Wol ank Financed Project E584 Volume 3 Public Disclosure Authorized
Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Project
Environmental Impact Assessment Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
Hubei Provincial I Comm unications Departmeut
Public Disclosure Authorized Marc. .2002 W uhan Cihina
FILE COPY
Envi-onmentalnImpact Assessment of Aiaogan-,Xiangfan Erpressway
Table of Contents Chapter] Introduction ...... 1.1 Project Background ...... 1 1.2 Environmental Assessment ...... I 1.3 Purpose of EA ...... 2 1.4 Bases of Assessment ...... 3 1.5 EA Management and Procedure ...... 5 1.6 Scope of Assessment ...... 7 1.7 Methodology ...... 7 Chapter 2 Environmental Assessment Team ...... 11 2.1 Brief Introduction of SSSRI ...... 1 2.2 Team Members ...... 1I Chapter 3 Project Description ...... 12 3.1 Directly Impacted Areas ...... 12 3.2 Location ...... 12 3.3 Alignment Corridor and Main Control Points ...... 12 3.4 Traffic Volume Prediction ...... 13 3.5 Key Technical Standards and Construction Scale ...... 13 3.6 Accessory Facilities ...... 14 3.7 Construction Materials ...... 15 3.8 Project Cost Estimate ...... 15 3.9 Construction Schedule ...... 16 Chapter 4 Description of the Existing Environment ...... 17 4.1 Physical Environment ...... 17 4.2 Biological Environment ...... 19 4.3 Socio-economic Environment ...... 22 4.4 Existing Environmental Quality ...... 32 Chapter 5 Environmental Impacts ...... 41 5.1 Identification of Potential Environmental Impacts ...... 41 5.2 Impact on Ecological Environment ...... 43 5.3 Impact Analysis of Water Environment ...... 50 5.4 Noise Impacts ...... 55 5.5 Impacts to Air Quality ...... 67 5.6 Impact on Socio-economic Environment ...... 72 5.7 Indirect Impacts ...... 79 5.8 Resettlement and Relocation ...... 83 5.9 Safeguards Assurance and Compliance ...... 92 Chapter 6 Analysis of Alternatives ...... 95 6.1 Analysis of Corridor Alternatives ...... 95 6.2 Analysis of Sub-alternatives ...... 101 6.3 Comparison of "with" and "without" the Project ...... 108 Chapter 7 Mitigation Measures ...... 109 7.1 Design Phase ...... 109 7.2 Construction Phase ...... 124
Hubei ProvincialComnmunications Department Environmental Impact Assessment ofY-iaogan-Xiangfan Erpresswvay
7.3 Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase ...... 129 Chapter 8 Environmental Management Plan ...... 132 8.1 Organization of Environmental Management ...... 132 8.2 Mitigation Plan ...... 134 Environmental Supervision Plan ...... 139 8.4 Environmental Monitoring Plan .140 8.6 Implementation Schedule and Estimated Cost .146 Chapter 9 Public Consultation .149 9.1 Consultation Implementation .149 9.2 Public Opinion Questionnaire . 15 9.3 Public Consultation Activities Records .151 9.4 Main Concerns of the Affected Public and Responses .159 9.5 Conclusions of Public Consultation .160 9.6 Information for Disclosure .161 Chapter 10 Conclusion .167
Hlibei ProvincialConmminications Departmient Environmental Impact .Issessmen of tiaogan-Xiangfan Expresswav
List of Table Table 1.6-1 Scopes of Environmental Assessment ...... 7 Table 1.8-1 Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) unit: mg/Nm ...... 8 Table 1.8-2 Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area (GB3096-93) unit: dB(A) .8 Table 1.8-3 Noise Limits for Construction Site (GB 12523-90) unit: dB ...... 8 Table 1.8-4 Water Quality Requirement Standard for the Main River along the Project .. .9 Table 1.8-5 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water unit: mg/l ...... 9 Table 1.8-6 Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-92) unit: mg/l ...... 9 Table 1.8-7 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) unit: mg/l ...... 9 Table 1.8-8 Classification of Soil Erosion ...... 10 Table 3.4-1 Traffic Volume Predicted for the Proposed Xiao-Xiang Expressway (unit: pcu veh./day) ...... 13...... ] Table 3.5-1 Main Technical Specifications ...... 14 Table 3.5-2 Main Works Quantity ...... 14 Table 3.6-I List of Accessory Areas along the Xiao-Xiang Expressway ...... 15 Table 3.7-1 Locations of Construction Materials Sources ...... 15 Chart 3-9-1 Whole Schedule of the Project ...... 16 Table 4.1 -I Key Meteorological Data of Areas along the Proposed Expressway* ...... 18 Table 4.3-1 Population and Land Distribution at the Project Area ...... 22 Table 4.3-2 Land Distribution in the Project Area ...... 22 Table 4.3-3 Main National Economy Indexes of Areas Influenced Directly by the Project ...... 23 Table 4.3-4 Agricultural Products in the Project-affected Areas ...... 23 Table 4.3-5 Cultivated Lands along the Alignment ...... 24 Table 4.3-6 Output of Agriculture, Forestry, Livestock Raising and Fishery unit: million Yuan ...... 24 Table 4.3-7 Income Situation of the Residents of Areas Influences by the Project ...... 25 Table 4.3-8 Institutes of Culture, Education, Scientific Research and Public Health in the Affected Areas ...... 26 Table 4.4-1 Environmentally Sensitive Spots along the Proposed Expressway ...... 32 Table 4.4-2 Environmentally Sensitive Spots along the Proposed Expressway ...... 34 Table 4.4-3 Environmentally Sensitive Spots along the Proposed Expressway (Major Rivers, Forest Park) ...... 34 Table 4.4-4 Monitoring Results of Ambient Noise along the Proposed Expressway ...... 35 Table 4.4-5 Water Sampling Locations and Pollutant Monitored ...... 36 Table 4.4-6 Analytical Methods of Water Sample ...... 36 Table 4.4-7 Monitoring Results of Current Water Quality unit:mg/l ...... 36 Table 4.4-8 Percentage of Water Samples Meeting the Applicable Standards ...... 37 Table 4.4-9 Monitoring Locations and Ambient Air Quality Items ...... 38 Table 4.4-11 Monitoring Results of NO, Unit: mg/Nm3 ...... 40 3 Table 4.4-12 Monitoring Results of NO2 Unit: mg/Nm ...... 40 Table 5.1-1 Potential Environmental Impact Types & Degrees ...... 41 Table 5.1-2 Matrix of Potential Environmental Impacts ...... 42 Table 5.2-1 Quantity Balance of Earth and Stonework unit:km3 ...... 44 Table 5.2-2 Areas of Soil Conservation to be Affected ...... 45 Table 5.2-3 Values of the factors in the soil erosion projection model ...... 46
Hubei Provincial Communications Department Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expresswvay
Table 5.2-4 Results of Soil Erosion Prediction in Construction Phase ...... 46 Table 5.2-5 Efficiency of Vegetation as Erosion Control Measures ...... 47 Table 5.3- I Wastewater Discharge Condition at Service Stations and Parking Zone ...... 52 Table 5.3-2 Received Volume of Runoff by Rivers ...... 53 Table 5.3-3 Prediction of River Contamination by Initial Surface Runoff unit: mg/I ...... 53 Table 5.3-4 Traffic Accidents Statistics for Guangzhou-Huizhou Expressway in Recent Years ...... 54 Table 5.3-5 Q, Values on Different Sections (million vehicles/a) ...... 54 Table 5.3-6 The Predicted Probability of Traffic Accident in Different Water Areas ...... 55 Table 5.4-1 Measured Noise Levels of Construction Machines ...... 56 Table 5.4-2 Noise Levels at Different Distances for Major Machinery and Vehicles dB(A) ...... I...... 56 Table 5.4-3 Prediction Noise Levels of NH3 16 During the Construction Phase ...... 57 Table 5.4-4 Types of Vehicle ...... 59 Table 5.4-5 The Values of k2 Taken at Different Motor Vehicle Spacing ...... 60
Table 5.4-6 The Noise Level Corrections L\o sdr 7-t ...... 61 Table 5.4-7 Values for AL,forst -.-...... ----.. -----..... --.--. ---.-.-.-.-.---.--...... 61
Table 5.4-8 AL2 Values for Buildings ...... 61 Table 5.4-9 Prediction Results of Traffic Noise of Different Sections unit: Leq (dB) .... 62 Table 5.4-10 Prediction Results of Noise Level at Villages unit: Leq (dB) ...... 64 Table 5.4-11 Predicted Noise Levels in Schools and Hospitals unit: Leq (dB) ...... 67 Table 5.5-1 TSP Survey Results ...... 68 Table 5.5-2 Analog Analysis Results of TSP after Water Sprays in Construction Sites ... 68 Table 5.5-3 Baseline Air Quality Comparison of the Expressway and National Expressways III & IV ...... 69 Table 5.5-4 Prediction Emission Volume of the Proposed Expressway and NH316 in Year 2025 ...... 72 Table 5.6-1 Project Land Acquisition Unit: mu ...... 72 Table 5.6-2 Ratio of Occupied Land to Total Land of The Region . . 73 Table 5.6-3 Ratio of occupied land to total land of the project-affected villages ... 73 Table 5.6-1 Impacts of Access Roads located in the Most Sensitive Areas ...... 76 Table 5.7-1 Consultation on Indirect Impact Caused by Interchanges ...... 82 Table 5.8-I Scope of Resettlement and Relocation ...... 84 Table 5.8-2 Categories of Land to be Permanently Occupied by the Project unit: mu .... 84 Table 5.8-3 Project Demolition Unit: M ...... 85 Table 5.8-4 Ground Properties Demolition/Occupation ...... 85 Table 5.8-5 Compensation Standards for Permanent Land Occupation ...... 88 Table 5.8-6 Compensation Utilities ...... 89 Table 5.8-7 Compensation for Ground-based Properties ...... 89 Table 5.8-8 Staffing of Resettlement Organizations ...... 90 Table 5.8-9 Additional Training for Resettlement Management Personnel ...... 90 Table 5.8-9 Estimated Cost for Resettlement and Relocation ...... 92 Table 6. 1- I Engineering Specifications of Alternatives Alignments ...... 96 Table 6.1-2 Comparison of Soil Erosion ...... 97 Table 6.1-3 Noise Sensitive Receptors and Mitigation Cost ...... 98 Table 6.1-4 Rivers crossed by the Alternative Alignments ...... 98
Hubei Provincial Com,nunicaiionsDepartmenm Env'ironrnenlalImpact .Assessn7eni ofXiaogan7-Aiangfan Expressway
Table 6.1-5 Comparison of Socio-economic Factors ...... 100 Table 6.2-1 Comparison of Sub-alternatives for the Xiaogan Segment ...... 101 Table 6.2-2 Environmental and Socio-economic Factors of Xiaogan Segment Sub- alternatives ...... 102 Table 6.2-3 Key Engineering Features of Sub-alternatives A and C ...... 104 Table 6.2-4 Key Environmental and Socio-economic Factors of Sub-alternatives A and C ...... 104 Table 6.2-5 Key Engineering Features of Sub-alternatives A and D ...... 1...... 05 Table 6.2-6 Key Environmental and Socio-economic Factors of Sub-alternatives A and D ...... 106 Table 6.2-7 Key Engineering Features of Sub-alternatives A and E...... 107 Table 6.2-8 Key Environmental and Socio-economic Factors of Sub-alternatives A and E ...... 107 Table 6.3- 1 Comparison of With and Without Project Scenarios ...... 108 Table 7.1-1 Locations and Rehabilitation of Borrowing Pits along the Expressway ...... 112 Table 7.1-2 Location and Rehabilitation of Disposal Sits along Xiao-Xiang Expressway ...... 114 Table 7.1-3 Traffic Noise Mitigation Measures (Villages and Townships) ...... 116 Table 7.1-4 Traffic Noise Mitigation Measures (Schools and Hospital) ...... 118 Table 7.1-5 Mitigation Measures for Access Roads Located in the Most Sensitive Areas ...... 121 Table 7.1-6 Cultural Relics Sites Excavation Plan ...... 122 Table 8.1-1 Responsibilities for Environmental Management Organizations ...... 132 Table 8.1-2 Main Responsibilities for Supervision Organizations ...... 134 Table 8.2-1 The Mitigation Plan of the Proposed Xiao-Xiang Expressway Project ...... 134 Table 8.3-1 Environmental Supervision Plan ...... 139 Table 8.3-1 Environmental Supervision Plan(Continued) ...... 140 Table 8.4-1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Program ...... 141 Table 8.4-2 Ambient Noise Monitoring Program ...... 141 Table 8.4-3 Surface Water Quality Monitoring Program ...... 142 Table 8.4-4 Equipment and Facilities for environmental monitoring ...... 144 Table 8.5-1 Personnel Training Program ...... 146 Table 8.6-1 Implementation Progress of Major EP Measures ...... 146 Table 8.6-3 Cost of Environmental Protection as Engineering Cost ...... 148 Table 8.6-4 Yearly Operation Cost of the Equipment ...... 148 Table 9. 1-1 Basic Information of the People Consulted ...... 150 Table 9.2-1 Public Response to Questions from the Questionnaire ...... 150 Table 9.3-1 Record of Public Consultation Information ...... 152 Box 9.6-1 Information Provided to the Public ...... 161 Table 9.6-1 Public Locations for Disclosure ...... 162
Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway
List of Maps
Map3- 1: Location of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway ...... 1I Map3-2: The Alignment Corridor of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway ...... 13 Map4-1: Water System Map of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway ...... 18 Map4-2: The Location of Baizhaoshan Natural Forest Park and Anlu Gingko Reservation ...... 19 Map4-3: Current Soil Erosion Situation Map of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway ...... 21 Map4-4: Location of Cultural Relics on Xiao-Xiang Expressway ...... 30 Map4-5: Location of Huangjinshan Tomb ...... 31 Map4-6: Location of Shaojiapeng Site ...... 3 1 Map4-7: Location of Sensitive and Monitoring Spots along Xiao-Xiang Expressway....32 Map6-1: The Location and Orientation of Alternative I II, III ...... 96 Map6-2: Cultural Relics on Alternative 1, II, III ...... 99 Map6-3: Map of Alternative A and Sub-alternative Segments ...... 101 Map6-4:Xiaogan Segment--Sub-alternative B I and A (Corresponding to B 1)...... 102 Map6-5:Xiaogan Segment--Sub-alternative B2 and A (Corresponding to B2) ...... 103 Map6-6:Xiaogan Segment--Sub-alternative B3 and A (Corresponding to B3) ...... 103 Map6-7 Suizhou Segment--Sub-alternative C and A (Corresponding to C) ...... 104 Map6-8:Zaoyang Segment--Sub-alternative D and A (Corresponding to D) ...... 105 Map6-9:Xiangfan Segment--Sub-alternative E and A (Corresponding to E) ...... 107 Map7- LLocation and rehabit of Borrowing Pits and Disposal Sites ...... Ill Map9- :The location of The Consultation Activities ...... 151
HLIbei ProvincialCommunications Department List of Abbreviations
AIDS Acquired Immure Deficiency Syndrome BP Best Procedure COD Chemical Oxygen Consumption EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EPB Environmental Protection Bureau EPO Environmental Protection Office GB National Standard GHZB National Standard GP Good Practice HBREMS Hubei Road Environmental Monitoring Station HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HPCD Hubei Provincial Communications Department HPCPDI Hubei Provincial Communications Planning & Designing Institute HPCRB Hubei Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau HPEPB Hubei Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau HPRARI Hubei Provincial Relic & Archaeological Research Institute LAeq Continuous Equivalent Sound A Level MOC Ministry of Communications NH National Highway
NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide NOx Nitrogen Oxide OD Operational Directive OP Operational Policy PRC the People's Republic of China SEPA State Environmental Protection Administration SS Suspended Solid SSSRI Shanghai Ship & Shipping Research Institute TOR Terms of Reference TSP Total Suspended Particle UN United Nations WB World Bank WBFPO World Bank Financed Project Office
Environmental Impact Assessment of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway
Chapterl Introduction
1.1 Project Background
The Xiaogan to Xiangfan Expressway, the Project, is one of the key infrastructure projects in Hubei Province and an integral part of Yinchuan-Wuhan Expressway (Yin-Wu Expressway). As a strategic trunk expressway proposed by the Ministry of Communications (MOC) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the Yin-Wu Expressway plays an important role in the national program of Development of China's West. The Project starts at Xiaogan city northwest of provincial capital Wuhan, extends northwest bound through Shizhou city and ends at Xiangfan city (see the project location Map 3-1). As an expressway connecting one of the major national automobile manufacturing bases (Shiyan), Han-Shi Expressway which is known as the "Automobile Corridor", is cn'tically important to the growth of automobile industry at Shiyan, as well as to the increasing freight and passenger transportation demands from more developed central and coastal regions to northwest China. A 1994 Hubei provincial government document (Hubei Province Goverunent Publication, No.145) and a 1996 Hubei Communist Party Committee's General Office document (Memorandum on Specific Measures for Promoting Automobile Industry) set forth concrete requirements for the development of Han-Shi Expressway. The Expressway has since been listed as one of the key transportation infrastructure projects in the province. Based on these requirements, Hubei Provincial Communications Planning and Design Institute (HPCPDI) subsequently completed a "Preliminary Feasibility Study on Wuhan- Shiyan Expressway" in August 1998.
In November, 1998, Hubei Provincial Communications Department (HPCD) distributed "Notice on Issues Concerning Early Stage Preparation of Wuhan- Shiyan Expressway". The Notice proposed to develop Han-Shi Expressway through several components using different financing. Subsequently the Xiaogan to Xiangfan section or the Project was defined a component, proposed to be partially financed by a World Bank loan.
1.2 Environmental Assessment
During the preparation for the Project, Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute (SSSRI) was engaged by HPCD to undertake Environmental Assessment (EA) for Xiaogan to Xiangfan expressway. An EA team was formed in 1998, which conducted preliminary site investigation along the proposed project alignment, initial data collection and the first round of public consultation between November and December of 1998. On this basis, Terms of Reference (TOR) for the EA was finalized.
Hubei Provincial Communications Department I EnvironmentalImpact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway
On June 28, 1999, the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) approved the TOR, which was later further modified to reflect the requirements of the World Bank. The revised TOR was approved by SEPA in August 2000. According to the World Bank Operational Policies for Environmental Assessment (OP4.01) and SEPA's requirements, the Project is classified as a Category A project.
Various tasks of EA including additional site investigation, more rounds of public consultation, assessment of data collected, and development of mitigation measures and environmental management plans were carried based on the TOR and comments on the TOR from a World Bank Mission in September 2000. A first draft Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report was completed in October 2000 which was reviewed by series of World Bank missions in April 2001, July 2001, November 2001 and March 2002. The current final report was prepared in accordance with comments on the EA included in the Aide Memoires from the missions. In the meantime, the current version of the EIA report has been submitted to SEPA and was received an approval from a SEPA entrusted expert review panel on November 6, 2001. The final official clearance of the EA reports by SEPA was received at February 7, 2002.
In addition to the current report, the EA also covers three connecting roads and four rural roads improvement components which are parts of the Project. Stand- alone EIA report and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) were prepared for each of the connecting roads and rural roads components and were submitted to SEPA (the Chinese version, EIA's only) and the World Bank (the English Version) separately. The main findings, conclusions and recommended actions from all EIA reports and EMPs are presented in a project-wide EA Summary. Additional rural roads components will be identified for the second phase of this project and EA for these components will be conducted once identified.
As the project EA team and the author of EIA reports, EMPs and EA Summary, collectively known as EA documents, SSSRI certifies that the main contents of the Chinese and English versions of the EA docunents are basically identical, except more stringent noise standards are applied in the English version. In addition, the Chinese version of the EIA contains a section on economic analysis as required by SEPA. This section is not included in the English version because OP4.0 I does not have such requirements. With regard to the translation, while the two versions are not completely identical due to different expressions in Chinese and English languages, there is no key difference on the matter of substance.
1.3 Purpose of EA
The EA predicts various environmental and socio-economic impacts of the Project, and analyzes the impacts quantitatively or qualitatively through the investigation or monitoring of the physical, biological, socio-economic environrment, and through public consultation along the project area. More specifically, the purposes of the EA are:
Hubei Provincial Communications Department 2 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway
* To improve the decision-making process by introducing environmental criteria and assessment to design engineers and decision makers and to ensure the Project is environmentally sound and sustainable;
* To ensure adverse environmental impacts be identified and evaluated in the earlier stage of the Project so as to develop appropriate measures including alternative alignments and designs to avoid, mitigate, reduce or otherwise minimize the adverse impacts to acceptable levels;
* To develop measures of compensation for the impacts which could not be avoided or mitigated; and;
* To provide a basis for Project executing agency and relevant government agencies to develop and implement plans for environmental management and monitoring.
1.4 Bases of Assessment
World Bank Requirements The World Bank requirements include primarily the Bank's ten safeguard policies, including Operational Policies (OP), Best Procedure (BP), Good Practice (GP) and Operational Directives (OD). They are:
* Environmental Assessment (OP/BP/GP4.01); * Forestry (OP/GP4.36); * Natural Habitats (OP/BP4.04); * Safety of Dams (OP/BP4.37); * Pest Management (OP4.09); * Involuntary Resettlement (OD4.30); * Indigenous People (OD4.20); * Cultural Property (OPN1 1.03 and soon to be OP4.11); * Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP/GP7.60); and * Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP/GP7.50).
Among these safeguard policies, Enviromnental Assessment is the primary requirements and thus the focus of this report. In addition, other Policies such as Natural Habitats (OP4.04), Indigenous People (OD4.20), Forest (OP4.36), Cultural Property (OP4. 11) and Pest Management (OP4.09) are also applied in the EA at least for screening and included in this report. Policies on Involuntary Resettlement and Cultural Property are the subject of separate assessments by the other two teams but the key findings are included in the report.
Hubei Provincial Communications Department 3 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway
Since there are no project components that involve international waterways, dam construction or disputed areas as defined under OP7.60, Policies related to these subjects are not applied in the EA.
National laws and regulations on enviromnental review and EIA * Environmental Protection Law of PRC of December 26, 1989; * Land Management Law of PRC of August 29, 1998; * Water and Soil Conservation Law of PRC of June 29, 1991; * Water Pollution Prevention Law of PRC of May 15, 1996; * Noise Pollution Prevention Law of PRC of October 29, 1996; * Air Pollution Prevention Law of PRC of April 29, 2000; * Solid Waste Pollution Prevention Law of PRC of October 30, 1995; * Rules of Environmental Protection Management for Construction Projects, issued by the State Council of PRC; * Measures Concerning with the Environmental Protection and Management for Transportation Construction Projects, issued by MOC; * Directories of Environmental Protection management for Construction Projects (No.9, [1999]), issued by SEPA; * The Technical Rules for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ/T2.1-2.3- 93,HJ/T2.4-l995,HJ/T19-1997); issued by SEPA; * Specifications for Environment Impact Assessment of Expressway, issued by MOC; * Notice to Strengthen the Environmental Impact Assessment and Management of Construction Projects Financed by Loan from International Financial Organizations, jointly issued by SEPA, the State Planning Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the People's Bank of China; * Review comments for Project EA TOR of November 1999 and again of May 2000, and for Project EIA of November 2001; all these comments have been incorporated in EA process and the EA documentation; and * Other relevant environmental protection laws, regulations and policies.
