Table of Contents Darshanam

Editor: Blessings from Scholars & Elders 1 Sri Mohan Sagar

Editorial 2 Who is Ramanuja? 3 Associate Editor: Smt Harini Raghavan RAMANUJA DARSHANAM Followers of Ramanuja & Lord 6

Great Saints and Teachers 7 (Philosophy of Ramanuja) Advisory Board: Divine Places - 9 Sri Mukundan Pattangi Q&A: Need for & 15 Sri TA Varadhan Mumukshuppadi 19 Sri TCA Venkatesan Life History of our teachers 20 In Focus 23 Subscription: Moral story 25 Each Issue: $2 Annual: $8 The beauty of surrender 26

Vedic Activities 31 Address Website in focus 33 1239 S Boston Street, Calendar (Jan – Mar 03) 34 Denver, CO 80231. Vedics Quiz 36 Email [email protected]

About the Cover image

The cover of this issue presents the image of Sri Ramanuja at his birthplace – Sri-perum-bUdhUr – a town about an hour west of . This idol is very special to all VaishNavas. It is said that sometime before Ramanuja left this earth for SriVaikuNTam (the abode of the Supreme Lord, where all are in a state of permanent bliss serving the Lord), his devotees wanted to install an image of him at his birthplace. So, they approached Ramanuja, and sought permission. Ramanuja gave permission, and the idol was made. This idol is said to be an exact image of how Ramanuja was during his life. When the idol was shown to him, Ramanuja embraced the image. Ramanuja’s devotees believe that Sri Ramanuja in Sri Perumbudur through this process, he transferred Himself onto this idol. This idol was then installed at . Our elders teach us that, when this A VEDICS JOURNAL idol was installed at SriperumbUdUr, Ramanuja in Srirangam (just Volume 1 Issue 1: Jan - Mar 2003 before leaving for SriVaikuNTam) experienced a momentary weakness, as his life and power was transferred to this idol. This idol (vigraham) can Vedics Foundation (http://www.vedics.net) be seen today, at SriperumbUdUr.

with with utsava Ramanuja (Spiritual Mohan Sagar Sagar Mohan

(Sri Ramanuja's Ramanuja's (Sri Acharyas (one108 of Sacred Sri (The Supreme Lord), Supreme (The Sri Ramanuja, Ramanuja, the Lord Sri (Spiritual Teachers of the Desham

, a vibrant and community- vibrant , a Sampradayam Narayana Divya

of the Veda (the Eternal Wisdom (the Eternal of the Veda ive on Ramanuja Sampradayam. ive on RamanujaSampradayam.

Bhagavad ling of the profound philosophical has been shared with all of us over with all of been shared has Century scholar, theologian, and theologian, scholar, Century th poorvacharyas the inspiration behind this magazine. the inspiration behind this magazine. Sriman (Mystical Saints) and and Saints) (Mystical Century and beyond. Century EDITORIAL st Sri Ramanuja Azhvars , the magazine for and about Sri Ramanuja and His Vision. Vision. His and Sri Ramanuja for and about magazine , the (processional image) of Bhagavad Sri Ramanuja at a particular a particular at Ramanuja Sri of Bhagavad image) (processional everyone - the devout practitioners, the interested newcomers, even interested the devout practitioners, everyone - the those who are just curious to learn more about the with – the hope that Sampradayam in Ramanuja new interest a whole will spark it that 21 the into well it carry will oriented spiritual path that expresses itself both individually and and individually both itself expresses that path spiritual oriented for pure love as collectively samp small a share is to Our purpose richandwisdom tradition that form the of selfless service to His Devotees, a positive approach to life, and a helpful a helpful and life, to approach a positive to His Devotees, service selfless and compassionate attitude towardsto this the worldwhole. as a Key are principles and practical universal its that recognition the is tradition or gender. caste of race, irrespective to all, available It is this egalitarian vision that is Tradition), the religion of of religion the Tradition), vigraha Vaishnava Sri important the all listing and a calendar Divya Desham, of the Universe). This understanding understanding This Universe). of the through the centuries social reformer whose profound life and message was an expression of of expression an was message and life profound whose reformer social thorough understanding and his lucid Through the kind blessings of our kind blessings of our Through the 2 Teachers), Great Sri Vaishnava Works, a Question and Answer Section, Section, Answer and a Question Works, Vaishnava Sri Great Teachers), alike. and adults children by appreciated be can that Stories and Moral the greatness of on our cover, have a feature We will also Temples that the Sri Vaishnavas revere), stories recounting the lives and and lives the recounting stories revere), Sri Vaishnavas the Temples that contributions of the includes possible that makes this magazine volunteers The staff of to are dedicated whom all of followers, lay sincere and scholars erudite a broadproviding you with perspect Regular articles will include a featured a featured will include articles Regular Darshanam proper a gaining in is for everyone who interested This magazine . the in Truths contained of the Eternal understanding SriRamanuja wasa renowned 11 to service in and and present), past all the Devotees, of Whom He Adores, and the members and supporters of edition first this you bring to pleased are Inc. VEDICS,

1 (The Akhila Heya :). T Parthasarathy T Parthasarathy Nithyasuris “emperumAnAr “emperumAnAr in chapter 10.9 10.9 in chapter Bhaktas 3.8.6 is “ChevikaLAlAra “ChevikaLAlAra is 3.8.6 tas. (this devotee) Adiyen prays vikaLE * kAlappaN thEn kAlappaN vikaLE * aRuththAr pin”, a bhodhayantha: parasparam a bhodhayantha: parasparam umAL pErittu nAtti vaiththAr”. Sada Suryaha Pashyanti Sada Samasta Vasthu VilakShaNa VilakShaNa Vasthu Samasta nnedum chakkaraththu unnaiyE * ‘nedumARkkadimai seyvEnpOl” this quarterly journal “RAMANUJA ThiruVayMozhi (Our Lord) Sriman Narayanan is sweet. sweet. is Narayanan Sriman Lord) (Our pasuram 37-38: “pArulagilAsaiyudaiyOrkkellAm ’ (Emperuman is just opposite to all base qualities. qualities. base all to opposite just is ’ (Emperuman Emperuman ). We too should love the adiyArs dear to HIM. HIM. to dear adiyArs love the should too We ). for the also informs the reactions of of the reactions informs also (The Supreme Abode). ( Abode). Supreme (The (Sri Ramanuja) describes Emperuman as ‘ Emperuman describes Ramanuja) (Sri 36,000 () is of infinite knowledge and bliss). adiyArs

BLESSINGS FROM SCHOLARS AND ELDERS BLESSINGS FROM SCHOLARS AND ELDERS Eedu dharisanam enRE ithaRkku namper enRE ithaRkku dharisanam Preach this to all those who are desirouslearning of it. Thus, the old as “Emperumanar practice was stopped and the new system named Darsanam”. (Ramanuja) out Matham is bringing Ramanuja bhak of for the benefit DARSHANAM” Srimanto Emperuman Narayanaanda it this make venture to bless enjoy. (devotees) success. Let all the BhAgavathas ‘Mathchitthaa madhghathappraaNa (My cha’ cha ramanthi thushyanthi nityam mAm kathayanthascha of mine. and actions thoughts with occupied are always minds bhakthas’ in pleased are each other. They with their experiences They exchange me). about and about hearing telling In avan thiRaththilE paRRinAr thiruvadikaLai ‘than observes Nampillai virumbinAraiyanRO avan paNNuvAnAnAl vyAmOhaththai mikka loves very much his Emperuman paRRAvaduppathu”. namakkum devotees ( RatthinamAlai Upadesa AriyarkAL kURumenRu pEsi varamb Everything about in always him Lord) enjoy with the reside souls who eternally-free vibhuti Nithya in experience Nammazhvar’s Pratyaneeka KalyANaikAtana Svetara Pratyaneeka KalyANaikAtana GnAnataika SvarUpa His things. other all from different is He qualities. beneficial only He has svarUpam ka Kaniyennum Nin Keerthik po * puviyinmEl uRaippaththuRRu of songs the with filled are ears (My enathAviyE” Atharikkum avivinRi long will My time. the along all music sweet as sounds It fame. your discus.) your golden for with you Emperumanar of his closest of his ission to the Lord's Boundless ission to the Lord's Boundless nuja appointed 74 a peacefulrevitalization of Vedic eat souls as , , Tulsidas, souls as Ramananda, eat en and inclusionary attitude allowed allowed attitude inclusionary and en Sri ManavalaMamunigal Sri ThiruvaiymozhiPillai Sri PillaiLokacharya Sri VadakkuThiruvidhiPillai Sri Nampillai NanJeeyar Sri

