examined. Our new citizens are a bridge between Ireland and their countries of origin. Engagement with these affinity Advances in technology make it more Many are opting to become citizens of networks should be deepened. possible and more necessary than Ireland, bringing their talents, energy ever to facilitate and maintain close and experience to bear in the life of ongoing connections from afar. This our nation. potential has yet to be fully harnessed. The growing number of people who The commemorations programme have spent time living, studying and offers an immediate opportunity to working in Ireland and then returned collaborate and to mark the role that OUR PEOPLE 25

We are known for our sporting gaming. In the immediate future, the Sharing our Culture enthusiasm as a nation, and our embassy network will work closely fans are as celebrated and welcomed with Culture Ireland and the Design Some of the strongest affinities are abroad as our accomplishments on the and Crafts Council to bring events those created through culture and sport. pitch, track and field. Gaelic games are such as Yeats 2015 and the Year of reaching an international audience, Irish Design 2015 to the attention The arts, culture and creative sectors and over 400 GAA clubs abroad are of audiences worldwide. Ireland’s in Ireland are a dynamic and growing raising awareness of Ireland and embassies and consulates are also pillar of our economy, employing building relationships across the globe helping to develop and support a around 170,000 people. Irish culture through initiatives such as the Asian vibrant international dimension to the is a global commons, recognised and Gaelic Games. The GAA also provides Decade of Commemorations, including followed by people who may have a valuable social and support network a festival of Irish culture at the Kennedy no other connection to Ireland. Our for many Irish people living and Center in Washington DC in 2016 music; our literature; tours by Irish working abroad. entitled “Proclaiming Ireland”. theatre and dance companies; film, television and animation produced The Department of Foreign Affairs and Through cultural diplomacy, the or set in Ireland; our international Trade provides support to Irish Studies relationship we have built with festivals; and the achievements of our programmes at universities worldwide, our diaspora communities and the sportswomen and men; all introduce while the Department of Arts, Heritage partnerships we have forged around Ireland to a global audience, beginning and the Gaeltacht is supporting the the globe can only be strengthened. conversations and relationships that development of courses can enhance our profile and image, in third-level institutions overseas. cement friendships and support jobs, Irish Studies, Celtic Studies and Irish trade, tourism and investment. language programmes are being provided at third-level institutions in The Department of Foreign Affairs North America, Europe and further and Trade works closely with Culture afield. Through Global Gaeilge, Foras Ireland in promoting Irish arts na Gaeilge and the Department of worldwide, supporting Irish artists Foreign Affairs and Trade support those and companies to present their work with an interest in the Irish language abroad, while our schools, colleges and around the world. universities also play an important role in our cultural engagement overseas. Ireland has well recognised strengths and an international reputation for Case Study design and creativity, for example Chinese New Year, Beijing in the fields of fashion, media and Ireland was ‘Country of Honour’ at Beijing’s Chaoyang International Spring Carnival in February 2013. A highlight of Beijing’s Chinese New Year celebrations, the festival was attended by 380,000 people.

Organised by the embassy in Beijing, the festival was a prime opportunity to boost Ireland’s profile in the Chinese capital, featuring four Irish cultural performances a day, and strong Irish branding. The embassy secured significant TV, print and online media coverage of Ireland. Irish music group Anúna touring Scandinavia Our Values OUR VALUES 27

Irish peacekeepers at a community event in Tibnin, Lebanon. Photo: Pasqual Gorriz / UN Photo

rticle 29 of the Constitution Supporting greater peace, security and sets out the principles that development is also in our interest as guide Ireland’s conduct of its a small country with an open economy Our Signature Ainternational relations: the ideals in an ever more interconnected and of peace and friendly cooperation uncertain world. Foreign Policies amongst nations, founded on international justice and morality; Our ability to shape the world adherence to the principle of the according to our values is defined pacific settlement of international by our membership of the European disputes by international arbitration Union, our participation in the United or judicial determination; and the Nations, and our partnerships with like principles of international law as our minded countries and other actors. rule of conduct in our relations with other states. The United Nations has been a cornerstone of our global engagement Our foreign policy is deeply anchored in since 1955. The principles and values the values set out in our Constitution. enshrined in the UN Charter are those Combating These are reflected also in the Charter we have always striven to promote Poverty and Hunger of the United Nations, the Universal and protect and we engage across the Declaration of Human Rights and in breadth of UN activities in pursuit the principles which underpin the of our goals. We have been a strong Advancing European Union. supporter of the multilateral system Human Rights of collective security represented by These values are under pressure. New the UN and of the primary role of the actors have emerged with competing Security Council in the maintenance of Promoting visions of society. Global institutions are international peace and security. Disarmament struggling to respond to conflicts and humanitarian crises in Libya, Syria, the Ireland has been one of the strongest Middle East and Ukraine; to the stresses and most consistent supporters of the Committed to UN of an interdependent global economy; three pillars of the UN’s work: peace Peacekeeping and to poverty and underdevelopment. and security, development and human There is as yet no consensus on how rights, having served three times as to deal with some new and emerging a non-permanent member of the Sharing our threats such as cyber-security while Security Council and provided strong experience of peace the non-proliferation regime is also and principled leadership on issues and reconciliation on under pressure. such as disarmament, human rights, the island of Ireland development and the search for peace in the Middle East. 28 OUR VALUES

UN General Assembly

leadership, we will seek election to the East. The Departments of Defence and A Secure World Security Council again for the period Foreign Affairs and Trade work closely 2021-22. to ensure our approach to international As the institution with primary peace and security remains effective responsibility for the maintenance of In line with this approach, Ireland has and responsive to the evolving international peace and security, the taken seriously its obligations under international security environment. UN Security Council must be equipped the UN Charter to make available to to respond more effectively to the the Security Council armed forces, In recent years, one of the most changing array of security threats as assistance and facilities in order to significant changes in UN efforts to they emerge, in a way that commands contribute to the maintenance of maintain international peace and respect and broad consensus and international peace and security. security has been the mandating of recognises the new realities that regional organisations such as the EU, confront us. For over five decades, Irish men and the African Union and NATO, by the UN, women have participated continuously to manage operations on its behalf and Ireland has taken a lead role in and with great distinction in UN under its authority. The UN Secretary efforts to improve the working peacekeeping missions in Europe, General has called on the EU and other methods of the Council, favouring Asia, Africa, Central America and the organisations to play a greater role a more representative Council Middle East. Since our first deployment in meeting the growing demand for that more closely reflects regional in 1958, eighty-six members of the peacekeeping. balances, population and economic Defence Forces have made the weight, while preserving the right ultimate sacrifice while serving on Ireland advocates a strong EU of smaller UN members to serve at peacekeeping missions. contribution to UN peacekeeping. frequent intervals. The EU’s Common Security and Our participation in peacekeeping has Defence Policy (CSDP) provides the We are respected at the United evolved pragmatically in response to operational capacity to undertake crisis Nations as an active, constructive and changes in the international security management operations outside the independent-minded member. As environment and must continue to do EU, in accordance with the principles part of our commitment to providing so. The majority of our peacekeepers of the UN Charter. The CSDP is oriented are deployed on missions in the Middle towards the external challenges of OUR VALUES 29

peacekeeping, conflict prevention and strengthening international security, and does not address territorial defence. The Lisbon Treaty maintained a commitment that the development of EU policy in this area would not affect or prejudice Ireland’s traditional policy of military neutrality. Our policy of military neutrality remains a core element of Irish foreign policy.

The EU has deployed over thirty civilian and military operations since its first police mission in Bosnia- Herzegovina in 2002, most of them authorised or endorsed by the UN, as the EU can deploy more rapidly and provide resources not available to the UN. These missions have included military bridging operations in Chad and the Central African Republic, and training missions in Mali and Somalia. Faced with growing demands for EU support, the range of tasks undertaken by CSDP missions has broadened to include disarmament, humanitarian and rescue activities, military advice Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade, Charlie Flanagan TD, pictured with UN Secretary General, and assistance, conflict prevention, Ban Ki-moon, at the UN in New York as well as peace-making and post‑conflict stabilisation. of An Garda Síochána and civilian Ireland regards EU-UN cooperation experts to these missions and has in the area of crisis management as Participation by the Defence Forces helped ensure that human rights, an important tool in strengthening in such missions, in accordance with International Humanitarian Law and effective multilateralism, by allowing our relevant legislation, is highly gender awareness training are part both organisations to work together valued and will remain a key part of the preparation and operation of to respond more effectively in times of Ireland’s foreign policy. Ireland’s CSDP missions. of crisis. participation in the Partnership for Peace and cooperation with, the European Defence Agency, Promoting Ireland’s Values support the development of Defence Forces capabilities and improve A Fairer World interoperability, which are essential to our effective participation in peacekeeping operations. A Just World

Two thirds of the EU’s peace support operations have been civilian in A Secure World nature, undertaking work such as police support and reform, monitoring of ceasefires, as well as training in A Sustainable World rule of law, security sector reform, maritime capacity building and border assistance. Ireland deploys members 30 OUR VALUES

PROMOTING IRELAND’S VALUES ABROAD

• Ireland’s prosperity depends on a stable and secure • Too many people continue to experience international environment; violations of their most basic human rights and • The proliferation of weapons of all kinds fundamental freedoms; fuels conflict and human rights abuses and • The full enjoyment of human rights and hinders development; fundamental freedoms is essential for development, • Efforts to rid the world of nuclear weapons must peace and security; continue as the humanitarian consequences of a • A strong, independent and inclusive civil society nuclear detonation would be devastating; empowers communities, contributes to good • As more of our daily lives move online, international governance and provides a voice to the powerless; action is needed to keep cyberspace open, free • The UN and international human rights institutions and secure; need our strong support to defend human rights; • We can contribute to international conflict • Our reputation as a principled and impartial resolution drawing on our own history actor provides us with a strong voice to bring and experience. about change.

A Secure World A Just World

A Fairer World A Sustainable World

• Despite progress in reducing extreme poverty in • A sustainable supply of food, water and some parts of the world, 1.2 billion people are forced natural resources is critical for human health, to survive on less than €1 per day; development and poverty reduction; • The world produces more than enough to feed • Population growth over the next 40 years will everyone, yet one in eight people suffer from strain the global environment, affecting food and chronic hunger; nutrition security; • Under-nutrition is the biggest underlying cause of • Climate change and environmental degradation death in children under five, contributing to 45% of in developing countries are pushing more people all child deaths, approx. 8,000 deaths a day; into poverty; • Extreme poverty and hunger could be ended • Larger and more frequent humanitarian disasters within a generation with the right policies are affecting more people, with a five-fold increase and commitment; in natural disasters since the 1970s; • Our principled engagement for a fairer world makes • Ireland is also susceptible to the impacts of global a tangible difference to people’s lives. issues such as climate change and energy security. OUR VALUES 31

Responding to a Changing to strengthen their capacity to make a We were among the first countries to Security Environment strong and sustainable contribution to sign and ratify the Arms Trade Treaty UN peacekeeping missions. in 2013. We are confronted by an array of challenges to international peace We will advocate for implementation The international arms control regime and security that have little precedent of the Security Council’s Women, Peace is under pressure. Arms spending is in recent decades, either in range and Security agenda, in particular increasing rapidly in some regions, most or seriousness. the participation of women in peace- notably in Asia, while many countries building, and efforts to counter gender- remain outside agreements setting There are over 110,000 UN based violence. global norms on landmines, cluster peacekeepers today, a nine-fold munitions and other weapons. The use increase since 1999, operating in From our work at the UN in the 1950s of chemical weapons in Syria highlights increasingly difficult and unpredictable that led to the Treaty on the Non- the danger that non-state actors could environments. Conflicts between Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) gain control of these weapons. India, state and non-state actors, such as in 1968, to our more recent work at the Pakistan and Israel have not signed in Syria, are impacting negatively on forefront of developments recognising the NPT and are widely known to have UN missions and on the ability of UN the humanitarian impact of the nuclear capability. The DPRK has openly peacekeeping forces to undertake misuse of conventional weapons, we sought to develop weapons. their mandate. have played a leading role in efforts to promote disarmament, non- We will continue our leadership role Ireland will remain a committed proliferation and the regulation of on disarmament. Renewed efforts are contributor to UN and UN-mandated new weapons. needed to protect and strengthen the peacekeeping operations and will NPT and pursue its goal of nuclear contribute to developing UN policies The effort to achieve a world free from disarmament. We are working with and structures to more effectively the threat of nuclear weapons has like-minded countries to develop deliver its peace and security agenda, been a significant goal of our foreign dialogue on the humanitarian including the UN Review of Peace policy. We played a key role in adopting consequences of a nuclear detonation Operations in 2015. the UN Programme of Action on Small as a means to focus greater attention Arms and Light Weapons and the Anti- on this issue. Ireland supports efforts We will draw on our own peacekeeping Personnel Mine Ban Convention. The spearheaded by the EU to reach a experience to provide training for a Convention on Cluster Munitions was negotiated settlement on ’s nuclear number of African partner countries adopted at a diplomatic conference ambitions that will ensure nuclear chaired by Ireland in Dublin in 2008. weapons are not developed.

Minister Frank Aiken signing the NPT Treaty in Moscow, July 1968. UCD 32 OUR VALUES

More will be required to promote the universalisation of conventions dealing with chemical and biological weapons and to support implementation of the Convention on Cluster Munitions and the Arms Trade Treaty. We will work to strengthen the humanitarian norms applying to weapons in general and engage in the debate on the next generation of weapons, lethal autonomous weapons.