Engineering Design Document * Preliminary Engineering Design of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway, by HPCPDI, 2001; This design contains much more details than a typical preliminary design in western countries and is the latest and most updated design document at the time the EA was prepared; and * Feasibility Study for Xiaogan to Xiangfan Expressway, by HPCPDI, July 2001, which is the final version for the feasibility study.
Other Relevant Study Reports * Final version of Project Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), HPCD, December 2001; and * Final version of Project Cultural Relics Report, HPRARI, March 2002.
Relevant International Environmental Agreements (where China is a signing party) * UN Framework Confer on Climate Change; * Biologic diversity Agreement, signed on December 29, 1993;
Hubei Provincial Communicalions Department 4 Environmental Impact Assessment of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway
* Vienna Agreement on Ozonosphere Protection, signed on December 30, 1989; and * Amended Montreal Protocol on Ozonosphere Material Depletion, signed on August 20, 1992.
1.5 EA Management and Procedure
The Project EA involves HPCD as the Project owner, SSSRI as the EA team, and SEPA, Environmental Departrnent of MOC and the World Bank as the reviewers. The key procedures include TOR preparation, monitoring, assessment, public consultation, mitigation planning, analysis of alternatives and reporting. The organizations involved in the EA, key EA procedures and their inter-relationships are presented in Figure 1-1.
Hubei Provincial Communications Department 5 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway
| ~~~~SEPA, Wol Bn Envionrental Departmnent of||l ll
Entrust
Study Regulation relating to project, on site investigation
_. Submitting
Z IPrepare EA TOR
L ~ ~ ~ > Approve TORIl
Baseline data investigaoon about linc monitoring for acoustics, air, water ngineering techni biological, socio-economic, and quality data physical eFvironuTent P
oExisting environmental condition assessment
> ~~~~Environmental impact assessment .
I Public consultation ,Environmental mitigation I < =/ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~measuresplanning
Environmental management Cmprehensive analysis planning I Cost-Benefit analysis
| Analysis of Altemative i ompile EIA report | Submitting
EMPandEA Sum ary |Submnitting Examination
Figure 1-1 The EA Procedure
Hubei ProvincialCommuxnications Department 6 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-XiangfanExpressway
1.6 Scope of Assessment
Based on the practical experience of environmental assessment on the construction of the expressways both in China and aboard, relevant EA regulations and guidelines and considerations of the existing situation of the proposed Project, the scope of EA of the Project is determined as follows, as having been approved by SEPA.
Table 1. I Scopes of Environmental Assessment Items Scope of Assessment Socio-economic/cultural Counties and cities where the proposed expressway passes through environment Biological environment 300 m on both sides of the center line of the proposed expressway Acoustic environment 200 m on both sides of the center line of the proposed expressway; extend as appropriate to important areas (such as sensitive spots influenced by temporary access roads) Ambient air environment 200 m on both sides of the center line of the proposed expressway and the areas surrounding interchanges. Water environment 200 m upper stream and 1000 m down stream from the location of the bridges; and 200 m on both sides of the center line of the Iproposed expressway. Cultural relics 100 m on both sides of the alignment
1.7 Methodology
Expressway construction projects are linear development. On-site investigation shows that the environmental conditions of most road sections along the proposed route are similar, except for a few areas where the receiving environment is sensitive. Therefore, the EIA method adopted is focused on sensitive receptors and representative areas to determine the impacts of the entire project area.
Noise level, air quality, water quality and soil erosion are predicted and assessed by the means of modeling and analogous analysis, while socio-economic environment assessment is conducted primarily through site investigation and analysis.
1.8 Standards of EA
According to an official letter on environmental assessment standards for the proposed Xiaogan-Xiangfan expressway issued by the Hubei Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau (HPEPB) and relevant World Bank policies and requirements, the EA standards are as determined follow.
Hubei Provincial Communications Department 7 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway
Ambient Air Quality Standard The ambient air quality is evaluated against Class II in the Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996), listed in Table 1.8-1. According to the Standards, the classification is applied to residential, commercial, mixed zones and general industrial and rural areas. Emissions of air pollutants are evaluated against Class II standard in Integrated Emission Standard ofAir Pollutants (GB6297-1996).
Table 1.8-1 Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996 unit: mg/Nm3 Pollutant Sampling time NOx NO2 TSP Remark Daily average any time 0.1 0.12 0.3 Class II in"GB3095-1996" Hour average any time 0.15 0.24 --
Environmental Noise Standard For villages, Class IV of Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area (GB3096-93), that is, 7OdB(A) for daytime and 55dB(A) for night time are applied. For sensitive receptors such as schools and hospitals, the more stringent standards, Class I, in GB3096-93 or 55dB for daytime and 45dB for night time are applied (Table 1.8-2). These are the same standards applied to other expressway projects in Hubei province financed by the World Bank.
Noise Limits for Construction Site (GB12523-90) are applied in the assessment for construction phase noise impacts (Table 1.8-3).
Table 1.8-2 Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area (GB3096-93) unit: dB(A) Classification Daytime Nighttime Applicable zone 0 50 40 Special residential zone 1 55 45 Residential, culture & education zone 2 60 50 Mixed residential, commercial, industrial zone 3 65 55 Built-up industrial zone 4 70 55 Both sides of trunk roads
Table 1.8-3 Noise Limits for Construction Site (GB12523-90) unit: dB Construction stage Major source of noise Noise limit ______.Daytime ______Night time Earth & stone work Bulldozer, excavator, loader, etc. 75 55 Piling Pile driver, etc. 85 Forbidden Structuring Concrete mixer, etc. 70 55 Finishing Crane, elevator 65 55
Surface Water Quality Standards The surface water quality is evaluated by Environmental Quality Standardfor Surface Water (GHZBI-1999). The standards classification depends on the functional uses of the river sections as defined by Classification of Surface Water Function of Hubei Province, issued by HPEPB (Table 1.8-4 and Table 1.8-5). Wastewater discharge in service zones, parking lots and maintenance areas is
Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 8 Environmental Impact Assessment of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway
evaluated by Class I in Integrated Wastewater discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) and Irrigation Water Standard (GB5084-92).
Table 1.84 Water Quality Requirement Standard for the Main River along the Project No. Name of the river Piles No. of the intersection with Standards Requirement expressway I Huan River K72+335 Class III (GHZBI-1999) 2 Fu River K99+493 Class III (GHZBI-1999) 3 Jun River K170+350 Class 11 (GHZBI-1999) 4 Yun River KI 75+700 Class III (GHZBI-1999) 5 Sha River K241+700 Class IV (GHZB I -1999) 6 Tangbai River K271+380 Class IV (GHZB1-1999)
Table 1.8-5 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water unit: mg/l Pollutant GHZBI-1999 I 11~I Ill IV V CODMn <15 15 20 30 40 Oil 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.5 1.0 SS 10 50 150 - -
NH 3 -N 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 1 .5
Table 1.8-6 Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-92) unit: mg/l Pollutant Crops classification Paddy Field Dry fanning Vegetable
BOD5 < 80 150 80 COD,, < 200 300 150 SS S 150 200 100 oil 1 5.0 10 1l.0 pH _ 5.5-8.5
Table 1.8-7 Integrated Wastewater Discharile Standard (GB8978- 996) unit: mg/I Pollutant Class I Class II Class III CODcr 100 150 500 BOD, 30 60 300 Fueoil 1 0 10 30 NH_-N 15 25 _ SS 70 200 400
Soil Erosion Standard Soil erosion assessment standard refers to the standard suggestcd by Specifications for environment impact assessment of expressway. Table 1.8-8 shows the classification of soil erosion.
Hlubei Provincial Communications Department g Environmental Impact Assessment of Xiaogan-XiangfanExpressway
Table 1.8-8 Classiflcation of Soil Erosion Classification Erosion modulus (tlkM2 /a) I Light erosion <1000 I I Medium light erosion 1000-2500 III Medium erosion 2500-5000 IV Medium severe erosion 5000 8000 V Severe erosion 8000- 15000 VI Extreme severe erosion >15000
lHubei Provincial Communications Department 10 EnvironmenialImpact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway
Chapter 2 Environmental Assessment Team
2.1 Brief Introduction of SSSRI
Shanghai Ship & Shipping Research Institute of MOC (SSSRI) is the EA team. The institution was founded in 1963, and is the largest institution reporting directly to MOC. SSSRI holds first class certificate for EIA issued by SEPA. The Institution has engineers and researchers for rural sociology, human geography, biological engineering, enviromnental engineering, traffic engineering, and so on.
The institute has undertaken about 70 EAs for high-class roads and individual bridge and tunnel construction projects in the recent years. Among them, two were for World Bank financed expressway projects in Hubei and Guangdong Provinces. As such, the Institute is experienced with undertaking EA for the proposed Project.
2.2 Team Members
Members of the EA team in various specialties are listed below:
EA Team: Shanghai Ship & Shipping Research Institute of Ministry of Communication EA Credential: National Environmental Assessment certificate the first class NO.1807
Director: Zhang Limning Associate Research Fellow EA Team Leaders: Zhang Liming Associate Research Fellow Zhou Zhou Engineer
EA Team Member: Names Title Specialty Zhou Zhou Engineer Rural sociology Gong Hui Assistant Engineer Human geography Feng Yujuan Senior Engineer Noise environment Fei Xiongjie Engineer Water environment Sun Ming Assistant Res-fellow Terrestrial ecology Chen Zengmin Associate Res-fellow Environ. Monitoring Tang ruirong Senior Engineer Air Environment
Consultant: Li Dahong (Independent Consultant from Canada)
Supporting Team Member from Hubei Province:
Chen Zhang Senior Engineer (Chief Engineer) Peng Jinzhong Senior Engineer Hu Long Senior Engineer
Hubei Provincial Communications Department 11 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway
Chapter 3 Project Description
3.1 Directly Impacted Areas
The proposed expressway will pass through three municipalities: Xiaogan, Suizhou, and Xiangfan City. Areas impacted directly by the Project include Xiaonan District, Xiaochang County, Yunmeng County and Anlu County of Xiaogan municipality, Suizhou municipality, and Zaoyang County and Xiangyang County of Xiangfan municipality.
3.2 Location
Location of Hubei province Hubei province is located in central China and the middle reach of the Yangtze River. It spans between east longitude 108°21' and 116°07', and north latitude of 29°25' and 33°21'. Hubei is bordered by Henan Province to the north, Hunan Jiangxi Provinces to the south, Anhui Province to the east and Sichuan and Shaanxi Provinces to the west. The Yangtze River flows through the province from west to east, and Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, Beijing-Kowloon Railway intersects the province from north to south (See Map 3-1).
Location of the Project The proposed Xiaogan to Xiangfan Expressway is located in the central part of Hubei Province. The alignment corridor is generally in the southeast to northwest direction. The expressway starts on the east from Shengjiawan, which is to the south of Chanchuan, Xiaonan District of Xiaogan City, ends on the west at Zouying, Xiangyang County of Xiangfan City, The whole area is between east longitude of 112°00' and 114°05', and north latitude of 31°05' and 32040'. This expressway runs through Xiaonan District, Yunmeng County, Anlu county, Suizhou City and Zaoyang county of Xiaogan City, and Xiangyang County of Xiangfan City (Map 3-1).
3.3 Alignment Corridor and Main Control Points
The Project starts from Sancha town of Xiaonan District, Xiaogan City. At this point the alignment of this Project intersects with Beijing-Zhuhai National Expressway, and connects the Hankou-Xiaogan Section of Wuhan-Shiyan Expressway. The alignment runs westwards and intersects National Highway (NH) 107 near Xiaogang town, then crosses over Beijing-Guangzhou Railway and Huanshui River. After going through Dougang and Baisha town of Yunineng county, the alignment gradually runs towards NH3 16. At south of Anlu county, the Project runs over Hankou-Danjiangkou Railway and NH3 16 and towards southwest of NH3 16, and then crosses Fuhe River to Yandian, Bofan,
Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 12 Map 3-1: Location of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway |
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Luoyangdian and Hedian. After passing through Junchuan, Anju, the expressway runs to Wangcheng of Zaoyang city, and then through the north of Wudian and Liangji, crosses Hankou-Dianjiangkou Railway to its north at west of Donggang Railway station. The alignment then runs along Wuhan-Danjiangkou Railway to Shuanggou town, crosses NH3 16 again to its north and then crosses Tangbai River. The alignment, after passing through the north of Xiangfan Airport, the 2nd Auto Co. Development Zone and Xiangfan Railway Station, ends at Zhouying of Xiangyang County, where it links Xiangfan-Shiyan Section of Wuhan to Shiyan expressway. The total length of the Project is 243.535 km (see Map 3-2 for details).
3.4 Traffic Volume Prediction
According to the traffic projection result provided by the feasibility study report of July 2001, the traffic volume of the proposed expressway is shown in Table 3.4-1.
Table 3.4-1 Traffic Volume Predicted for the Proposed Xiao- iang Expres way (unit: pcu veh.day) Section 2006 2013 2020 Xiaonan Interchange-Xiaogan Interchange 11278 28822 39219 Xiaogan Interchange-Yunmeng Interchange 14616 31919 41454 Yunmeng Interchange-Anlu Interchange 15536 32909 42755 Anlu Interchange-Yandian Interchange 16908 32686 40893 Yandian Interchange-Luoyangdian Interchange 14240 29509 37544 Luoyangdian Interchange-Hedian Interchange 16664 31365 39524 Hedian Interchange- Suizhou Interchange 14154 28042 35596 Suizhou Interchange- Anju Interchange 17492 30938 37340 Anju Interchange-Wangcheng Interchange 16400 30673 37544 Wangcheng Interchange-Zaoyang Interchange 13858 27986 35509 Zaoyang Interchange-Juwan Interchange 13751 28221 36223 Juwan Interchange-Shuanggou Interchange 15830 31889 40782 Shuanggou Interchange-Develop Zone Interchange 18246 31527 39617 Development Zone Interchange-Gaoying Interchange 16023 29352 37070
3.5 Key Technical Standards and Construction Scale
Technical Standards According to Project engineering design, the proposed Project will be constructed on the standards of 2-directional, 4-lane, controlled access expressway with a design driving speed of 120km/hr. The detailed technical specifications are shown in Table 3.5-1.
Hubei Provincial Communications Department 13 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway
Table 3.5-1 Main Technical Speci ications Item Unit Specifications Class of Expressway Expressway Design Speed km/hr. 120 Width of Subgrade M 28.0 Width of Driving Lane M 2x2x3.75 Clearance Width of Deck M 2x12.0 Width of median M 4.5 Design Speed on Ramps km/hr. 35-80 Design Vehicle Load Ton Auto: 20, Trailer: 120 Design Flood Frequency 1/100,1/300 (extra-large bridges) Maximum Longitudinal slope % 3 Rank of pavement High Designed Operation Life Year 20
Works Quantity Main Project works quantity is presented in Table 3.5-2, based on the engineering design.
Table 3.5-2 Main Works Qua tity No. Works Item Unit Works Amount I Construction Mileage Kin 243.535 2 Permanent Land Acquisition Mu 25,805.5(including connecting roads) 3 Temporary land Occupied Mu 9,357.7 4 Structural Buildings Dismantled m 192,488.6 5 Subgrade Earthworks I 000m3 22,553.57 Stoneworks 1o00m 3 8,048.30 Drainage & Prevention 1000m 3 1,292.5 6 Pavement 1000m2 5395.98 7 Bridge & Culvert Extra-Large Bridge rn/No. 5,083.16/6 Large Bridge m/No. 5,188.4/25 Medium Bridge m/No. 1,940.68/34 Small Bridge m/No. 1,620/52 Culverts No. 524 8 Intersection Interchange No. 14 Grade Separabon No. 30 Underpass No. 454 Over-Crossing No. 147
3.6 Accessory Facilities
According to Project detailed engineering design, accessory facilities along the expressway include mainly service areas, parking and maintenance zones and administration centers (Table 3.6-1). Service areas typically include parking lots, gas stations, shops, washrooms, inns and dining rooms, each of which will have
Hubei Provincial Communicaiions Department 14 I -- Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway
permanent staff of 20-25. Parking zones provide only washrooms, small dining rooms and shopping, but Yunmeng and Shuanggou parking zones will have a gas station each aswell.
Table 3.6-1 List of Accessory Areas along the Xiao- iang Expressway No. Name Location I Xiaogan service area K61+000 2 Yunmeng parking zone K93+000 3 Anlu service area K1(19+850 4 Luoyangdian parking zone K 149+400 5 Suizhou service area K185+100 6 Wangcheng parking zone K203+250 7 Zaoyang service area K238+830 8 Shuanggou parking zone K276+100 9 Xiaogan administration center K85+000 10 Suizhou administration center K155+500 1 I Xiangfan administration center K228+550 12 Xiaogan maintenance zone K98+200 13 Suizhou maintenance zone K155+500 14 Xiangfan maintenance zone K243+300
3.7 Construction Materials
According to Project engineering design, a total of 104 earth borrowing pits are required for the expressway subgrade filling. Detaild locations and rehabilitation of the pits are presented in Table 7.1-1. Locations for other construction materials sources and their exploration sites are shown in Table 3.7-1.
Table 3.7-1 Locations of Construction Materials Sources Construction materials Location Remark Baisha, Hekou, Xiaogang town of Xiaogan Sand and Gravel city, Wudian town of Zaoyang county, Reserves are sufficient with Zhangji town of Xiangyang county. goo quality. Lime Anlu county and Diji town of Zaoyang Reserves are sufficient with ______county. good quality. Cement plant in Yunmeng County and The plants can supply Cement XinfnCt.different grade cement to Xiangfan City. satisfy the project demands.
Bituminous Materials Import from foreign countries. ICB will be adopted to select the qualified suppliers Steel Wuhan City, Xiaogan City, Xiangfan City. demnands.
Water for Construction Many rivers, reservoirs, ponds and Quality is good Water__for_Construction_ irrigation ditches along the Project areas. Quality_is_good
3.8 Project Cost Estimate Total estimated cost of the proposed Xiaogan to Xiangfan Expressway Project is about RMB 7.5 billion. The Project will be financed by a World Bank loan,
Hubei Provincial Communications Department 15 Environmental Impact Assessment of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway
domestic loan facilities and equity investment. The provincial equity will account for 35% of the capital requirements while the World Bank loan will US$250 mnillion. The reminders financing will come from domestic debts.
3.9 Construction Schedule
According to Project Implementation Plan of HPCD, construction for the proposed expressway is planned to commence in July 2002. The expressway will be completed and open for traffic December 2005. The construction period is about 41 months.
The whole schedule of the project is shown in chart 3-9-1.
Chart 3-9-1 Whole Schedule of the Project Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Fesibility study _
Primary design _ Construction design_._ _ Construction period
Hubei Provincial Communications Department 16 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfaan Expressway
Chapter 4 Description of the Existing Environment
4.1 Physical Environment
4.1.1 Terrain
The terrain configuration in the areas crossed by the proposed expressway has a general gradient northwest to southeast., and there are three terrain areas along the project.
* The Xiaonan, Xiaochang, Yunmeng and the east of Anlu areas are fairly flat and open with gentle slopes, which are part of Jiang-Han plain formed by erosion. The elevation of these areas ranges from 50 to 100 m above the sea level. * The Yandian to Wangcheng area is hilly with relatively high elevation of 100-165 m above the sea level. The area is on the north ridge of Dahong Mountain and criss-crossed with Sunshui river and waterways of the Guinher river basin. * The Zaoyang to Xiangyang area is located on the first and second terrace of Han River and the terrain is characterized with undulate ridges formed by erosion. The elevation is about 75-150 m above the sea. The dominate landforms are open plain and low elevation ridges.
4.1.2 Meteorological Conditions
The proposed Project is located in the north semi-tropical region with a continental monsoon climate and distinct seasons. The summer is typically wet and hot and the winter is dry and cold. The annual average temperature is 15 to 16°C. The coldest months fall in January and February with the average temperature of 2°C and the extreme low temperature of -16.3°C. The hottest months usually occur July and August with the average temperature of 28°C and the extreme high temperature of 42.50C. The annual average rainfall is between 845 to 1200 mm. The June, July and August are characterized as the rain season as rainfall within this period accounts for about 40 percent of the annual total. The rainfall density differs distinctly in regions and the rainfall is heavy in east and south and light in west and north areas. The uneven rainfall distribution in the region causes severe drought and flood. The main rivers and reservoirs in the Project area flood in the drain season almost every year with the severest flood typically occurring in the Tangbai river valley.
The annual average no-frost period is 220 to 250 days and the annual sunlight is 1940 to 2100 hours. The predominant wind direction in July is south while the prevailing wind in other months is from north or northeast. The average wind speed in the Project region is 2.7 to 2.8 meters per second and the maximal wind
Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 1 7 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway
speed is 29.6 meters per second. The main characteristics of meteorological conditions of areas along the proposed expressway are summarized in Table 4. 1-1.
Table 4.1-1 Key Meteorological ata of Areas along the Prop sed Expressway* Meteorological Unit Xiang- Zao- Jing- Sui- A I Yun- Guang- Xiao- factor fan yan shan zhou nu meng shui gan- Annual average 'C 15.6 15.4 16.1 15.6 15.8 15.9 15.6 16.1 temperature _ Extreme high IC 41.1 40.7 39.7 40.4 39.2 38.6 38.9 38.5 temperature I Extreme low C -14.8 -15.1 -17.3 -16.3 -15.3 -14 -14 -13.7 temperature Annual average % 76 73 75 75 78 79 74 79 humidity . . Annual average mI/s 2.8 2.6 1.9 2.7 3 2.9 2.4 2.4 wind speed I Maximal wind m/s 20 24 16 22 17.3 22.7 22 16 speed I Annual average mm 869.2 859.8 1059.6 964.8 1088.8 1074.8 981.1 1135 rainfall Maximal daily mm IS0 260.6 229.3 214.6 242.9 421.1 199.2 219.3 rainfall *data are provided by weather stations along the proposed Project area.
4.1.3 Rivers and Hydrology
The rivers in the Xiaogan to Xiangfan expressway areas belong to Yangtze River basin and Hanjiang River basins as shown in Map 4-1. Rivers on the west of Wangcheng of Zaoyang County such as Sha River are part of Tanghai River tributaries within the Hanjiang river basin, while rivers on the east of Wangcheng such as Huan River, Yun River, Jue River and Jun River are part of Fu River tributaries within the Yangtze River basin. In general, the Project area has abundant surface water resources, including large network of rivers, creeks, irrigation channels, lakes and reservoirs.