• • • • • • between the Supreme Being and the individual souls is Divine Love, is Divine souls between the and the individual Supreme Being desireHis constantin to protect and by the Lord which is expressed and surrender, adoration, through devotee the by is expressed and save, to is path Vaishnava Sri in the life of human The goal service. selfless brings peace, a level that to in our hearts Love for this awaken eventually, and life, this to higher purpose and strength, a naturalthrough and heartfelt subm Creation His and to God service and of love message the Sri Vaishnava and segregation of caste and communal to break through the rigidities Such corner of . reach every India of ideals spiritual the elevate indirectly and directly would thought such gr influencing for centuries, Mahaprabhu, Das, Chaitanya Nanak, Pothana, Kamban, Gandhi. Mahatma recently, most and , , on earth, Sri During his time proper propogators of this keepers and serve as to disciples their and disciples These 74 of the Eternal Truths. understanding to come up to the present day have successors continuous lineage of is this It Teachers. of Spiritual lineage the Paramparai, form the in to link to opportunity the person is given and every each that lineage their formal initiationthe Sri Vaishnava into faith. in the is depicted which necklace, beautiful a to likened is This link the and main jewel, its as serves Ramanuja Sri 6. page on illustration gems are precious him follow and him preceded of teachers that lineage completionthatatNarayana come to the clasp,Sriman the Lord Himself. this on includes practice spiritual daily Vaishnava's A Sri lineage. Along with one's own immediateAcharyas, the meditation reverse Acharyas in lists the proceeds through the necklace, which follows: as order chronological 4 Grace. leader, religious and esteemed thinker being a prodigious to In addition race, of and magnanimity for his also revered was Sri Ramanuja irrespective all, with shared be message the that were disciples his to instructions His humanitarianism. should path Vaishnava Sri the of Such an op gender. or caste, creed 3 Mohan Sagar Sagar Mohan itual pursuits. Please share this itual pursuits. Please share d false ego. The unifying factor The unifying d false ego. nuja Darshanam an informative an informative nuja Darshanam al and devotional works validated devotional al and se, and also the Divinely Merciful and also the Divinely Merciful se, g and heartfelt devotionalism lies at at lies devotionalism heartfelt and g

Ramanuja Darshanam, Ramanuja’s Ramanuja’s Darshanam, Ramanuja Many of the subjects that will be covered will be covered that subjects the Many of . WHO IS RAMANUJA? devotee, and is the renowned 11th Century , Sri Ramanuja as figure and central leader paradigmatic as the who serves humanitarian path spiritual the to belonging and mystics scholars of lineage vast in a known be has that of India tradition religious monotheistic a Vaishnavism, of Sri to as being the alike scholars by both Eastern and Western been described come His Truths. Eternal the Vedas, the of understanding its in complete most has Vaishnavism Sri that so vast, were path spiritual this to contributions itself Vision. philosophic great nine Ramanuja’s Sri ideals philosophical and of understanding his lucid the and united Vedasofwith the twelve outpourings the devotional Azhvars, of the the Such experience. Vaishnava Sri of the basis form the that saints mystical a synthesis of scholarly understandin to be known as philosophy, which has come Ramanuja’s the center of Sri . qualified Visistadvaita, in known Being, Supreme a Personal of idea the suggests Visistadvaita once the at is Who souls), for all refuge (the Narayana Sriman as Great Lord and Master of the Univer the souls from to redeem is ever striving Protector, Who and Loving an ignorance bondage resulting from and Vedic holidays. We may even throw in some practical tips on how on how tips practical some in throw may even We holidays. Vedic and world. modern fast-paced in this way Vaishnava Sri live the to So, its readers. of involvement in the is seen a magazine of The measure into delve deeper to like would of you who all invite to like we would RamanujaSampradayam to join the Vedics chat group, [email protected] the know may all that such interactive a more detailed in be discussed will magazine in the learn to wanting for those be beneficial will certainly that environment friends, and more. and share family your Rama you will find We hope that with own spir your furthering for resource magazine us through all of to is offered that of life and quality wisdom, peace, Ramanuja Sampradayam.

THE NECKLACE OF OUR ACHAARYA LINEAGE

6 5 autiful necklace. rd's Highest Abode. It is at this this at is It Abode. Highest rd's ending of the necklace is Lord necklace the ending of depicted as a be ur Nambi, in awe of his kindness, awe of his kindness, Nambi, in ur these mantrasavailable were made e greatness of one of these of e greatness The last of these mantras, and most and these mantras, last of The n as the Moola mantram, which was was n as the Moola mantram, which would risk eternal condemnation if it meant it meant if eternal condemnation would risk nature of God, and the relationshipDivine of Sri ParasaraBhattar Sri ParasaraBhattar Embar Sri Ramanuja Sri Parankusa Sri Sri RamaMisra Sri Sri Pundarikaksha Sri Sri Sattakopaya Sri Mother) Divine the , (Maha Sri (SrimanNarayana) Sridhara

• • • • • • • • • • • • Pleasethat the beginning note and Narayana. Love that binds us to Him Eternally. Eternally. to Him us Love that binds The first of these mantras is know the Lo achieve that just one soul could The chain is garlanding the rahasyatrAyam, the three Great Secret Secret the three Great the rahasyatrAyam, is garlanding The chain understand to daily upon mediatates Vaishnava Sri every that Mantras, nature, the his/her true in his Nara- His Disciple Nara to Himself Narayana revealed by Sriman Lord which the dvayam, is the The second avathara. Narayana Sri,revealed to the Divine Mother. by the was revealed to which sloka, well-known is the charama Gita. Bhagavad in Sri as Sri avathara Lord His in through is solely it be known as "secrets", to may continue they While that Sri Ramanuja the of of his example a paradigmatic in Indeed, and everyone. to anyone th proclaimed Ramanuja Sri resolve, from the top ofafter tower immediately a temple Acharya his had else. one no to it he reveal that condition the under him to it revealed Sri act of blasphemy, was an for what by the teacher When confronted he replied that Ramanuja point that the Acharya, Thirukoshtiy is it And of Lords. Lord our EmperumAnAr, to be proclaim him would for this Kindness, this Magnanimitythe point of to self- that can remains forever Ramanuja Sri Own Love, that with God's only be on par Spiritual our among Greatest only the not as lives and hearts in our savior. our as also but Teachers, teachers our The next page shows

TA Varadhan TA Varadhan . His original name original . His ) contains practical ) contains practical them and offering it them and offering fall in the next three s lineage of Teachers. It is for this for this is It Teachers. of s lineage e books/revelations that tell us of us of tell e books/revelations that votees of the Lord”. This is a tamil votees of the Lord”. This is of Sri Rangam – Lord . Lord Ranganatha. – of Sri Rangam istently worshipped Him, and that istently worshipped Him, and that preme Being , the consort of versaries of these great souls. as the outpourings known whose d “BhaktAngrirENu” http://www.vedics.net (thirunakshattiram) , making garlands out of Vipranarayana was born near Sri Rangam, and was was and Rangam, near Sri born was Vipranarayana hvaars are mystic saints who were blessed with were blessed saints who are mystic hvaars (divine verses) are venerated as the highest source of source highest as the venerated verses) are (divine GREAT SAINTS AND TEACHERS – a group of people in ancient times who performed dances in in dances ancient times who performed in of people a group – vipra-nArAyaNa. vipra-nArAyaNa. dAsi the Sri, the refuge of all souls. Great saints and mystics have have and mystics Great saints souls. of all Sri, the refuge the Goddess Him haveworshipped on their through the ages,and passed legacy to others. Ramanuja adopted this legacy from them, and this has shared great treasure with allus through hi of ages, great people should have cons have should people great ages, should be consistent with th such a Person. Our Acharyas the Vedas, teach which us that the basisof form any such a Lord is declare that none emphatically system, Indian spiritual Su the Narayana, Sriman than other reason, that followers of Ramanuja put their complete trust in Sriman Life. Goal of and the Way as the Narayana and teachers saints great about information provide will This section whose birth anniversaries months. The vedics website ( 8 devotional/philosophical knowledge. knowledge. devotional/philosophical pronunciation): for vedics.net (see thoNdar-adi-p-podi-AzhvAr guides for commemorating the anniguides In this issue, we present information about two great saints - (i) srI (iii) and thiru-mazhisai-Azhvaar (ii) thoNdar-adi-podi-Azhvaar Kurattaazhvaan. Az an Lord, the knowledge by divine divya-prabhandham Literally of the meaning translated, this Azhvaar’sname is the Azhvaar who is “the dust of the feet de is in Sanskrit name. The equivalent His primary means of service was collecting flowers and basil leaves leaves basil and was collecting flowers service means of His primary (thiru-th-thuzhaay, thuLasi) a devout While living such life, dancer Lord everyday. for adoring the ( was brought up by his parents to be a his devotee of the Lord. After service performing and started Rangam, Sri moved to he childhood, laced with deep devotion to the Lord temples for the enjoyment of the Lord), some deceit and with 7 en if such a being were to stand stand to were being a such if en r gender r caste, race, or station in that He is the One that we are One that is the He that faith should be based on sound sound on be based faith should s of a follower of Ramanuja s of a follower Ramanuja not just dogma or blind faith, but is is but dogma or blind faith, just not dividual but all those around that that around those all but dividual a proper understanding of the a proper understanding om me-honored and proven. Over the me-honored and towards One Being, One Supreme One Being, One towards Compiled from the teachingsof DrM.S Rangachari FOLLOWERS OF RAMANUJA & LORD NARAYANA FOLLOWERS OF RAMANUJA qualitie One of the fundamental other of tolerant be completely one must although is, Sampradayam monotheistic exclusive maintains devotee the level personal a on beliefs, Refuge sole as one's Narayana, Sriman Lord, devotion to the Supreme The reason for this is and Protection. is it as spirituality of purpose the of understanding logical a of result the Acharyas. our us by to revealed is it as and Vedas in the taught a leading towards essential very is faith being, human For every life. That purposeful and productive fr derived should be and principles a such such be of past. Faith of the and teachers venerated practices or the about the past, present worrying from one frees it nature that and a productive living on instead focus to a person encouraging future, life,good such that not only the in individual benefited.are To gainan attitude such that leads to the Good, cared and guided being is he/she that knowledge in the safe be one must Divine. for by the and lucid is that a path follow must one faith, a such To have and discrepancies. free of contradictions straightforward, be such otherwise powerful all be directed Consequently, it must be would should what Being One That from us Truth. save Absolute One Good, easily can He that know we that be also and egos false our to us bind that sins accumulated of web unending an must He nature. the sameour material time, desires. that At Being should be very sinful our of spite in assured rest can be we that so us accessible, and forgiving, compassionate, Him to turn loves can we who that one be must everyone He and anyone accepts readily He that such everyone to impartial And, Him. to irrespectivewho turns to Him, of thei drawn such qualities wondrous and charming many also possess He must life. easily are we that love in our unconditional accept to and who is willing unconditionally, lives. and hearts into our accepted be easily would a being Such return. however, ev Given our human foibles, us telling moment, this at us before natureseeking, would be to our doubt Him. So, In addition to all the by been proven has supremacy He must be one whose Divine Qualities, have taught, and is ti what others

hvaar at his birth place

Image from ramanuja.org) from ramanuja.org) ( Image Idol of Thondaradippodi Az Idol of Thondaradippodi