@DisarmamentIRL

Major Regional Issues

Minister Liam Cosgrave leads Ireland’s first delegation to the UN General Assembly in New York, September A number of regional conflicts have 1956. National Archives the potential to cause global insecurity. Chief among these is the series of conflicts in theMiddle East. also includes support for Israeli and the challenge that sustaining peace Palestinian NGOs working on justice and reconciliation requires a long- We have consistently supported a and human rights issues on the ground. term commitment. negotiated two-State solution as the only just and sustainable basis The conflict inSyria is impacting on We organised a high level conference to for resolving the Israeli-Palestinian the wider region, giving rise to the share this experience during our OSCE conflict. Any solution must respect the largest humanitarian emergency in Chairmanship in 2012. We provided rights of all parties. The EU can play decades and, together with continuing practical assistance to Moldovan and an important role in efforts to resolve instability in Iraq, has fuelled the Transdniestrian negotiators and civil this conflict, including by addressing growth of extremist fundamentalist society. We have shared our experience threats to the viability of the two- movements, such as ISIS. We are of the North South Ministerial Council State solution such as the continuous providing urgent humanitarian with officials in the Republic of Korea expansion of illegal settlements in the assistance for those affected by the and supported similar work in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. We have Syrian conflict. Western Balkans, Afghanistan and the long called for an end to the unjust Middle East. Conflict resolution and and counter-productive blockade Closer to home, a new regional mediation was an important focus of Gaza and its population and challenge for Europe and for Ireland during our EU Presidency in 2013. provide humanitarian assistance for is the re-emergence of tensions with Palestinian refugees including in Gaza. Russia following the illegal annexation It will be important to build on this We are also supporting Palestinian of Crimea. Ireland’s approach to this work. The Irish peace process remains state-building efforts. is explained in the chapter, Our Place one of a relatively small number of in Europe. positive models for others. Its capacity We are working in three ways to pursue to inspire and guide others should not these objectives: through influencing Ireland has a unique experience of be underestimated. policy and decisions in the EU, the UN building and sustaining peace and and other international fora; through promoting reconciliation on this Ireland has benefitted greatly from our own direct engagement with island. Capturing and sharing our globalisation, but its effects have also parties in the region by Ministers and experience will help us protect and left Ireland vulnerable in new ways. by our diplomatic representatives; and nurture peace in Ireland and allow us The growth in global travel increases though our support for humanitarian to share that experience with peace the risk of the rapid spread of threats relief and action. This is channelled builders elsewhere, where this might to public health whether through new principally through the key UN prove helpful. Each conflict and each flu strains or Ebola. agencies and leading Irish charities, and peace process is unique, but all share OUR VALUES 33

International Symposium on Leadership, Peace, and Sustainable Livelihoods in the DRC and Region, NUI Galway, 2014

Greater interconnectedness Global and regional instability contexts and we should be active in all has increased the threat from facilitates the scourge of trafficking of - EU, UN, OSCE, Council of Europe, and International Terrorism. There has human beings. We have put in place Partnership for Peace. been an unprecedented flow of fighters strong legislative, administrative and to conflict zones while facilitation operational measures, including a There can be no distinction between networks aid travel and channel funds. multi-agency approach, to combat online and offline rights. The internet Although the threat to Ireland from and prevent human trafficking. We has enabled people everywhere to international terrorism is considered are party to UN and Council of Europe exercise their human rights in new low, we cannot be considered to be instruments to combat this threat ways, including the rights to freedom immune. We are working with our and have fully transposed the EU of expression, and of peaceful assembly EU partners and at the UN, Council Directive on preventing and combating and association. It has also created of Europe and the OECD to develop trafficking in human beings and new challenges, including the right to measures to combat this threat. At protecting its victims. privacy. Some governments are using home, An Garda Síochána’s community the internet to limit the freedoms of engagement programme and Ethnic The growth in internet use has seen their citizens. Liaison Officers aim to prevent young a parallel growth in cyber attacks people being radicalised or alienated and cybercrime which pose a risk Ireland’s engagement led to the first from society as a whole. to individuals, companies and our international norms on cyberspace, infrastructure. Ireland’s position adopted by the OSCE in 2013. Progress Serious and organised crime is a global as a growing hub for the global was achieved on cyber-security, data threat which no country can hope to digital economy means that keeping protection and web accessibility tackle alone. We are working within cyberspace open, free and secure is a during our EU Presidency. We are a the EU and with international partners national interest. A multi-stakeholder founder member of the Freedom to facilitate the detection, prevention, approach involving governments, Online Coalition and worked for EU investigation and prosecution of the ICT industry and civil society Guidelines on Freedom of Expression persons involved in criminal activity is needed to address the complex Online and Offline in 2014. Publication including those engaged in serious and political and economic, technical and of Ireland’s National Cyber-security organised crime. security, legal, and human rights issues Strategy will be an important involved. Best practice on behaviour in milestone at national level. cyberspace is being shaped in several 34 OUR VALUES

A Just World

The promotion and protection of human rights has found expression in Ireland’s active adherence to core international and European human rights treaties, strong support for strengthening the regional and multilateral human rights framework and support for the establishment of the International Criminal Court.

Ireland is proud of its record in the promotion of human rights globally.

We were honoured by the appointment of former President Mary Robinson as UN High Commissioner for Human Rights from 1997-2002 and have provided financial and political support for the Office of the UN High President Higgins meets Aung San Suu Kyi at Áras an Uachtaráin in June 2012 Commissioner for Human Rights. discrimination against women, racial issues on the ground. Our international Ireland pressed hard for the discrimination, rights of the child, and development programme has led to an establishment of the UN Human Rights rights of persons with disabilities. increased focus on human rights and Council (HRC) and played an active role accountability in our partner countries. in subsequent reviews to strengthen its Ireland has encouraged other countries effectiveness. Our election to the HRC to establish and strengthen National The changing global environment in 2012 was recognition of our strong Human Rights Institutions, which play poses new challenges and threats reputation as an advocate for human a key role in improving compliance to human rights, which are under rights globally. with human rights standards. considerable pressure today. The newly-established Irish Human We participate in the scrutiny of Rights Commission and its founding Human rights violations are UN members’ human rights records legislation break new ground in terms undermining development. Gross through the Universal Periodic Review of the structural independence of the abuses of human rights are being process. Ireland was reviewed in 2011, Commission from Government and the perpetrated in Iraq and Syria and and submitted a voluntary mid-term strength of its mandate. elsewhere. Religious and ethnic report in 2014 on the implementation minorities are being targeted in of recommendations made by We contribute to the EU’s human many countries. The rights of women UN members. rights work, through EU human rights and girls are under threat, from dialogues with non-EU countries and denial of the right to education, to We have been an advocate for reform EU human rights country strategies. forced marriage and female genital of the UN human rights treaty We initiated discussion on how to mutilation. Laws and practice too often monitoring bodies, which examine better protect fundamental rights and discriminate on the basis of sexual and hold States to account under key the rule of law within the Union itself. orientation or gender identity. Some human rights conventions including new actors challenge the legitimacy the International Covenant on Civil and We address human rights issues in of human rights, seeking to create Political Rights and the International our relations with other countries at conditionality between individual Covenant on Economic, Social and the most senior levels of government, responsibility and state obligations, or Cultural Rights; as well as conventions bilaterally and through the EU, to override human rights obligations dealing with issues including torture, choosing the most effective means by reference to traditional or cultural to do so. Our embassy network raises values. OUR VALUES 35

These challenges require us to reaffirm our commitment to the universality, indivisibility and interrelatedness of all human rights, to accountability for human rights violations and abuses, and to the protection of those who are most vulnerable and marginalised.

Ireland has played a leading role in promoting and protecting those who face persecution for defending the rights of others – Human Rights Defenders. We secured adoption of EU Guidelines on this issue in 2004, raise individual cases with countries concerned and provide support in multilateral fora. Our support extends to those who work on any aspect of human rights, including newer issues such as corporate abuses, environment and climate change. We provide strong UN Human Rights Council, Geneva. Photo: Jean-Marc Ferré / UN Photo support to the Irish-based NGO Front Line Defenders, who perform critical lead in developing a human rights We are committed to promoting work to protect and support human approach to this crucial issue. Ireland freedom of thought, conscience, and rights defenders worldwide. ratified the 3rd Optional Protocol to the religion, as well as the rights of persons Convention on the Rights of the Child belonging to religious minorities, and The role of civil society is being in 2014. As a result, Irish children can played a key role in the adoption of EU reduced and repressed in many access the UN Committee on the Rights guidelines on freedom of religion or countries by legal, administrative and of the Child, which hears complaints in belief in 2013. other restrictions. We took the lead relation to violations of their rights. on a HRC resolution in 2013 which The right to education is a addressed this issue for the first time Ireland is committed to advancing fundamental human right which as a human rights concern, calling gender equality, and played a key role must be protected, given the role of on states to create and maintain, in in the establishment of UN Women, the quality education in promoting gender law and practice, a safe and enabling UN body to promote gender equality. equality and assisting marginalised environment for civil society. We have We will stand for election to the UN persons and groups. since taken the lead in requesting the Commission on the Status of Women UN High Commissioner for Human for the term 2018-2022. Business is exerting an ever greater Rights to draw up recommendations power and influence over the for the creation and maintenance of a We are committed to promoting implementation of human rights. The safe and enabling environment for civil the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, UN Guiding Principles on Business and society, and we will maintain focus on transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) Human Rights adopted in 2011 create this issue. individuals, who continue to suffer a framework in which governments disproportionate levels of violence have the principal duty to protect 6.3 million children under the age of and face systemic discrimination in rights, companies have a responsibility five die each year, largely of preventable many countries. We strongly supported to respect rights, and both must work and treatable causes. Child mortality efforts to address this issue at the to provide a remedy when violations patterns reveal significant and HRC in 2014 and in 2011, when the first occur. We will undertake a consultation persisting inequalities between and UN resolution on sexual orientation process in 2015 to feed into a national within countries; driven by poverty, and gender identity was adopted, and plan on Business and Human Rights. and by social exclusion, discrimination, during our EU Presidency in 2013, when gender norms and neglect of basic EU guidelines on the rights of LGBTI human rights. Ireland has taken the individuals were adopted. 36 OUR VALUES

My Job

Patricia O’Brien Permanent Representative to the UN, Geneva

I lead Ireland’s mission to the UN Congressman John Lewis with Nettie Washington Douglass and Ann Quinlan, descendents of Daniel at Geneva and the UN Specialised O’Connell and Frederick Douglass, pictured after delivering the fourth Iveagh House Commemorative Agencies and other International Lecture in April 2014. Organisations such as the World As part of our commitment to Rights and its associated Court. We will Trade Organisation. Geneva is home ensuring accountability for human ensure that judgments in relation to to two-thirds of the activities of the rights abuses, Ireland supported the Ireland are implemented fully and in a UN system. We are involved across establishment of the International timely manner at home. all fields of this work, including Criminal Tribunals for the former human rights, humanitarian Yugoslavia and Rwanda, and is a The Government is committed to an action and refugee assistance, major funder of the Special Court open and constructive dialogue with development, disarmament, health, for Sierra Leone. The International Irish civil society on human rights labour, intellectual property, and Criminal Court provides a means to issues. This is maintained through the science and technology. bring to account perpetrators of the NGO Standing Committee on Human Recent key priorities include Ireland’s most serious crimes of concern to Rights (which has been reviewed responsibilities as a member the international community. We call to provide a more representative of the Human Rights Council, on countries to comply with their membership) and the annual NGO Presidency of the Conference on obligations to cooperate fully with Forum on Human Rights. These Disarmament, Co-ordinator of the the Court and to become parties to structures complement ongoing New Agenda Coalition on nuclear its founding statute. We will promote informal exchange and relationships disarmament, implementation the independence of the Court while between civil society and the of the Cluster Munitions enhancing its working methods and Department, in particular its Human Convention, and efforts to bring a are working to ensure Ireland can ratify Rights Unit. successful conclusion to the Doha by the end of 2015 amendments to its Round of trade negotiations, as well founding statute adopted in 2010. To improve the coherence of the as the outcome of the 9th Ministerial promotion and protection of human Conference of the WTO. We will continue to promote rights in our foreign policy, an Inter- respect for and adherence to Departmental Committee on Human International Humanitarian Law Rights will be established, chaired by in all circumstances. a Minister of State. This will also assist progress towards the ratification by We are committed to the Council of Ireland of key international human rights Europe’s role as the reference point treaties and timely reporting to UN for human rights, democracy and rule human rights bodies. of law across Europe, and the role of the European Convention on Human @HumanRightsIRL OUR VALUES 37

A Fairer World

Ireland has a longstanding commitment to working for the eradication of poverty and hunger in the world. A truly just and secure world cannot be achieved without development, while its absence is a contributing factor to insecurity and human rights abuses. Our commitment is also born of our own experience of hunger. We are working across our foreign policy to address the challenges of poverty and inequality and to create a fairer world.

A fairer world cannot be achieved without peace and security, without justice and human rights and without sustainable policies and actions on the environment, natural resources and the global economy. These challenges are interconnected and require solutions that are also interconnected. What Irish Aid stocks being dispatched from Brindisi. Photo: UNHRD is required is for all members of the international community to take on our collective responsibility for our shared future.