The main rivers crossed by the proposed expressway are Huan River, Fu River, Sha River and Tangbai River, as well as their many tributaries in the plains and valleys. Huan River is the largest tributary of Fu River. It originates from Ling Mountain of the neighboring province of Henan to the north and flows from north to south through Dawu County, Guangshui County, Xiaochang County and Xiaonan district before merge into Fu River near Wolongtan, which in turn flows into Yangtze River. The total length of Huan River is 150.8 km and the drainage area is 3618 km2 . The riverbed is narrow while the surface is wide, carrying a large amount of grit. Huan river water level is influenced significantly by seasons, high in summer and low in winter. According to The Flood Prevention Report of Huan River in Hubei Province, the 100 years flood flow calculated by the Huayuankou hydrology station is 5820 m3/s.
Hubei Provincial CommunicationsDepartment 18 Map 4-1 :Water System Map of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway
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Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway
Fu River originates from Dahong mountain of Suizhou city. It crosses Suizhou city, Guanghsui county, Anlu city, Yingcheng county, Yunmeng county and Xiaonan district. In the low reach, the river divides into two tributaries: one continues along the original river channel and finally discharges into Yangzte River near Zhanjiaji village, while the other discharges into Yangtze River near Jiangzui village. The total length of the river is 331.7 km and drainage area is 14,769 km2. The upper Fu River reaches are in mountainous areas while the middle and lower reaches, in plains. Fengjiangkou reservoir and Heiwuwan reservoir are located in the upper reach with functions of regulating the Fu River flows. According to The Flood Control Report of Huan River in Hubei Province, the 100 years flow calculated by Anlu hydrology station is 6068 m3 /s.
Tangbai River is a Han River tributary and its drainage area is about 24,500 km2. There are two tributaries in the upper reach, Tang River and Bai River. Tang River is originated from the south of Funiu Mountain and enters into Hubei province through Huowan. The Tan and Bai rivers merge near Xiangyang county and forms the artery of Tangbai River and finally flows into Han River at Zhangwan Village of Xiangyang county. The length of the Tangbai river artery is 22.6 km and is a year round navigation waterway. According to the record of Huangpi hydrology station, the highest water level is 69.23 m and the largest flow is 14,958 m3/s.
4.2 Biological Environment
4.2.1 Natural Habitat
The proposed expressway has avoided occupying any significant natural habitat and forest parks along its alignment. The distance of the proposed expressway to the nearest natural forest park - Baizhaoshan Natural Forest Park is 1.2 kin, that to the nearest natural reserve area - Anlu Natural Reserve of Ancient Ginkgo is about 5 kilometers (Map 4-2).
Baizhaoshan Natural Forest Park is mainly for tourism. It is located in the Baizhao mountain. Because the park is well promoted and access to the park is difficult, tourists to the parks in recent years are limited.
Anlu Natural Reserve Area for Ancient Ginkgo is mainly for ancient ginkgo protection. The fruits and leaves of ancient ginkgo trees have become one of the the main income sources for local farmers.
4.2.2 Soil
The major types of soil along the Project alignment include rice soil, moisture soil and yellow brown clay. The most extensively distributed soil is rice soil, existing in plains, lake areas and low hills. It serves as the major cultivated soil in the area with high quality texture. The first and second grade of rice soil accounts for over
Hubei Provincial Communications Department 19 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway
60% of the total rice soil in the areas. Moisture soil distributes mostly around lacustrine plains. Yellow brown clay is the major soil type on dry lands, distributing on hills and slopes along the alignment in the area west to Yandian town of Anlu county.
Sandy clay is the main soil type at the hilly areas alongside the mid-section of the proposed expressway. It belongs to dregs of the yellow brown clay that poorly developed in thin soil layers, which is 30 cm of thickness. Sandy clay originates primarily from cliff debris of granite and gneiss. In addition, there are purple clay, limestone soil and rice soil which locate around gullies, usually appearing in a compound distribution. Around the plains and ridge areas of the Project's northern section, soil types are mostly brown clay. The alluvial plains along the Han River area and its tributaries as well as small valley plains consist of various kinds of moisture soils. Among cultivated soils, rice soil accounts for a large proportion.
4.2.3 Fauna and Flora
Fauna The Xiaogan and Xiangfan sections of the expressway will extend through plains and hilly areas, where there is a long history of cultivation and a dense population, and as such wild animals are scarce in these regions. The Project's Suizhou section is located in low mountains and hills at the ends of Dahong Mountains. Many species of wild animals had been found in the region until about fifty years ago. Due to increased hunan activities in more recent years, no pennanent wild animal habitats can be found now.
There are no significant wild animals within the study areas along the alignment corridor according to the field surveys and consultation with local specialists.
Flora There is little forestation in the areas east of Yandian town along the alignment. Land types are mostly paddy fields or dry lands. Vegetation of the area are primarily crops, including rice, wheat, cotton and cole, etc.
Areas west to Yandian town are of hilly and low mountains with high coverage of forests, mostly artificially planted vegetation in the decades. Majority of the trees are conifers.
The last section of the expressway passes Zaoyang county and Xiangyang county, where main vegetation are crops such as rice, wheat, cotton, cole and cash crops. Trees are usually planted along river banks and road sides. The vegetation coverage of this region is lower than 20%.
The ancient ginkgo is the only valuable natural plant that may be impacted by the Project. But these ancient trees mainly scatter around the Wangyizhen town of Anlu county (about 12 km from the proposed expressway) where over 20,000 to
Hubei Provincial Communications Department 20 Legeng
The Proposed Expissway
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Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expresswa2y
30,000 ginkgo are older than 100 years. Only a small amount of ginkgo are seen closer to the Project corridor in Luoyang town region.
Ginkgo is also called Gongsun tree in China. It is the oldest survivor among seed plants, and as such is sometime called "living fossil" of the quartemary glacier. Ancient ginkgo can provide significant scientific values in botanic research and are national Grade II protection tree species. Today, these ancient trees also bring benefits to local farmers with their leaves, seeds and pollens which provide substantial economic incomes to the farmers.
The ancient ginkgo trees usually grow on hills, where ground elevation is relatively high. To avoid these trees, the alignments have been selected to run through areas with lower elevation. Being carefully selected and justified by the design unit and EA team, the alignment of the proposed expressway has avoided ancient ginkgo trees region.
4.2.4 Soil Erosion
Existing Soil Erosion Areas and Intensity The proposed expressway crosses two soil erosion sensitive regions: Tongbai mountain region and middle reach of Han River region (see Map4-3).
According to remote sensing survey results of soil erosion in Hubei province, the total area of soil erosion in Tongbai Mountain is 6828.26 kM2 , which accounts for 32.87 percent of the area. The total area of soil erosion in middle reach of Han River is 10,080.76 kM2, which accounts for 42 percent of the area.
Again according to remote sensing surveys, the soil erosion characteristic of these areas is water erosion (including surface erosion and channel erosion). The soil erosion density of Tongbai mountain and middle reach of Han River are 2771 t/km2 a and 2672 t/km2a, respectively. The current soil erosion situation of the effected area of the proposed expressway is shown in Map 4-3.
Soil Erosion Type and Cause Site investigation during EA shows that farmlands on slopes steeper than 25 degrees are most seriously eroded. Hydro erosion is the dominating land erosion along the alignment. The main erosion form is area erosion, represented by soil dissolution and erosion after intense rainfall and decreased soil erosion resistance capability. Due to runoff and terrain differences, edges along ditches and ridges are scoured. Erosion develops from fine net like cracks to headwater erosion by cutting and expansion, sometime even resulting in landslides. Human activities are also a contributing factor since no effective conservation measures have been taken during production and construction activities. Large areas of soil vegetation are damaged. Forests and grasslands are converted to farming. There have been abusive utilization and over exploration of mining resources, random and poorly cultivated paddy fields, over cutting of forest, as well as farming and other
Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 21 Environmental Imnpact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway
unreasonable production activities on steep slopes. These have all contributed to soil erosion.
4.3 Socio-economic Environment
4.3.1 Key Socio-economic Indicators
Population and Land Key population and land statistics of cities, districts and counties affected by the proposed Project are presented Table 4.3-1 and Table 4.3-2.
Table 4.3-1 Population and Land Distribution at the Project Area
Region Population4 Non- Agricultural4 Ratio of Non-Agricultural Region_ (x10 ) Population (xI0 ) Population (%) Xiangyang County 139.96 18.61 13.29 Zaoyang county 108.37 21.13 19.49 Suizhou City 163.47 33.37 20.41 Xiaonan District 85.13 22.94 26.94 Xiaochang County 61.23 11.16 18.23 Yunmeng County 57.09 8.41 14.73 Anlu county 61.16 11.25 18.39
Table 4.3-2 Land Distribution in the Project Area Region(x104)capita percultivated cultivated per cand Land Area prcpt cuived land to total prcpt Region (X0)land land lnrao cultivated land (mu/person) (xO4 mu) and rato (mu/person)
Xiangyang County 483.90 3.45 170.09 35.15 1.40 Zaoyang county 491.55 4.54 151.98 31.04 1.74 Suizhou City 1048.35 6.41 145.95 13.99 0.89 Xiaonan District 141.90 1.67 49.22 34.69 0.79 Xiaochang County 178.95 1.62 60.11 33.59 0.55 Yumneng County 90.60 1.59 37.11 40.96 0.76 Anlu county 203.25 3.32 49.62 24.41 0.99 Source of data: Hubei Province Statistical Yearbook 2000
The natural growth of population is 0.43% for Xiangfan City, 0.44% for Suizhou City and 0.39% for Xiaogan City. The total population of the above areas is 11. 18% of the population in Hubei Province.
Main Socio-economic of Areas Influenced Directly by the Project Table 4.3-3 presents main socioeconomic indicators of areas influence directly by the Project.
Hubei Provincial Communications Department 22 Map 4-3: Current Soil Erosion Situation Map of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway
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Nikd,t.m Lilit Erior. l S K] Nlediuni Ero,ioIn Environmental Impacr Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway_ Table 4.3-3 Main National Economy Indexes of Areas Influenced Direc ly by the P oject Items Xiangyang Zaoyang Suizhou Xiaonan Aniu Yunmeng County County City District County County Gross Domestic Product 1,253,286 1,003,600 1,216,161 303,000 324,306 329,767 (x1O,000 Yuan) Primary Industries 367,645 388,500 295,571 107,000 127,332 102,178 Secondary Industries 580,344 419,300 494,570 98,100 117,990 132,854 Tertiary Industries 305,297 195,800 426,020 97,900 79,984 94,735 Average per capita GDP 9122 9359 7554 3569 5302 5777 (Yuan/person) Total Output Value of 9,715,548 8,973,537 1,289,520 288,503 396,992 397,066 Industry and Agriculture (x10,000 Yuan) Gross Output Value of 9,178,540 8,435,250 792,661 136,985 205,938 241,945 Industry (xl0,000 Yuan) Gross Output Value of 537,008 538,287 496,859 151,518 191,054 155,121 Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery (xlO,000 Yuan) Total Value of Retail 165,060 223,294 320,071 101,237 106,083 99,844 Sales (xlO,000 Yuan) , , ,_,_,__ Grain yield per capita 1021.48 1029.24 1355.53 803.25 1227.26 1133.25 (kilogram/person) source: Hubei Province Statistical Yearbook 2000 The above affected areas are relatively developed areas in industry and agriculture; per capita output value is relatively high in Hubei province. 4.3.2 Agriculture Agricultural Produces Major agricultural produces in the project-affected areas are presented in Table 4.3-4. Table 4.3-4 Agricultural Products in the Project-affected Areas Agricultural Product Types Products Types Grains rice and wheat. Economic crops Mainly cotton, cole and peanut. Also sesame, sugar plants, tobacco, herbs, ginkgo and flax. Crops garlic, cabbage, turnip, hot pepper, celery, leek, shallot, Vegetables and Fruits tomato, eggplant, lettuce, cauliflower, potato, onion, bitter melon, pumpkin, towel gourd, water melon, musk melon, beans, and snake melon, etc. basically no tree farm or forest south of Yandian along the Forestry proposed expressway. Major tree types north of Yandian include oak trees and Chinese red pines. Economic forests are Forestry, primarily ginkgo trees. Livestock Poul Raisin Mainly cows and pigs. Also horses, mules, donkeys, sheep, Raising, and try g rabbit, chickens, ducks, geese, honey bees, etc. Fishery About fifty species of fishes in the area. Major economic Fishery fishes are black carps, grass carps, silver carps, bigheads, common carps, crusian carps, bream, shoat fish, black fish and fmless. Hubei Provincial CommunicationsDepartment 23 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangffan Expressway Cultivated lands As shown in Table 4.3-5, total cultivated lands and the cultivated lands per capita in the areas project-affected are low and insufficient. Per capita of towns in Jiang- Han plain is only one mu (15 mu to a hectare) or less than one mu. Table 4.3-5 Cultivated Lands along the Alignment District/County Town Total land (mu) Land per capita (mu) Xiaonan District Xihe 27,341 0.92 Xiaogang 57,424 0.56 Yunmeny county Zengdian 37,902 0.93 Daodian 30,193 1.03 Xiaochang county Baisha 41,220 0.58 Tangli 37,138 1.21 Anlu county Yandan 46,992 1.07 Beifan 26,446 0.71 Luoyang Town 55,105 0.92 Hedian 81,706.1 1.89 Suizhou city Junchuan 99,824.2 1.96 Anju 92,159.3 1.52 Huantan 93,082.4 1.99 Wangcheng 43,575 1.82 Liangji 51,900 1.79 Zaoyang county Juwan 87,330 1.94 Caiyang 64,425 2.15 Zhangjiaji 82,540 1.75 Xiangyang county Shuanggou 99,105 1.98 ______Huopai_ 97,005 1.80 Source: Xiaogan Statistical Yearbook 2000; Suizhou Statistical Yearbook 2000; Xiangfan Statistical Yearbook 2000. Agricultural Structures in Project-affected Areas The production values of agriculture, forestry, livestock raising and fishery are shown in Table 4.3-6. It can been seen that agricultural industries in the region are dominated by crops and poultry. The proportions assumed by forestry and fishery are low. Table 4. -6 Output of Agriculture, For estry, Livestock Raising and Fishery unit: million Yuan Districts Total Crop Forestry Poultry Fishery Output _ Values % Values %. Values % Values % Xiaonan 840.69 436.65 51.9 4.15 0.5 209.79 25.0 190.1 22.6 Xiaochang 891.69 433.12 48.6 30.18 3.4 343.13 38.5 85.26 9.6 Anlu 1038.91 424.31 40.8 88.04 8.5 407.36 39.2 119.2 11.5 Suizhou 2395.46 1296.52 54.1 38.87 1.6 772.54 32.3 149.15 6.2 Zongyang 2251.26 1407.31 62.5 62.16 2.8 677.61 30.1 104.18 4.6 Xiangyang 2661.66 1678.95 63.1 41.69 1.6 801.82 30.1 139.2 5.2 Source: Hubei Province Statistical Yearbook 2000. Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 24 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway 4.3.3 Standard of Living Culture. Education and Scientific Development The economy of the areas to be influenced directly by the proposed expressway has improved rapidly in recent years. Over this period, the income of local residents has been increasing continuously, the housing conditions improved, and infrastructure for energy, transportation and communications developed steadily. As a result, culture, education, medical care systems have are improved as well. Sightseeing, shopping and recreation places/facilities are abundant. Primary to middle schools and clinics or hospitals in townships and villages of the areas can satisfy the need of education and medical care of the residents. It is apparent that that the standard of living for local residents along the proposed expressway has been increasing. However, there are still distinct differences in standard of living among residents. In general terms, the standard of living urban residents is better than residents in townships which in turn is better that those in the rural communities. The net average income of urban and rural residents of the Project areas is presented in Table 4.3-7 and the culture, education and medical care conditions for those residents are presented in Table 4.3-8. Table 4.3-7 Income Situation of the Residents of Areas Influences by the Project City or County Per Capita Net Annual Average Per Capita Annual Average Income Income of Farmer(uan) of Urban Residents (Yuan) 1998 1997 growth (%) 1998 1997 growth Xiangyang County 2887 2740 5.36 4084.45 3968.93 2.91 Zaoyang county 2771 2554 6.15 4635.10 4248.78 9.09 Suizhou City 2643 2413 9.53 4563.00 4316.00 5.72 Xiaonan District 2363 2006 17.8 3424 3258 5.10 Xiaochang County 2155 1812 18.9 3444 3212 7.22 Anlu county 2021 1728 16.96 4631 4445 4.18 Yunreng County 2523 2359 6.95 4585 4055 13.07 Source: Hubei ProvincialStatistical Yearbook 2000 These tables show that the areas influenced by the Project are among relative developed zones in Hubei Province. It is expected that the standard of living and the per capita income of the residents will increase continuously. Housing Conditions The houses of the rural residents in the region of Xiaogan city are typically one to two storeys brick/concrete mixed structure buildings. The houses of the rural residents in the hilly area of Suizhou City are mainly mud-brick structure buildings or one storey brick-concrete structure buildings. The houses of the rural residents in the region of Xiangfan city have different structure types, but primarily clay housing and one storey brick/concrete mixed structure buildings. Hubei Provincial CommunicalionsDepartment 25 Environlmeital ImpactAssessment of Xiaogai-Xianglan Expressway Table 4.3-8 Institutes of Culture, Education, Scientific Research and Public Health in the Affected Areas Xia gyang County Zaoyang county Suizhou City Xiaonan District Anlu count Yunmeng County No. k-:rhar Student No. twwl= student No. Te Student No. ther student No. teahiu student No. tacherl student Kindergarten 16 565 22773 20 226 8918 52 400 46002 17 4806 50 202 3456 27 272 2665 Primary school 64 610 19247 558 5330 15681 911 6711 22492 .30 10100 27 321 79222 243 284 76060 1 3 9 6 1 3 1 6 1 5 Middleschool 66 353 55515 45 3505 59996 72 3914 70047 35 28459 28 180 22897 21 116 20137 _ 9 8 High school 5 446 7699 47 2738 39158 6 619 11034 5 412 3942 4 309 3572 Vocational 11 450 6363 5 142 1745 12 540 6586 5 1329 3 575 1415 3 73 340 Technical 1 96 2713 1 95 1088 4 364 6231 _ _ - - _- _ College - 27024201 32 201 Library 1 1 1 1 Art groups I 1 3 1 Cultural 29 26 33 2 13 institutes 2 13 Hygiene 174 126 208 85 93 27 institutions Hospital beds 1971 1805 3475 1175 1062 897 M l s1ciaist 4019 2785 5059 2598 1546 1247 Hospital or 10 5 12 clinic . Source: Statistical Yearbook 2000 of concemned municipal & county level region. Hlubei Provincial Communications Department 26 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Diseases Control Investigation on the sanitation and epidemic disease control stations along the proposed expressway shows that there has been no Class I epidemic disease cases reported. A total of 15 kinds of Class II epidemic diseases have been reported in the Project areas, with the provincial wide total occurrence rate of 398 per 100,000 person in 1998 (the flood disaster year). In comparison, the total occurrence rate is 345 per 100,000 person in 1997 and as high as 523 per 100,000 person in 1993. Apparently, the disease occurrence has been dropping over time and in particular, about ten epidemic disease such as diphtheria, dysentery, scarlet fever, anthrax, poliomyelitis have dropped considerably. Xiaogan city is the area with high occurrence of snail fever. Over the years great efforts have been given to control the snails which carry and spread the disease. Therefore incidence of snail fever has been greatly decreased. The incidence of local hyperthyroidism has been decreased substantially by effective public education and by using iodine salt. To ensure the health of children, preventive inoculation has been widely practiced in the Project area, with accomplished preventive inoculation rate of 97.23%, the GG vaccine inoculation rate of 96.53%, and measles vaccine inoculation rate of 94.78%. Follow-up monitoring and research have demonstrated that the ratio of underweight children has been declined to 2.1%, rachitis, to 2.7%, vitamin A deficiency, to 0.04%, iron deficiency anemia to 31.2%. These rates basically meet the requirement set out the village development program by Hubei provincial epidernic control authority. AIDS, the great internationally concerned disease, has the tendency of spreading in the province. There are no detailed statistical data on AIDS yet but according to the information of the relevant research institutes, the HIV positive carriers and AIDS patients have been increasing every month in Hubei Province. Even two HIV positive patients were detected in a physical exarnination for marriage registration in Wuhan City. The battle of preventing and controlling AIDS has been fought hard in the province, the whole country and in indeed around the world. The province has taken measures to prevent HIV spreading and to treat AIDS patients. Epidemic disease control authorities are making great efforts to educate the public including the rural areas about HIV and AIDS prevention through media such as broadcast, television net and handbills. AIDS clubs have set up in main large cities (Wuhan, Xiangfan, etc.) to provide medicines and support to the patients. 4.3.4 Natural Resources Mineral Resources The mineral resources in Hubei province are scarce and often with low grades. But non-mineral resources are abundant, with high grades and good potential for exploration. These mine resources are far away from the proposed expressway. Tourist Resources Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 27 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Hubei province has very rich tourism resources. Along the proposed expressway there are many green hills, beautiful water bodies and good tourism spots. Xiaogan city was originally built in the year of 454 A.D. There are numerous historic sites and scenic spots within the city, such as the Big Pagoda Tree, Pond for Fairy Maiden, One Hundred Step Ladder, and the Platforn for Fairy Maiden Lift into the Heaven, which is the site for a famous fairy tale. There are also ancient cultural relics such as the Platformn of Bigong. The Baizaoshan forest park is one of the tourism zone in Anlu county. These sites are however, far away from the proposed expressway sites, except Baizaoshan which is 1.2 km from the proposed Project alignment. Suizhou City's major tourist resource is the Dahong Mountain, a provincial park. There are numerous magnificent peaks and caves as such it is nick named as "the First Peak in North Chu Country (another name for Hubei". Besides, more than 7000 pieces of archaeological items have been unearthed from the ancient graveyard Zenghouyi graveyard (the Warring Period in Chinese history) in Leigudun hill, which locates in the west of Suizhou City, again far away from the proposed expressway. Main tourist spots in Xiangfan are Ancient Xiangyang Castle, Ancient Longzhong, Lumen Temple Scenery Area, Cheng En Temple and so on. They are basically located within the urban areas of the city. The significant tourist area closest to the proposed expressway is the Baizaoshan Forest Park which is 1.2 km from the Project. All other sites mentioned above are at least 5 km away from the Project area. 4.3.5 Cultural Relics Background An initial cultural property screening along the entire Project area, including the alternative alignments, was conducted in accordance with Project TOR as well as World Bank safeguard policies OPN1 1.03 or the draft OP4. 