10

pEy- 9 thiru-ch- vaNNam vaNNam

thiru-vehaa .

sonna is said to have have to said is devotion). This devotion). This thiru-k-kudandhai or thiru-mAlai and Araavamudhan (the of yathOkthakAri to worship Him. To this day, we we day, this To Him. worship to e holy place where he lived – it is – he lived holy place where e e of serving the Lord. He came back came He Lord. the of serving e e Lord who blessed him with grace of Sri Rangam, and contains many many and contains Rangam, Sri of them, and was fortunately, through through fortunately, and was them, blessed him with diving knowledge; diving knowledge; blessed him with the earliest Azhvaars known as Azhvaars the earliest gave us a composition called is the name of a form of Tamil poetry; poetry; Tamil of form a of name the is -sAra translates into “divine garland”. It is an It garland”. “divine into translates thiru-p-paLLi-ezhuchchi eryday in most temples when the early morning the early morning in most temples when eryday , and is currently a suburb of the city of Chennai in in of Chennai city of the a suburb currently is , and found the truth in Vaishnavism, and became a great a great and became in Vaishnavism, truth the found chanda-viruttam (the Lord who did as instructed!) is said to have adhered adhered have to said is instructed!) as who did Lord (the ( Thiru-mAlai Bhakti-sAra . thiru-mazhisai is added as itadded is holy poetry). This as Azhvaar’s is anniversaryfalls on emotional outpouring on the Lord emotional outpouring on considerable effort, attracted him and made him fall in love with her. in love with him and made fall attracted effort, considerable Sri near a village moved to she her, love with in fell Vipranarayana After all forgot state, demented and illusion his in Vipranarayana, Rangam. let him in, and he She refused to about the Lord, and went to her house. stayedandday night outside the house praying her to let for him in. They to change him. decided and Lakshmi state, the Lord his Seeing wandering his realized and Vipranarayana incidents, few a enacted andfromaway his true stat the truth to srIrangam, and to atone for all his sins, he took the name of thoNdar- irrespective devotees, to ALL service and started performing adi-p-podi, The Lord of where they came from. – works two us he gave up of the waking “the to translates literally Thiru-p-paLLi-ezhuchchi ev is sung diving”. It start. verses where the Azhvaar thanks th falls saint great this of The anniversary many shortcomings. of his inspite on 01/01/2003. for pronunciation): vedics.net (see thiru-mazhisai-AzhvAr: This AzhvAr’s name is derived from th This AzhvAr’s called India. His originalwas name (a place in current day ), day kanchipuram), in current (a place AzhvAr and concern for the affection His Narayana. devotee of Lord Sriman Lord of The Him is legendary. with relationship his Lord, and ,(present day in Tamilnadu), listened to the Azhvaar’s pleas to stop getting up to welcome his came there who devotee, the Azhvaar can see the Lord there in a posture that is between completely lying down, and sitting. This AzhvAr AzhvAr practiced many different inquest his for the truth. He with every one of got disillusioned the divine will, taught by one of seydha perumAL seydha to this Azhvaar’s commandsleft have and the town for a day,on the and of the Lord Similarly, back. come commands, Azhvaar’s chanda-viruttam thiru 01/21/2003

gOpurAs , the son of , the ). This This deity ). Napinnai NC NC Napinnai periya perumAL periya (the foremost foremost (the bujanga sayanam (the handsome IshvAku vimAnam vimAnam manu manu AdisEsha AdisEsha {the most prominent one, {the most ri Lanka is directly south of is directly south ri Lanka the form of a serpent, coiled up coiled a serpent, the form of the presiding deity’s sanctum): sanctum): deity’s the presiding g the face), facing south. The The south. facing face), the g Lord rAmA, who presented it to who presented Lord rAmA, ed vibheeshaNa that He will grace grace He will that vibheeshaNa ed praNAvAkruti praNAvAkruti ect) himself. There are seven ect) himself. There Azhagiya maNavALan Azhagiya (one of the four ages per Vedic tradition), tradition), per Vedic ages four of the (one (Our Lord). Lord). (Our in the exact same form as He is present in is present as He same form in the exact (The consort of srI ranganAtha) srI ranganAtha) consort of (The (The queen/goddess of srIrangam), also known as as also known srIrangam), of queen/goddess (The trEtha yuga trEtha namPerumAL (The Lord of Srirangam), also known as as known also Srirangam), of Lord (The DIVINE PLACES – SRIRANGAM – SRIRANGAM DIVINE PLACES Lord RanganAtha ( RanganAtha Lord (name of the holy tank whose water is used for various for various is used water whose holy tank of the (name today), was worshipped by in a place known as as known a place in Brahma by worshipped was today), (the name of the tower above the tower (the name of (one of the seven worlds according to Vedic literature). During During literature). Vedic to according worlds seven the of (one (the author of a code conduct known as (the (reclining with the hand supportin (reclining deity is called procession srI ranga nAyaki thAyAr thAyAr nAyaki srI ranga Divine Consort: nAchchiyAr srI ranga Temple Legend: Eons ago, srIrangam satyalOka a period, known as known as also srI ranga vimAnam, serving as a bed to the Lord) in a posture known as known Lord) in a posture the to bed as a serving Deity: Presiding Sri Ranganatha on reclining Lord) – foremost (the present in of the Lord, devotee/servant or bridegroom), vibheeshaNa, the king of Lankaafter the rAmAyaNawaywar. to On the wanted and srIrangam by attracted Lord was the , from Lanka He promis to rest there permanently. (S facing South Lanka by him and srIrangam). Salient Aspectstemple: of the vimAnam Theertham purposes in the temple): present} currently be designed by to is believed It arrangement. has a unique This temple varma (the divine archit 12 passed on through the generations to earth by a king known as worshipped on He was Manu 11

e third thousand4000) of the first thousand of the 4000)

on these AzvArs’ appearance days: days: appearance AzvArs’ on these

:

Image from ramanuja.org) from ramanuja.org) ( Image Idol of Thirumazhisai Azhvaar at his birth place thiru-p-paLLi-ezhuchchi (in the first thousand4000) of the thirumAlai(in the first thousand 4000) of the thiru-ch-chanda-viruttam (in the (in th nAnmugan thiruvandhAdhi

• • • • (1/21/03) AzhvAr: thirumazhisai Suggested prabhandhamsto recite AzhvAr thoNdar-adi-p-podi

, was established araiyar sEvai

established the temple procedures, is about 300 kilometers from Chennai. Chennai. from kilometers 300 is about family enact verses from the divine outpourings verses from the divine outpourings family enact araiyar maNavALa mAmuni re and made , the rAmAnuja rejuvenated again. learning of seat the Srirangam the conceptsA method of propagating of SriVaishNavism song and dance, called using of the AzhvArs. by srIman nAthmuni. Following in that tradition, there are are there tradition, in that Following by srIman nAthmuni. to belonging scholars learned when a year occasions several the

(ii) PROCESSION DEITY OF LORD RANGANATHA 14 How to get there: 10 about – (Thiru-chi-ra-palli) Trichy near located is Srirangam most and Srirangam, at station a railway There is there. from kilometers stop there. It of the express trains Chennai. from road by 6 hours about takes It 13 (1000 verses on the Lord’s the on (1000 verses by great teacherslike srI Sri dEsika composed a Sri r great teachers and saints of the verses) on the Lord, the key among key the Lord, on the verses) srI sahasram srI holy place that has been sung by 11 AzhvArs with with AzhvArs 11 by sung been has that place holy srI rangarAja sthavam. srI rangarAja only srI vEdAnta dEsika srI vEdAnta mAmunigaL srI maNavALa learning of seat the as Srirangam established Ramanuja srIman and footsteps of yAmunAchArya the (following nAthamuni), established all the templeand procedures services render specific to families established and services to the Lord. He was followed piLLai srI and nampiLLai srI bhattar, parAsara lOkAchAriAr, piLLAi srI of life the During lOkAchAriar. and the the North Indian rulers, by invaded was srIrangam later, svAmi lost. Two generations temple procedures were srI parAsar bhattar bhattar srI parAsar srI nampiLLai srI piLLai lOkAchAriAr lOkAchAriAr srI piLLai srI rAmAnuja srI rAmAnuja srI kUrattAzhvAn All the AzhvArs (12) All the AzhvArs srIman nAthamuni (ALavandAr) srI yAmunAchArya (passages around the temple). There are several sanctums for the temple). There are several around (passages