Over recent decades, international aid has driven significant progress in reducing the symptoms and the causes of global poverty. Extreme poverty in the world has been halved; deaths of children under five in sub-Saharan Africa have been reduced by 39% between 1990 and 2011. Primary school enrolment in sub-Saharan Africa rose from 60% in 2000 to 77% in 2011. There has been huge progress in tackling preventable disease.

We have made a contribution to achieving these results. Our aid programme, Irish Aid, is based on building and sustaining strong partnerships to address the complex factors behind poverty, hunger and inequality.

We have established a long term strategic relationship with a total of nine Key partner countries in sub-Saharan Losta Manyamba and Margaret (one year old) at a Community-based Therapeutic Care check up in Malawi. Africa, and Vietnam in Asia. Photo: Daniel Rowan/Irish Aid 38 OUR VALUES

MAKING A DIFFERENCE AT COUNTRY LEVEL: IRELAND AND ITS KEY PARTNER COUNTRIES

Ireland Zambia Human Development Index: 11th of 187 countries Human Development Index: 141st of 187 countries Population: 4.63 million Population: 14.54 million Average Annual Income (GNI) per capita: $33,414 Average Annual Income (GNI) per capita: $2,898 Life Expectancy: 80.7 yrs Life Expectancy: 58.1 yrs

Sierra Leone Tanzania Human Development Index: 183rd of 187 countries Human Development Index: 159th of 187 countries Population: 6.09 million Population: 49.25 million Average Annual Income (GNI) per capita: $1,815 Average Annual Income (GNI) per capita: $1,702 Life Expectancy: 45.6 yrs Life Expectancy: 61.5 yrs

Lesotho Uganda Human Development Index: 162nd of 187 countries Human Development Index: 164th of 187 countries Population: 2.07 million Population: 37.58 million Average Annual Income (GNI) per capita: $2,798 Average Annual Income (GNI) per capita: $1,335 Life Expectancy: 49.4 yrs Life Expectancy: 59.2 yrs

Mozambique Ethiopia Human Development Index: 178th of 187 countries Human Development Index: 173rd of 187 countries Population: 25.83 million Population: 94.10 million Average Annual Income (GNI) per capita: $1,011 Average Annual Income (GNI) per capita: $1,303 Life Expectancy: 50.3 yrs Life Expectancy: 63.6 yrs

Malawi Vietnam Human Development Index: 174th of 187 countries Human Development Index: 121st of 187 countries Population: 16.36 million Population: 91.68 million Average Annual Income (GNI) per capita: $715 Average Annual Income (GNI) per capita: $4,892 Life Expectancy: 55.3 yrs Life Expectancy: 75.9 yrs

Source: UN Human Development Report (2014) OUR VALUES 39

Developed Countries, where nearly half the population lives in extreme poverty (less than €1.25 a day).

Ireland is a world leader in the proportion of aid which we direct to these countries. We have campaigned to draw attention to under‑nutrition and child stunting, one of the world’s most serious, yet least addressed problems.

The effects of climate change impact most acutely on the poorest communities. We are supporting developing countries and vulnerable communities to develop their own national responses to environmental degradation, natural resource management and efforts to conserve Minister Charlie Flanagan with Dutch PM, Mark Rutte, co-chairing ‘Delivering Zero Hunger – and promote biodiversity. The Demonstrating Impact’ at the UN in September 2014 Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade brings a strong development We also deliver assistance through Ireland remains a very significant perspective across government to partnerships with development international aid donor. The Ireland’s broader work on climate NGOs and civil society organisations, Government has succeeded in change and sustainable development. missionary organisations, academic stabilising the development aid institutions, public sector bodies, budget over the past three years and Poor governance and corruption, which and with the Irish public more is committed to making progress to persist in many countries, undermine broadly to achieve greater quality achieve the UN target of providing development and require the highest and effectiveness. In particular, we 0.7% of GNP in Official Development vigilance against mismanagement use our voice internationally to Assistance as our economy improves. and fraud in the use of public and rally support behind the related Our aid is 100% untied. We remain one donor funds. Its main victims are development challenges of hunger of the most generous countries per poor communities in developing and under‑nutrition. capita in the world. countries. We are working with partner governments, parliaments We are recognised as having one and communities at national and of the most effective development Keeping Pace with a local level to strengthen public programmes in the world. The OECD- Changing World financial management systems and conducted peer review of Ireland’s accountability for equitable, efficient international development programme But despite the progress achieved, one and sustainable service delivery. Irish in 2014 praised our strong focus on billion people, or one in seven of the Aid is the Irish people’s aid programme. tackling hunger and poverty and noted world’s population, remain hungry that Ireland excels at delivering aid today. The distribution of global poverty We are committed to openness, that is effective and reaches those who is changing. By 2030, half of the world’s transparency and accountability need it most. We are proud that we poor will be in sub-Saharan Africa. in the use of public funds and are recognised as delivering, through Cities in middle-income countries are to demonstrating clearly the Irish Aid, on our commitments to home to increasing numbers of the results achieved and the impact international development and to world’s poor, who face rising levels of of our assistance. Oversight and promoting peace, human rights and inequality and social exclusion. The accountability systems have been food security. incidence of poverty is greatest in Least strengthened and strong internal controls put in place to protect public 40 OUR VALUES

funds and mitigate the risk of fraud. countries’ own leadership, their We are determined that fraud at any ability to raise revenue and boost level will not be tolerated. foreign direct investment, to integrate into world markets and to address Gender inequality remains a inequality. It also recognises that, in huge issue, and women still have addition to our aid programme, other significantly less access than men policies across government have an to resources and opportunities. impact on international development. Our approach is based on a firm commitment to the empowerment In addition to reaffirming our of women and girls, and to their commitment to the fight against role in driving an end to poverty. hunger and poverty, there is a strong My Job We work to address inequalities, in focus on sustainable development particular gender inequality, across our and inclusive economic growth, Dr. Jonas Chambule development programme. We focus better governance, human rights Health Programme Adviser, on countering barriers to women’s and accountability. Embassy Maputo participation, and strengthening the voice and role of civil society and New partnerships are being I joined the embassy in 2004 to local communities. established in some of the most advise on the health and HIV vulnerable regions in sub‑Saharan and AIDS sectors in Mozambique. Good governance and accountability Africa. We have expanded the Irish My work is focused on ensuring are vital for the realisation of human Aid programme in Sierra Leone, and appropriate planning, management rights, and key to addressing inequality, upgraded our presence to a full and value for money of Ireland’s discrimination and exclusion which embassy. This will strengthen our support to Health in Mozambique. lie at the core of poverty. We will efforts to help address the devastating This support aims to reform and continue to focus on building effective consequences of the Ebola epidemic improve delivery and quality of institutions and policies as well as in Western Africa. Ireland’s whole of health services at national and encouraging popular participation in government response is reflected provincial levels in partnership with the democratic process. in the deployment of Irish military the Ministry of Health. I work to personnel to support the embassy strengthen our partnership with In many parts of the world, inequality staff in Sierra Leone, where Irish NGOs the Clinton Health Access Initiative and insecurity are linked. 42% of are also playing a vital role. This work and to ensure lessons learned the world’s poorest people now live is evidence of our commitment to from Ireland’s support to Health in countries affected by conflict, working in fragile states, often in in Mozambique are documented violence and instability. The number of difficult and challenging environments. and used. humanitarian crises continues to rise I am grateful for the opportunity while the international humanitarian The Ebola crisis has underlined the to work with Ireland to achieve system is stretched beyond acceptable devastating effect of a public health a better future for the people levels. Many fragile regions and states crisis in poor countries, and the of Mozambique. The Health struggle to emerge from longstanding regional and global implications and Minister described Ireland as emergencies. Ireland is playing its risks. Strengthening the capacity of Mozambique’s best partner in the part in helping address this wave of health systems will be a necessary health sector during the State visit suffering, and we have not neglected part of our response. The provision of the President of Mozambique to emergencies in parts of Africa which do of essential public services is a key Ireland. Long may Ireland’s good not always receive public attention. requirement for development and we reputation continue! are working to improve the access of To respond to these changes, the vulnerable people to quality services Government adopted a new Policy for such as health, education and social International Development: One World protection with a strong focus on One Future, in 2013. It makes clear that people affected by HIV and AIDS. aid alone will not solve the problems of Insert hyperlink to https://www.irishaid.ie/about-us/policy-for- international-development/ poverty and hunger. Lasting solutions must be underpinned by developing OUR VALUES 41

More Needs to be Done As countries drive their own increasing trade and investment links. development, aid will need to Our aid programme recognises the Sustainable growth must be complement other tools for change interdependence between political underpinned by developing countries’ such as taxation, political dialogue, engagement, peace and development. own leadership, and their ability to and foreign investment. To achieve a raise revenue and better integrate into lasting solution to poverty, countries We will partner with African countries regional and global markets. need sustained and inclusive economic on issues such as climate change, growth, that leads to domestic revenue disarmament, peacekeeping, human Many sub-Saharan African generation, increased employment rights and hunger. We will deepen our countries are experiencing rapid and trade opportunities, and enhanced dialogue with the African Union and economic growth, increased trade wellbeing of all citizens. regional economic communities. and investment, and greater democratic participation. Africa We are committed to strengthening is increasingly financing its own and broadening Ireland’s engagement Making a Step Change development as it becomes more and partnership with Africa. integrated into the global economy, Ireland now has ten embassies in 2015 will be a pivotal year in and the views of African countries sub-Saharan Africa, mandated to international development, as we work are gaining increasing weight at promote all aspects of our relations with partners to maximise progress international level. with African countries, including under the Millennium Development Goals adopted in 2000, and negotiate a new global framework to replace them. Our ambition is to achieve a transformative shift to sustainable development goals, including a commitment to end extreme poverty and hunger by 2030. This will require sustained effort and commitment.

Ireland has already demonstrated strong leadership on this challenge, including during our 2013 Presidency and at the United Nations. We have been asked by the UN to take on the responsibility of co-facilitating, together with Kenya, the international negotiations on the new global development framework at the UN in School children in Machanga District of Mozambique. Photo: Hu O’Reilly, Trócaire 2015. This is a significant honour for Ireland and a global recognition of the quality and value of our aid programme and our partnership approach to development. More importantly, it is an opportunity to shape global debate, and to help secure an outcome that will make a difference to the lives of the world’s poorest people. We will engage purposefully and in a spirit of partnership to achieve this.

@Irish_Aid

Election observation at Wabera Polling Station in Kenya. Photo: John Lynam, Irish Aid 42 OUR VALUES

Through our ratification of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, we are committed to playing our role in reaching and implementing global solutions to the climate challenge. Through the Government’s Framework on Sustainable Development, Our Sustainable Future, we strive to promote a balance between the three pillars of sustainable development – economic, social and environmental.

Dry water body in Kiloso District, Tanzania We will maintain our engagement as a party to the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol security and public health. It will play and strive to meet our obligations A Sustainable a significant role in shaping the future arising from them. We will work World security environment. constructively for an agreement in 2015 that will strengthen the international Challenges posed by climate change, Ireland and the EU are committed to response to climate change, and population growth, management an effective, long-term global response. establish a comprehensive and of natural resources, and food, An EU Framework on Climate and effective course of action consistent water and energy security require Energy for 2030 includes a target to with the ultimate objective set out in closer cooperation at national, EU cut EU greenhouse gas emissions by at Article 2 of the 1992 Convention. Former and international levels if we are least 40% by 2030 compared to 1990 President Mary Robinson will play a to prevent them from becoming levels. This level of ambition underlines role in preparing for this conference drivers of insecurity and obstacles the important role the EU is playing as the UN Secretary General’s Special to development. in shaping the global climate change Envoy for Climate Change. We are agreement due to be concluded at a also supporting natural resource Climate change is a global UN climate conference in Paris in 2015. management, as well as supporting environmental, development and developing countries to conserve and security challenge. It acts as a Because it affects poorest communities promote biodiversity and to strengthen catalyst, exacerbating tensions over most, climate change is a priority in resilience against climate change. land, water, food and energy prices our international development policy. and creating migratory pressures We will press for climate change to be Tensions and conflicts overaccess to and threatening food and nutrition addressed in an integrated manner in water and other resources are likely to the post 2015 development framework. become more frequent over the next decade with the potential to have a direct bearing on European policy and interests, and on international peace and security.