11. The screening covered cultural relics sites, ancient tombs, historical buildings with 100 meters on both sides of the Project alignments, including: * The Project aligrnent; * Altemative alignments which have been considered during Project definition; * Sub-alignments which have been considered and selected; * Connecting roads and rural roads; and * Proposed borrow pit sites. This section focuses the findings of the cultural relics study for the Project alignrnent finally selected. The assessment of Project irnpacts is presented in Chapter 5 and the findings for the other altematives and sub-altematives, Chapter 6 and mitigation measures, Chapter 7 of this report, respectively. The findings and Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 28 Environmenial Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway mitigation for connecting roads and rural roads are presented in separate EIA reports for these components. Study Methodology As the cultural property screening requires special skills, experience and knowledge, the investigation team led by Provincial Culture Bureau consisted mainly of cultural property specialists including historians and field archaeologists from professional institutions and cultural relics management authorities from the Project cities and counties. The team had a total of 25 specialists divided into eight groups for different jurisdictions. The investigation for the main expressway was conducted during August 20 to September 16, 2000 and that for the alternative alignments and borrow pits, November, 2001. A Cultural Relics Report was prepared in November 2001 for its final version by Hubei Provincial Relic & Archaeological Research Institute (HPRARI) and the main findings, assessment and conclusions presented in this section are primarily based on the cultural relics report. The cultural relics investigation consisted of two parts: literature review and field reconnaissance. Prior to the field work, the cultural relics study team reviewed all available cultural investigation reports and similar information in the Project region. This was to have a better understanding of the known cultural properties in the area and provided background for the field work. This review revealed no known state, provincial and municipal level cultural relics along the Project alignment. The field reconnaissance included the following tasks: * Walk through the entire study area (for the corridor alternatives and connecting roads; the rural roads were invested by local cultural property staff separately); * Visual observations and surface sampling; and * Sub-surface investigation through drilling of up to 8 meters below grade; During the site investigation, about 250 reconnaissance holes were drilled in total. Results In total, 23 cultural relics sites were discovered along the three alternatives and three connecting roads and over 100 surface samples were collected during the field reconnaissance. The surface samples indicated that the cultural relics discovered belong to different ages from the New Stone Age (about 3000 to 5000 BC) to Qing Dynasty (about 1650 to early 1900). A total of nine cultural relics sites have been identified within the Alternative I corridor. However, five are considered by the specialists as not warranting further investigations for one to combination of all of the following reasons: * The sites are so far away (200 m or longer) from the proposed expressway alignment that the construction and operation would not impose any impacts; and/or Hubei Provincial Communications Department 29 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway * The site had already been totally destroyed and has no any significant value; and/or * The site is relatively new and has no cultural or historical value. Four cultural relics sites are considered significant within the Project corridor. But as will be discussed in Chapter 6, through selection of alternative alignments, two such sites are completely avoided. As result, the final selected Project alignment has two cultural relics sites (see Map 4-4 and the next page for site photographs): * Huangjinshan Tomb, which is located at pile No.K108+200 (see Map 4-5). The Song Dynasty (about 1000 AD) tomb was first discovered in the 1980's on a hillside. On the surface there are trees and new tombs (see photo). The entire tomb site occupies about 1200 m2, and since discovered, has not been well preserved. * Shaojiapeng cultural relics site, which is located at pile No. K264+900. This is a New Stone age to Shang Dynasty site (3000 to 5000 BC), occupying about 1000 rn2 (see Map 4-6). The site was also discovered in the 1980's together with several other ancient tombs in the adjacent areas. At present, the site is cultivated land (cotton) and the site itself is preserved well according to the latest site investigation (see photo). Borrow pits were investigated by specialists from local cultural stations in the Project region through primarily visual observations. No sign of cultural relics was found in any of the borrow pit and waste disposal sites. The impacts assessment on cultural relics is presented in Chapter 5 and protective excavation and other mitigation measures for the sites are presented in Chapter 7 of this report. Hubei Provincial Communications Department 30 ffl et-4t I9 IJ;] ', 3Z J J-ji! EM Map 4-4 Locations of Cultural Relics on Xiao-Xiang Expressway Zaoyang 1:900,000 K2W2 l _'K60E Huangjinshan T9nb ¢ Hai\ A140 K108+200 -E ,rS"9'3 \ r \La,K2 \ o9 |Sajapcng Site|> Al He C.- \ sn^~iJEIw~'tt' L 1(24+90O _X K_ 0 Yn-n Coun.Y Wuhan Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway (Songlong Village) (Sta1l Hill) >,107 - tt (hap = > (Anjing Road) { (Leigong Town) (AnLu City) Iuan shan Cemetery ) (Yaojinying Cemetery) (5th team of Cl h5 Ji *4 e ilpeog Village) C(Yaojiaying Village) Tain) Map 4-5 Location of Huangiinshan Tomb Map 4-6 Location of Shaojiapeng Site Huangjinshan Tomb Site Mcks oUH Shaojiapeng Site IuePoicaCoc ti t 3 t ru bei Provincial Commun icattons Department 31 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway 4.4 Existing Environmental Quality The major environmentally sensitive receptors to be potentially affected by the proposed expressway within the scope of assessment are listed in Table 4.4-1, Table 4.4-2, and Table 4.4-3. In total, there are 57 villages, 2 townships, 8 schools and 1 hospital along the proposed expressway (see Map 4-7). Table 4.4-1 Environmentally Sensitive Spots along the Proposed Expressway (Villages and Townships) No . Subgrade No. of Households/ persons in Distance to the .I Names height (m) the front row houses central line (m) I Huangjiahouwa K49+900 4.0 6/23 South 30 n 2 Shengjiawan K52+400 8.0 8/33 South 30 3 Tianjiawan K53+100 1-6 13/54 North 40 4 Xiayejiawan K53+350 7.0 11/45 North 100 5 Zhoujiawan K54+300 -7.0 9/38 South40 6 Shanbianwan K58+700 4 6/25 North 50 7 Yujiawan K60+300 -3.0 7/29 Northeast 100 8 Qunli K62+350 4.1 4115 South 40 9 chenxiangzhong K63+300 3.5 10/41 North 34 wan 10 Chenxiangxiwan K63+500 3.8 10/36 North /South 30 11 Xiaochengwan K65+400 4.0 4/15 North 70 12 Zhujiaza K65+500 5.0 5/18 South 40 13 Liangdawan K66+600 7.0 16/51 North 40-150 14 Jinshenmiao K67+600 10.0 10/39 South 90 15 Taojiadawan K69+200 7.0 13/46 South 40 16 Yinjia K69+400 7.0 7/26 North 80 17 Dongsongjia K70+850 5.6 10/33 South 56 18 Zhujiaza K71+300 4.5 5/24 North 36 19 Wanan town K72+900 7.0 7/29 South 40 20 Jiazi K73+200 6.4 6/18 North 30 21 Guojiadawan K73+800 2.0 7/25 South 40 22 Wangdian K76+100 -5.0 5/21 North /South 38 23 Bojiawang K77+100 4.0 16/49 South 30 24 Liujiayan K79+200 5.2 6/18 South 44 25 Shanwuxia K80+700 1.2 6/22 North 70 26 Weihuangwan K81+500 4.5 9/22 North 30 27 Jiacun K82+700 5.0 7/26 North 35 28 Lujiaqiao K83+100 5.0 5/20 South 40 29 Huangjiagang K85+050 6.0 8/31 South 68 30 Caifang K86+850 5.0 8/29 North 50 31 Longwalijia K89+450 1.5 7/28 West 40 32 Xiaoliwan K90+400 2.5 5/19 South48 33 Shangzhouwan K91+100 6.0 7/29 North 40 34 Tangehenwan K91+800 5.0 5/16 South40 Hubei Provincial Communications Department 32 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Table 4.4-1 Environmentally Sensitive Spots along the Proposed Expressway (Continued) (Viliages and Townships) No. Names Piles No. Subgrade No. of Households/ persons in Distance to the JSo._ Names Piles No. height (m) the front row houses central line (m) 35 Liujiawan K95+850 4.0 10/33 East 30 36 Wancun K98+800 5.0 10/36 Northwest 30 K98+800 5.0 South 30 37 1 Gaopengwan K99+000 6.6 North 45 38 Chenjiawan K100+500 3.0 8/30 North /South 30 39 Longshi K101+100 1.5 6/27 South 60 40 Yuanjiadawan K1l13+000 3.8 11/43 West 50-170 K(114±830 East 45 41 Yandian town 4.0 21/90 K1 15+200 East 70 42 Guoluwan K154+400 8.0 5/22 South 30 43 Tanjiawan K154+400 8.0 4/17 Nonh 30 44 Pangjiashan K181+850 5.0 3/10 North 70 45 Dongwan K215+500 4.4-5.9 5/21 NortWSouth 25 46 Liujiagang K216+600 7.3 3/8 North 25 47 Lianfengwan K217+200 7.0 5/23 North 60 48 Donggang K237+700 1.8-3 4/15 North/South 25 49 Donghe K240+800 3.7 13/42 North 80 50 Chengjiasanfang K248+100 2.0 2/5 North 60 51 Beixiang K257+300 3.0 7/26 North 50 52 Niejiagang K261+600 4.0 6/22 North 60 53 Shaojiapeng K263+300 4.4 9/40 North 80 54 Haojiazhuang K266+900 4.0 6/26 South 44 55 Lijiawan K269+900 3.0 7/30 South 32 56 Chenjiawan K270+300 8.0 6/25 North/South 30 57 Dongjiafan K277+000 5.7 12/50 North 70 58 Xiaowangying K273+750 2.8-5.3 19/68 South/North 25 59 Zhangwan K284+600 -4.0 7/29 North 50 Total 464/1809 Note: 1. Based on 1/2000 map. 2. Distance from the central line is defined as the distance the front row building to the central line of the proposed expressway. If there are the dismantling buildings for the Project, the front row building is defined as the first row of buildings exposed to the expressway. Hubei Provincial Communicauions Department 33 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Table 4.4-2 Environmentally Sensitive Spots along the Proposed Expressway (Sc ools and Hos itals) No. Names Piles No. Subgrade Teachers or staff/student Distance to height (m) central line (m) 1 Jinshenmiao primary K67+550 10.0 Total 190 teachers and South 70 school students 2 Taomiao primary K69+300 7.0 Total 200 teachers and North 40 school I_students 3 Yandian hospital K115+050 I With 65 staffs and 40 beds East 100 4 Changsong primary K119+250 -2 4 classes, 208 teachers and Northeast 90 school students 5 Jiuligang primary K185+400 4.0 8 classes, 230 teachers and South 80 school students 6 Duwan primary K210+600 2 3 classes, 48 teachers and West 80 school studengt, Primary School 7 Zhoutaicun primary K216+900 1.9 8 classes, total 300 South 80 school teachers and students 8 Lianhe primary K270+650 5.7 580 teachers and students South 120 school 9 Xiaowangying K274+250 6.2 12 classes, total 474 North 140 primary school teachers and students Total 2230 teachers and __ ___I__ _students, 40 sickbeds Note: 1. Based on 1/2000 map. Table 4.4-3 Environmentally Sensitive Spots along the Proposed Expressway (Major Rivers, Forest Park) No. Names Piles No. Remark I Huan River 1K72+335 No drinking water intakes in 10 km from Project area 2 Fu River K99+493 No drinking water intakes in 10 km from Project area 3 Jun River K170+350 Nearest water intake is 7 km upper reach 4 Yun River K175+700 There is a 20,000 t/d waterworks 1200 m downstream of the Yun bridge 5 Sha River K241+700 Not drinking water sources 6 Tangbai River K271+380 Not drinking water sources 7 Baizaoshan forest park K115+100 About 1.2 km to the proposed expressway and not 7 BaIzaoshan forest park I(115+100 within the scope of assessment 4.4.1 Acoustic Environment Quality Monitoring of Acoustic Environment Quality The current noise sources along the proposed alignment are human noise from villagers activities and traffic noise of existing country roads. Xiaogan, Suizhou and Xiangfan environmental monitoring stations were engaged to conduct the noise monitoring to obtain the existing noise baseline in the Project areas. Nine noise sensitive receptors along the proposed expressway alignrment were selected as representative sites for baseline noise monitoring. The measuring methods in Hubei Provincial Communications Department 34 I "Measuring Methods of Environmental Noise of Urban area"(GB/T14623-93) and "Acoustics Environment Measuring Methods"(GB/3222-94), which are issued by SEPA, were used in the monitoring program. The noise monitoring results are presented Table 4.4-4. Table 4.44 Monitoring Results of Ambient Noise along the Proposed Expressway No. Monitoring spots Pile No. Leq |A ig) Daytime Night 1 Shengjiawan village K52+400 44.0 39.7 3 Taomiao primary school K69+300 42.5 38.2 4 Yandian hospital KI 15+050 45.5 38.4 5 Pangjiashan village K181+850 48.9 39.8 6 Donggang village K237+700 48.8 37.9 7 Lianhe primary school K270+650 46.1 38.5 8 Xiaowangying village K273+500 43.6 37.0 9 Xiaowangying prinary school K274+150 47.0 38.2 Assessment of Acoustic Environment Quality It can be seen from Table 4.4-4 that the vast rural areas, including the villages, schools, and the hospital, are very quiet with high acoustic quality. The noise levels in daytime are ranging between 42.5 to 48.9 dB(A) and are lower than 40 dB(A) in nighttime. These values are the lower than the limiting value in Class 0 standard of GB3096-93, the most stringent noise standards. 4.4.2 Water Environment Quality Water Supply Sources Fu river is the source of water for residents of Anlu county and Yunmeng county, whereas Huan river is the source of water for Dowu county and Xiaogan city. There is however no water intake within 2 km upstream and downstream from the proposed Fu, Huan and Jun river bridges for the proposed expressway. There is a water purification plant 1200 m downstream from the proposed Yun river bridge. The design capacity of water of the plant is 20,000tlday. As this water plant could potentially affected by the construction of the bridge, it is thus considered a sensitive receptor during the EA. The nearest water intake to the proposed expressway alignment in Jun river is at 7 km upstream and the design capacity for the intake is also 20,000t/day. Water Quality Monitoring A monitoring program was conducted during the EA to provide baseline information for surface water quality for key rivers. The sampling locations were typically downstream from the proposed bridges or other activities which could potentially have adverse impacts to the surface water bodies. Pollutants monitored were those which could result from construction and camping activities during project construction (Table 4.4-5). Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 35 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Table 4.4-5 Water Sampling Locations and Pollutant Monitored No. Names of rivers Piles No. Pollutants Monitored I Huan River K72+335 2 Fu River K99+493 3 Jun River K175+700 SS, CODcr, Fuel Oil 4 Yun River K7+0 5 Sha River K241+700 6 Tangbai River K271+380 The water sampling time was December 1998, September 1999, June 1999, March 2000, June 2000 and November 2000, during the EA. The monitoring work was undertaken by the environmental monitoring station of Xiaogan, Suizhou and Xiangfan cities. All of the water sample was collected from the water surface layer. Analytic method used is listed in Table 4.4-6. Table 4.4-6 Analytical Methods of Water Sample Factors Analytic Methods Reference SS Gravimetric _ GB 119901-89 CODcr Permanaganate index method GBI1892-89 Fuel oil Ultraviolet spectrophotometer Monitoring and Analytic Methods for water and Wastewater Monitoring Results The monitoring results of surface water quality in the key water bodies along the proposed expressway are shown in Table 4.4-7. Table 4.4-7 Moni toring Results of Current Water Quality unit:mgAl River Sampling Date CODr Pollutants Monitore SS Oct. 1999 2.11 0.005 23.1 Jun. 1999 2.17 0.005 36.3 Huan River Sept. 1999 2.35 0.005 38.4 Mar. 2000 2.05 0.005 31.9 Jun.2000 2.11 0.005 33.6 Jun. 2001 2.39 0.005 26.1 Oct. 1998 4.14 0.035 89.5 Oct. 1998 3.55 0.028 65.5 Oct. 1998 4.01 0.025 75.3 Jun. 1999 4.04 0.021 78.4 Fu River Sept. 1999 6.52 0.031 75.6 Sept. 1999 5.98 0.041 62.3 Jun.2000 6.34 _ _89 Jun. 2000 4.04 45 Jun. 2001 4.14 _ _23 Oct. 1998 2.34 0.005 18.3 Jun. 1999 2.97 0.005 25.1 Jun River Sept. 1999 2.22 0.005 23.8 Mar. 2000 2.05 0.005 19.0 Jun. 2000 2.05 0.005 17.6 I Jun. 2001 2.17 0.005 22.9 Hfubei Provincial Communications Department 36 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Table 4.4-7 Monitoring Results of Current Water Quality unit:mg/l (Continued) River Sampling Date Pollutants Monitored River Sampling Date CODcr Oil SS Oct. 1998 3.1 0.025 11 Jun. 1999 3.1 0.019 25 Yun River Sept. 1999 3.6 0.014 8 Mar. 2000 3.0 0.025 17 Jun.2000 2.5 0.011 26 Jun. 2001 2.1 0.012 16 Jun. 2000 4.34 0.032 34 Sha River Nov. 2000 2.55 0.067 56 Nov.2000 5.11 0.045 84 Oct. 1998 5.38 0.069 70 Tangbai Jun. 1999 2.76 0.16 121 River Nov. 2000 4.24 0.078 16 Sep. 2001 4.11 0.059 35 Source: Provided by Xiaogan, Suizhou and Xiangfan Environmental Monitoring Stations. Comparing the monitoring results shown in Table 4.4-8 with the applicable surface water quality standards (Classification of Surface Water Function of Hubei Province and Irrigation Water Quality Standards for SS), it is clear that all sampled rivers sections were in compliance with the standards. This indicates good existing water quality at these surface water bodies (see Table 4.4-8). Table 4.4-8 Percena ge of Water Samples Meeting the Applicable Standards Rivers CODcr Oil SS Applicable Standards (mg/]) Huan River 100% 100% 100% Fu River 100% 100% 100% Jun River 100% 100% 100% Yun River 100% 100% 100% Sha River 100% 100% 100% Tangbai River 100% 100% 100% 4.4.3 Existing Ambient Air Quality Baseline Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Selected sensitive receptors such as villages (rural residence), schools and a hospital near the proposed expressway alignment were selected for sampling and testing for existing ambient air quality. The monitoring data will also represent the ambient air quality int eh Project area. The specific locations for air sampling and air-bome pollutants monitored are presented in Table 4.4-9. Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 37 Environmental Impact Assessment of Xiaogan-XiangfanExpressway Table 4.4-9 Monitoring Locations and Ambient Air Quality Items No. Monitoring Locations Piles No. Items I Shengiiawan village K52+400 NO,, TSP 2 Taomiao primary school K69+300 NO2 , TSP 3 Yandian Hospital KI 15+050 NO,, TSP 4 Pangjiashan Village K181+850 NOX, TSP 5 Zhoutaicun Primary school K216+900 NOx, TSP 6 Lianhe primary schoool K270+650 NOx, TSP 7 Xiaowangying village K273+500 NO,, TSP Methodology The air quality samples were collected in September 1999 and again in March.2000 for NO 2 , at the request of SEPA following its review of the EA TOR. At the time of sampling (September 1999), the weather was sunny and the average wind speed was 2.5 m/s. Each sampling period included five consecutive days of sampling. The monitoring work was undertaken by environmental monitoring stations of Xiaogan, Suizhou and Xiangfan cities. The methods for sampling and analysis and the equipment used were those required by the Technical Regulation of Monitoring for Ambient Air Quality, which was issued by the SEPA. Monitoring Results The air quality analytical results are presented in Table 4.4-10, Table 4.4-11 and Table 4.4-12 for NO,, N0 2 and TSP, respectively. At all monitoring locations, the hourly average concentrations of NO 2 is ranging between 0.007-0.027 mg/Nm3 , daily average, 0.009-0.015 mg/Nm3 , and five-day average, 0.0100.014 mg/Nm3 . All these concentrations are below the Class II standard limits in Air Quality Standard (GB3095-J 996) which are applicable to these locations. For NO,, the hourly average concentrations range between 0.004-0.034 mg/Nm 3 , daily average, 0.0060.030 mg/Nm3 , and five-day average, 0.007-0.018 mg/Nm3 , which are all below the applicable Class II standard limites in Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996). For TSP, the daily average concentration is ranging between 0.107-0.250 mg/Nm3 , five-day average, 0.120-0.204 mg/Nm3 , which are all below the applicable Class II standard limits in Air Quality Standard(GB3095-1996). The monitoring results are consistent with EA team site investigation during EA. On-site observation showed that there is no significant air emission source along the proposed expressway areas including areas close these sensitive receptors. The primarily rural Project area has a high ambient air quality. Hubei Provincial Communications Department 38 Environmental Impact Assessnzent of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Table 4.4-10 Monitoring Results of TSP Unit: mg/Nm3 Daily Avera e Concentration Average Sampling Locatons Day I Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Range standard (ecd) Values Shengjiawan village 0.206 0.164 0.197 0.189 0.192 0.164- 0 0.190 _____ ~~~~~~~~~~0.206 Taomiao primary 0.5 4 .3 .6 . 8 0.139- 0 0.158 school O155 0.141 0.139 0.165 0.188 0.188 0.158 Yandian Hospital 0.174 0.250 0.238 0.192 0.166 0.166- 0 0.204 ______0 .2 5 0 Zhoutaicun primary 0.107-00.2 school 0.129 0.107 0.112 0.121 0.130 0.130 0 0.120 Lianhevillage 0.134 0.139 0.136 0.110 0.140 0.110- 0 0.132 ______~~~0.140 Pangjiashanwan 0.131 0.140 0.130 0.140 0.110 0.110 0 0.130 ______0 .1 4 0 ______Xi aowangying 0 233 0.176 0.143 0.157 0.121 0 0.166 prim ary school I___I_I _ I______0.233 ______Source Xiaogan, Suizhou and Xiangfan Environmental Monitoring Stations. Hubei Provincial Communications Department 39 ELavit-o,z,ie,ilal ImpLIct Assessument oj A avgunm-A mamigjut Lkpressvasay Table 4.4-11 Monitoring Results of NO, Unit: mg/NM3 Instant concentration aily ave ge con entration Climate data Sanipling No. of % Five-day Average Average Average locations Nomof Range exceed Day I Day 2 Day3 Day 4 Day sampe 5 Range exceeding age Tiverr wind speed humidity ~~~standard standard aege(mis) ______Shengiiawan 20 0.0060O 0.013 0.012 0.010 0.012 0.012 0.01°3 0 0.012 22 ______~ ~10.020001 3.3 81% Yandian 20 0.005- 0 0.009 0.008 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.009- 0 0.010 22 2.9 82% Hospital 0.018 1 ______1_ 1 0.010I Lianhe 0.007- 00 Priniary 20 0 0.008 0.006 0.009 0.009 0.006 0.006- 0 0.0075 24 3.5 82% school 0.013 0.009 Pangjiashan 20 0.006- 0 0.008 0.006 0.007 0.009 0.006 0.006- 0 0.007 23 2.5 81% ______0.011 0.009 ______ Primary 20 0.006- 0 0.030 0.012 0.012 0.016 0.018 0.012- 0 0.018 25 2.1 82% school T003 0.0301 Source: Xiaogan, Suizhou and Xiangfan Environmental Monitoring Stations. 3 Table 4.4-12 Monitoring Results of NO 2 Unit: mg/Nm Instant concentration Daily avera e concentration _ _ Climate data No. of % Five-day Averag Average Average Locations sample Range exceed Day I Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Range exceed averay e T 'C wind speed humidity standurd______standard av r gm Cr/S Taomiao 0008- . 020 0.010 0.009 0.009 0.011 0.009 0.009- pnimar school 20 0.008-,01 0.010 29 3.3 83% Xiaowangying 20 0.008- 0 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.013 0..03 0_0.014 26 3.2 82% primary school f 0.027 ______0.015 _ .