(i) (x) (vii) (viii) (ix) (v) (vi) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) important Other facts: magnificent called called stOtra magnificent holy feet) here. holy feet) here. Saints: and Teachers Great Given religion. VaishNava Sri the of seat the is and been, has Srirangam have and in Srirangam, lived have and saints teachers great the all that, list of a partial is following from there. The the religion propagated important sanctums present – in each of seven seven worlds, present (towers), named after the prAkArAs seven prAkArAs. in these of Lord VishNu incarnations/forms various fo sanctums also numerous There are prAkArAs. in these religion Lord: the on Diving Outpourings the is Srirangam a totalof247 them, srI thoNdar-adi-p-podi of verses. One AzhvAr sung exclusivelyabout Lord ranganAthA.srI parAsara bhattar composed (praise Sanskrit magnificent as which is known d their teachings fixes of Ramanuja, they represent represent they Ramanuja, fixes of of what it means to be a Spiritual Spiritual a be to means it of what like” a clean pipe”, with all the the all with pipe”, a clean like” (Nammazhwar) the first Acharya Acharya first the (Nammazhwar) e knowledge as it is, without any any is, without as it knowledge e ledge, the water coming at the end the water ledge, ter him, have ha ter him, have Acharyas. This knowledge is thus is thus knowledge This Acharyas. and compassion, Sri Ramanuja is is Sri Ramanuja compassion, and r clean pipes connecting through a through r clean pipes connecting n by Lord Narayana to MahaLakshmi. they are. are. they Satagopan as

connection to Sri Ramanuja. Ramanuja. connection to Sri Caste. He is the most important acharya who who acharya important most the is He Caste. th Swami based on birth. We have Acharyas from all walks walks all from Acharyas have We birth. on based not , the foremost and most magnanimous of all of the Spiritual Spiritual the of all of magnanimous and most foremost , the brought the teachings to all the Sri Vaishnavas. There is a lot of another in that discuss let us System, Caste regarding misconceptions session. as was same is today we get knowledge Spiritual 4: Is the Question by given LORD? down handed is being knowledge this Sampradaya, In Sri Vaishnavite from Teacher to Student (who then takes over the role of teacher for the next generation) to be can be regarded a lineage Such Acharyas being regarded as smalle as being regarded Acharyas Ramanuja. Sri Bhagavad box”, “junction main are clean and and all the pipes coming in is pure, Since the water false know false ego or untainted by Naryana). (Sriman source its was at at as it same the is exactly pipe of the Acharya, us by our to given is Lord, by the revealed Knowledge Spiritual as taught through the Lineage of Knowledge. spiritual true and flawless Ramanuja Teachers1017 on Earth:1137 (Time AD). to wisdom Due to his unparalleled example be the foremost to regarded af teachers other all Teacher. Thus 16 validated because of their after Acharyas of lineage this in following Acharyas All Consequently, his time are named suffixes/pre with in Earth was born 4 Ramanuja and his teachings his teachings and Ramanuja down th passed Acharyas All these adulteration the originalasgive to approach Acharyaslineage.anyYou may in this of the any there Are on Birth. based Lineage Acharya 3: Is this Question lineage? this in be can who on restrictions caste is lineage No this ofall life castes. and ", Sri . He 15 Acharya , the Divine , the Divine Mukundan Pattangi Pattangi Mukundan ), who in turn taught it to Maha Lakshmi Maha " ( Sri piritual Knowledge).This spiritual spiritual Knowledge).This piritual re questions come, am I more than Vaikhunta s to findlife, out the purpose of "? (Spiritual "? (Spiritual Being) who am I and what is my purpose is my what and I am who (spiritual teacher)? (With so many many so (With teacher)? (spiritual vealed to knowledge the true jeevatma Acharya (a.k.a, Vishnu, Sri ) is the first first is the Sri Hari) Vishnu, (a.k.a, (mercy), reveals the true knowledge to us, viaathe true knowledge(mercy),reveals to (lineage of Spiritual Teachers). Teachers). Spiritual of (lineage (Nammazhwar). (Commander in Chief in in Chief (Commander who has this type of knowledge, and is willing to share it share to is willing and of knowledge, type who has this Sriman Narayana Sriman Acharya Q & A: NEED FOR SPIRITUALITY AND ACHARYAS Q & A: NEED FOR SPIRITUALITY AND available) available) society seek civilized Any developed, questions these this universe, I, Who created am Who Why am I here, Truth. out the seek to us lead will reproducing. and sleeping eating, than purpose greater be a There has to and further think to us This leads " I am blood, and flesh this 2000 Summer – Chicago at Illinois Of University at students Q&A with for need it? the and is what Knowledge, 1: is What Spiritual Question Who is a bonafide of " important question The very makes us seek "True Knowledge" (S "True Knowledge" makes us seek science. of spiritual study the through gained is knowledge This deals with Knowledge has :- (Soul) Jivathmas - 1. Chit 2.-Achit Matter Time, etc. Narayana Sriman God, :- soul) (Supreme Paramathma - 3. Ishwara seek to need we world, the to benefit of as it that knowledge such of this understanding gain a proper well In order to as benefit, our to be can an re Mother Divine Mother). The Vishvaksena Muni Satakopa Nathamuni, on through continued of teachers The lineage to Purna, Goshti Yamunucharya, Ramamisra, Pundarikaksha, readily with those who sincerely desire to learn it. to learn desire sincerely who with those readily How do we find is true? Acharya know the 2: How do we Question THE Acharya? his God out of Acharya parampara Acharya Lord, revealed true knowledge to: " this

lock his Grace with our false ego. lock his Grace (main deity), The three great teachers teachers great three (main deity), The you are seeking, if you are seeking are seeking if you you are seeking,

– NammAzhvAr, Ramanuja and MaNavALa mAmuni MaNavALa and Ramanuja – NammAzhvAr, at Srirangam. Lord Ranganatha Ranganatha Lord Srirangam. at Gopuram

true spiritual knowledge, GOD will allow you to come under the the under come to you allow will GOD knowledge, spiritual true guidancean Acharya of Started of the LineageLORD by HIM, with the as the First Acharya. with love in fall to us, of all for pray us let upon you; always is HIS grace to resist/b and not more and HIM more Ramanuja Bhagavad representing an Acharya that assured can be You a is and LORD by revealed as message the on passing is message his and to GOD. us delivering of capable Acharya, True Bonafide on what it depends In some sense 18 ? 17 the True Acharya Acharya the True , some call them as as them call some ,

te a grain of rice without the help unate to be accepted by a qualified qualified a by accepted be to unate n createanything, only GOD can. s based on our individual capacity. capacity. individual on our s based RamanujaAcharyas (The Creator of this universe). Nobody is greater than than greater is Nobody universe). this of Creator (The ) as they are all representing Acharya Ramanuja (and will (and Ramanuja Acharya all representing as they are ) , Acharya is Described as Equivalent to GOD, If needed we can can we needed If GOD, to Equivalent as Described is Acharya , Sastras NEVER says "I am God" never behaves with EGO or Anger, or with EGO behaves never "I am God" says NEVER barriers. or language any caste, community, regional Never entertains Fake ? from Acharyas True the How to know 8: Question that and Acharya the Perfect to be claiming many others so There are the are if they ask them such people go If you see GOD. they are an to GOD SUPREME life bring or GOD. SUPREME or equal to the create can anyone if Ask Narayana. even crea if they can such people Ask Sriman Lord, of No-one ca object. life-less otherwise etc. to be GOD ones claiming fake find we Still am God" "I says Acharya NEVER True True devotees treat their Acharyaas GOD himself, But explain reasons later. explain reasons all So the true devotees treat their Acharyaas GOD himself. needed this Is Ego? some stroking not that is GOD, Like 7: Question Sadacharyas 5: How Acharya? to approach Question we get accepted and benevolence grace SrimanNarayana's Due to, Lord One way). other the is never (it us accepts Acharya the our Acharya, by and fort should grateful be extremely this lineage. of RamanujaAcharya 6: What by need to get accepted do we an such Question Acharya? Genuinedevotee a Interest is all that you need to have. true you are If it follow and understand to are willing and Truth the seeking down. you turn will never Ramanujacharyas respectfully, impart the True and accept us Acharyas fortune that It is our great dose appropriate us in to knowledge In pass the message AS IS to their devotees) AS IS to their pass the message an will approach the True knowledge interested in learning So any one ( lineage this of Acharya

th , or the 6000 , or the Sumithra Varadarajan Varadarajan Sumithra prabhAvam

will be published in the next poor one, of this work - as long poor one, of this work - as long e of , which for the rest of e of Gurus, ill be referred to throughout the ill be referred hers of Ramanuja Sampradayam. Sampradayam. Ramanuja of hers Pinpazhigiya PerumalJeeyar. The ja and other yahoo e-groups. I seek I seek e-groups. and other yahoo ja ite three small articles, one on each articles, one on ite three small