Food security - ensuring enough nutritious food to feed a growing world population and making more efficient and more sustainable use of the world’s natural resources – is a key challenge in the global policy agenda. It is central to Ireland’s International Development Policy, which prioritises action to reduce hunger and Irene Mosoboya, a carer with CHOICE, a South African NGO funded by Irish Aid, giving horticulture advice undernutrition sustainably. to HIV patient Betty. Photo: Irish Aid OUR VALUES 43

Ensuring equitable access to raw climate goals. Consistent global work of the International Renewable materials and a sustainable supply implementation of safety provisions Energy Agency, particularly in of these commodities is important with regard to major hazards in relation to promoting sustainable for both the European economy relation to offshore exploration and energy production in developing and and for developing countries. We production of oil and gas is crucial for emerging economies. Through our are supporting sustainable natural sustainability and competitiveness. development policy, we support the resource management and use of use of sustainable sources of energy. sustainable energy sources. As part of We will support an EU external energy the EU’s Water Diplomacy policy, we policy aimed at ensuring security will support regional cooperation on of supply and sustainable energy sustainable water management. management. Renewable energy and efficiency targets agreed under the We also support initiatives by the WTO EU 2030 framework will increase the and EU to support best practice in security of the EU’s energy supplies and relation to the trade of raw materials help reduce dependency on imported and initiatives which promote fossil fuels. Solidarity among member sustainable access to raw materials. states and speaking with one voice for collective impact is a significant Energy security is a growing challenge tool for the further development of EU in many parts of the world, while high security of supply, competitiveness and My Job dependence on energy imports is a key sustainable development. issue for European countries. Given its Sinead Walsh potential to become a source of conflict One of the EU’s key energy objectives is Ambassador, Sierra Leone and Liberia or target for attacks on states, access to to develop a single EU energy market, energy is receiving increasing attention with an interim step of creating seven I have been working at the embassy at EU and international level. regional electricity markets. Securing in Freetown for three years. We are Ireland’s integration with EU regional a small team, working to help Sierra Access to a diverse, secure and energy markets has the potential to Leone rebuild after the brutal 11-year affordable energy supply is critical enhance security of supply, increase war which ended in 2002. Ireland for our economic growth. Exploring trade and competition and benefit is the lead donor on nutrition opportunities for offshore oil and gas, energy consumers (business and and women’s rights, supporting and developing renewable energy residential) and the wider economy. children’s nutrition at the critical onshore and offshore, including ocean growth stages, and assisting energy, are key objectives. The possible We will continue to play an active survivors of sexual assault to get development of a renewable electricity role in international organisations medical care and access the legal export market would be a significant such as the International Energy system. We also help Irish companies contribution to EU energy and Agency, and to support the ongoing doing business in Sierra Leone’s fast- growing economy. The embassy also manages the Irish Aid programme in Liberia and I make monthly trips to support our two programme officers on the ground.

We are playing an active role in response to the Ebola outbreak, supporting the International Medical Corps in Sierra Leona and Liberia to establish and run treatment centres, and UNICEF in Sierra Leone for emergency nutrition for Ebola‑affected households.

Mary Robinson, UN Special Envoy for Climate Change, addresses the Hunger, Nutrition and Climate Justice Conference in April 2013 Our Prosperity OUR PROSPERITY 45

Samuel Beckett Bridge, Photo: Fáilte Ireland

been developed, new knowledge and been re-orientated to better support Driving Economic skills acquired and close partnerships economic promotion and officials have Growth fostered. Co-operation in promoting been seconded from the Department our economic interests has intensified of Foreign Affairs and Trade to the ver recent years, the Irish across government, as well as with Department of the Taoiseach; the Government has had an state agencies, the private sector, Department of Finance and IDA Ireland. engagement with the non-governmental organisations and The Department of Jobs, Enterprise OEuropean Union, with international interest groups. and Innovation has responsibility for financial institutions and with other Enterprise Ireland; IDA Ireland and governments which is unprecedented The Export Trade Council (ETC), Science Foundation Ireland which work in our recent history, both in range chaired by the Minister for Foreign closely with the Department of Foreign and depth. Direct engagement by Affairs and Trade, works to strengthen Affairs and Trade in implementing the Taoiseach, Tánaiste, the Minister coordination in implementing the the Government Trade, Tourism and for Finance, the Minister for Foreign Government Trade, Tourism and Investment Strategy. Affairs and Trade, the Minister for Investment Strategy, a Review of which Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation, and was published in February 2014. The These steps towards a more skilled and other Government Ministers has Council includes the Minister for Jobs, integrated economic diplomacy have helped promote a positive image of Enterprise and Innovation; the Minister supported our successful exit from Ireland and deepen economic links for Agriculture, Food and the Marine; the EU/IMF programme, the return with our trading and investment the Minister for Transport, Tourism of our bond ratings to investment partners. Rebuilding our reputation and Sport; the Minister for Education grade, the decline of our bond yields internationally has made a major and Skills; and the Minister of State to historic lows and the restoration contribution to restoring economic for Development, Trade Promotion and of international confidence in the stability and growth at home. North South Cooperation, as well as Irish economy. This has involved a number of the heads of the State agencies and Government Departments and the representatives from business. Our prosperity is closely linked to State agencies that report to them, in the opportunities and advantages particular Bord Bia, Enterprise Ireland, The chairmanship and secretariat of membership of the EU, not least IDA Ireland, Science Foundation of the ETC was one of a number of through the single market. The Ireland and Tourism Ireland. trade promotion functions allocated richness and complexity of these links to the Department of Foreign Affairs are treated in greater detail in the In support of this economic diplomacy, and Trade in 2011, when its name following chapter. and building on prior activities and was amended accordingly. The work successes, new relationships have of Ireland’s diplomatic network has 46 OUR PROSPERITY

My Job

Promotion event for Irish food in the Republic of Korea Michael Collins Ambassador Germany

I came to Germany last year from Washington DC and to another relationship that is of vital importance to Ireland. The job of our embassy team is to ensure that we are engaged with Germany in a way that advances Ireland’s huge trade, investment and tourism links and our EU interests.

What Germany is thinking, and how it is doing, matters to Ireland. Hosting the Taoiseach here in Berlin last July when he met with the Chancellor and business leaders really brought home to A bioscience class at Athlone Institute of Technology. Photo: Athlone Institute of Technology me the substance and scale of our relationship. As an embassy, However, the open nature of Ireland’s people and support a total of 300,000 we are dedicated to building this economy means that our ability to jobs, or some 16% of the workforce. The relationship in every way that we trade and to attract investment and value of exports has exceeded our GDP can and forging a strong future tourism is affected to a degree that since 2010. The eight million tourists together as committed members of is rare among our European partners who visited the island of Ireland in 2013 the EU. by developments elsewhere. The helped sustain 240,000 jobs North and issues of development, security and South. All three sectors show strong sustainability set out in the previous growth potential over the next five years. chapter exert a powerful effect on the global economy. Our values To take full advantage of this, intensive, and our economic interests are targeted and coordinated engagement closely interrelated. will be required on several fronts – to remove barriers to trade, investment As a small, open economy, Ireland and mobility, to ensure a sustainable is reliant on trade, investment and and competitive tax regime, to deepen tourism to sustain around 900,000 engagement with priority and high jobs. The foreign owned sector employs potential markets and to leverage over 250,000 people in Ireland and our competitive advantages to contributes many more jobs indirectly. greatest effect. Indigenous exporters employ 175,000 OUR PROSPERITY 47

Removing Barriers to Trade, Investment and Mobility

As an open economy, Ireland has a strong interest in robust international trade frameworks. The World Trade Organisation (WTO) sets the rules of trade and mechanisms for dispute resolution between nations while the World Intellectual Property Organization and the International Labour Organisation help to regulate Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Simon Coveney TD, pictured with US Secretary of Agriculture, the international environment for Tom Vilsack. In 2015 Minister Coveney announced that Ireland is the first EU state to gain entry to the valuable US beef market economic growth and development. The Department of Jobs, Enterprise and It is estimated that completion of these 2014 and Thailand in 2013) and Social Innovation takes the lead in this area. EU trade negotiations would generate Security Agreements (with the US, over two million jobs across the EU and Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand Negotiations in the WTO framework bring significant benefit for Ireland. and others) help Irish businesses have been slow in recent years, These agreements present further operating overseas, support the resulting in new emphasis on regional opportunities to promote trade and attraction of foreign direct investment and bilateral trade agreements among investment with these countries. to Ireland and assist Irish people WTO members. The recent success working abroad. in concluding a Trade Facilitation In the immediate future, negotiations Agreement, the first multilateral on a Transatlantic Trade and New air routes to Ireland (Dublin- agreement in the WTO’s history, may Investment Partnership (TTIP) San Francisco in 2014, and Addis help renew ambitions in the area between the EU and US, launched Ababa-Dublin-Los Angeles in 2015) of multilateral trade agreement under Ireland’s EU Presidency, have connect Ireland with major African negotiations. The development of the potential to lead to what would and US West Coast hubs and, together sectoral plurilateral and multilateral be the world’s largest bilateral trade with new air transport agreements, agreements in services, green goods, agreement with very significant support tourism, trade, investment government procurement, customs benefits to Ireland which is one of and mobility. and trade facilitation, and information Europe’s greatest beneficiaries of technology represent a new and transatlantic economic activity. An A well-functioning visa system significant departure in large scale outcome which delivers greater strengthens immigration controls and trade negotiations while still holding regulatory cooperation and facilitates supports business and tourism. The the potential to reduce costs and boost better access to US markets for goods Department of Justice and Equality, exports in the Irish economy. and services produced in Ireland is a working closely with the Department key goal in the short term. of Foreign Affairs and Trade, has Ireland already benefits from an opened visa offices at our embassies extensive network of EU Trade The recently concluded Comprehensive in Abu Dhabi, Abuja, Ankara, Beijing, and Association Agreements with Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) London, New Delhi and Moscow which other countries and regions. In the with Canada will open up tariff-free now provide a streamlined service immediate future, the EU will complete access to Canada for Irish goods and to applicants from these regions. or advance comprehensive trade and services and increased opportunities in A short-stay Visa Waiver Programme, investment agreements with critically Canadian public sector purchasing. introduced in 2011, has increased important trading partners for Ireland tourism and business visits from including the United States and Japan. Ireland has a sophisticated network of eighteen countries by enabling holders This builds on work already concluded Double Taxation Agreements (DTAs). of a UK visa to travel to Ireland. with Canada and the Republic of Korea. DTAs (most recently with Ethiopia in 48 OUR PROSPERITY

My Job

Aidan Tumbleton Visa Office Manager, Embassy Ankara Former President McAleese and Queen Elizabeth at the Garden of Remembrance in Dublin in 2011 Applications from Turkish nationals wishing to travel to Ireland are and the Department of Agriculture, the Chinese market is even greater, increasing at a remarkable rate, Food and the Marine, in cooperation with demand for beef in China and have more than doubled in the with the Department of Foreign Affairs expected to grow by one million tonnes past four years, to 4,446 in 2013. and Trade and its embassy network, over the next five years. Talks with the My duties include supervising Visa are promoting growth in this sector Chinese food safety authority indicate Officers and locally recruited staff, through the Origin Green initiative a possibility of opening up that market developing vetting procedures and which aims to make Ireland known to Irish beef in 2015. best practices, and liaison with our globally as one of the most sustainable key customer groups. producers of quality food and The Department of Foreign Affairs beverages. The EU milk quota regime, Our average processing time of and Trade and its Embassy network, in place since 1984, will be removed in three working days was the shortest the Department of Education 2015, opening up new opportunities of all Irish Naturalisation and and Skills, and Enterprise Ireland for the Irish dairy sector. Already, Immigration Service Offices in 2013, through its ‘Education Ireland’ in sub-sectors such as infant milk and compares favourably against brand, are working with higher formula, Ireland supplies 10% of the the majority of other EU embassies education institutions to attract global market. Overall, Ireland is well- in Turkey. This is doubtless a key international students and position placed to benefit from opportunities factor in attracting increasing Ireland as a global leader in the for agri-food exports arising from numbers of visitors to Ireland. provision of high-quality education increased global demand for food in to the next generation of leaders, view of the projected growth in the entrepreneurs and decision- Building on this, Ireland and the world population. The Department makers internationally. Building UK have introduced reciprocal visa of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation stronger alumni associations arrangements under which each has invested heavily in the food and also contributes to this work. recognises short-stay visas issued by beverage sector through Enterprise The Review of the Government the other. This will allow the holder of a Ireland, to support the development of Trade, Tourism and Investment short-stay visa to travel freely between company capability and innovation to Strategy, set an ambitious target both jurisdictions. New arrangements ensure the sector is positioned to take for the international education for visitors from China were introduced advantage of emerging opportunities. sector to directly contribute €900 in autumn 2014 and further countries million to the Irish economy by will be added. The Japanese market was opened the end of 2015, from its estimated to exports of Irish beef in 2013 in a contribution of €800 million in New markets are being opened up for deal worth €15 million a year. The 2012-2013. Irish agri-food exports, worth almost US market, worth an estimated €30 €10 billion in 2013, an increase of 40% million annually, will also shortly since 2009. Bord Bia, Enterprise Ireland reopen to Irish beef. The potential in OUR PROSPERITY 49

the extension of the Foreign Earnings growing importance in response to the Ensuring a Deduction until 2017. The scheme has global financial crisis. To fully protect Sustainable and also been enhanced to make it easier our interests, we need to influence for companies to expand their exports discussion on issues that affect us in Competitive Tax to foreign markets and the list of these frameworks. With the opening of Regime eligible countries has been increased an embassy in Indonesia, Ireland is now to include countries in the Middle East, represented in all G20 members and Another issue of importance for Ireland Asia, and Central and South America. will need to use these relationships to in the immediate future will be the ensure Irish positions are understood. international response to concerns This issue has underlined the role around international tax rules. of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Ireland’s interests are best served by in addressing this and other issues ensuring a sustainable and competitive that are fundamentally important for tax regime that plays by the rules but Ireland’s prosperity including public wins foreign direct investment into sector reform, education, science Ireland. In this context, the Government and technology, energy policy and is committed to maintaining an open, development as well as growth and transparent, stable and competitive jobs. Engagement with the OECD has corporate tax regime and, in particular, been significantly deepened through to maintaining a corporation tax rate discussions led by the Taoiseach and of 12.5%. then Tánaiste in February 2014. My job