______Source: Xiaogan, Suizhou and Xiangfan Environmental Monitoring Stations. Humbei ProvincialCommunications Department 40 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Chapter 5 Environmental Impacts 5.1 Identification of Potential Environmental Impacts According to the project description, initial investigation of the Project sites and the immediate surrounding areas and environmental screening, major environmental impacts and degrees of severity are identified, which are listed in Table 5.1-1. Table 5.1-1 Potential Environmental Impact Types & Degrees Tvpes of Im acts Im act Severity Activities Potential impacts Re *b In- Long Short In- Un- Si nificant impact Reversible reversible term term significant certain jHjgh b Modestly sli2htlv Impact caused bv location of Project Modifying reduce flood V hydrology discharge capacity Resettlement Public disturbance / V Economic cost V Land utilization (benefits)______4 Environmental Reduce tourism V V aesthetics value Damage to Forest and wildlife V V V ecosystem disturbance _ Land resources Land resources loss V V 4 Construction phase__ Soil erosion Ecosystem damage, V V flooding Safety accidents Workers' well being V V 4 Epidemic Residents' health V V diseases and safety _ Construction Environmental CanpstrucUn sanitation, epidemic 4 4 4 camps diseases Hazardous Public health and 4 I/ materials environment _ Air Public health and 4 4 environment Noise Public health 4 4 4 Disturbing Damage to public V 4 public facilities facilities Disturbing Time and fuel waste 4 V J traffic . Operation phase Noise Public health 4 4 V Air pollution Public health and4 penvironment Continuous soil Ecosystem damage, V V 4 erosion flooding Surface ruoff Water pollution, 4 4 ______flooding______Hazardous Residents health materials spills and enviTonment Traffic jam at Time and fuel exits waste; air pollution V Sewage and waste oil from Water pollution 4 V 4 service zone, parking, etc. Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 41 Enivironm1enetal Impact Assessmleiit of Xiaogan -Xiang&na Expressw ay Table 5.1-2 Matrix of Potential Environmental Impacts Environmental elements Physical environment Biological environment Socio-economic environment TempoCry_ Engineeringelements j_ _ _ 0. 0 __. 0 _ _ V_ V OD Vi r) 'u. o o a _ Cr_9 wae_ ._._w." . a. " _. _ _ _ 7, : 9 t S i W ta -CD 0 - et eD~ tw 22 C - - L'- fCD iti Wor ft ft ~ ~ ~ ~ , -3 te;- ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 - a - CL~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C -orc aoc Temnporay roads 44 __ 44___4 !!~~~~~~~~~~~rdicrdn Sil = _1 = =3 V: 4at :R Proposed expressway 4 4 4 4 V' = M ErV 0 . _ 4 __ 4 4 4 Work 4 force sowree__ _ 0 4 __ 4 4 p~Construction camps _____ Ser-vice 4 4 4 4 rr~~~~Constr'ctis 0 ft D r 2' a* v J _ V V _ _---f V Vsi a sibteim -n ' 4s4 4 4 4 -= __ HuEatthberoswitg pits Comnunications4 42 4 Constructionsile 4 4 4 Constrction waste 4 4 Afforestatons 4 4 4 4 _ 4_ 44 4 Traffic 4 _ _ _ _4 4 0 4 4 o aintenance 4 4 44 Notc "1 '-visible impact; "void" -nut visible impact; "0"-uncertain impact. Hubei ProvincialConwmunications Depawuntettt 42 Environmenial Impact Assessment of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway 5.2 Impact on Ecological Environment 5.2.1 Soil Erosion During the construction period and the beginning of operation phase of the proposed expressway, the surface vegetation might be destroyed and the original land slope changed due to earth borrowing, slope cutting, treatment of special geological conditions and other disturbance of the soil surface for some sections. For example, it is estimated that some 30,649,700 m3 earth and stone works will be needed, indicating that soil erosion can not be avoided in the construction phase. As described in Chapter 4, major soil erosion within the proposed project areas is water erosion and the main erosion type is surface erosion. According to the physical condition and other factors, the time for soil erosion most likely to happen is in July, August and September when rainfalls and surface runoff are the highest in the year. The most likely soil erosion areas are cutting slopes, unpaved subgrade slopes, borrowing pits and other disturbed sites. Cut and Fill Balance The proposed expressway will go through areas with various terrain. A large of earth and stone will be needed for construction of road beds and other sub-grade layers. At the same time, earth will be removed from excavating sections and other construction sites. Where possible, earth removed from some sections will be used for backfill in other sections to minimize the need for earth borrowing and waste disposal. The balance of cut and fill for the Project construction is presented in Table 5.2-1. Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 43 L,. I I U(/II/r Ii.J I J,1IJILI .jIj&j.)JJ C'II! iJ .,,...,.,,, *rII, ... ..1,L.CA IIt' Table 5.2-1 Quantity Balance of Earth and Stonework unit:km3 . 3 Cut (xtO,00m ) Fill (xlO,OOm3) Earth Waste Disposal (xjO,00m3 ) borrow(x1 0,00m 3) Region Piles No Earth Stone Earth Stone Earth No. of Earth Stone No. of Borrow disposal ______sitess _____site site s Xiaonan K50+500-k8l+370 242.14 5002.76 4760.617 Yunmeng K81+370-k94+250 166.91 47.73 1675.52 47.73 1508.610 l Anlu K94+250--k131+550 1280.76 1200.45 4802.64 1200.45 3521.883 Suizhou K131+550-k202+330 4412.96 6617.59 7164.25 5230.35 2863.022 111.734 1387.243 Zaoyang K202+330-k258+000 1972.86 554.22 5470.21 295.60 3510.435 13.083 258.619 Xiangyang K258+000-k293t300 1220.63 4348.29 3202.546 74.792 Total K50+500-k293+300 9296.25 8419.99 28463.66 6774.13 19367.01 104 199.61 1645.86 33 * (--) stands for the number of stone disposal pits. Hubei ProvincialCommunications Deparimenll 44 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Soil Conservation The proposed expressway will go through certain areas designated for soil conservation. Following the expressway construction, these area will lose their soil conservation ability. It is estimated that the total affected such areas will be 23.99 km2 and their locations are presented Table 5.2-2. Table 5.2-2 Areas of Soil Conservation to be Affected Construction Length Affected Proportion to total activities Cut or fill (km) Width (i) areas (m 2 affected areas (%) Cut section 58.2 64.9 3,776,900 15.75 Fill section 95.90 53.30 5,111,500 21.31 Cut/fill section 76.32 59.10 451.05 18.8 lenandn Auxiliary 288,000 1.20 lacqiind engineering lacquiind Bridges & culverts 13.12 393,600 1.64 Connecting roads 36.67 74.89 3.12 Sub-total 14,829,300 61.83 Borrowing pits 104 4,952,748 20.42 Disposal sites 33 487,100 2.03 land occupied Other temporary 3,771,400 15.73 lacc nu dpie odareas______Sub-total 9,156,500 38.17 Total 23,985,800 100 Baseline Soil Erosion The proposed expressway will occupy soil conservation area for 23.986 km2. According to the Map of Current Soil Erosion Situation, 9,927,400 m2 or 42.7 percent of the total is classified as light erosion area, 7,090,700 m2 or 30.5 percent as moderate erosion areas, and 6,213,900 mr or 26.8 percent as heavy erosion areas. Accord with the Technical Specification of Water and Soil Conservation and the experience of water and soil conservation work in the middle reach of Han River and Tongbai Mountain, the soil erosion module is 500 t/km2a in light erosion area, 1500 t/km2 a in moderate erosion area, 3500 t/km2 a in heavy erosion area and 5000 t/km2a in intense erosion area. Based on these data, the baseline soil erosion amount can be calculated and the results show that there totally are 37,347.92 t baseline soil erosion in the project areas under "no project" scenario. Of this amount, 6054.6 t from the cut sections, 8194.09 t from fill sections, 7230.71 t from cut-fill sections, 630.97 t from bridge and culvert sections, 461.69 t from sections with affiliated engineering works, 1287.77 t from connecting roads, 7851.88 t from borrow pits, 780.86 t from disposal sites and 6045.9 t from sections of other temporary engineering works. The total soil erosion amount within the construction phase is projected to be 256,900 t. Soil Erosion Projection Model Hubei Provincial Communications Department 45 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway The general formula recommended by US Department of Agriculture for assessing the intensity of soil erosion is adopted for soil erosion projects for the expressway construction. The model is: E=R* K* Ls. C - P ...... (Formula 5.2.1) Where: E: Erosion strength, t/ha.a; R: Erosion factor of average precipitation; K: Soil erodable factor; Ls: Topographic factor, (slope length and gradient); C: Vegetation cover factor; and P: Soil conservation factor. Based on the site conditions, the values for each of these factors in the model are determined, as shown in Table 5.2-3. Table 5.2-3 Values of the factors in the soil erosion projection model Factors Values Remarks R 88.1 R=XE 1.735x 10(. 5>g(Pi2/pO))4 8188,Pi_monthly average precipitation, PO-annual average precipitation K 42t1km2 According to WM model chart 1 Ls 1.79 Ls=0.067L° 8 0 1.3; L-slope length, 200m; 0 -slope degree, 60 C I Uncovered ground P I Usually P=0.25-1, The projection periods are divided into construction period of May 2002 to December 2005 and operation period of 3 years after the expressway opens to traffic. The projected results using the above model for each of the construction sections during the construction phase are presented in Table 5.2-4. Table 5.2-4 Results of Soil Erosion Prediction in Construction Phase Construction Section Annual Soil Erosion Total Soil Erosion Soil Erosion Above Volume (t/a) Volume (t) the Baseline (t Cut sections 30,273.00 111,001.00 104,946.4 Fill sections 24,582.28 90,135.02 81,940.93 Cut-fill sections 28,922.84 106,050.41 98,819.70 Bridge seciions 1261.94 4627.13 3996.16 Connecting roads 5151.07 18,887.25 17,599.49 Auxiliary engineering works 2077.59 7617.83 71,56.15 Borrowing pits 47,111.30 172,741.44 164,889.56 Disposal sites 54,66.02 20,042.07 19,261.21 Other temporary areas 25,59.96 91,886.51 85,840.61 Average erosion intensity 6623.4 (t/km2 a) Total 169,906.00 622,988.67 584,450.21 In the early stage of operation, the pavement, part of expressway side slopes and some affiliated engineer works are covered by concrete and can thus be regarded as non-erosion region and the erosion from these areas is projected to be nil. The amount of field, forcst and grass rehabilitation will be 2.8186 km2, which will Hubei Provincial Communications Department 46 Environnzenial Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway greatly stabilize the soil surface and reduce the soil erosion intensity. The soil erosion control efficiency in these areas will increase gradually. According to the research result of the Academy of Sciences of China, the erosion control efficiency of vegetation in different years of growth is shown in Table 5.2-5. Table 5.2-5 Efficiency of Vegetation as Erosion Control Measures Items | First year I Second year Third year After the first 3 years Vegetation coverage % 10-40 20-60 4090 >60->90 Erosion reduction % 20-55 40-80 60-98 80-100 It can be seen from above tables that serious soil erosion will occur in areas alongside the expressway during the construction phase. The potential erosion intensity will reach the level of 6623.4 t/km2a, significantly higher than the current erosion level. The modeling result shows that nearly 94% of the total projected erosion during the 3.5 years construction period will be caused by the construction activities. As the landscaping or vegetation cannot restore the areas to their original conditions immediately, the increased soil erosion is expected to continue at the initial expressway service phase. Therefore, the control of soil erosion even during construction cannot be neglected. The construction units should emphasize the control and vegetation restore work, such as construction of retaining walls, drainage ditches, settling ponds, etc, and these measures should be taken as early as possible. The special mitigation measures are discussed in detail in Chapter 7. Erosion will slow down after the completion of the proposed 1,583,940 m3 drainage control engineering works, restoration of plants and grass at temporarily used land and sites/piles for earth excavating/waste and laying of pavement which are parts of the Project. Within three to five years of operation, the soil erosion which will be serious in construction phase is expected to recover to the pre- construction level. In addition, the improvement and afforestation of roadside areas, the soil erosion along the alignment will eventually be alleviated and reduced from the current levels. In general, the soil erosion during the Project construction phase will be serious but it will be short termed, limited mostly to the period of construction and probably 2-3 years immediately after. Over the long term, the expressway construction will reduce the soil erosion in the Project areas which will be paved, landscaped or otherwise stabilized as part of the Project construction. 5.2.2 Impact of Borrow Pits and Disposal Sites A large amount of earth will be needed for subgrade construction of the proposed expressway, as shown in Table 5.2-1. Although plans have been made to use the earth from the excavation or cut sections for the fill section as much as possible, extra 19,367x1 03 m3 earth will still be needed. The earth will come from earth borrow pits along side the expressway alignment, according to the principle of "availability of earth, feasibility of transport and protection of the biological Hubei Provincial Communications Department 47 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway environment". A total of 104 earth borrowing pits have been selected and they will temporarily occupy 7425.4 muof land (see Table 7.1-1), of which 7280.4 mu will be dry land and 145 mu, hilly land. The quantity of discarded earth and stone from the proposed expressway construction will be significant. The total amount of discharged earth and stone is 1,845,470 m3 , including 199,610 m3 of discarded earth, 1,645,860 m3 of stones (see Table 5.2-1). All of those discarded stone and earth will be stacked at the disposal sites near the expressway alignment. There will be a total of 5 permanent earth disposal sites and 28 stone disposal sites along the alignment. In total they will occupy 730.2 mu of land including 610 mu of dry land and 120.2 mu of hilly land. Borrow and disposal areas, which are the sources and destination for expressway sources materials and waste materials, can have substantial environmental impacts on soils, water, and the natural environment. Key significant environmental problems can develop if these sites are not rehabilitated. Impacts range from chronic erosion and siltation, loss of agricultural land, to air quality and noise during site usage, as well as permnanent visual and aesthetic intrusion if rehabilitation is neglected. 5.2.3 Impact on Vegetation Vegetation on the ground of the Project area will be removed immediately following engineering activities such as ground leveling during site preparation period, earth removal from borrowing pits, operation of disposal sites, and mechanical compaction and trampling during construction period, etc. Vegetation damage will result in instability of the surface soil and additional soil erosion, as well as adverse effects on the agricultural and ecological environment. The damage of vegetation could also affect irrigation systems of the region due to the instability of surface soil around the systems. As the terrain, topography and land uses vary along the proposed expressway, requirements for cuts and fills and land preparation, and thus, the damage on vegetation differ as well. The permanent land occupation for expressway construction will cause a loss of 19,471 mu of farmland and 4,521 mu for woodland including tea and fruit orchards. However, compared with the total agricultural land in the Project areas, that occupied by the Project and thus the impacts to the area agriculture is light. After Project completion, pavements and new landscaping of the affected areas with lawns and trees will replace current vegetation on those permanently occupied land. A large proportion of the newly planted vegetation will be indeciduous, providing better vegetation coverage of the site year round than the current vegetation levels. Temporary land uses such as the borrow pits, disposal sites and temporary access roads will be rehabilitated by soil coverage and vegetation plantation. Therefore, when the construction is completed, Hubei Provincial Communications Department 48 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway the current vegetation damaged due to the Project construction will largely be recovered, resulting in no significant adverse effect on the ground vegetation and soils of the areas along the alignment over the long terms. As more than 20,000 mu of agricultural and orchard land will be occupied by the Project, there will no doubt be a reduction in agricultural and orchards throughput in the Project areas. However, the proposed expressway is located in plains and moderate hilly areas with abundant farmland, woodland and orchards. The loss will be relatively minor. In addition, irrigation systems in the Project areas are well developed providing good agricultural infrastructure for farming and other agricultural activities. The expressway construction which consists mostly of simple excavation and fill in a narrow corridor no major discharge of pollutants during construction or operation period is not expected to change significantly the agricultural activities in the Project area. There is no plan or need to use pesticide within the expressway alignment and the immnediately adjacent areas. After expressway completion, landscaping on the central separation media, side slopes and interchange areas will compensate part of the lost biomass. The expressway vegetation and landscaping will help improve the ecological conditions within the road boundaries as well as those of the roadsides. 5.2.4 Impact on Natural Reserves and Forest Parks The proposed expressway is 6 km away from the Anlu ancient ginkgo conservation area. There are continuous hills in between the expressway and the conservation area with abundant vegetation. Impacts of traffic noise, air pollution, visual impacts and disturbance of the local eco-system to the ginkgo reserve areas can be neglected. The proposed expressway is about 1.2 km away from the Baizhaoshan Natural Forest Park at its nearest point. All forests and the ecological systems of the park belong to the Baizhaoshan mountain, which is a completely different and separate eco-system from that of south side of the Yandian (town) where the proposed expressway passes. According to their relative locations and ecological types, the proposed expressway will impose no direct impacts on the ecological system of the Baizhaoshan Natural Forest Park which is theme park with few native forest or wild animals. Adequate distance for noise attenuation and automobile exhaust emission disperse will also minimize any impacts from the traffic on the expressway. Meanwhile, since there are clear transitional boundaries among the ecological types, the proposed expressway will not visually affect the forest park. According to the relevant guidelines, there is no natural habitats as defined by OP4.04 and a full natural habitats assessment is not triggered. The project does not go through or near any of the sites identified in the Bio-diversity Review of China (WWF, 1996) and Directory of China's Wet Lands (IUCN, 1989). Hubei Provincial Communications Department 49 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment ofXiaogan-XiangfanExpressway 5.3 Impact Analysis of Water Environment 5.3.1 Impact on Flood Discharge Rivers in the Project areas such as Huan river (K72+335), Fu river (K99+493, extra-large bridge), Yun river (K175+700), Jun river (K170+700), Sha river (K241+700) and Tangbai river (K271+380), extra-large bridges crossed by the proposed expressway are the key regional flood discharge watercourses. To avoid impacting adversely flood discharge, bridges and culverts have been designed under a high technical standard (300 years flood for extra-large bridges and 100 years flood for others). Any impacts on the flood discharges through these waterways will be minimized under such designs. 5.3.2 Impact on Water Quality in Construction Phase The following aspects will cause water pollution: Sanitary sewage and garbage from construction workers Construction camps are scattered close to townships adjacent to the expressway construction sites. On average each construction camp will have about 200 to 300 workers during the peak construction periods which last about 3-5 years. It is estimated that such a camp will generate 2-3 tones of sanitary sewage per day. In addition, the camps will also generate a certain of municipal solid waste or garbage each day. Where possible, the sewage will be discharged to the municipal sewers in the townships where the camps are located and the solid waste will be collected by local solid waste collection services and disposed of in local landfills. If, however, these pollutants are not so controlled and be discharged directly into nearby rivers, particularly small creeks and irrigation channels where dilution and assimilative capacity of the receiving water bodies are limited, the water body will be seriously polluted. The consequence could be dissolved oxygen depletion, odor, discoloration and pathogenic bacteria pollution in the receiving water bodies which could affect adversely the aquatic life and eco-system, the health of the residents who live near and rely on the water bodies, and the crops watered by affected the irrigation channels. Large bridges construction The construction of bridge piers and columns will disturb the river sediments, resulting in increase in suspended solids in the river sections immediately adjacent to the bridge construction sites. The increase in suspected solids will however be short termed and limited only to a short distance downstream. Once the construction activities stop or the river flow beyond a certain distance, the solid suspended by the construction activities will be settled and the impacts disappeared. Among the potentially affected rivers, Yun river has a water intake close to the bridge construction site, which is about 1200 meters downstream. Although it is relatively close, the impacts of suspended sediments due to bridge Hubei Provincial Communications Department 50 Environmental Impact Assessmenm ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway construction is unlikely to affect this water intake as the sediments will settle to the river bed again prior to reaching this point. The bridge construction activities could also potentially cause contamination of oil to the rivers, from leaks and accidental spills of oil from construction machinery. If the construction site has no environmental management system in place, the risk of such contamnination is high. The result of such leaks or spills will be increase oil concentration in the rivers beyond applicable standards. As the oil may not degrade for a long time, the impact a long stretch of rivers affected, including any water intakes downstream from the bridge construction sites. Potential risks also exist for the storage, transport and handling of construction materials, such as asphalt, oils and other chemical substances. Mis-management or accidental spills of these materials could potentially result in the release of them into water bodies causing water quality contamination. Mitigation measures to reduce the risks are discussed in Chapter 7 later. 