l those who seek salvationtry to to paramparA r, HH Srir, VanamAmalai but mine, and I request to to bhAgavatas I request and mine, but vyakhyanamMumukshuppadi. for Deepikai. The translations are being posted posted are being The translations Deepikai. (Spiritual Teachers) have composed doctrines on doctrines on composed have (Spiritual Teachers) Acharyas LIFE HISTORY OF OUR TEACHERS the history of our revered lineage of teachers, the GPP is regarded to be to be regarded is teachers, the GPP of lineage the history of our revered the most completeaccurate. and The question ofHH Sri why and how Pinpazhigiya Perumal Jeeyar (who w this series will be referred to as GPP. GPP. as to be referred will this series While many Verses on the Greatness of the Lineag Verses on the Greatness century by the noted Teacher, HH Sri noted Teacher, century by the guru Arayirapadi work is called al for very important It is therefore compassion to us, decided to make these meanings understandable even even understandable these meanings to make us, decided compassion to an extensive and wrote to us the learning by these three mantras of understanding a greater gain the vyakhyanam, Mamunigal's gaining after Even Mumukshuppadi. is It grasp. to hard are work of this hidden meanings and explicit from work this learn and acharyas learned seek to essential therefore some gather to acceptable is it I believe however, preliminary, a As them. even a a synopsis, by reading knowledge said. have acharyas and elders our what following written is it as Therefore, adiyEn will attempt to wr These of Mumukshuppadi. prakaraNam Darshanam. Ramanuja Journal, Vedics the of issues three translating at attempt small on adiyEn's based be will The synopses Swami's Annagaracharya P.B. on Sri based Mumukshuppadi Sarartha Mumukshuppadi Ramanu few months on since the last and beg everyone's this endeavor in elders Vaishnava of Sri the blessings into creep any errors task. If this herculean on for taking forgiveness the fault is no one's these articles, and the Narayana, Lord Sriman Supreme Grace of the By the Divine teache our revered blessings of of articles of series this begin to we are blessed Swami, Jeeyar Ramanuja of Teac the Greatness of Lineage 20 errors. correct such These articles arelargelywork thatbased was on a written the 13 in

. To , has , has . The 19 (suffering (suffering TCA Venkatesan TCA Venkatesan karmic Rahasyatraya Carama shloka - those who wish - those who , etc., which are of of are which etc., , and which are together which together are Vadakku Thiruveethi Pillai Thiruveethi Vadakku Mumukshus samasaric mantra and (both were forms of the Lord). ) the sweet and immeasurable and immeasurable sweet the ) m, He stands as the first amongst r than Sriman Narayana Himself. Himself. Narayana Sriman than r eryone. Sri then then Pillai Lokacharya Sri eryone. the five great meanings known as as known meanings great the five . These contain such phenomenal such phenomenal contain . These i Ramanuja, these rahasyas and their and these rahasyas i Ramanuja, Dwaya , rahasya granthas rahasya An Introduction An Introduction prakaraNams Sri Azhagiya Manavala Perumal Nayanar Perumal Manavala Azhagiya Sri MUMUKSHUPPADI Thirumantra , who is the son of Sri of Sri son the is who , (liberation), the lotus feet of Lord Sriman Narayana. It It Narayana. Sriman of Lord feet lotus the (liberation), . These five meanings are: 1. Knowledge of the Supreme, 1. Knowledge are: meanings five . These Ashtadasa Rahasyas Ashtadasa Mumukshuppadi, Srivacana Bhushanam Srivacana Mumukshuppadi, Pillai Lokacharya and the elder brother of brother elder and the important eighteen written known as the works as great to Sri importance Vaishnavas. work to important is an Mumukshuppadi Sri to attain explains in three parts ( meanings of the three mantrasmeanings of together known as the Rahasyatraya are the are the Rahasyatraya from this every soul that seeks liberation of understanding existence, the complex effects of ) due to ego and is essential. these three mantras The three mantras contain in them Arthapanchakam of 4. Knowledge of the means, 3. Knowledge , of the 2. Knowledge great three All goal. that to obstacles of the 5. Knowledge and goal, the none othe mantras were revealed by Badri in revealed was Rajam, Mantra as known which is Thirumantra by Narayana to Nara and was advised Sri to revealed was Ratnam, Mantra as known is which Dwayam Kurukshetra. of battlefield was shloka Carama Loka. Vishnu the Sri in Lord by the Mahalakshmi in Krishna Sri Lord by Arjuna to revealed given by Hi mantras were As all three acharyas. It is therefore thatKuratthazhvan Sri started his guru Narayana. Sriman - "Lakshminatha" with thaniyan parampara these of in the great and deep meanings have delighted Our acharyas to Sr for a long time. Prior mantras foreseen As acharyas. by our few selective a to only told were meanings break such world to born in this was Ramanuja Sri by Sri Nathamuni, Ramanuja so, Sri to everyone. And the path of salvation show and rules available to ev made these rahasyas to us in writtenwork brought these meanings form through the Mumukshuppadi. Swami ManavalaMamunigal, out of his great (the twin-fold mantram) mantram) twin-fold (the dvayam ment of the Lord's Compassion, he ment , called AzhvArs, were the most the were AzhvArs, , called

s Compassionate Desire to redeem us, Desire to redeem s Compassionate great AchAryas, the Spiritualgreat Teachers, SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT SOMETHING TO THINK Him through this poetry, they failed to share the message with the masses. expression of Hi So, as the ultimate the Lord gifted allus with the of of the philosophy wisdom of the Vedas, the ancient share who could AzhvAr's hymns, and the Greatness of the Lord Himself with anyone selfless Through their learn. to inclination the who had and everyone was long so for ignoring been had we that Happiness to Way dedication, to everyone. now available is the very embodi Since the AchArya of Teachers). lineage the of Names Sacred (the paramparai guru and followers by the in such esteem is held GPP the reason that is for this It of Ramanuja Sampradayam. is the individual between the Lord and The personal relationship forsame everyone, but how much one understands this varies from The great saintsperson to person. the Lord every moment. One of them Sri people as the felt blessed periyAzhvAr goes to the extent of treatingand Lord Krishnaas a child, singingabout the everydayactivities for the child – bathing,getting etc. One other with children playing flowers, adorning up, dressed AzhvAr, thirumangai AzhvAr goes to the extent of fighting with the these are to the AzhvAr. Where Lord when He hesitates to show Himself Think did? way they the same don’t we feel we? Why are saints? Where issue. next the in on this more information provide will We it. about 22 a like is He AchArya. an is regarded to be regarded by his student to be equal to, if not greater, with Indeed, the only way to cross vast ocean of than the Lord Himself. association the through the Lord Happiness, True knowing prevents us from that suffering only is Himself, the between mediator the He is choppy seas. in ship a lost to lighthouse of lineage in chain (the link a one like Lord, acting and the souls Teachers) to the Lord's Lotus Feet. back the firstConsequently, foremost and thing that Srivaishnava any should meditate know and on is the purvAcharya lineage,lineage the of with and ends begins that chain a gem-studed is like it since teachers, qualities being the wonderful each gem With Himself. Narayana Sriman Sri a that say Our AchAryas lineage. the in AchArya each of the the all times at recite should Vaishnava 21 lt of our false egos. Life then is a Life then is of our false egos. lt created this entire universeentirecreated for the this e the AzhvArs were so much lost in much so were AzhvArs e the few could really understand the deep deep understand the could really few eek out ways to benefiteek the world, but r own lessons. Rather, He has been r own INTRODUCTION rest of this series as PPJ) came to write the work is also covered in the the in covered also is work the write to came PPJ) as series this of rest series. part of this next in the addressed be and will work Please note that this article is really only a brief synopsis of the detailed information that is covered in the GPP, and is not an attempt to replace the knowledge thatbe gained can through proper study under an of those encourage will this series our hope that it is However, AchArya. Teacher a qualified approach to more in learning interested you who are and profound inspiring of the understanding gain a more thorough to theteachingsbrought to this souls have world over that these great centuries. appreciatingThe firsttowards the GPP is step to understand the role that in the plays the Ramanuja Sampradayam. Acharya the Vedas, to According the Lord has cycle in the suffering are continuously who souls the of us, all of benefit that is the direct resu of reincarnation learning follow to seek out and an experience, opportunity the right path that wills not only encourage us to will also eventuallylead to our emancipation such that we can with be Lord Eternally. the Supreme one and Compassion, is not Love The Lord, being one of Unconditional learnou leave us here to to just constantly trying from time immemorial to show us this way that will lead us to True Happiness. sAstras, or Vedas, the revealed He when creation of time the at began He all but a But, scriptures. the sacred ignored. virtually remained for they so them, within meanings mystical (incarnations), The Lord then decided to descend earth as AvatArAs direclty we could that such forms, of other a host and Krishna, Rama, as and example by both us, of all to reveal and devotees His with interact were limited to since the AvatAras But, Happiness. teaching,way to the time that at Him near lived who only those and place, time a specific the of Descent. His from benefited hymns poetic the of form the in us to wisdom All the more anxious to get us back to Himself, the Lord revealed mystical profound AzhvArs, the TamilSaints. But, sinc , the key key , the Vikasatarangini disaster (like cyclones, (like cyclones, disaster nct branch of the Yajur Veda is movement organize mass rs, and sponsors students to students sponsors and rs, VEDICSalso invites you to attend . traditional manner. manner. traditional The schedule can be seen on the of this back cover Vedic/Religious schools: JET runs several schools for for several schools JET runs schools: Vedic/Religious a and propagate lead to them prepare to youth and children aspects different the in experts Without life. Vedic/Religious has JET itself. religion the loses society the of religion, and of religion, fields important several chosen carefully schools in a runs Youth Movement: Also known as hasavailablefor future been published so that it can be generations. goal of this movement is to serve fellow human beings. beings. human fellow serve to is movement this of goal During periods of natural of th earthquakes), volunteers to those in need. provide food/clothing/shelter relief and On anthey conduct health ongoing basis, camps in as a serve They also India. rural in villages of hundreds and kindness of message universal the for spreading conduit KrishNam (like the mass worship organizing by spirituality project). vandE Jagadgurum of his Trust, a wing Educational The Jeeyar Serve the needy: runs schools organization, for people the and for blind, tribal of of some training is the aspect An interesting India. in rural own community teachers in their to serve as these students a permanent nurtures when they become qualified. This development and for education areas these in solution of branches Several texts: religious ancient Save/Propagate handful of experts currently. JET a only the Vedas have schola actively those supports students, then teach the Vedas to learn those branches. These for honorarium fixed and stipend a and receive classes, other exti almost One their livelihood. www.chinnajeeyar.org