Ireland’s International Tax Strategy, The Department of Finance manages Michelle Middleton published in 2013, sets out the Ireland’s engagement with the Office Manager, Embassy New Delhi Government’s commitment to a full bodies charged with helping ensure exchange of tax information with our international economic stability and My role involves a very wide range tax treaty partners; to global automatic sustainable development including of activity, from event management exchange of tax information, in line the International Monetary Fund to overseeing building maintenance with emerging EU and OECD rules; (IMF), the World Bank and other to helping Irish citizens in difficulty. to tackling harmful tax competition international financial institutions On a day-to-day basis I oversee as part of EU and OECD efforts, such as the European Investment Bank, the working of the embassy including the OECD’s Base Erosion the European Bank for Reconstruction and supervise its local staff. I and Profit‑Shifting (BEPS) project; and Development and the Asian am responsible for the embassy and to engaging constructively and Development Bank. The UN also has buildings and equipment, as well respectfully with developing countries an important influence on the EU as vehicles and security. I am also in relation to tax matters. In respect regulatory regime. responsible for monitoring the of this last point, a Spillover Analysis embassy budget. The embassy hosts on the Possible Effects of the Irish Tax The embassy network provides frequent events to promote Ireland System on Developing Economies was invaluable support to the in India. These can be for anything launched in 2014, with results expected international financial policy work up to 250 attendees and require an to be published in early 2015. of the Department of Finance, both enormous amount of planning to globally and within the EU framework. ensure they run smoothly. A new Road Map for Ireland’s Tax Analysis and political insight from the I also liaise with the Ministry of Competitiveness was published in network contributes to better national External Affairs, local authorities October 2014 which updates the outcomes in negotiations. and the Police. My role involves International Tax Strategy and sets helping Irish citizens in distress out a comprehensive package of A different challenge is posed, in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and competitive tax measures designed to however, by organisations which Bangladesh and liaising with reposition Ireland to reap the benefits, exert significant influence but in our honorary consulates across in terms of sustainable foreign direct which we do not participate directly. South Asia. investment, of a changed international Foremost among these are the G8 tax landscape. One such measure is and G20, which have assumed a 50 OUR PROSPERITY

IRELAND’S ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY IN ACTION: 2013

coordinated plans developed with the State specific engagements 27 agencies for Ireland’s to facilitate trade and priority markets 734 investment supporting Irish jobs

In St Patrick’s Day period alone: 70 focused company engagements and business events involving over Embassies, consulates and missions to multilateral 73 organisations (80 in 2014) 8,500 Irish and international company representatives

Engagements with over

high-level visits with a 1,152 significant economic or representatives of international 136 promotional dimension media supported, across 52 countries

The promotion of Ireland directly to audiences of over

events and 778,000 engagements 656 promoting Irish tourism and ‘The Gathering’ Promotion of key economic directly to over 297,000 messages in op-eds and interviews people from its in the international media – worldwide launch in reaching, at a very conservative March 2012 estimate, an audience of over

engagements to 53.5m promote Ireland’s 661 economic positions to office-holders Renewed access for Irish products internationally to 9 international markets secured – with a combined population of 1.5billion OUR PROSPERITY 51

Deepening Engagement with Priority and High Potential Markets

Ireland’s position as a member of the European Union, with access to a single market (of over 500 million people) for labour, goods and services, benefitting from close integration into the sterling area as well as the Eurozone, and enjoying a uniquely strong economic relationship with the US, is a strong economic asset. The strong links with three currency areas allow Ireland to benefit as a bridge between these areas.

In our high-value markets, relationships at the highest political level, through Ministerial and other official visits and meetings, support trade, tourism, education links and investment goals.

As the first export market for many Irish companies and one of the largest economies in the world, the United Kingdom is our most important trade partner. Business is valued at €1 billion per week, supporting around 10% of jobs in Ireland. A joint economic study in 2013 examined a number of areas for greater collaboration, including agriculture and food; construction and physical infrastructure; energy; financial and professional services; innovation, research and development; and transport and tourism. Cooperation and dialogue is increasing. of merchandise exports in 2012, worth previous half-century. This translates In 2013, thirty-six meetings took place €38.9 billion. 25% of our inward into high quality employment: more between Irish and British ministers investment flows are from Europe. than 130,000 jobs in Ireland directly and over 30 high-level visits to Britain result from inward investment from have been facilitated by the embassy in The continuing importance of the the US. The US is also Ireland’s largest London in 2013 and 2014. economic relationship with the US trading partner for services and our cannot be overstated. This is evident largest single export market for Six of our remaining top ten trading across the board: in investment flows, goods. Additionally, it is our second- partners - Germany, Belgium, France, in trade, and in tourism. US investment largest market for tourism – and an Italy, the Netherlands and - are in Ireland continues to accelerate: in exceptionally vibrant one, currently in the Eurozone accounting for 42% the past half-decade, US firms invested the fastest growing among our more capital in Ireland than in the major markets. 52 OUR PROSPERITY

The Taoiseach and President Obama at Farmleigh House in Dublin in May 2011

A review of our US strategy, Ireland and America: Challenges and Opportunities in a New Context in 2014 highlighted the constant evolution in the relationship, the potential still to be realised, and the need to remain fully engaged so as to respond to new opportunities as they emerge. Consulates have been opened in Atlanta and Austin in recent years to benefit from the strong opportunities in these regions of the US.

As exports continue to be the main driver of our economy, new high- growth markets are increasingly important targets for Irish companies, accounting for a small but growing share of trade and investment. The relevant Departments and State Tánaiste Joan Burton addressing the Irish Business Organization of New York agencies will continue to plan for longer-term trends, strengthening and Review of the Government Trade, In many of these markets, the diversifying our trade and investment Tourism and Investment Strategy state plays a key role in economic links and capturing opportunities in recognises this need while continuing activity, increasing the importance dynamic, rapidly growing economies to nurture our existing markets. of government-level relations to in Asia, Latin America and Africa. The open doors. OUR PROSPERITY 53

SUPPORTING JOBS IN IRELAND: THE EMBASSY NETWORK

• Organising Ministerial and other high-level visits • Highlighting the positive Irish business environment which open doors for Irish businesses; to potential investors; • Developing business links for Irish enterprises • Showcasing Ireland as a centre for innovation, in local markets; creativity and R & D; • Negotiating market access and helping resolve • Identifying inward investment opportunities and regulatory difficulties for Irish exporters; working with state agencies to pursue them; • Hosting business and industry events • Brokering collaborative investment and business to support Irish companies; partnerships between Irish and local companies. • Identifying market opportunities and advising Irish exporters on local business conditions; • Building and supporting business networks.

Supporting Irish Promoting Ireland as a Exporters destination for FDI

Coordinating Ireland’s Promoting Ireland economic goals as a destination for and strengthening tourism and education our international reputation

• Promoting Ireland as a destination for leisure and • Developing targeted action plans with state business tourism; agencies for our priority markets; • Building contacts with airports, airlines and tour • Promoting Ireland’s economic interests with operators to promote travel and tourism capacity international policymakers; into Ireland; • Strengthening Ireland’s profile abroad; • Promoting Ireland as a location for study and • Communicating Ireland’s economic position to academic research; international media and opinion-formers; • Supporting Irish institutions working to attract • Promoting Ireland’s reputation as a source of high foreign students. quality goods and services. 54 OUR PROSPERITY

My Job Pictured in Milan at Bord Bia’s offices, Minister Flanagan with Ambassador to Italy Bobby McDonagh and Bord Bia’s Liam McHale. Italy is Ireland’s ninth largest trading partner John Conlan Asia-Pacific Director, IDA, Shanghai The rise of Asia is transforming the way deepen bilateral engagement with IDA Ireland is the Irish Government’s the world works. By 2025, it will account this important economic partner. economic development agency for almost half the world’s output and Agriculture is one of our priority responsible for attracting Foreign will overtake the combined economic sectors; food and drink exports have Direct Investment to Ireland. output of Europe and North America tripled in the last three years, and before 2020. In the near future, Asia will China is on course to become our Based in Shanghai, I lead all of IDA’s not only be the most populous region in second-biggest market in this sector. activity throughout the Asia Pacific the world, but also the largest economic Negotiations for an EU-China Bilateral region including IDA’s offices in China, zone and home to a majority of the Investment Agreement, begun in 2013, Japan, Korea, India, Singapore and world’s middle class. should provide a firm basis for two- Australia. IDA’s business development way investment opportunities and, teams in Asia Pac work across a range China is now the second largest in the longer term, an EU-China Free of sectors to win new investments economy in the world and is a major Trade Agreement. for Ireland from this fascinating and focus of our trade, tourism and growing part of the world. I took up investment. A programme of high level A Partnership for Prosperity and my current role in August 2014. visits to China has boosted political Growth agreed during the Taoiseach’s Each of the markets here has different and economic ties, culminating in a visit to Japan in 2013, sets out a path characteristics & opportunities for State Visit by President Higgins in 2014 to enhance political and economic winning FDI and we employ a mixture and in the commitment by President relations with this key Asian country of Irish and local staff. A lot of our Xi Jinping to make a return visit. A and third largest economy in the world. job is very specific to developing Strategic Partnership Agreement with Building on these agreements and relationships with companies but China, launched during the Taoiseach’s expanding their number will be an we work closely with our agency and visit in 2012, provides a framework to important task in the period ahead. embassy colleagues, helping build a stronger profile for Ireland in each of our markets. We are increasing our FDI business over the last few years and growing the number of world class companies from the Asia Pacific investing in Ireland.

President Michael D. Higgins and Chinese President Xi Jinping, Beijing, December 2014 OUR PROSPERITY 55

My Job Richard Bruton, Minister for Jobs Enterprise and Innovation, and Enterprise Ireland representatives with staff and students of Kolej Mara Banting in Malaysia Smruti Inamdar Director ASEAN, Enterprise Ireland, A joint strategy and targets for India Singapore are being developed, involving the The primary role of Enterprise embassy in New Delhi and the State Ireland’s overseas offices is to help agencies and there are growing Irish companies identify and win links with the Republic of Korea, the business abroad and thereby fifteenth largest economy in the world increase employment in Ireland and the first Asian country to conclude and exports from Ireland. We a Free Trade Agreement with the EU. maintain strong relationships and Ireland is now present on the ground collaboration with Irish embassies in fiveASEAN members following the and the other state agencies in the opening of embassies in Bangkok and ASEAN region to deliver the joint Jakarta in 2014 (Indonesia, Malaysia, objectives of the Government’s Trade, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam). This Tourism and Investment Strategy. provides a solid platform for building stronger links in this dynamic and Case Study: Japan My office is co-located with the rapidly developing region. embassy in Singapore. Our Market The Irish embassy in Tokyo has Advisers connect Irish companies to These engagements will require been working for several years potential partners and new business sustained prioritisation and strategic together with the Department of contacts across the globe. We assist investment in the coming years. Agriculture, Food and Marine to client companies entering overseas re-open the Japanese market to markets for the first time by helping In the immediate future investment Irish beef. Agreement was reached them identify and target new will also be required in the skills during a visit by the Taoiseach and market opportunities, validate needed to deepen understanding of Minister Coveney to Japan in 2013, their product/service potential and doing business in Asia. Initiatives such making Ireland one of a select make introductions to key buyers as the Farmleigh Fellowship provide group of countries able to export and decision-makers. We also assist third level students with first-hand beef to Japan. Bord Bia estimates companies already doing business to experience of studying and working that the short to medium-term further develop, diversify and grow in Asia. Studies in Chinese, Japanese opportunity for Irish beef in Japan their business in both existing and and Korean are already offered by Irish is €12-15 m, with potential for new overseas markets. third level institutions. At secondary significant expansion over time. school-level, Mandarin will shortly be The decision was a key milestone available as an option in the Junior for the Irish agri-food sector, and Cycle, while Japanese is now available beef sector in particular. for Leaving Certificate. 56 OUR PROSPERITY

Case Study: Brazil

The Irish embassy in Brazil and the Department of Education and Skills secured participation by twenty- two higher education institutions in the ‘Science without Borders’ scholarship programme funded Latin America and the Caribbean is Exports to the Middle East and the by the Brazilian Government a region of very significant potential, Gulf amounted to just over €2 billion and private sector. The scheme with 600 million people, enormous in 2011. The region offers high potential will bring up to 4,000 Brazilian natural resources and a rapidly for Irish companies in the education, students to study in Ireland at growing middle class. Growth rates of health, construction and agri-business under-graduate level and a further almost 5% over the last decade have sectors. Gulf economies, such as 1,500 at post-graduate level from transformed the region and growth is Saudi Arabia and the United Arab 2012 to 2016, boosting scientific and expected to continue with particularly Emirates (UAE), are priority markets. academic links with Brazil. In 2015 strong opportunities for Ireland in Irish companies are establishing a alone, the value of this scheme to Brazil and in Mexico which is the direct presence in the region, with over the economy is estimated at over world’s fourteenth largest economy seventy companies operating in the €35m, whilst also creating a future and projected to move into the top ten. UAE alone. There are also opportunities pool of alumni links between in Egypt in the food, health and Ireland and Brazil. information technology sectors. OUR PROSPERITY 57

My Job

Sonja Hyland Ambassador Mexico

I took up duty as ambassador to Electricity workers in Tanzania. Irish Aid/Jeff Barbee Mexico in August 2013. Our embassy covers seven other countries in Africa is home to six of the ten fastest and an Africa Agri-Food Development Central and South America which, growing economies in the world. Fund was established in 2012 with the together, amount to the sixth Foreign direct investment in Africa Department of Agriculture, Food and largest economy in the world. is growing quickly. Starting from a the Marine. Since I arrived, our small team has low base, trade between Ireland and managed the visit of President Africa has increased significantly in Joint Economic Commissions Higgins to Mexico, El Salvador and the areas of ICT, financial services and with China, the Republic of Korea, Costa Rica, two Irish Ministerial visits telecommunications. An annual Africa Russia, and Saudi Arabia provide and one Mayoral visit to Mexico and Ireland Economic Forum in Dublin a forum to develop trade and a visit by the Mexican Minister of attracted 200 Irish business delegates economic, business, scientific and Economy to Ireland. We have also and representatives from twenty-two technological cooperation. facilitated hundreds of business, African countries in 2014. Trade visits academic, media and cultural links (most recently to South Africa, Nigeria, between Ireland and Latin America. Kenya and Ghana) have increased We work closely with Mexico to advance shared global values, such as disarmament, non-proliferation, and sustainable development.