5.3.3 Impact of Water during Operation Phase Service Stations and Parking One major source of water contamination during the expressway operation phase is the service stations and parking zones. Wastewater discharge volume at service stations and parking zones can be estimated as follows: For domestic wastewater Q,=(KqVD)/l 00 where: Qs: the discharge of domestic wastewater, t/day; qi: daily volume of domestic wastewater per person, 150 L/person/day; VI: number of people. A service zone is assumed to have an equivalent 260 people, (30 for restaurants and inns, 30 for gas station and maintenance station, and 200 for people in transit). A parking zone is assumed to have an equivalent 55 people including 10 for small dining rooms and small shops; 5 for parking area and gas station; and 40 for mobile people). K: the discharge coefficient of the service region, assumed to be 0.8. Using the above formula, the wastewater generation is calculated and the result presented in Table 5.3- 1. The pollutant concentrations in domestic sewage are respectively 500 mg/L for CODcr, 220 mg/L for BOD5, 220mg/L for SS, and 100mg/L for mineral oils which are typical for wastewater generated from similar facilities. In addition, the car washing operations will generate a certain amount of wastewater, assuming in this analysis to be 300 L per light vehicle, 450 L per bus or truck. It is further assumed that 2 percent of all motor vehicles passing through the Project expressway will stop and undertake car washing. Long-terrn (year 2025) Hubei Provincial Communications Department 51 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway traffic volume at the section where Xiaogan service station locates will be 52,398 vehicles per day, Anlu 48,936 vehicles per day, Suizhou 47,561 vehicles a day, and Zaoyang 46,408 vehicles per day. Small passenger vehicles are assumed to account for 39.8 percent of the total traffic volume. Lastly, the recycle rate of car washing operation is assumed to be 75 percent. The wastewater generated from car washing operation is calculated based on the above assumptions and the result is also presented in Table 5.3-1. The pollutant concentrations of the car washing wastewater are 200 mg/L for CODc, 2000 mg/L for SS, and 30 mg/L for mineral oil, based on wastewater generated from similar facilities elsewhere. Table 5.3-1 Wastewater Discharge Condition at Service Stations and Parking Zone Sanitary Car washing Quantity of pollutants (kg/d_ Facility Wastewater wastewater Pollutants Sanitary Car washing Total (t/day) (t/day) Wastewater Wastewater | CODcr 13.4-15.6 16.0-18.6 29.434.2 Service 27_6_31_2_821928_BOD_ 5.9-6 9 3.7_4.3 9.6-11.2 stations 27.6-31.2 82.1S-92.8 SS 5.9-6.9 159.6-185.6 165.5-192.5 Mineral oil 2.7-3.1 2.4-2.8 5.1-5.9 CODcr 3-3.3 18.1-20.3 21.1-23.6 Parking 5.8-6.6 90.6-101.4 BOD5 1.3-1.5 4.2-4.7 5.5-6.2 zones SS 1.3-1.5 181.2-202.8 182.5-204.3 Mineral oil 0.6-0.7 2.7-3.0 3.3-3.7 All discharge has to achieve the Class I in Integrated Wastewater discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) before entering into receiving water bodies. If the receiving water is to be used for irrigation of farmland, the water bodies, after receiving the discharges, must meet the standard of Standard of Farm Water Irrigation Quality (GB5084-92). To achieve these standards, wastewater treatment facilities at the service stations and parking zones need to be built, which is discussed in details in the mitigation chapter (Chapter 7) of this report. Pavement Runoff In the operation phase of the Project, particles/dusts, organic materials and mineral oil will be present on the road surface due to the motor vehicle movement and accidental spills. When it rains, especially the beginning of rains following a long dry period, the surface runoff will pick up these materials from the pavement and the runoff will therefore contain SS, COD/BOD and mineral oil. The surface runoff will pose risk of contamination to rivers near the expressway when it discharges into the receiving water. Many factors can be related to pollutant concentrations in the runoff, such as traffic density at rainfall, dust deposit and the period of time of the dry weather prior to rains, etc. These factors tend to vary greatly with little fixed pattern. Taking the test results conducted by other operating expressway companies, this Hubei Provincial Communications Department 52 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment ofXioogan-Xiangfan Expressway EA estimated the average values of SS of 100 mg/l and mineral oil of 7 mg/I, 120 minutes after a rainy event. The quantities of pollutants in the surface runoff received by the key sensitive receiving water bodies are based on the estimated volume of the runoff received by the rivers through catchment areas and precipitation, as show in Table 5.3-2. Table 5.3-2 Received Volume of Runoff by Rivers Rivers Annual average Catchment Catchment Runoff Average river precipitation (mm/a) (length, m) (width, m) (m3/d) flow (m3/s) Fu river 1,088.8 4,000 26 284.9 79.3 Huan river 1,074.8 3,300 26 235.0 40.6 Yun river 1,088.8 2,500 26 178.1 33.3 The surface runoff with the most impacts to the river is that entering the rivers from the surface and both ends of the bridges (surface runoff from other section of expressway will take much longer routes to the river or may never enter the rivers). Furthermore, contaminants in the surface runoff may not biodegrade quickly and thus the following dilution model is used to predict the impact of the surface runoff to the receiving rivers. C=(QI * CI+Qo- Co)/(QI+QO) Where: C: pollutant concentration at predicted section, mg/I; Ql, river flow, m3/s, which can be averaged over a number of years; Qo: discharge rate of runoff, m3/s; Cl: baseline concentration of a given pollutant in the river, mg/l; CO: concentration of the same pollutant in the surface runoff, mg/I. The results of the above model are shown in Table 5.3-3. Table 5.3-3 Prediction of River Contamination by Initial Surface Runoff unit: mg/1 Huan river Fu river Yun river Pollutant Base Predicted Increased Base Predicted Increased Base Predicted Increased line by line by line by SS 27.5 27.6 0.1 83.9 83.92 0.02 14 14.1 0.1 Mineral 0.00 0.016 0.011 0.028 0.035 0.007 0.02 0.035 0.01 oil 5 __ _5 BOD5h - - - 2.86 2.92 0.06 - I - Table 6-8 shows that the pavement runoff will have little impact on the water quality in the receiving rivers and will not change the original class of water quality. This is mainly due to the enormous dilution capacity of these rivers compared with the volume of the surface runoff generated. 5.3.4 Hazardous Materials Transportation The risk arising from hazardous materials transportation on the expressway arises mainly from traffic accidents, which may cause explosion, fire, leakage andlor Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 53 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Erpressway spills of the hazardous materials involved. Major rivers crossed by the proposed expressway can be threatened by such a risk. To assess the risk, the probability of traffic accidents on the expressway sections near rivers is projected first through following model: P=QOXQ1 XQ 2 XQ 3 XQ 4 Where: P: the probability of pollution in important sections of the nearby water system; Qo: the current probability of major vehicle accidents, times/mnillion vehicles/km; Q I: absolute traffic volume for the predicted year, million/year; Q2: percentage of vehicles with toxic and hazardous materials or goods (%); Q3: length of concerned water area, km; Q4: ratio of accident probability compared to normal roads. From traffic accident statistics of the Guangzhou-Huizhou Expressway, as shown in Table 5.4-4, the average number of traffic accidents per year is 950 over a seven-year period. As this expressway is 180 km long with an average traffic volume of 14,500 cars equivalent, an average traffic accident probability is therefore calculated to be 0.225 per million vehicles per km per year. Table 5.3-4 Traffic Accidents Statistics for Guangzhou-Huizhou Expressway in Recent Years Years 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 Average Occurrenceofaccidents (time/a) 1 850 | 866 7 921 1180 1013 887 932 950 Additionally, traffic accident probability on NH316 between 1993 and 1999 was almost the same as that on Guangzhou-Huizhou expressway, at about 0.225 times/million vehicles/km. Therefore, Qo of the model is assumed to be 0.225 vehicles/million vehicles/km in this assessment. The traffic volume, a forecast taken from the Project feasibility study report for the Project is presented in Table 5.3-5 below, which will be used as Q, in the model. Table 5.3-5 Q, Values on Different Sections (million vehicles/a) 2005 2010 2015 2020 Huan iver bidge 5.05 6.75 15.48 18.95 Furiverbridge 3.85 6.50 14.55 17.69 Yun river 4.196 6.892 13.703 16.842 Tangbai river 3.680 6.945 15.260 19.079 The motor vehicles loaded with chemicals, pesticide, fuel oils and other hazardous materials accounts for about 5.8 percent of the total traffic volume based on the statistics of the current traffic, so Q2 is assumed to be 5.8%. The lengths of the concerned water systems, Q3, are presented in Chapter 2. Hubei Provincial Communications Department 54 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway As the traffic accident probability on the expressway is normally 0.25 times higher than that of regular roads, so 0.25 is assumed for Q4. With the above assumptions and estimations for various factors in the prediction model, the traffic accidents involving hazardous materials are calculated and the results are presented in Table 5.3-6. Table 5.3-6 The Predicted Probability of Traffic Accident in Different Water Areas Bridges Length of water Predicted numbers of accidents (time/a) area (m) 2005 2010 2020 2025 Huan river bridge 316 0.00525 0.007 0.016 0.0195 Furiverbridge 626 0.00775 0.01325 0.02975 0.03625 Yun river bridge 130 0.002 0.003 0.006 0.007 Tangbai Tiver 1 046 0.012 0.024 0.052 0.065 b ridg e I ______I______I______I______ The prediction results indicate that there exists a very small probability of traffic accidents for motor vehicles loaded with hazardous materials crossing the rivers. Such accidents are nevertheless still likely to happen at these sensitive locations. If they do happen, serious consequence may occur to water quality, aquatic life and eco-siystem, health and safety of the people living downstream from the accident locations. Therefore, necessary engineering and management measures shall be implemented to prevent accidents from happening, and contingency plans developed to contain the damage to the rivers to the minimum. 5.4 Noise Impacts 5.4.1 Noise Impacts during Construction Phase 5.4.1.1 Noise Sources The main noise sources in the construction phase will be construction machinery and transportation vehicles. Noise levels from these sources are usually high but random. With the construction phase lasting as long as 3.5 years, the noise, if uncontrolled, would seriously disturb the nearby villages, schools and hospitals as well as construction workers. The following construction machinery will be frequently used at the construction sites: dragline excavator, caterpillar bulldozer, wheeled loading machine, automatic land levelers, vibration road roller, asphalt tedder and mixers, and power generators. The transport vehicles mostly used are self-loading trucks. The usage of these machinery and vehicles is estimated to be between 2500-1,000,000 in shift/times. Table 5.4-1 lists measured noise levels of construction machinery to be used for construction of the proposed expressway. Hubei Provincial Communications Department 55 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Table 5.4-1 Measured Noise Levels of Construction Machines No. Machinery Type Distance from Peak noise operating machines levels (dB(A)) (m) I Wheel type loader ZL40 5 90 2 Wheel type loader ZL50 5 90 3 Land leveler PY160A L 5 90 4 Vibratory roller YZJIOB 5 86 5 Double vibratory roller CC21 5 81 6 Triple wheel roller 5 81 7 Tyre roller ZL16 5 76 8 Bulldozer T140 5 86 9 Tyred hydraulic excavator W4-60C 5 84 10. Paver (UK) Fifond31 1ABGCO 5 82 1I Paver (former W. Germany) VOGELE 5 87 12 Generators (two sets) 1 98 13 Srike type driller 22 1 87 14 Cone rotary concrete mixer JZC350 I 79 15 Auto-unloading vehicle 1 82 Source: "Specifications of Assessing Environmental Impact of Expressway Construction "(ITJI05-96) 5.4.1.2 Impact Assessment Construction Machinery The noise levels at varied distances from the construction machinery or vehicles have been derived from a "noise attenuation model" which is based on an individual noise source and the results are listed in Table 5.4-2. Table 5.4-2 Noise Levels at Different Distances for Ma-or Machine and Vehicles dB(A) Machinery tom 20m 40m 60m 80m IlOOm 150m 200m 300m Excavater 78 72 66 62.5 60 58 54.5 52 48.5 Balldozer 80 74 68 64.5 62 60 56.5 54 50.5 Loading machine 84 78 72 68.5 66 64 60.5 58 54.6 Leveller 84 78 72 68.5 66 64 60.5 58 54.6 Roller 80 74 68 64.5 62 60 56.5 54 50.5 Tedder 81 75 69 65.5 63 61 57.5 55 51.5 Mixer 81 75 69 65.5 63 61 57.5 55 51.5 Auto-loading 76 70 64 60.4 58 56 52.5 50 46.4 v eh icle______ The "Noise Limit at Construction Work Sites (GB12523-90), requires that the day time peak noise level be controlled between 70 and 75 dB(A), night time noise, 55 dB(A). Table 5.4-2 indicates that the noise levels at about 40 meters from the point source can meet the noise standards during the daytime. The distance will be about 200 meters at nighttime in order to meet the standards. The above distances are for the cases where single machinery is in operation. It is necessary to consider the compounded impacts in which multiple machinery operate simultaneously. For instance, with two machinery working at the same Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 56 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway time, a minimum of 55 meters from construction sites for daytime and 250 meters for night time, respectively, will be required to ensure the noise levels in compliance with the standards. There are only very small number of residents who live within the 55 m boundary from the construction sites. According to the above noise level calculations, the daytime noise disturbance to the surrounding areas is relatively small. But the impact will be apparent for eight schools and one hospital that are located close to the construction sites and that are noise sensitive. At night, the noise disturbance will be significant to local residents in the adjacent area, even more so to large villages such as Xiaowangying, Qiaotouwan and Xiaotongjiawan that have already been subject to noise from nearby railways. During expressway construction, machinery noise will be generally higher than 80 dB(A) and in some cases as high 90 to 100 dB(A). The pile drillers can cause noise beyond 100 dB(A). Such noise levels will severely damage the hearing of construction workers, especially the machinery operators. Without effective measures to protect the workers, the damage to their health would be apparent and can get worse as they age. The impacts can be more serious as noise-induced deaf has no cure with the present medicines. In order to meet the requirements of Noise Limit at Construction Worksite (GB12523-90) and Noise Health Standardfor Industrial Enterprise, contractors must take effective engineering and managerial measures to control the impact of noise on the surroundings and the worker involved. Transportation on the Access Roads This Project will need 27,387 m3 of timber, 10x104 tons of steel, 1,047,029 ton of cement, 160,023 tons of asphalt, and 37,083,000 m3 of and earth and stones. Over the 3.5 years construction period, there will be an increase of 200 heavy duty trucks on each of the fourteen major access roads to be used by the construction. At present, a major parallel road near to the proposed expressway is NH 316, which has a daily traffic volume of 5490 trucks or cars. The average daily traffic volumes for other roads in the Project area are between 650 and 4000 trucks or cars. In the construction phase of the proposed expressway, the daily traffic volume will increase on average to 850-5,690 trucks or cars on these roads. The noise levels around the major roads during the construction phase of the expressway are predicted and listed in Table 5.4-3. Table 5.4-3 Prediction Noise Levels of NH316 During the Construction Phase Years Time Distance to the road (m) 0 20 40 60 80 100 200 Daytime 67.5- 59.8- 56.9- 54.7- 53.0- 51.8- 45.9- 2001- 2005 76.2 70.5 67.2 65.1 63.6 62.4 56.8 Nightime 60.3- 53.7- 50.1- 48.5- 47.2- 46.3- 43.2- ______68.7 61.7 58.6 56.9 55.0 54.2 49.6 Hubei Provincial CommunicationsDepartment 57 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway On the basis of these estimates shown in Table 5.4-3, the noises levels at 0-25 m and beyond from the roads will in general meet the standards at daytime. The road side noise will exceed the standards at night time but it will attenuate and reach the standards at about 15-80 m from the roads during the construction phase of the Project. 5.4.2 Noise Impacts during Operation Phase 5.4.2.1 Noise Prediction Models The models Following a comparison of various noise prediction models used in China and aboard and considering the conditions of the Project, noise prediction models recommended by Specifications for Environmental Impact Assessment of Expressway Projects are adopted in this EA. For a given type motor vehicle, the noise level recorded at a measuring spot is predicted by the following model: (L,);= L,i +-IOIg(V T- ALd, + ALloe,rdind l,,pc+ AL, srf1 - 13 Where (LA ); Per hour traffic noise level, (dB(A)); Lt..i: Average radiation noise level of type I vehicle, (dB(A)); Ni: Average hourly traffic volume of type I vehicle, vehicle/hour; vi Average vehicle speed per hour, km/h; T prediction time for LAS, T=1 hour; AL, Noise level attenuation for type I vehicles at daytime and nightime at the spot which is r meters from noise equivalent driving line, (dB(A)); AL_ _ Traffic noise correction caused by road longitudinal slope, (dB(A)); AL,a ' Traffic noise correction caused by pavement, (dB(A)). For multiple types of motor vehicles, traffic noise received at the receiving spot in the daytime and nighttime is predicted by the following model: (LAeq)fraffic = lOlg[1QI(L._)t +lO.I(LA1)M +lOo1(LA~)s -ALl - AL2 Hubei Provincial Communications Department 58 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Where: AL, : Traffic noise correction caused by configuration of the expressway, (dB(A)); AL2 : Traffic noise correction caused by barriers between expressway and the prediction spot, (dB(A)); The ambient noise received at the predicting spot is determined by the following model: = Olg[101.'lL_1_ +10,IIL_)_] Where: (LA. ::The prediction value of traffic noise at predicting spot in daytime and at night, (dB(A)); (LAC )b.&d: The background noise level during the predicting time, (dB(A)); Determination of model parameters Based on the information provided by the Project feasibility report, the traffic volumes are predicted for 14 sections, as shown in Table 3.4- 1. Motor vehicles may be classified into three types according to their noise levels: light vehicle, medium duty vehicle and heavy duty vehicle, as defined in Table 5.4-4. Table 5.44 Types of Vehicle Type Deinition Light Trucks <2.5t; buses <26 seats including small motor bikes and tri-motors Medium-duty Trucks 2.5-7t; buses 26-55 seats Heavy-duty Trucks >7t; buses, >55 seats; trailers Using the above definitions and based on traffic volume forecast by the Project feasibility study, the motor vehicle type distribution is determined to be (light: medium: heavy) 45.9:26.6:27.5 by year of 2005, 49.1:23.8:27.1 by year of 2010, and 52.9:20.9:26.2 by year of 2025. The following formula is used for calculating the light motor vehicle speed: V, =237X-'z Where: X. hourly traffic volume of light motor vehicles based on the annual average traffic volume forecast; (vehicle and times/h); The following formula for calculating the speed of medium vehicle v,, = 212X - '4' where: X: hourly traffic volume of medium-duty motor vehicle based on the annual average traffic forecast; (vehicle and times/h); Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 59 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway The following formula is used for calculating the speed of heavy-duty motor vehicles: V. = V,x 80% where: x,,: the average speed of medium-duty vehicle, km/h; Noise disperse levels Lw, I (dB(A)) is calculated using the following formula of various types of motor vehicles: For light vehicle: L,. 5 = 59.3 + 0.23V, For medium vehicle: Lt, = 62.6 + 0.32v For heavy vehicle: LW,I = 77.2 + 0.1 8VL Noise attenuation at different distances for calculating the spacing of type I vehicle in daytime and at night is calculated as follows: 20K, (Kz O.5d, + Ig r. - 7 0.5d, when r d,1/2 ALd,,j.,J==KK,20Ig(r,17.5) when r2 Where: d; = Io0ov;O N, distances between traveling motor vehicles, m r2: is the distance to the equivalent traveling line is calculated as: r, = D (D. is the distance to the closest traffic lane, m; and D is the distance to the far traffic lane, m); Constant k I is about ground conditions between the predicted spots and the roads; assuming 1.0 in this assessment; and constant k2 is related to the spacing of traveling vehicles (di), and can be taken from Table 5.4-5: Table 5.4-5 The Values of k2 Taken at Different Motor Vehicle Spacing iD{(m)j 20 25 3 1401 50 60 1 70 80 1100 140 160 250. k 1 0.17 0.5 0.617 0.716 0.78 0.806 | 0.833 0.840 0.855 0.88 0.885 0.89 Noise level correction caused by longitudinal slope: for light vehicles: AL,o,g".,r,,, =50x ,/, dB for medium vehicles: ALo -- opr= 73Xx3,dB for heavy vehicles: AL.,,, W = 98 x a8 dB where: a the longitudinal slope gradient, % Noise level correction, AL-d S Hubei Provincial Communications Department 60 Environmental Impact Assessment of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Table 5.4-6 The Noise Level Corrections L ". Pavement AL-,0 Asphalt concrete pavement 0 Cement concrete pavement 1-2* * If light vehicles are more than 60 percent of the total traffic flow, select 2, otherwise select 1. Noise level correction caused by the expressway configuration AL, =10lg 0 /180, dB Where: 0 : the view angle from the predicted spot between two ends of the road, Noise level correction caused by barriers between expressway and prediction spot AL, = AL. +AL, , AL -j -forest -buildings A noise shadow AL,forest takes correction values according to Table 5.4-7. Table 5.4-7 Values for AL. foret Width of forest barrier 30(m) 60(m) >60(m) Correction value 5dB I OdB I OdB AL2 buildings are taken from the following table: Table 5.4-8 "L2 Values for Buildings Orders of building barriers Area of building located in the tri-angle noise level attenuation First row of buildings 40-60 percent 3.0 70-90 percent 5.0 Other TOWS of building Every row increased Increase 1.5 Continued rows increased The maximum is 10 AL'noiseshadow is the noise level attenuation due to the road structures The reason for the attenuation is that high embankments and low cutting of the road cause traffic noise to diffract and form noise shadows on both sides of the road. The prediction results for traffic noise levels Based on the above parameters values and assumptions, the models predict noise levels during the expressway operation, as shown in Table 5.4-9. Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 61 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Table 5.4-9 Prediction Results of Traffic Noise of Different Sections unit: Leg (dB) Distance from the center-line (m) Sections Year Time - 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 2006 Daytime 66.6 63.0 60.9 59.7 58.3 57.1 56.1 55.2 54.5 53.8 Night 59.5 53.9 50.7 49.0 47.0 45.5 44.1 43.0 41.9 41.1 Interchanges between Daytime 69.5 66.0 63.9 62.7 61.2 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.4 56.8 Night 62.4 56.8 53.7 51.9 50.0 48.4 47.1 45.9 44.9 44.0 2020 Daytime 71.2 67.7 65.6 64.4 62.9 61.8 60.8 59.9 59.1 58.4 . Night 64.1 58.5 55.4 53.6 51.6 50.1 48.8 47.6 46.6 45.7 2006 Daytime 67.1 63.5 61.4 60.2 58.7 57.6 56.6 55.7 54.9 54.3 ______Night 59.9 54.4 51.2 49.5 47.5 46.0 44.6 43.5 42.4 41.6 Interchanges between Daytime 69.1 65.5 63.5 62.3 60.8 59.7 58.7 57.8 57.0 56.3 Xiaogan-Yunmeng 2013__.