(i) (iv) (ii) (iii) on found can be Swami Jeeyar Sri Chinna about information Additional the web at Some of His activities: over the years many programs established has swami Jeeyar Sri Chinna to serve humanity. Some of the key programs are the following 24 every Gita, conducted Bhagavad Srimad on lectures his wonderful Wednesday. magazine 23 ) have ) have TA Varadhan TA Varadhan sannyasis is issue, this article is about His is about article this is issue, Ramanuja Chinna Jeeyar Swami, Swami, Jeeyar Chinna Ramanuja will not be an exaggeration to say r daily life. His commentary on Sri ourses to understand the concern he the concern to understand ourses ). Over the years, many a learned person, person, a learned many years, the Over ). IN FOCUS contemporary about provides information This section th interest. In of events/people/leaders Srimannarayana Tridandi Sri. Holiness Ramanuja. day as the present revere who many Background: In the Ramanuja Sampradaya, ascetics (monks/ and so were many of his successors. Ramanuja, in fact established established fact in Ramanuja, successors. his of many were one, was Ramanuja ages. the over roles leadership played traditionally so and several ascetic orders ( have devotees, His and Lord the to service of life a lead to aspiring all Of sannyasis. become have and life a married over ascetism chosen taught as religion practicing and teaching day, current the of ascetics the the and lives perhaps embodies Jeeyar Swami Sri by Chinna Ramanuja, times. in his led probably Ramanuja what of life Swami: Sri Jeeyar 1979. year in the 23, of age the at order ascetic the took Swami Jeeyar Sri He has been the torchbearer of Ramanuja For the past 23 years, it to access have did not people that to it bringing Sampradaya, He has fold. the of people into in masses and bringing traditionally, to to God, service devotion love, message of universal preached the a great beings as a service to God, consistently, and with fellow human to the society. It usefulness measure of who years hundred in the past the leader perhaps been that He has *whoever it to strives to bring and Ramanuja of teachings the exemplifies to learn. has a desire* of the outpourings diving the , Vedas, the in scholar a He is an accomplished Though Gita. Bhagavad Srimad and saints Azhvar his disc listen to has to scholar, one the concepts explains He to everyone. the knowledge spreading has for in a simple,easy to understand manner, without compromising on the even adepth ofand lay thought, such that understand see the person can to his/he the message of relevance the message to is a prime example of bringing Upanishad Isavasya everyone. ) sloka of the sloka th Anjali Vaibhavam Anjali ( Sri P B Rajahamsam Svami Sri P B Rajahamsam periority. At this time, young young time, this At periority. ami Alavandar. Before moving moving Before Alavandar. ami e Gurukulam (The since School), his

e words of praise and they always e words of praise and they always

refers to The Supreme Lord, Sriman Narayana. Jalayathi means to means Jalayathi Narayana. The Supreme Lord, Sriman to refers THE BEAUTY OF SURRENDER - THE BEAUTY OF SURRENDER or Koyil, is Kattumannar place birth Alavandar‘s Swami Arcot District- (South as it is known Sanskrit. in Veeranarayanapuram, is the he and Yamunacharyar, is name original His Tamilnadu), Nathamunigal. Sriman Acaryar foremost our of grandson at days spending his childhood was Yamunacharyar in pundit was a egoistic there period that During Veeranarayanapuram. of patronage royal under the who Kolahalan, called Chola kingdom the an as in realm Scholars other all from taxes collected king, Chola su of his own scholarly acknowledgement teacher was awayattending to some pressing matters. One of the Yamanucharya was taking care of th Anjalihi ithi Jalayathi Aam Aam the depicts Vaibhavam hands; of folding means Anjali melt. to liquify, that The Anjali Lord. feet of Lotus towards of hands folding greatness of Lord) melts him and thus for (our we perform towards Emperuman on us. Grace Full his showers He Anjali, a such the 28 of is a detailed exposition ANJALI VAIBAVAM Stotraratnam, The Hymn Jewel, of Sw Jewel, of The Hymn Stotraratnam, on to the topic, letgreat me brief about Acaryan the Sri Alavandar. Alavandar Swami on note A Brief or yell at someone. Because physically matter whether you hit someone heal. really never can wound that a leaves anger or verbally, jewels. of God, are very rare fellow devotees people, especially All good in your to succeed you encourage smile and you make genuine, They are lend an ear, they shar goals. They you. theirwant hearts to open to The next time that you meet with one, let he/she know that glad you are to be their bandhu (godbrother or godsister). And share this story with driven have may "nails that you any for forgiveness their them, and seek fence".into their 26 25 Mukundan Pattangi Mukundan

to drive any nails at all, because because all, at any nails drive to s, he told his father that he would your job isn't over, yet. You are over, yet. You are your job isn't e fence. Soon, he raced back to his back raced he e fence. Soon, and led him to the fence. He said, He said, the fence. to and led him to him, his teachers sent him hometo him, his teachers m to do this, but remembering how is is what happened every time you you time every happened what is is him out to the backyard gave and

second. Soon, the number of nails nails Soon, the number of second. Nails in the Fence Nails in MORAL STORY