There are major opportunities for Irish companies in the region and for Mexican companies to use Ireland as a gateway to Europe. It is a huge privilege to represent Ireland in this dynamic, challenging and fascinating region.

The Africa Ireland Economic Forum in Dublin, November 2014 58 OUR PROSPERITY

Obama, have not only deepened these As a pilot, the Government is currently Making the Most relationships but have generated engaged in a project to improve of our Competitive publicity worth an estimated €300 Ireland’s strategic messaging in million. Almost two thirds of tourists China, and will look at how this can Advantages who visit Ireland rate our history and be replicated in other markets. culture as central factors in their Ireland’s strong national image is one decision to visit. Our diaspora and our business of our greatest assets. Our culture networks are an extraordinary asset resonates globally with parades and But while awareness of Ireland which few of our rivals can match. festivals worldwide helping to promote is strong and perceptions are With over 300 members based in a strong image of Ireland and its overwhelmingly positive in Europe almost forty countries, the Global Irish people. In the United States, St. Patrick’s and North America, sustained Network brings together many of Day events give Ireland an access to investment in our image is required the most influential Irish and Irish- the President and members of the in emerging markets in Asia, Latin connected individuals around the Administration and a visibility which America and Africa where our visibility world. Network members provide an is unmatched by far larger countries. is relatively low and our reputation is invaluable resource of international Even in the US, however, the changing critical to success. expertise, through mentoring and make-up of America means that guidance to Irish SMEs and supporting Ireland’s visibility should not be taken Visits abroad by the President – to Ireland’s embassies and State agencies for granted. Latin America in 2013 and to Africa in pursuing trade and investment and to China in 2014 - have generated promotion opportunities. Benefits flow from projecting a strong enormous goodwill towards Ireland and clear image of Ireland abroad and helped underline values we hold and from influencing how we are in common. Culture also plays an perceived by other governments, by the important role, in China for example international media, by the business where the success of Riverdance has community, international markets helped create a wider awareness and investors and by the general of Ireland. public. Visits to Ireland, for example by Queen Elizabeth and President Barack OUR PROSPERITY 59

My Job

Michael Hussey Manager Middle East region, Dubai, Bord Bia

We opened our Dubai office in March 2014 and co-locate with Enterprise Ireland. We cover the Gulf Cooperation Council countries (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain, Qatar) with watching briefs on Jordan and Iran. Current exports of Irish food & beverages to the Middle East are €320 million with the GCC countries accounting for €192 million.

My role is to provide information and intelligence on market Taste of Ireland Green Box Competition was launched in Dubai in 2012 opportunities, build relationships with current customers, and seek out new opportunities and relationships across retail, food service and manufacturing for the food & beverage sector. We work closely with embassies in the region. Our goal is to double exports to the region by 2020. There are opportunities across all sectors, but the biggest opportunities are in dairy and dairy ingredients.

Delegates attend the third Global Irish Economic Forum in Dublin Castle in October 2013 60 OUR PROSPERITY

In the context of competing demands, New embassies or consulates we must ensure the most effective have recently been opened to use of our resources, which is a key take advantage of opportunities focus of the Export Trade Council’s in Indonesia, Thailand, Kenya, work to enhance coordination of the Croatia, the US (Texas), China (Hong Government’s efforts to promote our Kong) and Brazil (Sao Paulo). In the international trade, tourism, education future, observer status at regional and investment. organisations which are playing an increasingly important role in many A flexible approach helps target areas could offer an opportunity to resources in the most effective way deepen interaction with potential as opportunities are identified in new partners. both priority and high potential markets. This approach is mirrored Direct economic benefits may by Local Market Teams chaired by the flow from asserting Ireland’slegal ambassador and bringing together entitlements in maritime zones off embassy and State agencies to our coast, and to the natural resources support a more coordinated approach located in and under them. Working in priority markets. Such flexibility within the framework of the UN will continue to be reflected in the Convention on the Law of the Sea, Deputy Pat Breen, Chairperson of the Oireachtas strategies of the State agencies, which the Government has successfully Committee on Foreign Affairs and Trade are driven by their client-needs to promoted Ireland’s claims to extend The Global Irish Economic Forum ensure maximum benefit. It also its continental shelf area and to win was first convened in 2009, and includes the flexibility to open and recognition of our entitlement to a subsequently in 2011 and 2013, to explore close offices across markets and to large area of additional seabed in how the Irish at home and abroad, and locate resources in commercial centres. the North Atlantic, together with those with a strong interest in Ireland, any mineral deposits located there, could work together and contribute to The Government will continuously with further work ongoing in this Ireland’s economic recovery. 2013 saw review how resources, including the area. Boundaries with the UK in our the reach of the Forum extended, with embassy network and State agency respective exclusive economic zones regional meetings in Cork, Galway and offices, are deployed in order to benefit have been settled, offering greater Belfast, and a large-scale mentoring from changing opportunities in these protection of fisheries and the marine event for Irish SMEs in partnership with high-growth markets. environment and facilitating the Enterprise Ireland. development of offshore renewable This network comprises offices in 96 energy resources within our zone. Concrete results have flowed from these locations worldwide. Many of our meetings, including an ‘Invest in Ireland’ competitors for trade and investment roundtable with President Clinton in present a unified image of their New York in February 2012, the Global embassies and promotional State Irish Contacts Programme where over agencies abroad. The Ireland House Over 100 members have signed up to support concept, which brings embassies and Irish exporters, and the designation of State agencies under one roof, helps 2015 as the Year of Irish Design, as well to ensure a joined-up approach to as giving impetus to initiatives such as promoting a Team Ireland image. The Gathering 2013 and the Succeed in New Ireland House arrangements Ireland initiative. The Government will are currently being established global greenings convene a fourth Forum, which will see in Austin, Hong Kong and Sao 120 its reach broadened and deepened. Paulo, where Enterprise Ireland is in 2014 already established. OUR PROSPERITY 61

NEW MARKET APPROACH

US UK Germany France China

Markets Value Japan Other EEA* High Canada Australia Singapore Russia India Brazil South Korea Saudi Arabia UAE Markets Developing and  Other Established South Africa Malaysia Turkey Indonesia Nigeria Mexico Vietnam

and Exploratory Thailand

Markets High Potential Chile *Other EEA with Local Market Teams: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden,

Ireland House Madrid Our Place in Europe OUR PLACE IN EUROPE 63

ur membership of the European Union has shaped and amplified our foreign Opolicy since 1973.

At the same time, the impact of EU membership is much broader than foreign policy, touching all areas of Government. In many areas, national and EU policy-making are intertwined.

EU membership has been central to the transformation of Ireland’s economy and society over the past forty years. In particular, our economy has benefited immensely from the creation of the internal market; from the EU’s role as the world’s leading trading bloc; from the Structural Funds and from the Common Agricultural Policy.

Our shared membership of the EU has been very important to the Northern Ireland peace process and to North South co-operation, and has helped change the context of the British- Departments reflects this. We must Irish relationship. The EU remains Engaging at the continue to chart a coherent and fundamental to our interests, to our Heart of Europe consistent path in advancing our security and prosperity, and to the well- interests in the Union. being of the Irish people. Reflecting a Our successful exit from the EU/IMF continuing broad national consensus, programme in December 2013, our As a trading nation, we depend on the Government is committed EU Presidency in the first half of that international rules which permit the to safeguarding and promoting year, and progress towards economic free flow of goods, services and capital. Ireland’s place at the heart of Europe, recovery at home have helped us to The most important set of rules is those as an active and constructive EU regain international credibility and governing the EU Single Market, which member state. ensure the renewed respect of our is constantly developing, including by European partners. The experience of addressing the new economic realities Membership has transformed our links the economic and financial crisis has of the digital sector, and of trade in with other European countries, and in shown the importance of a coherent services, in a more closely integrated most cases is the principal focus of our and concerted engagement across European economy. We will continue relations with them. Our capacity to the full EU agenda, and of investing to influence the evolution of the Single promote our values and advance our in relationships with each of our EU Market, through our participation in interests through the projection of our partners. The coordination of our EU EU legislative and regulatory processes. foreign policy is also greatly enhanced engagement and the development We will also continue to influence and by EU membership. of our overall strategy rest with the promote policies that contribute to the Department of the Taoiseach, while competitiveness of the EU. The social the Department of Foreign Affairs and dimension of the EU, with its focus Uachtaránacht na hÉireann ar Trade has strengthened the existing on workers’ rights, gender equality Chomhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh focus of our embassies in Europe on and non-discrimination reflects a Irish Presidency of the Council of the European Union safeguarding Ireland’s EU interests. distinctively European set of values The assignment of Dara Murphy TD shared by Ireland. as Minister of State for European Affairs and Data Protection to both 64 OUR PLACE IN EUROPE

The EU is also a major global economic actor, standard-setter and source of regulatory norms in many areas, including the environment, climate change, energy and international trade.

Our membership of the EU’s Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) provides the basis for our financial stability, as well as our currency. In response to the crisis, economic governance arrangements have been strengthened and a Banking Union has been created. This has implications for the financial stability and economic prospects of Ireland and of key trading partners. Our active, constructive participation in economic discussions in the European Council, the Finance Ministers’ Council (ECOFIN) and the Eurogroup is critically important to Ireland’s economic future.

Responding to Critical Challenges

Notwithstanding its resilience, the EU is facing a number of serious An Taoiseach, Enda Kenny TD, addressing the European Parliament plenary during Ireland’s 2013 Presidency challenges. Foremost among these of the EU Council is supporting economic recovery and growth across Europe, a Economic and Monetary Union is not Instability and conflict on the EU’s necessity if intolerably high levels currently as intense as in 2012-13, it can borders, whether in Ukraine or in the of unemployment in many member be expected to resume and, in addition Middle East underscore the need for a states are to be reduced. The to technical issues, to pose questions cohesive and effective policy towards consequences of stagnation are not about the relative powers of national its neighbours. just economic, but also social and and European institutions. political. Relatively high current levels of public dissatisfaction with the EU, The need to boost the levels of while related in part to a sense of investment within the EU, with a view remoteness from political institutions to stimulating growth and creating which is also visible at national level employment, is at the very top of the in many member states, are clearly current European agenda. In addition, also linked to frustration with its strengthening and modernizing the economic underperformance. European industrial base requires a broad range of coherent and The EU’s role in co-ordinating member coordinated policies and actions on states’ budget and macro-economic many levels of the economy. policies has been strengthened during the crisis, but implementation of How Europe responds to climate the new rules remains complicated change, and how it enhances its energy and at times controversial. While the security, are fundamental to its long- debate about the further deepening of term future. © European Union 2014 - European Parliament OUR PLACE IN EUROPE 65

My Job

Declan Kelleher Permanent Representative to the EU, Brussels

The Permanent Representation to the European Union (affectionately Taoiseach, Enda Kenny, Minister for Education and Skills, Jan O’Sullivan, and Minister of State for European Affairs and Data Protection, Dara Murphy launching the 2014-2015 Blue Star Programme in Government known as the ‘Rep’) is Ireland’s Buildings with pupils from Gardiner Street NS, Dublin largest mission overseas, with officials from almost every In many countries the impact Government Department. I lead of migration is high on the a team dedicated to securing political agenda. Ireland’s goals across the full range of EU policies and activities Uncertainty over the future position (such as agriculture, research and of the UK in the European Union has innovation, consumer rights, and potential implications for the Union as a employment and social affairs). whole, and very particularly for Ireland. All key issues to be decided on by EU Ministers and Heads of State and More generally, it is essential for the Government pass across our desks. EU to demonstrate and explain its The Permanent Representatives continuing value to its citizens in a of the 28 member states meet difficult context, in which Europe’s several times a week to discuss relative position is diminishing and in the most pressing issues on the EU which globalisation and technological agenda. This requires finding good innovation are driving continuous and compromises that work for Europe rapid change. It is clear that a core task while ensuring that our national for the Union is to manage Europe’s interests and values are protected interaction with the wider world, but and defended. so far this narrative does not have the direct emotional appeal European integration had to generations affected by the World Wars. Communicating EU membership has the fundamental importance been central to the and relevance of the Union is the transformation of responsibility not just of the EU Ireland’s economy and institutions but of member state governments and civil society. But society over the past clearly, to be persuasive the Union has forty years to be effective in addressing the main challenges ahead. 66 OUR PLACE IN EUROPE

We will also defend and promote Ireland has a long-standing tradition Our EU Priorities specific Irish interests in areas of of working closely with other like- prime national importance such as the minded member states, on issues such Priorities for the coming years are set development of our agricultural and as trade, agriculture and international out in the Strategic Agenda for the marine sectors, and the maintenance development policy. There is also a Union in times of change adopted of our system of corporate taxation. need to build cross-sectoral alliances, by the European Council, with the including at European Council level, participation of the Taoiseach, in We believe that it is important for the especially where trade-offs between June 2014. Within the five broad fields Union to focus above all on the concrete member states or groups are likely highlighted in the Strategic Agenda, economic and social issues affecting its to occur. Ireland in the short and medium term citizens. We believe that the potential of will focus in particular on: the many innovations contained in the Unlike other EU partners, Ireland Lisbon Treaty and the new economic does not have a natural geographical • Completion of the internal market governance arrangements should be constituency. To advance our interests, in products and services, and of the fully exploited, and that while further we must maintain strong relationships digital single market; reform should not be excluded the with a range of member states. We are • Promotion of entrepreneurship and Union does not need to be distracted by prioritising our objectives in a strategic job creation, not least for SMEs, the complex challenge of Treaty change. manner across the Council, working including through access to finance with smaller member states as well and reduction of unnecessary as our larger partners. The experience administrative burdens and of the recent financial crisis, and the compliance costs; Building Alliances extent to which critical decisions • Combating youth and long-term determining our future were made unemployment, including through and Influencing by our EU partners, underlined the investment in training and support Outcomes importance of this work. for mobility; • Promotion of investment in In a Union of twenty-eight member Advancing our interests in the EU also infrastructure and in research and states, influence on policy is best requires us to build our influence with innovation, active participation in exerted through partnerships with the European Institutions, notably the the European Research Area and others. In addition, our standing and European Commission, the European maximising our participation in influence with the other member Council and the European Parliament. Horizon 2020; states on non-EU matters are enhanced In the short term, it will be essential • Negotiation of trade and investment by the depth of the relationships we to build relations with the new agreements with third countries, have established in the context of our Parliament, Commission and President including the United States EU membership. and Japan; • The effective functioning of new economic governance arrangements, including the European Semester, and of the new Banking Union; • Promoting access to energy which is affordable, secure and low-carbon through an integrated climate change and energy policy; • The prevention of international crime and terrorism.