__ Night 62.0 56.4 53.3 51.5 49.6 48.0 46.7 45.5 44.5 43.6_ 2020 Daytime 71.4 67.9 65.3 64.1 62.7 61.5 60.5 59.7 58.9 58.2 Night 63.9 58.3 55.1 53.4 51.4 49.9 48.5 47.4 46.4 45.5 2006 Daytime 67.3 63.7 61.6 60.4 58.9 57.8 56.8 55.9 55.2 54.5 Night 60.1 54.6 51.4 49.7 47.7 46.2 44.8 43.7 42.6 41.8 fnterchange between Daytime 69.3 65.7 63.6 62.4 61.0 59.8 58.8 58.0 57.2 56.5 Yunmeng-Anlu 2013__ _ Yumn21 nu Night 62.2 56.6 53.4 51.7 49.7 48.2 46.8 45.7 44.7 43.8 2020 Daytime 72.7 69.1 67.0 65.8 64.4 63.2 62.2 61.4 60.6 59.9 Night 64.8 59.2 56.1 54.3 52.3 50.8 49.5 48.3 47.3 46.4 2006 Daytime 67.9 64.3 62.2 61.0 59.6 58.4 57.4 56.5 55.8 55.1 Night 60.7 55.2 52.0 50.2 48.3 46.8 45.4 44.2 43.2 42.4 interchange between Daytime 70.9 67.4 65.3 64.1 62.6 61.5 60.5 59.6 58.8 58.2 Anlu-Yandian 2013 Night 63.8 58.2 55.1 53.3 51.4 49.8 48.5 47.3 46.3 45.4 2020 Daytime 72.0 67.5 65.4 64.2 62.7 61.6 60.6 59.7 58.9 58.3 Night 65.6 60.0 56.8 55.1 53.1 51.6 50.2 49.1 48.1 47.2 2006 - Daytime 66.9 63.4 61.3 60.1 58.6 57.5 56.5 55.6 54.8 54.1 interchange between - -Night 59.8 54.2 51.1 I 49.3 47.3 45.8 44.5 43.3 42.3 41.4 interchange between_ __ Yandian- 2013 - Daytime 69.9 66.4 64.3 63.1 61.6 60.5 59.5 58.6 57.9 57.2 Luoyangdian Night 62.9 57.3 54.1 52.4 50.4 48.9 47.5 46.4 45.3 44.5 2020 Daytime 71.7 68.2 66.1 64.9 63.4 62.3 61.3 60.4 59.6 58.9 Night 64.6 59.0 55.9 54.1 52.2 50.6 49.3 48.1 47.1 46.2 2006 - Daytime 67.8 64.3 62.2 61.0 59.5 58.4 57.4 56.5 55.7 55.1 Night 60.7 55.1 52.0 50.2 48.3 46.7 45.4 44.2 43.2 42.3 interchange between 2013 Daytime 71.4 67.9 65.8 64.6 63.1 62.0 61.0 60.1 59.3 58.6 Luoyandian-Hedian Night 64.3 58.7 55.6 53.8 51.9 50.3 49.0 47.8 46.8 45.9 2020 Daytime 73.0 69.5 67.4 66.2 64.7 63.6 62.6 61.7 60.9 60.2 Night 65.9 60.3 57.2 55.4 53.5 51.9 50.6 49.4 48.4 475 Hubei Provincial Communications Department 62 Environmenial Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Table 5.4-9 Prediction Results of Trafflc Noise of Different Sections unit: Leg (dB) (Continued) Distance from the center-line (m) Sections Year Time 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Daytime 67.6 64.1 62.0 60.8 59.3 58.2 57.2 56.3 55.5 54.9 Night 60.5 55.0 51.8 50.1 48.1 46.6 45.2 44.0 43.0 42.2 interchange between Daytime 70.9 67.4 65.3 64.1 62.6 61.5 60.5 59.6 58.8 58.1 2013__ Hedian-Anju Night 63.8 58.2 55.1 53.3 51.4 49.8 48.5 47.3 46.3 45.4 Daytime 72.4 68.8 66.7 65.5 64.1 62.9 61.9 61.1 60.3 59.6 2020 Night 65.3 59.7 56.5 54.8 52.8 51.3 49.9 48.8 47.7 46.9 Daytime 67.6 64.0 61.9 60.7 59.3 58.1 57.1 56.2 55.5 54.8 2006 Night 60.5 54.9 51.7 50.0 48.0 46.5 45.1 44.0 43.0 42.1 interchange between 2013 Daytime 70.5 66.9 64.8 63.6 62.2 61.0 60.0 59.1 58.4 57.7 Anju-Wangcheng Night 63.3 57.8 54.6 52.9 50.9 49.4 48.0 46.8 45.8 45.0 Daytime 71.6 68.0 65.9 64.7 63.3 62.1 61.1 60.2 59.5 58.8 2020 Night 64.5 58.9 55.7 54.0 52.0 50.5 49.1 48.0 46.9 46.1 Daytime 66.8 63.2 61.1 59.9 58.5 57.3 56.3 55.4 54.7 54.0 Night 59.6 54.1 50.9 49.2 47.2 45.7 44.3 43.2 42.1 41.3 interchange between Daytime 69.5 66.0 63.9 62.7 61.2 60.1 59.1 58.2 57.4 56.7 2013 Wangche-Zaoyang Night 62.4 56.8 53.6 51.9 49.9 48.4 47.1 45.9 44.9 44.0 Daytime 70.5 67.0 64.9 63.7 62.2 61.1 60.1 59.2 58.4 57.7 2020 Night 63.4 57.8 54.7 52.9 51.0 49.4 48.1 46.9 45.9 45.0 Daytime 66.8 63.3 61.2 60.0 58.5 57.4 56.4 55.5 54.8 54.1 2006 Night 59.7 54.2 51.0 49.3 47.3 45.8 44.4 43.2 42.2 41.4 Interchange between Daytime 69.7 66.2 64.1 62.9 61.4 60.3 59.3 58.4 57.7 57.0 Zaoyang-Juwan Night 62.7 57.1 53.9 52.2 50.2 48.7 47.3 46.2 45.1 44.3 2020 Daytime 71.3 67.7 65.7 64.4 63.0 61.8 60.8 60.0 59.2 58.5 2020 Night 64.2 58.6 55.4 53.7 51.7 50.2 48.8 47.7 46.7 45.8 Daytime 67.5 64.0 61.9 60.7 59.2 58.1 57.1 56.2 55.4 54.7 2006 Night 60.4 54.8 51.7 49.9 48.0 46.4 45.1 43.9 42.9 42.0 Interchange between Daytime 70.2 66.7 64.6 63.4 61.9 60.8 59.8 58.9 58.1 57.4 2013 Juwan-Shuanggou 2013 Night 63.1 57.5 54.4 52.6 50.7 49.1 47.8 46.6 45.6 44.7 Daytime 72.2 67.6 65.6 64.4 62.9 61.8 60.7 59.9 59.1 58.4 2 Night 64.1 58.5 55.4 53.6 51.6 50.1 48.8 47.6 46.6 45.7 Daytime 68.9 65.3 63.2 62.0 60.6 59.4 58.4 57.5 56.8 56.1 2006 Night 61.8 56.2 53.0 51.3 49.3 47.8 46.4 45.3 44.2 43.4 Interchange between Shago.e 2 i Daytime 72.4 68.9 66.8 65.6 64.1 63.0 62.0 61.1 60.3 59.6 Shuanggou-economic 201i3_ _ Zone Night 65.3 59.7 56.6 54.8 52.9 51.3 50.0 48.8 47.8 46.9 Daytime 72.0 67.5 65.4 64.2 62.7 61.6 60.6 59.7 58.9 58.2 2020 I Night 64.9 59.3 56.2 54.4 52.5 50.9 49.6 48.4 47.4 46.5 Daytime 67.6 64.0 61.9 60.7 59.3 58.1 57.1 56.3 55.5 54.8 2006 Night 60.5 54.9 51.7 50.0 48.0 46.5 45.1 44.0 42.9 42.1 Interchange between.Ngt 6. 49 5. 00 480 4. 51 4. 29 4. Daytime 71.1 67.6 65.5 64.3 62.8 61.7 60.7 59.8 59.0 58.3 Economic Zone- 2013 _ gaoying - Night 64.0 58.4 55.3 53.5 51.5 50.0 48.7 47.5 46.5 45.6 gaytgDaytie 71.9 68.3 66.2 65.0 63.6 62. 61.4 60.6 59.8 59.1 2020 7 -356 .9 Night 63.9 58.4 55.2 53.4 51.5 50.0 48.6 47.4 46.4 45.6 Hubei Provincial Communications Department 63 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway In general, within the short tern (2006), noise levels at 45 meters from the central line of the expressway and beyond can meet the Class IV standards (70 dB(A) for day time and 55 dB(A) for the night) which are the standards for areas near the trunk roads. Over the years, the traffic volume will increase and so will be noise levels from the expressway. For medium term (2013), the areas that can meet the Class IV standard will extend to 55 meters and beyond and for the long term (2020), it will further extend to about 90 meters and beyond. Noise Impact on Sensitive Receptors The predicted noise values presented in Table 5.4-10 and Table 5.4-11 below show that the schools and hospitals located near the proposed expressway will be subject to strong noise disturbance during the day, while residential areas, primarily villages in the rural communities in the Project area, and hospital will be impacted most during night. Table 5.4-10 Prediction Results of Noise Level at Villages unit: Leg (dB) Predicted noise levels No. Villages Piles No. Noise levels exceeded applicable standards Year 2006 Year 2013 Year 2020 daytime Night daytime Night daytime Night 1 Huangjiahouwan K494900 60.2 52.6 64.8 54.8 66.1 56.1 0 0 0 0 0 1.1 2 Shentgiawan K52+400 55.7 48.9 61.2 51.1 62.5 52.4 2 Shengiawan K2+400 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Tianjiawan K53+100 62.2 53.6 66.8 55.9 68.1 57.1 0 0 0 0.9 0 2.1 56.0 45.4 60.6 47.6 61.8 48.8 4 Xiayejiawan K53+350 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Zhoujiawan K54+300 58.7 50.3 63.3 52.6 64.6 53.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Shanbianwan K58+700 60.1 51.1 64.7 53.3 65.9 54.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 Yujiawan K60+300 56.9 46.3 61.5 48.5 62.5 42.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 Qunli K62+350 58.6 49.8 63.2 52.1 64.4 53.3 __ ~~~~~~~~~~~-0 0 0 0 0 0 9 Chenxiangzhongwan K63+300 61.3 53.0 65.9 55.2 67.1 56.5 ¼..jtCJXI4.jJtflUfl)W4fl~0 0 0 0.2 0 1.5 10 Chenxiangxiwan K63+500 61.3 53.6 65.9 55.8 67.1 57.1 ______0 0 0 0.8 0 2.1 11 Xiaochengwan K65+400 58.9 49.0 63.5 51.3 64.7 52.5 11 Xiochenwan K5_40 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 Zhujiaza K65+500 58.1 49.7 62.7 51.9 64.0 53.2 ______~~~~0 0 0 0 0 0 13 Liangdawan K66+600 63.1 54.7 67.1 56.3 68.1 57.4 __3_Liangdawan_ K66__600 0 0 0 1.3 0 2.4 14 Jinshenmiao K67+600 56.6 46.3 60.6 47.9 61.6 48.9 Hubeic P on 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hubei Provincial Communications Department 64 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Table 5.4-1 0 Prediction Results of Noise Level at Villages and Townships unit: Leg (dB) (Continued) Predicted noise levels No. Villages and Piles No. Noise levels exceeded applicatle standards Townships Year 2006 Year 2013 Year 2020 . ~~~~~~~~~~~daytimeNight daytime Night daytime Night 15 Taojiadawan K69+200 60.1 51.7 64.1 53.3 65.1 54.4 16 Yinjia K69+400 57.9 47.8 61.3 49.3 62.9 50.4 17 Dongsongjia K70+850 60.0 50.7 63.9 52.3 65.0 53.4 18 Zhujiaza K71+300 63.0 54.8 66.9 56.4 68.0 57.55 19 Wanan town K72+900 60.1 51.7 64.1 53.3 65.1 54.4 20 Jiazi K73+200 59.8 52.2 63.8 53.8 64.8 54.9 21 Guojiadawan K73+800 62.0 53.6 65.9 55.1 66.9 56.2 0 0 0 0.1 0 1.2 22 Wangdian K76+100 61.3 53.1 64.3 53.8 65.4 54.8 23 Bojiawang K77+100 61.4 53.7 65.3 55.2 66.3 57.3 0 0 0 0.2 0 2.3 24 Liujiayan K79+200 61.6 52.9 65.5 54.4 66.5 55.6 25 Shanwuxia K80+700 60.6 50.7 64.5 52.2 66.5 53.3 26 Weihuangwan K81+500 63.2 55.6 67.1 57.1 68.1 58.2 0 0.6 0 2.1 0 3.2 27 Jiacun K82+700 62.1 54.0 66.0 55.6 67.0 56.6 0 0 0 0.6 0 1.6 28 Lujiaqiao K83+100 61.5 52.8 65.2 54.4 66.2 55.4 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 29 Huangjiagang K85+050 59.3 49.6 63.1 51.6 64.1 52.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 Caifang IC86+850 59.4 50.1 63.2 51.5 64.2 52.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 Longwalijia K89+450 64.5 56.0 68.3 57.4 69.3 58.5 31 Longwalijia 1(89+450 ~~0 1.0 0 2.4 0 3.5 32 Xiaoliwan K90+400 61.0 52.1 64.8 53.5 65.8 54.5 _0 0 0 0 0 0 33 Shangzhouwan K91+100 61.3 52.9 65.1 54.3 66.1 55.3 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 34 Tangchenwan K91+800 62.5 54.1 66.3 55.5 67.3 56.6 0 0 0 0.5 0 1.6 35 Liujiawan K95+850 61.6 54.0 65.4 55.4 66.4 56.4 0 0 0 0.4 0 1.4 36 Wancun K98+800 63.7 56.1 67.0 57.1 68.1 57.9 .0 . 1.1 0 2.1 0 2.9 K98+800 63.7 56.1 67.0 57.1 68.1 57.9 37 Gaopengwan 0 1.1 0 2.1 0 2.9 ______. K99+000 60.8 52.1 64.2 53.2 66.6 54.0 Hubei Provincial Communications Depatmnent 65 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Table 5.4-10 Prediction Results of Noise Level at Villages and Townships unit: Leg (dB) (Continued) Predicted noise levels No. Villages/TownshipsPlies No. Noise levels exceeded applicable standards No. Vlillages/Townships Piles No. Year 2006 Year 2013 Year 2020 daytime Night daytime Night daytime Night 37 Gaopengwan K99+000 0 0 0 0 0 0 38 Chenj iawan K 100+500 63.5 55.8 66.9 56.9 67.9 57.7 0 0.8 0 1.9 0 2.7 39 Longshi K101+100 62.2 52.7 65.5 53.8 66.6 54.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 Yuanjiadawan K113000 61.9 52.8 65.2 53.9 66.3 54.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 K114+830 61.8 53.1 65.5 54.4 66.4 55.3 41 Yandian town 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 K 115+200 59.9 50.0 63.6 51.4 64.5 52.3 ______~~~~~~~00 0 0 0 0 42 Guoluwan K 154+400 56.3 48.6 59.6 49.5 60.3 50.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 43 Tanjiawan K 154+400 58.3 50.6 61.6 51.5 62.3 52.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 44 Pangjiashan K181+850 59.4 50.2 62.7 51.2 63.4 52.4 O 0 0 0 0 0 45 Dongwan K215+500 64.2 56.4 67.8 57.6 67.7 58.6 0 1.4 0 2.6 0 3.6 46 Liujiagang K216+600 57.8 50.6 61.3 51.8 61.3 52.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 Lianfengwan K(217+200 59.2 49.8 62.7 51.0 62.6 51.9 47 Lianengwan 217+200 0 0 0 0 0 0 48 Donggang K(237+700 66.2 59.4 69.8 60.7 70.7 61.7 48K770 ongag 0 4.4 0 5.7 0.7 6.7 49 Donghe K240+S00 59.1 48.9 62.7 50.3 63.7 51.2 50 Chengjiasanfang K248+ 100 61.8 52.3 65.4 53.6 66.3 54.5 51 Beixiang K257+300 62.2 53.5 65.7 54.8 66.7 55.7 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 52 Niejiagang K261+600 60.9 51.4 64.5 52.6 65.4 53.6 53 Shaojiapeng K263+300 59-5 49.5 63.0 50.7 64.0 51.7 54 Haojiazhuang K266+900 60.4 51.7 64.0 52.9 64.9 53.9 55 Lijiawan K269+900 62.4 54.5 65.3 55.1 66.2 56.0 O O O 0.1 O 1.0 56 Chenjiawan K270+300 56.7 49.0 59.6 49.6 60.5 50.6 57 Dongjiafan K270+700 59.8 50.0 62.7 50.6 63.6 51.6 58 Xiaowangying K273+750 64.2-66.9 57.1-59.7 67.2-69.8 57.8-60.3 68.1-70.7 58.8-61.3 0 2.1-4.7 0 2.8-5.3 0.7 3.8-6.3 59 Zhangwan K284+600 60.7 51.6 63.5 52.2 64.4 53.2 Hubei Provincial Commnunications Department 66 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Table 5.4-11 Predicted Noise Levels in Schools and Hospitals unit: Leg (dB) Predicted noise levels No. Names Piles No. Noise level exceeded applicable standard Year 2006 Year 2013 Year 2020 Daytime Night daytime Night Daytime night I Jinshenmiao primary K67+550 56.1 60.0 61.0 school 1.1 5.0 6.0 2 Taomiao primary K69+300 59.1 63.1 - 64.1 - school 4.1 8.1 9.1 3 Yandian hospital KIl 15+050 57.1 46.5 60.8 47.8 61.8 48.8 2.1 1.5 5.8 2.8 6.8 3.8 4 Changsong primary K 19+250 57.4 - 61.1 - 62.0 - school 2.4 6.1 7.0 5 Juluigang primary K 185+400 58.8 62.0 - 62.8 school 3.8 7.0 7.8 6 Duwan pnmary K210+600 58.4 62.0 - 62.9 school 3.4 7.0 7.9 7 Zhoutaicun primary K216+900 58.4 62.0 - 62.9 school 3.4 7.0 7.9 8 Lianhe primary K270+650 56.6 59.5 - 60.4 school 1.6 4.5 5.4 Xiaowangying 54.4 57.3 - 58.2 primary school 0 2.3 | 3.2 The noise prediction results show that some Project area villages would have noise levels exceeded applicable standards (Class IV at 70 dB(A) for day time and 55 dB(A) for the night), especially at night if no mitigation measures will be taken. The noise impacts will worsen over time as the traffic volume increases on the expressway. Seven out of the fifity-nine villages/towns near the expressway would have noise levels exceeding the nighttime standard at year 2006, seventeen in 2013 and twenty-five in 2020. By 2020, the last year of the prediction, the highest noise level will exceed the standard by up to 6.7 dB(A) at nighttime. A more stringent noise standards (Class I at 55 dB(A) for the day time and 45 dB(A) at night) are applied to schools and the hospital as they are more sensitive to noise impacts. The prediction results show that eight out of the nine schools/hospital near the expressway would have noise levels exceeding the day time standard at year 2006, all nine in 2013 and 2020. As there is no class or student in any of these schools at night, the noise impacts at night on the schools is nil. The only hospital which is located near expressway will exceed noise standard from the beginning, both day and night, indicating significant impacts to this sensitive receptor. 5.5 Impacts to Air Quality 5.5.1 Impact to Air during Construction Phase Air pollution sources during the expressway construction phase will come mainly from air-born dust, asphalt smog emission and machinery exhaust at construction Hubei Provincial Communications Department 67 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway sites, in particular, pavements under progress, materials in open air such as deposit sites, asphalt leveler, power machines and temporary access roads. The most serious air pollutant during construction is however air bome dust. Road Dust There are many factors that can cause road dust, such as traveling motor vehicle/trucks, wind speeds, disturbed soil, dust built-up on pavement and moisture content of dust, etc. While the dust on the vehicle wheels and dust on the pavement are the mainly sources of road dust, wind speed directly influences the dust dispersion and impacted areas. The Roads Institute of MOC has monitored motor vehicle induced dust on Beijing- Tianjing-Tangshan expressway while it was under construction. The TSP concentration 150 meters leeward of the dust source was measured to be 5.093 mg/m3 (see Table 5.5-1), which exceeds Class II standard of GB 3095-1996. As the wind becomes stronger, the affected area will be larger. Table 5.5-1 TSP Survey Results 3 Monitoring sites Dust origins Distance to road I Measured results (mgm ) By the side of the During top layer base 50 11.652 construction road at concrete pouring, 100 19.694 Wuqing-yang village dust from vehicles 150 5.093 According to the analog analysis result (see Table 5.5-2), water sprays at the construction site can prevent 70% of the dust from air borne and obtain an effective control of dust. As such water spray must apply at the dust sources, such as temporary access roads, construction sites and semi-complete expressway must apply to suppress the dust. Table 5.5-2 Analog Analysis Results of TSP after Water S prays in Construction Sites Distance from the road side (m) 0 20 50 100 200 TSP (mg/rn3) No watering 11.03 2.89 1.15 0.86 0.56 watering 2.1 1 1.40 0.68 0.60 0.29 Dust from Material Deposit Areas The main factors responsible for causing dust air borne at material stockpiles are wind force, loading and unloading of materials, and moving vehicles from the roads which may also come from the vehicle wheels leaving the construction site. This will cause serious dust pollution and influence the areas surrounding the material storage sites. Materials Preparation Materials preparation such as lime and clay mixing, concrete mixing, etc. can be a source of dust during construction. There are two common mixing methods: in- plant mixing and on-site mixing. The on-site mixing will take place within the construction site and only affects a relatively small area. Whereas in-plant mixing tends to influence a wider area especially in leeward direction and when a large Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 68 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway amount of materials is to be rmixed. In-plant mixing can be subject to control if it happens in a workshop. Therefore, this method of mixing will be adopted for this project. According to the dust monitoring results at other similar mixing sites, the TSP concentration was 1.00 mg/m3 at 50 meters from mixing sites, 1.65 mg/m3 atlOO meters and only 1.00 mg/m3 at 150 meters. Class II standard can be reached at 200 meters or more from materials preparation sites. Asphalt Smog Asphalt smog's main compositions are THC, TSP and BaP. Among these chemicals THC and BaP are considered hazardous materials. According to relevant literature, asphalt being heated in a sealed chamber will yield no more than 0.00001 mg/m3 BaP at 50 meters leeward, which satisfies the standard in GB 16297-1996. THC concentration at 60 meters leeward is at most 0.16 mg/m3. The whole project will adopt asphalt-cement for pavement. So a large number of asphalt mixing stations will be used. In-plant mixing will be adopted to prevent the smog pollution. Further-more, the mixing plant needs to be 300 meters leeward to residential areas. The mixing machinery must be equipped with secondary dust- remove facilities. 5.1.1. 5.5.2 Impact on Air Quality during Operation Phase The analogy approach was taken for the assessment of the air quality impacts during the operation phase. National expressways III and IV were chosen as objects of analogy and comparison during the assessment. The first step of the analogy assessment is to compare the actual monitoring data of air contaminants of the three expressways, which will be the basis for analogy for predicted air quality. The baseline data for two primary air contaminants Nox and TSP are presented in Table 5.5-3 Table 5.5-3 Baseline Air Quality Comparison of the Expressway and National Expressways III & IV Concentration National National This Factors (mg/Nm 3) Expressway III Expressway IV Expressway One hour average concentration 0.002-0.096 0.003-0.060 0.004-0.034 NOx Daily average concentration 0.005-0.065 0.004-0.058 0.006-0.030 Five-day average concentration 0.010-0.030 0.007-0.018 TSP Daily average concentration 0.094-0.425 0.07-0.30 0.107-0.250 Five-day average concentration 0.143-0.255 0.120-0.204 It can be seen from the above table that the baseline air quality alongside the three expressways is fairly good, all meeting Class II standards of GB 3095-1996. In fact, when compared with National Expressways III and IV, NOx in this Project area, are the lowest, while TSP concentrations are equivalent among the three. Hubei Provincial Communications Department 69 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Air Quality Prediction through Analogy In terms of traffic volume, in year 2020 National Expressway III is forecasted to have a peak traffic volume forecast at 59,927 vehicless per day and the similar forecast for 2022 for National Expressway IV will be 62,691. In comparison, traffic volume forecasted for this Project will be 53,817 in year 2025. All the traffic volumes described above have been converted to small buses equivalent. Compared with National Highway III and IV, this Project will have the lowest traffic volume. According to environmental impact assessment reports for National Expressways III and IV, these expressways are located in areas with similar the landforms, terrain, wind directions and speeds and precipitation to those of this Project. The height of roadbed, the road slopes in both length and width are quite similar as well. The three projects can be considered to have analogous physical environment and settings. Furthermore, the environmental impact assessment reports for National Expressways III and IV also show that the number and distribution of sensitive receptors are similar to this Project. Now for National Expressway III, it is predicted that in 2020, NOx concentration in some sections at about 70-90 meters from the expressway central line will possibly exceed the limits under unfavourable weather conditions. But the probability is small. For National Expressway IV, daily NOx concentrations at roadsides of all sections will be between 0.03-0.08 mg/Nm3 . In some sections, daily average NOx concentrations within 20 meters of the road central line will be close to limit due to the road configurations, but most others will not. From the forecast, daily average NOx concentrations at all sensitive receptors in the operation phase will meet the Class It standards of GB 3095-1996. Since this project has the lowest traffic volume compared with National Highway III and IV and the best baseline ambient air quality, it is apparent that we can obtain forecast results by analogy based on above comparisons and the forecast results of National Expressways III and IV. Under normal conditions, daily average NOx concentration at all sections is expected not to exceed the standards in 2020. Under poor weather conditions coupled unfavarable road configurations, NOx daily average concentration at 90 meters of the road central line is expected to approach or exceed the standards. Under norrmal conditions, the daily average NOx concentration at all sensitive receptors will not go exceed Class II standard of GB 3095-1996 in year 2020. 5.5.3 Impact to Air Quality at Service Areas The main sources of air emissions from the expressway services areas are boilers. If electrical powered facility in these areas is used however, air pollution can be Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 70 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway avoided. The air emission will be moderate on the other hand if light fuels are used in boilers. The chimney height and emission concentration comply with Class II standards of Emission StandardofAir Pollutants by Boilers (G WPB3-1999). All service areas and parking zones will have wastewater treatment and garbage collections storage areas. Wastewater treatment will produce odor so will the garbage collection and storage areas. These facilities should be well designed to minimize odor emissions and be located away from dining and other public areas of the services stations. 5.5.4 Impact to Air Quality at Interchanges Under the same conditions, air quality at the proposed interchanges could be affected more than that at the expressway itself. This is because motor vehicles typically drive slowly or decelerate/accelerate frequently on curved interchanges and/or leave/enter the expressway. Since the terrain configuration at interchanges is usually open and wide, and the open space will be well landscaped, air pollutants can be effectively diffused and absorbed. Interchanges of this Project have been designed sufficiently far away from receptors sensitive to air pollution. By analogy, we believe that the interchanges will have insignificant impact on air quality and no impacts to sensitive receptors. 