boy who had a terrible temper. Even the little Once, there lived a slightest event that did not go his way made him throw a Soon, tantrum. school stopped talking at his friends withevery night notes about his bad attitude; his sisters Even and to him. brothers refused to speak One day, the little boy's father took nailshimtoldand a box of He the little a hammer.boy that rather than nail for a should come home and drive day he every throwing a tantrum, each time that that he got angry day. The little quite boy did not why his father wanted hi understand and nail fun it is to play with hammers it a try. give The first day, the little37and boy came nails drove home into the fence. It took himit lot longerand would than he thought made feel him very tired. of nailsThe next day the number were slightly fewerfirst; than the the thirddrove less he nailsthan the was a lot it that realized boy little the because all, any at hardly became easierthose allthan to just not be angryto come home drive to have nails into the fence. One day, he found that didn't need to his father the little boy raced Overjoyed, day. all angry he hadn't been to tell him the good news. Son," his father said, "But "That's fine, nailspullinghavenow going those to start to out of the fence. your Take really was Since he are done." when you know let me and time, though, hoping that his fatherof would him, be proud the little boy took only a few days to remove the nailsfrom th father,thatdone. the job wasand again, told him the hand The father took his son by fence. holes in the those all look at just but Son, well, My "You have done Th The fence will never be the same. doesn't It fence. in this holes the like scar just a scar a left It angry. got sloka into ten phrases and hasinto ten phrases sloka tah shubaani pushnaathi na na pushnaathi shubaani tah th as Anjali can alone help us in alone help can Anjali as m (self-realization) and even and m (self-realization) of his explanation /interpretation. his explanation of eys the greatness of Anjali. of Anjali. greatness the eys m krutumithyathaamba krutumithyathaamba m Slokam) Slokam) th sloka of Stotraratnam conv sloka of th Sloka of Stotraratnam-Anjali Vaibavam. Vaibavam. Stotraratnam-Anjali of Sloka th quoted Sanskrit verses in authority authority in verses Sanskrit quoted on the commentary his of about the essence briefly bring like to I would 28 yonjalivaibavam vyaktham Sarvajagatham Hitaya vedantha yugadeshikam. tam vandeham Prachikashat clearly everyone has the good of for who I bow to the Desikar, Vedantha of Anjali. greatness the explained manner in concrete and to Prapathi.Anjali the symbolis it is the firstand of Prapathi step The 28 It is worth here to quote the verses from Sri Guna Ratna Kosam of Sri Ratna Sri Guna the verses from It is worth here to quote Anjali. of the greatness sung also has in he where Battar, Parasara (58 The sloka reads: 28 Aishwaryam Aksharagathim Paramam Padam Va Padam Paramam Aksharagathim Aishwaryam Kasmai chidanjali baram vahathe vitheerya Asmai na kinchiduchita Tvam Lajjase kathay koyamudar bavaha bavaha kathay koyamudar Tvam Lajjase In this sloka Battar that ThAyar, the Divine conveys Mother, feels so Her, towards is offered hands of folding single even a touched with much so that whatever she has to offer return in terms of us in (Wealth), Aishwaryam commensurate as not are all these - Abode) (the Highest Paramapadam devotees. from her hands of folding burden of the befitting Thus, the Compassionand of His the Lord Consort is clear and as expressed (Surrender) Prapaththi grace. his seeking Sri Vedanthacharyar has divided the 28 The sloka reads: sakruth vaapi tathaa yataa kenachit kadaapi uddishya Tvadangrim krithonjalihi asesha ashubaani mushnaathi Tadaiva jaathu hIyathE. 27 sloka of th ol of Prapathi. hartha Sangraha hartha Sangraha Sastric disputation. Sastric disputation. Sloka of Stotraratnam, Stotraratnam, of Sloka th arya to givearya to his to teacher. in praise of Piratti, Sri, known as Alavandar as the base for their their for base the as Alavandar ess of Anjali- Symb ess of Anjali- e Siddhitraya, Geet Siddhitraya, e of Emperuman, which is popularly which is Emperuman, popularly of and had him brought to the Chola e, Yamunacharya toproved his words at the egoistic Scholar in at the egoistic Scholar messengers of the Egoistic Pandit “Kolahalan” came to the school and and to the school “Kolahalan” came Pandit the Egoistic of messengers delivereda tax notice to Yamunach a mere he himself, that declared and pieces into it tore Yamunacharya defe easily student, could was far from ready to do so, knew that Although he Yamunacharya the challenge accepted Kolahalan was he With the Lord's Gracking's court. and name, his queen The debate. scholarly in a difficult Kolahalan by defeating be true became title this of the young by the arguments of the Chola Kingdom was so pleased on, Then one the which in Tamil means – as Alavandaro dubbed him she prodigy conquer. to came who as Alavandar. by everyone recognized in works several wrote Alavandar Swami Alavandar: Swami Works of includ works his of Some Sanskrit. Agama Pramanya, Mahapurusha Nirnayam. Sriman Alavandar has also has also Alavandar Sriman Nirnayam. Mahapurusha Pramanya, Agama Sanskrit –one in hymns composed two in praise other and the Chathusloki, known as Sthothraratnam, the Hymn-Jewel. works of took the The later Acharyas literarySri works on Visishtadvaita philosophy. Ratnam Stotra About Stotraratnamwhich the greatn depicts This Anjali Vaibavam is in continuation to the 27 the to continuation in is Vaibavam This Anjali Sudugraham Tryanththaartham sarveshaam Swaadyanniha Yamunaahvayam vandE Yogindrastham Sthotrayaamasa I bow to the kingSri of yogisYamunacharyar who through his – a lucid in Vedas of meaning the fully has conveyed Stotraratnam easily. understood be could that there wisdom such manner, a made has Vedanthacharyar, Sri called also is who Desikar, Swami His Sri Alavandar. works of of some on commentary detailed Rahasya as called is Chathusloki and on Stotraratnam commentary . the 28 on detailed commentary has made a Vedanthacharyar to the eternal he who has resorted that expresses Alavandar wherein Sri else. anyone of think never shall Lord, of feet lotus filled nectar Prathyastram Anjalirasow tava wing us to realize it. “The Anjali Anjali “The it. realize to us wing my heart in praise of you is the is the you of praise in heart my ns from beginningless time, we that I can offer you is my Anjali.” you is my Anjali.” I can offer that gs. Even the ten Ashvametha Yaga Yaga Even the ten Ashvametha gs. nma,Krishna na punar werful arrow of Punishment on us, on us, Punishment arrow of werful Him and removes all the obstacles obstacles the all removes and Him t yield you Moksham, but singing but singing Moksham, you t yield in his Thiruvaimozhi has conveyed that the best offering conveyed that the best offering has in his Thiruvaimozhi Nammalvar he says and Anjali, is grace His kindle and Emperuman please will that to Lord that “the words coming out of 30 sandal paste that I offer to you, my pasurams (songs) are the garland and garland are the (songs) pasurams my you, to I offer that paste sandal silk cloth for you, the best ornament This Anjali,maintainsperform unto the supreme Lord, who I this entire Great Deluge. the during even universe, Anjali” kritah “Sakruth only if performed even Feet, Holy His of palms towards This folding thin auspicious us with once, bestows (the Ten Great ) shall no Him. from knowing us that prevents hIyate” na jaathu Pushnaathi “Shubaani and provides qualities auspicious us with hands bestows of The folding “If says Pancasath his Varadaraja in Desikar Swami bliss. eternal us with po Your going to discharge Thou art si who have committed innumerable from the shall relieve one in folded with our hands glory Lord's reincarnation. endless cycle of in the bondage Ja Punarethi Ashwamedhi “Dasha bavaya” AsEshathaha” Ashubaani –Mushnaathi “Tad-Eva misfortunes all our away steals folding of hands the moment, very That remainder. any leaving without and miseries our how the Lord stealthily removes indicates The verb Mushnaathi even allo without qualities inauspicious unto us feet, draws His made unto have got a counter shaft (Viz. Anjali)which shall overcome Thy arrow “ – omnipotent Your being of in spite nigraha-astre” the shows us by effort made single for receive we grace eternal Thus, the Anjali. greatness of 29 verse of chapter 7 the rd er in the form that very instant thatform very er in the uits of our penances are limited. are our penances uits of of his Vaatsalya (Parental Love) Love) (Parental of his Vaatsalya expect anything from us, merely ver, the other created and and created deities the other ver, gained by worshiping other deities other gained by worshiping and there is no need for any other other any need for there is no and rayana. The meaning of thissloka is once all his misfortunes and fosters fosters and misfortunes all his once – the greatness of Lotus feet of Lord is Lord feet of Lotus the greatness of – Tvad-Angrim uddisya ’’ ’’ uddisya Tvad-Angrim emphasized. – which alone shall lead us to salvation, i.e. moksha. moksha. i.e. salvation, to us lead shall which alone – emphasized. grant can alone He that conveyed has Emperuman Gita, In Bhagavad is It control. His under are deities other the all and (salvation), moksha worth here to quote the verses from 23 Swami Alavandar by this sloka has conveyed the greatness of Anjali of greatness the conveyed has sloka this by Alavandar Swami feetunto the lotusmade of Lord Na as follows your pair of feet, whosoever he towards hands “He who has folded his time, whatev whatever be the and may be at dispels hands the act of folding bliss. eternal him an “ Gita, where Lord declares,“the the fruits is It attain these and demigods and the worshippers of is perishable person. me, eventually come worship howsoever they my devotees them, while any by to me and me alone. and anytime at kenachit” “Kadapi done be can Lord By thisSwami Alavandar word conveys that this Anjali pair towards the of feet of to attainsimplest and way Him is not dependent on time or place. way to only is the which (surrender), of prapaththi a symbol is Anjali so simple Feet. It is Lotus attain His is not it as aspirant, for the pathway best is the It initiative. human creed. or caste specific a to limited Saranagathi-hi prapaththi-hi Yancha ekopayatha -Tad “Yathaa tathaa vaapi” in be performed can it thus and subsidiaries, any require does not Anjali any manner. does not Emperuman that This means him. Howe hands pleases of folding us. from sacrifices and offerings expect more Emperuman by controlled we do, the fr how much And no matter Lord, out the Compassionate Whereas hands in whatever of folding may be just it although our prayer, accepts manner. Supported By Srimad Srirangam Sishyas Andavan Srimad Srirangam Sishyas Andavan Srimad Srirangam Sishyas Andavan or call TCA Venkatesan at (248) 651- (248) at Venkatesan TCA or call City City Thirunangur Sri Sunder Saranathan, Saranathan, Sunder Saranathan, Sunder Thirunangur Sri Sunder Thirunangur Sri Thirunangur Sri Vedics Chicago Kanchipuram 2879. in more one is also bringing the process of Vedics Thiru-k-koodalur. support: our temple under to is hoping Vedics temples, these to support monthly By providing people there who places so that roots movement in such create a grass love their templesafford can to staythere and provide to the service for devotees and not have to look at greener pastures Lord and His survival. service. this on in focusing is Vedics that plans two There are Plan A is to create a core fund of $10000 per divyadesam that is in need. To thisVedicsisstart end fixed planning to deposit each funds for made be will deposits Monthly goal. that and work toward divyadesam is This examined. be will loans interest low as well as funds these into plan. primary the support. we that divyadesam each to amount a monthly send to is B Plan This willtime effectthat be done untilA takes at Plan temple. the As each accept plans for we temple, Vedics have two will either monthly donationsa one time or donation toward of these temples. any Supported: Divyadesams Temple thirumaNi-k- koodam arimEya thiru viNNagaram thiru-k- kAvaLampAdi thiru-k-koodalur dhoothar Paandava Near Kumbakonam Detroit Vedics to in donating interested or is information additional wishes If anyone at contact the Vedics Board this service, please [email protected] 32 , 31 TCA Venkatesan Venkatesan TCA Thirumani-k-koodam in Thirunangur and and Thirunangur in sloka of stotraratnam has of stotraratnam has sloka th time, place, caste or of for anything else other than aranaha naraha kadaachit na cha kadaachit aranaha naraha hthi- Anjali kindles the grace of TheAnjali kindles the grace of hthi- Thiru-k-kavalampadi and VEDICS ACTIVITIES VEDICS ACTIVITIES

How a seeker shall not strive shall not How a seeker alone. the Lord seeking on restriction is no How there subsidiaries. Prapatthi,Surrender, is the only easyattain way to the Lord. pours and qualities inauspicious all dispels Anjali How that eternal bliss forever. devoid on all devotees times all at fruit eternal bestows How it to attached who is a person to also and attachments other of all worldly pleasures.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Conclusion: divyadesams supporting of service began the Vedics 2002, in early Since in India are that strapped for money. Identifying that service to the of a and that the maintenance of service highest form devotees is the to decided Vedics and mortar, bricks the fixing than is more temple provide monthly support for the priests and support personnel such as watchmen for the temple. In return the priests were asked to keep the perform to continue day, each of hours number fixed a for temple open also on. They were so and temple, the at rites) (daily aradhana nithya cause noble localthe activitiesengagein people this requested the to at the temple. support to places many from forth come have Devotees coming devotees are is happy to note that more and and Vedics to started has Vedics generous donations, their forward. Through provideto the following monthly support temples: Vinnagaram Thiru Arimeya sh tad Eka samuddisya “Bagavantham api” kamyakarmaartha hIyanthe His Lotus Feet of Him by way “one who seeks The above sloka means never failsattain to Him.” 28 the on commentary in his Desikar Swami dealt in detail as how this Prapat Supreme Lord Narayana.The several aspects that may be pointed out are