Agriculture and Fisheries Council © eu2013.ie OUR PLACE IN EUROPE 67

My Job

Irene Kirwan Financial Services Attaché, Minister for European Affairs and Data Protection, Dara Murphy TD, pictured with Polish Secretary of State for EU Affairs, Rafał Trzaskowski Permanent Representation of Ireland to the EU in Brussels of the European Council, so that Irish required to raise general awareness As Financial Services Attaché, I positions are understood and taken about careers in the European participate in the decision-making into account. institutions, including through the processes at EU level representing EU Jobs campaign. and promoting Ireland’s interests The European Parliament in particular in relation to the EU programme has a growing role, and Ireland is of financial services legislation, working to maintain and build on the The EU-UK Relationship particularly within the Council’s level of access and profile achieved Working Party on Financial Services during our EU Presidency in 2013. The debate under way in the United meetings and in the networking and Kingdom on its place within the intelligence gathering preparation The re-organisation of the European EU has hugely important political that contributes to these meetings. Commission through the creation of implications for the EU and for Ireland. My role is to see that both our Vice-Presidents with clear executive Ireland has a unique relationship with Ambassador to the EU and responsibilities, the redefinition of the UK and would, therefore, be more the Minister for Finance are many portfolios, and the creation of seriously affected than other member adequately briefed to ensure groups of Commissioners to work on states by a British exit from the EU. Ireland’s interests on financial specific projects, offers the prospect of As a consequence, while we naturally services issues are promoted and greater focus and coherence. However, respect the right of the people of the defended when decisions are understanding and working effectively UK to determine the issue – though we taken by EU Finance Ministers. I within the new structures will in their believe that membership of the Union also ensure that the Department early days be a demanding challenge has been advantageous for the UK – a of Finance is kept informed about for all member states. British departure from the EU would relevant information/intelligence be likely to have immediate, direct and on EU and international financial The number of Irish people working serious implications for Ireland. services issues. within the EU institutions, particularly at senior levels, faces a decline in the It is impossible to be precise about the period ahead owing to retirements concrete implications as the terms of a Our view is that the EU is stronger, both and the impact of enlargement. The new relationship between the UK and in itself and above all in its external Government will support and promote the EU could vary greatly in different relations, with the UK as a member. the recruitment and promotion of Irish contexts. In all cases, very many Ireland’s interests are served by the nationals to posts in the European sectors of the economy and of public presence of a large member state institutions, and will facilitate the administration are likely to be affected, which shares many of our positions, temporary secondment of Irish including with regard to the relations such as on trade, regulation and the personnel, in order to maintain our between North and South. Single Market, and with which, as influence within the EU. Efforts will be 68 OUR PLACE IN EUROPE

our nearest neighbour, we have the Ensuring Accountability and the European Parliament Office, the closest human, economic, cultural and Raising Awareness European Movement Ireland, and historical links. the Institute of International and National Parliaments are increasingly European Affairs. As a neighbour and friend of the UK, active in their role as guardians of the we will work hard to encourage its principle of subsidiarity under the @IrelandRepBru continued membership of the EU. This Lisbon Treaty. Debate around the role is a fundamental Irish national interest. of National Parliaments in relation to a Where the UK seeks reasonable and perceived democratic deficit intensified achievable adjustments in how the during the European elections and Union operates, or in its own relations institutional changeover in 2014 and with the EU, our instinct will be to be will certainly continue. sympathetic and supportive. Where, on the other hand, we believe that The scrutiny work of the Houses of a UK proposal would be unrealistic the Oireachtas is an essential link or seriously damaging – to our own with the citizen and measures to interests or the broader functioning of increase the public visibility of this the EU – we will be candid, but always work will continue to be of importance. in the context of our close relationship While ways to enhance Ireland’s My Job and our overall objective. parliamentary scrutiny model are primarily for the Houses of the Dr. Ruth Freeman Ireland has, when necessary, differed Oireachtas to decide, the Government Director Strategy and from the UK in its strategic choices in is open to review and discussion. The Communications, Science regard to the EU. Based on our national Government will also participate Foundation Ireland interest, we will continue to do so actively in future discussion at if necessary. European level on the role of national I was appointed as Director of parliaments and the balance between Strategy and Communications of In any case, it is clear that managing them and the European Parliament. Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) in Ireland’s interests on this issue will 2013. My responsibilities include be an important element of our The Government is also committed to developing and implementing engagement with the EU in the coming encouraging greater public awareness SFI’s strategy in conjunction years, and also of our relationship with and understanding in Ireland of with the Director General, SFI the UK. Europe and the benefits of Ireland’s EU communications, liaison with membership, in partnership with the national and international partners, European Commission Representation, education and outreach activities, and engagement with industry.

We work closely with Irish embassies on international initiatives which help to develop links with top international research institutions and enterprise markets. We also seek to develop collaborations and partnerships which reinforce Ireland’s standing as a top-class research-performing nation and highlight our research achievements around the world. OUR PLACE IN EUROPE 69

With twenty-eight countries speaking Union’s neighbours. Ireland is a A Strong European as one, Europe’s voice is stronger. committed advocate of enlargement Voice in the World Acting through the EU amplifies from a position of principle: we Ireland’s voice, enabling us to exercise wish to see others benefit from the The European Union is also the primary greater influence than we could by opportunities that we have enjoyed framework through which we pursue acting alone. The EU is also able to through EU membership. Support many of our foreign policy goals. engage with larger partners in a way for aspiring members also translates that its individual members cannot. into solid ties with new partners as The EU is an important global actor, It is in our interest to ensure the EU is they take their place at the EU table. supported by its size and diversity, able to make a positive contribution on While some may question the future its economy and its experience of the world stage. of enlargement, we emphasise its promoting common approaches importance and the need to ensure a over five decades of integration. Its In the EU’s neighbourhood, credible enlargement process. influence is also enhanced by the Enlargement is its most powerful relationships and resources which each transformative tool, bringing stability, of its members bring to the table. democracy and prosperity to the

EU MEMBER STATES AND CANDIDATE AND POTENTIAL CANDIDATE COUNTRIES

Azores (Portugal)

Madeira (Portugal) Guadeloupe

Martinique Iceland

Sweden Finland

Mayotte Norway French Guyana Estonia Reunion Latvia Denmark Lithuania Russia

Ireland United Belarus Poland Kingdom Netherlands Germany Belgium Luxembourg Czech Rep. Ukraine Slovakia

Austria France Switzerland Hungary Slovenia Croatia Romania Italy Bosnia- Herzegovina Bulgaria Republic of Spain Macedonia Portugal Greece Turkey

Malta Crete Cyprus

EU Member States Candidate and Potential candidate countries 70 OUR PLACE IN EUROPE

Ireland supports Turkey’s EU accession process, and aims to deepen relations with this increasingly important political and economic partner. We also support membership for the countries of the Western Balkans, reflecting an association built up through contributions to UN and EU crisis management operations.

We will explore opportunities to increase our support for enlargement countries by sharing our own experience of EU membership. This will help them prepare for membership while fostering long-term relationships with future EU partners.

The EU’s Neighbourhood

Through the European Neighbourhood Policy, the EU is promoting political and economic stability to the Union’s east and south. As recent developments in Ukraine and the Middle East have shown, instability on the EU’s borders The OSCE Chairperson-in-Office, former Tánaiste, Eamonn Gilmore TD, addresses the Ministerial Council directly affects the EU and its members. Dublin, December 2012 Responding to this will be a critically important challenge for the EU. and are likely to continue to be felt have the potential to destabilise other both in relations with Russia and developing democracies on Europe’s A significant challenge is the re- in approaches to regional security borders, and to affect the delicate emergence of tensions with Russia and stability. regional balance in the Western Balkans. following the illegal annexation of Crimea. Russian actions to destabilise An immediate priority will be a By bringing together all the countries eastern Ukraine and exert economic peaceful and negotiated resolution to of Europe including Russia, as well as pressure on other Eastern Partnership the crisis in Ukraine, which respects Central Asia, the United States and countries have strained regional its right to freely determine its future Canada, the Organization for Security stability and political and economic without external interference or and Cooperation in Europe is an relations with Russia. These actions pressure. This would open the way to important forum for security issues disregard fundamental principles resuming an open and constructive affecting the continent. The promotion and obligations of international law, relationship with Russia, an important of security, economic development including respect for the sovereignty economic partner for the EU as well and human rights and democracy and territorial integrity of Ukraine. as on efforts to address regional and overlap and all three are at the heart international challenges. of the OSCE’s work. Ireland initiated While sanctions have been imposed on the development of an ambitious road Russia by the EU and others in response New emphasis will need to be placed map for the future of the Organization to these actions, it is uncertain how on strengthening countries to our east, during our Chairmanship in 2012. these tensions will be managed or through the EU’s Eastern Partnership. Building on this will be important. may evolve. The reverberations have The signature of Association Ireland supports closer cooperation been felt in Russian incursions into Agreements with Georgia, Moldova and between the EU and the OSCE to the airspace and territorial waters Ukraine in June 2014 was an important bring greater stability to the wider of a number of EU member states, step in this respect. These tensions also European region. OUR PLACE IN EUROPE 71

The EU’s Global Engagement issues and the crisis in Ukraine. As in priority in the period ahead. A number other areas of the EU’s work, groups of Irish officials are working in the EEAS The EU is able to make a positive global of member states work together to and we will build on this presence. contribution through its Common shape discussions in keeping with their We can also benefit from access to Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). priorities and we must do the same. information and networks which its At its heart is a focus on conflict Ensuring EU decisions on issues of delegations can offer us in countries resolution, peaceful co-existence, and interest to Ireland continue to reflect where we do not have an embassy. a commitment to improving the lives our values and perspective will be an We will explore opportunities for co- of its own citizens and of those of ongoing priority and challenge. location of our offices abroad with the neighbouring countries and regions. EEAS and burden-sharing where this is This is in keeping with our own The post of High Representative is practical and cost‑effective. approach to foreign policy. now firmly established as a key figure in international diplomacy, raising While EU delegations provide added We engage across the board to shape the the EU’s profile on key foreign policy value in many areas, they are not a EU’s response to global challenges and issues and ensuring a consistent and substitute for our own embassies international events. However, in keeping coherent message to the outside world. and consulates. Key national goals, with the priorities for our foreign policy, This is a positive development. such as promoting our exports and we should focus in particular on: securing foreign investment, providing But for the EU to have real influence, assistance to our citizens, safeguarding • maximising the EU’s voice and it must harness all of the instruments our Irish values and interests and influence on human rights issues; at its disposal - diplomatic, promoting a positive image of Ireland • striving for a balanced and equitable developmental, trade and security. The abroad can best be achieved through solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Lisbon Treaty provided the EU with the our embassy network. conflict and other conflicts in the necessary tools - a permanent President Middle East and North Africa; of the European Council, a High On a small number of issues, individual • promoting stability and Representative for Foreign Affairs and countries take a distinctive view in development in Africa; Security Policy and a European External line with their values and foreign • strengthening EU capacity for Action Service - to play a more effective policy priorities. While we strive to conflict prevention and resolution; role on the international stage. As a achieve common positions wherever • enhancing EU-UN cooperation; result, the EU is now pursuing a more possible, on issues such as nuclear • the EU’s neighbourhood. coherent, focussed and results-driven disarmament, for example, there may approach to its external relations. This be less scope for agreement within the The EU’s contribution to international is good for Ireland. EU. In these cases it makes sense to peace and security is an important work with other like-minded countries, part of the CFSP. Our approach to these The EU’s engagement with regional both inside and outside the EU. issues is described in the chapter on organisations in Asia, Africa, Latin ‘Our Values’. America and elsewhere offers us Our efforts to shape the EU’s external opportunities to influence EU engagement are important in The majority of decisions in this area frameworks on issues of interest to themselves. They also serve our broader require the agreement of all member us and to deepen our interaction interests as a member state. Being a states. We work actively to achieve with countries where we do not committed contributor on EU foreign common positions and agreement can have an embassy. policy issues means we are more usually be found. Positions agreed by respected by other member states and all twenty-eight members carry greater The European External Action Service this strengthens our position in the force, enabling the Union to exercise (EEAS) and its network of EU delegations EU in other areas. And by projecting a greater influence on key issues. around the world have brought greater clear sense of our values through our coherence to the EU’s external action. foreign policy outside the EU we can As the EU has grown in size, and with Working with the EEAS to influence strengthen our influence within it. a more complex array of regional and policy areas of interest to us will be a international challenges facing it, the search for consensus has become The EU amplifies our voice, enabling us to influence global more challenging. We have seen this in EU discussions on Middle East events and to better navigate a changing world. Our Influence OUR INFLUENCE 73