Event Thondaradippodi Azhvar, Koora Azhvar, Thondaradippodi Narayana Jeeyar, PeriyaNambi Hanumath Amavasai, Sarva Pomona Jayanthi at Perumal Manavala Azhagiya Nayanar at Utsavam Vellum Koodarai Pomona at (except Ekadasi Vaikunta Srirangam), Sarva Bheesham Utsavam Irappaththu Ekadasi, Begins UttaraayaNa Kaalam, Kaalam, Punya UttaraayaNa Sankaranthi Kooraththaazhvan, Thirunaal Thiruvaymozhi Sarrumurai Star Kettai Moolam Pooradam Begins Utsavam Adhyayana Avittam Revathi Begins Thirunaal Thai Srirangam Ashwini Bharani Sevai Thai Srirangam Karththikai Lunar Lunar

Calendar Calendar CALENDAR - FIRST QUARTER 2003 Margazhi Margazhi 17 Margazhi 18 Margazhi 19 Margazhi 22 Margazhi 26 Margazhi 27 Margazhi 29 Margazhi 30 Date

January 2003 01/01/03 01/02/03 01/03/03 01/06/03 01/10/03 01/11/03 01/13/03 01/14/03 01/15/03 Thai01 04 01/18/03 Thai Rohini Punarpoosam Embar 01/21/03 07 Thai Magam 01/23/03 Thai09 Azhvar Thirumazhisai Uthram 01/24/03 Thai10 01/28/03 Thai14 Hastham 01/31/03 Thai17 Kettai Iyarpa Sarrumurai Uthraadam Bodayana Amavasai Sarva Ekadasi 34 )

33 azhvaars Harini Raghavan Harini Raghavan Swami Manavala Manavala Swami and ans teacher. As the name teacher. As the name ans s of Sri Ramanuja) who is Sri Ramanuja) s of ) of the mystic saints ( saints mystic ) of the rd right to our PC. Please visit Please PC. rd right to our te to go through for people with r first issue the website in focus is focus website in first issue the r we work on the computer. It has a a has It computer. the on work we , holy places (holy places are the are the places (holy places , holy that the commentary was complete. Sri Vedanta Desika Sri Vedanta haryas by the author. Divyaprabhandam DO YOU KNOW? Divyadesams WEBSITE IN FOCUS (one of the 74 disciple 74 of the (one in Sanskrit language me language Sanskrit in and tradition Vaishnavite Sri for feel a get and is presented along with an in-depth summary of the the of summary in-depth an with along presented is acharya are presented in great detail. The author has dedicated a section a section dedicated author has The detail. in great are presented Sri Anantazhvan Sri Mamuni to implies, the website talks about some of the great Vaishnavite teachers teachers Vaishnavite great some of the about talks website the implies, with their salutary verses and their works. Life history of two great - Sri Ramanuja followers of Brahma the on commentary the writing while Ramanuja, That wasto a assisted great deal by Sri KUrattAzhvAn? This great scholar suggested he even that taught are we and commentary, the proofread so some places modifications in known for his service to Lord Srinivasa in . The articles section section The articles in Tirupati. Srinivasa Lord to service known for his read. interesting an which form articles of sets small of a series presents ( The divine outpourings The word literature. website Vaishnavite of a Sri brief review a presents This section In ou features. its salient highlighting www.acharya.org help They useful. is very which section multimedia a hosts The website Lord whileenjoy the sight of us to are available in the Divyaprabhandam section. Thiruppaanazhvar’s Thiruppaanazhvar’s section. Divyaprabhandam in the are available Amalanadipiraan ac commentaries of various images of has Screensaver The Sri screen savers. downloadable couple of fewthe Lord from a small movie a carries section The video azhvaars). by the temples sung divine to view the us enabling a few temples, of festivals of the car some of deities of the presiding of images the Lord. Beautiful journey of shown. are divyadesams the si good a is acharya.org In summary a whole carries It tradition. Sri Vaishnavite the of knowledge varying Lo bring the which images bunch of www.acharya.org Mukundan Pattangi Pattangi Mukundan e Our Relationship with HIM VEDICS QUIZ Human Living Thing Thing to the Temple? we go Why do from HIM Seek Boons Re-Kindl Meet people we practiceWhy shouldVegetarianism? Living Healthy (Prasadam) Good Food Delicious Inexpensive this Bhooloka? there in are divyadesams How many beings other to Suffering Minimal 102 VEDA 105 Veda? Who authored Rig 108 GOD 106 MANU body? our to Thiruman applying of significance the is What NO-One Indicates Devotion Looks cool (Chith)? Atma is What Consciousness Object Having To Follow Tradition Human What does not contribute to one’s Karma? Heart Thought (Mana) to GOD Indicates Servitude (Kaaya)Actions (Vaak) Speech us? teach message does What unique Dedications(Kainkaryam) Lord to (Sharanagathi) Surrender Total Friends Importance of to Humanity Vedas Service Four could not explain______Him. But did Others Azhvars Upanishad Help Good over Evil Life? of What is the purpose Knowledge Seek Moksha issue) (Answers next Enjoy Life & Eat Drink

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 36

35 Event Event Vanamamalai Kootai Ennai Ennai Kootai Vanamamalai Kappu Utsavam Mamunigal Manavala Thiruvadhyanam Srirangam Panguni Utsavam Begins du). Festivals are shown based on shown based are Festivals du). Star Star aseersham aseersham Ekadasi Sukla Magara Nambi Thirukkacchi aseersham g g gam gam Masi Magam uni 04 Uthram 05 uni Hastham uni 14 Thiruvonam Panguni Uthram Thiruvarangaththamuthanaar Sarva Ekadasi

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Date Date the time in India,result,as and represent the date not necessarily your contact Please countries. and other US in the falls the festival Acharyaa temple priest or to determine the exact date and of time a festival. specific in is followed that calendar based on the are listed The festivals Na Tamil (Triplicane, Thiruvallikkeni February 2003 February 02/01/03 Thai 18 Thiruvonam 02/03/03 Thai20 02/08/03 Thai25 Sadayam 29 02/12/03 Thai Ashwini Mru Chottai Nambi Nalooran 02/13/03 01 Masi 05 02/17/03 Thiruvathirai Masi RathaSapthami Ma Dvadasi Sukla Kumbha 02/27/03 Masi15 Pooradam 02/28/03 Masi16 Uthradam Sarva Ekadasi March 2003 03/02/03 Masi18 Avittam 03/10/03 Masi26 Rohini 27 03/11/03 Masi Amavasai Sarva Mru 03/13/03 Masi29 03/14/03 Thiruvathirai Masi30 Srirangam Sevai Garuda 03/18/03 Pan Punarpoosam KulasekaraAzhvar 03/19/03 Pan 03/28/03 Pan NOTE

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Wednesdays 9:30PM CST (8:30pm after 1/15): Bhagavad Gita - English Pray with sincerity humility and gratitude for atleast 15 minutes a day. HH. Tridandi Srimannarayana Chinna Ramanuja Jeeyar Swami FALL IN LOVE WITH GOD RESTRICT FOOD CONSUMPTION 1st Saturday 9 AM CST: Sri Vachana Bhooshanam - Tamil Eat anything only after offering it to God. HH Vanamamalai Ramanuja Jeeyar Swami MEDITATION 1st Sunday 10AM CST: Srimad Bhagavatam - Telugu Meditate on the beauty of God, atleast thrice a day, Sri U.Ve. Satuluri Gopala Krishnamacharyulu atleast a minimum of 3 minutes each time. Chant Sri Vishnu Sahasranamam (the 1000 Holy Names of Lord Vishnu) once a day. 2nd Saturday 9AM CST: Siria ThiruMadal - Tamil Sri U.Ve. Venkatakrishnan Swami RESPECT FOR ALL THAT IS HIS Strive to lead a life in which you will never hurt 2nd Sunday 9AM CST: Ramayana Tanislokam - Tamil a fellow living being for any reason. Sri U.Ve. Velukkudi Krishnan Swami MONEY 3rd Saturday: 9AM CST: Acharya Hrudayam- Tamil Earn to live, educate, support and serve and not for Sri U.Ve Elayavilli S Bhoovarahan Swami the sake of pursuing materialistic desires.

3rd Sunday 10 AM CST: Srimad Bhagavatam - Telugu CHARITY Sri U.Ve. Satuluri Gopala Krishnamacharyulu Donate however little it may be to noble causes. Feeding the needy is the highest form of charity. Last Saturday 10AM CST: Purpose of Life- Telugu HH. Srimannarayana Chinna Ramanuja Jeeyar CONTENTMENT Be happy and content that you are His. Thank your preceptors at least Feb 14 to March 30: once a day for blessing you with this awareness. Sri VPS Varadan Swami Upadesa Ratna Malai - Tamil Sundays: 7 PM CST & Thursday: 9PM CST ABSOLUTE FAITH Place complete trust in the supreme LORD. Do not go against His way. Dhivya Prabhandam and Stotra patam santhai: Sun 8AM & Sat 2PM CST. SELF – CONTROL Vedam Chanting and error correction: Sat 8AM CST: Jan. 25 to March 30 Strive to live a life free from selfish desire and anger. Pancha Sooktams & Pancha Shanti (Yajur Vedam only)

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