Minister Flanagan at the launch of the Global Horizons Youth Initiative at Scoil Chríost Rí in Portlaoise in 2014. Photo: Adrian Melia

Irish diplomacy has built a reputation political priorities at the highest level. Our Influence for professionalism, integrity and This role is particularly significant as effectiveness over many years. Ireland’s member of the European s a small country, we must be Council. As part of this international smart about how we use our The importance of the President role, the Taoiseach also undertakes a voice. Our ability to influence in maintaining and deepening strategic programme of international Athe decisions and outcomes that relationships which are critical for travel designed to drive jobs, growth affect us, and to shape the global Ireland cannot be over stated. This role and investment in Ireland and agenda rather than respond to one is exercised in many ways, but perhaps strengthen bilateral political and set by others, depends on the quality most visibly advancing reconciliation economic relations, including leading and reach of our diplomacy. Our voice on this island and in State visits. Two trade missions. The Taoiseach also is amplified through our membership ground-breaking visits to the UK and meets a large number of high level of the EU, enabling us to have greater China in 2014 underline the role of the international visitors to Ireland influence than we would on our office in building strong relationships and attends or speaks at a range own. We also seek to maximise our for Ireland with strategically of significant international events. influence by engaging across the UN important partners. Successive Taoisigh have played an system and by working with like- important role in the area of Irish- minded countries, both within the EU As Head of Government, the Taoiseach British relations and Northern Ireland. and beyond. plays a very significant role in shaping The Tánaiste and other Government Ireland’s international engagement Ministers also play an important role in and promoting Ireland’s economic and external aspects of their portfolios. 74 OUR INFLUENCE

Managing our interests abroad questions dealing with external requires whole-of-Government An Accountable relations. Questions relating to EU engagement. Ninety-seven officers Foreign Policy and international issues are also from other Government Departments directed to the Minister having are working at embassies and The Government is committed to responsibility in that particular area, consulates abroad, with the largest ensuring accountability for Ireland’s while the Taoiseach also answers a number at Ireland’s Permanent foreign policy. considerable number of questions on Representation to the EU in Brussels. Ireland’s foreign policy. Ministers at Personnel from the Department of The Houses of the Oireachtas ensure the Department of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Affairs and Trade are seconded democratic accountability, through Trade responded to 1,681 questions to the Department of the Taoiseach debating and approving treaties from members of the Dáil in 2013. and the Department of Finance. and legislation, discussing issues of foreign interest and questioning the In an ever more interconnected and Government on its foreign policy. The online world, a strategic, proactive work of Oireachtas Committees dealing and co-ordinated approach to with different aspects of our external communications and to promoting relations also contributes to democratic Ireland internationally across oversight. The Joint Committee on Government is vital across the range Foreign Affairs and Trade and the of our sectoral interests, particularly in Joint Committee on European Union markets and regions where awareness Affairs exercises particular oversight of Ireland may be less developed than of Ireland’s foreign policy while the in our longer established markets. An Joint Committee on Implementation of increasingly coordinated approach the Good Friday Agreement performs My Job has been driven through a variety of a similar function with regard to initiatives and mechanisms in recent Northern Ireland related issues. Other John Histon years including through the Strategic Oireachtas Committees examine Head of Procurement, Limerick Communications Group and this work external aspects of Government policy will continue. falling within their remit. As Head of Procurement for the Department, my role is to lead and The primary responsibility for day to Parliamentary Questions allow support the public procurement day coordination of foreign policy lies members of the Dáil to enquire operation across the Department, with the Minister for Foreign Affairs into any aspect of foreign policy. including at HQ and embassies, and Trade assisted by one or more The Minister for Foreign Affairs for all sourcing requirements. This Ministers of State. and Trade receives the majority of responsibility includes providing technical support, management and co-ordination of fair and transparent procurement activities, compliance with EU and Government regulation and contract formation. As the supply management lead, the primary focus of my role is to ensure that the Department’s commitment to achieving value for money is the drive in obtaining goods, works and services that provide the best quality at the best market price.

The launch of the Ireland in China Weibo account OUR INFLUENCE 75

Documents on Irish Foreign Policy (DIFP) is a public resource for the study of Irish diplomatic history. Since 1998, its print and online volumes of documents from the archives of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade have contributed to academic research and public understanding of the history and heritage of Ireland’s foreign relations at home and abroad. DIFP is available online at My Job www.difp.ie and on Twitter Caoimhe Ní Chonchúir @DIFP_RIA Third Secretary, Embassy Madrid

Madrid is Ireland’s busiest consular mission, with around 1.3 million visits by Irish people to Spain each A deeper engagement with Ireland’s year. We deal with over 25% of An Open Approach foreign policy objectives should begin consular cases worldwide. I oversee in schools, where a new outreach to Foreign Policy the consular and passport services programme is now under way with we provide to Irish holidaymakers In today’s hyper-connected world, the aim of encouraging students from and residents in Spain. In 2013, our getting Ireland’s message across all backgrounds, including those from small consular team here, supported is a key strategic objective. This immigrant and diaspora backgrounds, by our network of ten honorary means engaging at all levels – with to engage with Ireland’s foreign policy. consuls provided assistance in governments and organisations, with connection with 50 deaths of Irish companies and institutions and, most To reach a wider audience in Ireland, citizens and 100 arrests, as well as importantly, with people. the Department of Foreign Affairs and hospitalisations. Most holidays to Trade organises events such as the Spain go very smoothly, but we are The embassy network and State Iveagh House Commemorative Lecture there to help if things go wrong. agency offices abroad play a vital role Series, Africa Day and the Iveagh in promoting Ireland, in particular Scholars schools outreach programme. Another part of my job is to work through new media, providing It promotes awareness and with the Spanish-Irish Business accessible and user-friendly online understanding of the history of Irish Network to promote business links services and information about Ireland. foreign policy in partnership with the between Ireland and Spain. With Social media is central to this outreach, Royal Irish Academy and the National 900 members, the network brings with a growing presence on Twitter, Archives of Ireland to make archives businesses and individuals together LinkedIn and Facebook and on local available through the Documents on to deepen trade between Ireland media platforms such as Weibo in Irish Foreign Policy series. and Spain (currently worth about China. The embassy network acts as €7 billion per year). the eyes and ears of the Government A process of consultation was held overseas, engaging with international involving Government Departments media and contributing to strategies and State agencies, members of the to address reputational threats, in Oireachtas, civil society and members partnership with relevant Government of the public as part of the preparation Departments and Agencies. of this review.

The Government encourages partnership and collaboration with NGOs, academics, members of the public and other stakeholders. 76 OUR INFLUENCE

WORKING FOR IRELAND: THE DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND TRADE

Safeguarding Ireland’s interests

Promoting Serving the Irish people Ireland’s values

Working for reconciliation Advancing and cooperation on the Raising Ireland’s Ireland’s prosperity island of Ireland Global Profile Serving the Irish people 800,000 consular, passport and visa queries dealt with annually 629,446 passports issued in 2014 E Over 29m funding for 1,300 peace and reconciliation projects since 2004 E110m for diaspora groups worldwide since 2004

Over 350 cultural events funded by embassies and consulates in 2014

Supporting Irish jobs Representing Ireland in the EU

Flying the flag for business: growing exports, attracting investment, Advancing Ireland’s boosting tourism EU interests

St Patrick’s Day: embassies Shaping the EU’s organised on average 17 global engagement events each in 133 cities across 68 countries in 2014 Building strong partnerships in Europe Communicating our economic Working with strengths: all Government audience of Departments over 53 million reached in 2013 OUR INFLUENCE 77

Promoting Ireland’s Values How we do this – 5 signature foreign policies: A Fairer World

A Just World

A Secure World

A Sustainable World

Combating Supporting International Development Poverty and Hunger Commitment to development Advancing - top ten donor Human Rights

Best aid programme Promoting voted by Brookings Disarmament Institution

Fighting hunger Committed to UN 20% of our aid Peacekeeping budget

Fighting diseases Sharing our experience in particular HIV and of peace and AIDS, TB & Malaria reconciliation on the island of Ireland

About Us

Over 40 languages Working in over 40 languages every day

80 57% 43% of our staff abroad Managing relations with at home 178 countries through 80 diplomatic & consular offices: 97 Europe: 33 staff from other Departments Asia Pacific: 13 working at embassies abroad The Americas: 12 Africa: 10 Middle East: 5 60% Multilateral Organisations: 7 of our embassies have 1 or 2 diplomatic staff 78 OUR INFLUENCE

The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade

The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade serves as a knowledge bank for Government, helping other Departments achieve their external goals through its access to networks abroad through Ireland’s embassies and consulates and its local knowledge. Maintaining a permanent corps of experience in international affairs is vital if the Government is to secure the maximum benefit from Ireland’s international engagement.

The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade comprises a headquarters at home and eighty diplomatic and consular offices abroad, as well as the North South Ministerial Council Joint Secretariat in Armagh and the British Irish Inter-Governmental Secretariat in Belfast. A system of secondary accreditations allows us to manage relations with a wider range of countries than those where we have embassies. We provide a limited range of services for Irish citizens and businesses in these locations through a network of 100 honorary consuls. The Government will keep the embassy network under review and will move to address this in light of evolving needs and priorities and as resources permit.

Some 1,360 people work for the Iveagh House, headquarters of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade at home and abroad, including In relative terms, the Irish foreign one-in-seven posts since 2009, while a multinational workforce of locally service is modest in size: 60% of maintaining services and opening engaged staff. Staff work in over forty Ireland’s offices abroad have one or two eight new offices abroad. languages daily, in offices located diplomatic officers, while only fourteen across fourteen time zones. 60% of have more than three. The Department of Foreign Affairs and staff are directly engaged in providing Trade is one of the oldest institutions services to Irish citizens and business, In partnership with the Department of State. Ireland’s first foreign minister, or delivering aid to some of the of Public Expenditure and Reform, it Count Plunkett, was appointed by poorest and most vulnerable people is delivering significant efficiencies Dáil Éireann on 22 January 1919, and in the world. through improved productivity and our first envoys were despatched reduced costs. We have reduced our abroad soon after. In the decades staff numbers by approximately since then, the Department has OUR INFLUENCE 79

My Job

Brian O’Brien Human Rights Unit, Dublin

I work in the Human Rights Unit, which deals primarily with Human Rights at multilateral fora. We are particularly busy since Ireland’s election to the 47-member UN played a central role at key moments ecuring Ireland’s external goals Human Rights Council for the 2013- of Irish history: from consolidating involves many Government 2015 term. Membership gives Ireland our independence in the 1920s and Departments working together, a platform to advocate for human 1930s, to protecting our security and Sreflecting the growing extent to rights around the world. We work neutrality during WWII, making a which domestic and external policy closely with Irish NGOs through distinctive contribution at the UN, to making are connected. Taking a the DFAT-NGO standing committee negotiating our entry to the EEC in 1973 whole-of-Government approach, which meets quarterly. I work and guiding our membership of the EU including through the Cabinet with Irish Aid on incorporating since then, to building and sustaining Committee structure, will remain human rights into Ireland’s peace and promoting reconciliation crucial in the period ahead. The development programme. on the island of Ireland. Each of Minister for Foreign Affairs and these achievements required the Trade will bring forward a series of I am also responsible for tracking Department to evolve, as the interests initiatives to progressively advance and influencing developments at the and goals of the nation have evolved. the goals set out in this document, UN General Assembly in New York. with an initial review of progress at We work hard to ensure that Irish The Department of Foreign Affairs the end of 2015 priorities such as protecting human and Trade will mark the centenary of rights defenders and combating the founding of the Irish diplomatic violence and discrimination based service in 2019 and a century of on gender or sexual orientation are service to the Irish people. As it looks reflected on the international stage. to the future, its goal is to serve the Irish people, promote their values and advance their prosperity abroad, and to provide Government with the capabilities, analysis and influence to ensure that Ireland derives the maximum benefit from all areas of its external engagement.

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ྤၩ೯౵ .ie Printed on FSC Certifi ed paper. reddog .ie Printed on FSC Certifi design_www. The Global Island The Global Island Ireland’s Foreign Policy for a Changing World Ireland’s Foreign Policy for a Changing World

Our People Our Values Our Prosperity

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RIALTAS NA hÉIREANN GOVERNMENT OF IRELAND