5.5.5 Impact on Global Climate Compared to the previous centuries, the last 100 years have seen global warming. The trend will unlikely to reverse in the 21th century with the enormous consumption of fossil fuels, such as coal, petroleum and natural gas. Combustion of these fuels generate greenhouse gases, such as CH4, NOx and predominantly CO2 which all contribute to global warming. The motor vehicle exhaust includes HC and CO from incomplete combustion, smog dust and NOx. Among these methane and NOx are greenhouse gases and CO when converted to CO2 upon oxidation is also a greenhouse gas. Compared to the existing parallel NH316, the proposed expressway upon completion will increase the vehicle speed and shorten the traveling distance between the same destinations. The existing NH316 is 268 km long, 12 meters wide across pavement on a 15-meter wide foundation and for the most parts it is a Class II highway. The average daily traffic of 5490 (1998) have a average speed between 45 to 50 km/h. Traffic congestion varies but the congestion coefficient ranges generally between 0.49 and 1.24. Engine idling is frequent which aggravates exhaust emission and air pollution. A comparison of emissions in Year 2025 on NH316 and this Expressway is listed in Table 5.54 taking into account the road mileage, traffic speed and vehicle type Hubei Provincial Communications Department 71 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway ratios as 26.2:20.9:52.926 for heavy: medium: light vehicles, and each vehicle's emission. Table 5.54 Prediction Emission Volume of the Proposed Expressway and NH316 in Year 2025 Road I Emission amount, (Ton/a) The project/NH316) NOx The Project 18274 NH316 12864 1.42/1 CO The proposed project 34320 0.53/1 ______~NH316 65022 THC The proposed project 11993 0.56/1 TH NH316 21520 05/ We can see from the above table that the proposed expressway will have more NOx emission than NH316, by 42% because NOx exhaust increases with motor vehicle speed. However, the expressway will have lower CO and THC emissions, lower by 47% and 44% respectively than those from the relative slow moving NH316. So the total amount of greenhouse gases will decrease. The decreased emission, compared with no project scenario, will be helpful to slow down the global warming. 5.6 Impact on Socio-economic Environment 5.6.1 Impact on Agriculture Production Land impact The main impacts on agriculture production are due to land occupation, damage to irrigation systems and soil erosion during the construction phase, and motor vehicle exhaust and motor vehicle accidents in the operation phase. The impacts will be permanent loss of agricultural land reduction the agricultural yields. The total land occupied permanently is about 25,806 mu (Sources: Project RAP, December 2001). Among them, 19,470.6 mu, or 75.4% of the total land occupied is the cultivated land. The non-cultivated land is 6,334.9 mu or 24.6% of the total. On the land current usage, 11,442.3 mu is paddy field which is 44.3% of total land occupied whereas dry land is 6,640.7 mu or 25.7%. Table 5.6-1 Project Land Acquisition Unit: mu Land types Total Xiaogan City Suizhou City Xiangfan City Total Cultivated land 16,515.1 6055.8 3429.2 7030.1 Paddy land 9435.3 4227.1 2146.0 3062.2 Dry land 5186.4 881.5 1038.5 3266.4 Sources: Project RAP, December 2001 Table 5.6-2 shows that the land occupied by the Project will be 0.016% to 0.066% of the total cultivated land in the Project areas, with the total of 0.36% region wide. The proportion of cultivated land loss to the Project is even lower, when Hubei Provincial Communications Department 72 Environmen:alImpact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway considering the fact that part of the land acquired by the Project is not cultivated land. Such a low portion of the land occupation is unlikely to result in any significant impact in the overall agricultural land resources in the Project region. Table 5.6-2 Ratio of Occupied Land to Total Land of T e Region Items Administrative The total area of Project acquisition % of acquired land to divisions cultivated land (mu) land (mu) total cultivated land (mu) Xiaonan 492,000 2,797.7 0.057% Yunmeng 371,100 2,436.1 0.066% Anlu 496,200 2,657.6 0.054% Suizhou 1,462,050 4,013.9 0.027% Zaoyang 1,524,600 4,763.2 0.031% Xiangyang 1,701,600 2,778.9 0.016% Total 6,047,550 16,515 0.032% Sources: Project RAP, December 2001 From the village's perspective, however, the impact is more significant to those which are affected directly. In the villages where the proposed expressway will pass through, the present per capita cultivated land is 1.50 mu/person (see Table 5.6-3). Following the land acquisition by this Project, the per capita cultivated land will be reduced by 0.08 mu/person or 5.3% of the current level. Table 5.6-3 Ratio of occupied land to total land of the project-affected villages C Cultivated Present per Per capita Agricultural Current land capita cultivated land Per capita population _land acquisition cultivated land after acquisition reduced by (mu) {r 247,014 land (mu) (mu) (mu) (mu) *eue y(u Tota 247,014 370,521.4 19,470.6 1.50 1 1.42 0.08 Source: Project RAP, September 2001 In addition to the permanent land occupation, there will be about 9,358 mu of land to be occupied temporarily during the expressway construction. Such temporary occupation will impact on the agricultural production for the duration of the construction time (up to four years for any given section). The temporary land uses including earth borrowing pits, earth & stone disposal sites, temporary access roads, construction camps, asphalt stations, etc., can be rehabilitated and reclaimed to their original state of usage again. Compensation is available for temporary land occupation to limit the impact of the temporary land occupation, which is discussed in details in Chapter 7. For the cultivated land occupied temporarily, the top soil will be preserved and re-used in reclamation after the construction is complete. Irrigation System In Xiaogan and Xiangfan areas where the proposed expressway will pass through, the landform and terrain along the alignment is low and the majority of cultivated land is well irrigated paddy field. The irrigation systems for farmland in this area is well developed and complicated. The proposed expressway will cross some drainage ditches and irrigating channels. In order to guarantee the farmland irrigation system to work normally, many bridges and culverts will be constructed. Hubei Provincial Communications Department 73 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway According to the preliminary design, 52 small bridges and 524 culverts are planned, with average of 2.2 culverts every kilometer of the expressway, which can basically satisfy the need for protection of the farmland irrigation and drainage. In addition, as there are plenty of rivers such as Fu river, Huan river, Yun river, Jun river, Tangbai river, Sha river and their tributaries, independent water supply sources are abundant. Therefore imnpacts of the expressway construction to the irrigation system will only be limited to minor diversion on some of the irrigation channels. During construction phase, earthworks and stone works may impede the rivers, canals, and existing irrigation and draining system due to the improper construction methods, causing reduced discharge capability in this water ways and thus irrigation operations. Contractors must take the measures to prevent such improper construction methods from being practiced and such impacts from happening. Impact in operation phase During the operation phase, adverse impact on agricultural production arising from the expressway will include mainly: * Motor vehicle emission which could affect adversely the growth and yields of agricultural crops; * Air borne dust caused by the traffic causing negative effects to plant respiration and photosynthesis; and * Accidental spills of hazardous materials caused by traffic accidents, potentially resulting in serious contamination of soil, surface water and groundwater in agricultural fields. Development of agricultural production In the hilly area, borrowing earth from hillside during the road construction might be good for reclamation of useful farm land and enhance land use efficiency. After completion of the project, improvement of the transport conditions in the area can be a advantage to develop the unusual land. Expressway infrastructure development is a great impetus to the economic development of the whole rural area, by providing more opportunities for employment, easier access to market for local village and township based industries and for agricultural produces, and increase in value the land. 5.6.2 Community severance The proposed expressway is a totally fenced, limited access expressway, which will separate some farmland from farmers and rural communities from one another on both sides of the alignment. Such severance would limit the access of some farmers to their fields and certain rural residents to schools, hospitals, markets and their relatives/friends or make such access difficult. Basically all total 59 villages Hubei Provincial Comm unicalions Department 74 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway (including 2 townships) and a total rural population of 17,800 located near the proposed expressway will be affected. Even a large rural population is affected if other rural comrnmunities not within the impact scope but still close to the proposed expressway are considered. To mitigate the impact of severance, measures have been taken into the design to provide convenience for the local people's farming activities and daily life. After several discussions with project-affected farners and local governments, 454 tunnels, with average of one culvert for every 536 m, have been designed to connect the existing rural roads and pedestrian paths underneath of the expressway. The culverts are designed into various size according to the conditions of the roads intersected by the proposed expressway, and their uses with the design standards in compliance with the requirement of the local agricultural and social activities. In hilly area of Suizhou city and Anlu county, 147 over-passes are designed. The location and size of the tunnels and over-passes have been determined following public consultations with the local affected communities with sufficient clearance and width for future development. 5.6.3 Impact of Construction Camps There will be about 20 construction camps distributed along the whole expressway of 243.535 km. The environmental impacts related to construction camps involve the drinking water sources for construction workers, wastewater discharge, collection and treatment of solid wastes from the camps, and the impact on the workers' as well as local residents' daily life, etc. To reduce and mitigate the above mentioned environmental impact, protection measures should be adopted. 5.6.4 Impact of Access Roads Construction of Xiaogan to Xiangfan Expressway requires approximately 75 km of access roads, primarily to connect borrow pits with the construction sites for materials transportation. In addition, about 36 km of existing country roads need to be upgraded to serve as temporary transportation road. During the selection and design of the access roads, considerations have been given to separate the roads with residential areas, schools and hospitals for at least 100 m. Vast majority of the access roads are located at least 100 m from sensitive receptors. However, in a small number of sections, due to the topographic constraints, the access roads have little alternative but to be built near some sensitive locations, which will affect the dai]y life of rural residents. The impacts include noise from transportation vehicles, air borne dust, increased burden to the existing traffic and traffic safety. Table 5.6- 1 lists the sections of access roads located in the most sensitive areas. HubeiProvincial Communications Department 75 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Table 5.6-1 Impacts of Access Roads located in the Most Sensitive Areas No. Location Length (m) Impacted area Distance to Impacts ______I access roadI pa t 1 K61+700 350 (new) Residential 30-50 m north Noise, dust 2 K63+500 300 (new) Residential 10-20 m north Noise, dust, (Chenxiangxiwan) safety, outing 3 K71+100 200 (new) Residential 90 m west Noise, dust _ 71l0 20 (ew (Zhujiaza) 4 K71+180 200 (new) RResidential 50 m north Noise, dust, (Zhujiaza) safety, outing 5 K86+450 300 (new) Residential (Caifang) 50 m east Noise, dust 6 K99+1 00 200 (new) Residential 30 m cast Noise, dust, (Gaopengwan) Safety, outing Mitigation measures have been designed to minimize the impacts listed above. These measures are described in Section 7.1.8 of this report. 5.6.5 Impact Analysis of Cultural Relics According to the report of Hubei Provincial Relic & Archaeological Research Institute, the proposed expressway will go through two cultural relics sites: the Huangjinshan tomb and the Shaojiapeng cultural relics site. The Huangjinshan tombs are located on a mild hillside, covered on the surface by nursery and modem day tombs. The preliminary investigation shows that the Huangjinshan site is the tomb of average people of Song Dynasty (1000 AD), occupy about 6500 m2. Preliminary drilling during the site reconnaissance showed that the actual tombs are located about 0.3 to 0.5 meters below the ground, but some tomb bricks and walls have already been exposed to the surface. The proposed expressway will go through the middle of the Huangjinshan tomb site, occupying about 1200 m2 of the area. The tomb site occupied by the expressway will be affected (see Map 4-5). Another cultural relics site near the expressway is the Shaojiapeng cultural relics site, which also includes Yaojiayin tomb site. The site drilling showed that the site is located about 1-1.5 meter below grade, while the ground surface is covered with crops (cotton). Some pottery pieces were found at the site suggesting the site is likely from the New Stone Age (3000 to 5000 BC). The total area of the site is about 6400 mi2, but the expressway will occupy about 1000 m2 at the south edge of the site, which will be directly affected by the expressway construction (see Map 4-6). Based on the site investigation, including prelirminary sub-surface investigation, literature search, and consultation with relevant agencies and institutions, the two cultural relic sites do not have significant archaeological and historical values. These sites are not included in any of the state, provincial and county level cultural relic sites. If the protective excavation prior to construction shows unexpected Hubei Provincial Communications Department 76 Environmenlal Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-XiangranExpressway significance, further assessment will be conducted to determine the significance, project impacts and mitigation before starting the construction. While the focal preservative excavation will be conducted at both the Huanjinshan tombs and Shaojiapeng site prior to the commencement of the Project construction, it is still likely that during the construction phase, articles such as ancient fabrics, coins, artifacts, structures, or other geographic or archeological relics may still be present and discovered in these sites. Furthermore, "chance finds" are also a possibility in other parts of the construction site as there have been human activities in the region for thousands of years. If the construction workers are not well educated/trained for identification and protection, casual construction activities may destroy these articles and chance finds. Mitigation for these potential impacts are presented in Chapter 7. 5.6.6 Health and Safety The Project affected area is not in any epidemic disease alert region except Yunmeng County. In order to prevent the construction workers from local diseases and protect local residents from diseases which could brought to the region by the mobile construction workers, preventive measure and procedures must be taken. Before the Project construction starts, the local health centers will be consulted for information on local diseases and suggestions on preventive measures. In the iodine-deficient areas, iodate-salt will be provided and iodo-potassium pills may also provided as supplements. The major measures for the prevention of infectious diseases and snail fever are education, and a good practice of personal hygiene while drinking and eating. The main measure against AIDS are through public awareness and education of construction workers in the construction camps through public bulletin boards and providing entertainment in their spare time. Blood inspection will be compulsory prior to employment at the construction sites, to monitor the employee's health status. At the same time, a ban on taking drugs and prostitution must be strictly implemented and "safe sex" should be promoted and practiced. After the expressway opens to traffic, the movement of people to and through the now rather isolated Project region will be increased, with increased number of hotels, restaurants and other entertainment services expected. Certain negative impacts from such movement will appear, such as the spread of diseases including AIDS. Once the expressway is in operation, local governments along the road will put this issue on their agenda by making regular public education on AIDS prevention via radio, newspapers and other public media. Heath and epidemic prevention stations and hospitals shall inspect for AIDS rigorously. Public securities shall strengthen the registration management for migrant people and reinforce regular legal Hubei Provincial Communications Department 77 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway controls on night clubs, hotels, beauty parlors and other entertainment places where AIDS exposure can be a high risk. With regard to construction safety, explosion for stone and earth removal will produce serious safety, as well as environmental, concerns. This will involve both the management, storage, transportation and handling of explosives and the explosion operations themselves. Mis-management of explosive materials and lack of control during explosion operations could result in serious injuries of not only construction workers but also local residents. In particular, the local residents may not have the knowledge of explosives and explosive operations and lack self protection awareness during such operations. The risks of being injured will be even higher. Besides potential safety threats to people, explosion operation could also affect the structural integrity and safety of houses. According to experience with other expressway projects, the vibration impacts of explosion on mountains can extend to a 500 m radius area centered on the blast location. Houses, especially rural houses of brick, earth-wood and other simple structure within this area, resulting in wall cracking, falling of ceiling or roof tiles and other damages. The irnpact to the houses would not only cause property damage but also safety risks to people in the damaged buildings as well. Construction sites could also be a potential safety hazard for local residents, especially children who do not have the understanding of such dangers on a construction site and knowledge for self-protection. The unusual activities at the construction sites may be an attraction to the rural residents and rural children. The safety hazard will be real and serious safety accidents could occur if they are in the construction sites. During construction, effective safety and warning measures will be taken to reduce and avoid accidents. The blasting time, signal, and guarding will be regulated, and the people and vehicles within blasting area will be removed following strictly designed procedures. Prior to explosion, thorough inspection will be conducted and safety lookout will be built to prevent people and vehicles from passing explosion affected areas. Explosion will not be carried out in hours which may be busy for rural residents or local traffic. The usage and management of explosives will follow strictly the relevant regulations issued by public security and other relevant authorities. The construction sites will be fenced and sealed off from the general public where possible, particularly children. A large board will be posted at the entrance, warning of the safety hazard and the danger of unauthorized entry into the construction sites. In addition, the contractors and construction supervision companies will be requested to visit the villages within their construction areas, explain the construction activities including the safety hazard associated with them. The contractors will be requested to conduct similar public education programs to Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 78 EnvironmenialImpact Assessment of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway the rural communities of their contract section regularly, when a new type of construction activity is about to start and prior to the most dangerous operations such as explosions. 5.6.7 Interchanges Design The proposed expressway will have fourteen interchanges along its alignment. Five of them are in Xiaogan City, four in Suizhou City and five in Xiangfan City. The interchange locations have the following characteristics: * The interchanges are locaated at the main major cities, industrial development zones and airports. These interchanges will provide direct and convenient access to Xiaonan District, Yumneng County, Anlu county, Suizhou City, Guangshui City, Zaoyang county, Xiangyang County and the Second Automobile Economic Zone, and the one and only airport in in the region in Xiangfan city. * The interchanges will connect state, provincial and county expressways and other key roads in the regions; * The interchanges will connect thirteen most economically developed towns along its alignment: Yandian, Luoyangdian, Hedian, Junchuan, Anju, Huantan, Wangcheng, Wudian, Liangji, Yangang, Juwan, Shuanggou, Gaoying; * The interchanges will link scenery places and natural resources. The Luoyangdian interchange has solved the transport problem between the Dahong Mountain Scenery Area, the Yandian interchange will link Baizaoshan forest park, and the Luoyangdian interchange will connect the local ginkgo production areas; * The interchanges are located 10 to 20 km from the major cities they will link, except Anlu county in order to allow the development cities and townships expansions in the future. The above features have make the full use of the Expressway in a bid to stimulate the local economy, tourism and the rationalization of the local road networks. As such, the interchanges are considered well positioned. 5.7 Indirect Impacts 5.7.1 Indirect Impact on Local Resources The proposed expressway will provide favorable conditions for the exploration of local mninerals. It will enhance greatly the capacity of transportation; raise significatnly motor vehicle speeds, and lower traffic accidents. As a result, the transportation effectiveness and efficiency will be improved, cutting fuel consumption and reducing the transportation cost. All these advantages will Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 79 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-XiangfanExpressway promote the development of various resources reserved in the Project region. However, it will be equally important to manage mineral exploration in order to protect environrnent. The alignment of the proposed expressway has been chosen with consideration of the influence of the expressway construction on the development of local natural resource. The alignment and those interchanges have been positioned the basis of careful consideration and consultation with relevant authorities. For example, Suizhou city is famous for its abundant ginkgo trees. There are about 5.1 million fruit-ginkgo trees and 40 million leaf-ginkgo trees. The fruits and leave of ginkgo trees are both valuable herb medicine materials. Because the Luoyang town locates in the border of Dahong Mountain and the traffic condition is very poor, it is very difficult to transport ginkgo tree products outside of the area to the market. At its current conditions, tt takes about 4.5 hours to truck ginkgo tree products from Luoyang town to Wuhan city, the provincial capital. As the expressway is constructed including the Luoyangdian interchange at the pile number of k137+600 in Luoyang town, trunks will have access to the expressway through the Luoyangdian interchange to Wuhan or Xiangfan city within 2.5 hours. It can be concluded that the proposed expressway will greatly shorten the transportation time and the design of Luoyangdian interchange will improve the development of ginkgo products. In selecting the alignment for the expressway, the EA team and the design unit have considered carefully to avoid the core region of ginkgo trees. Generally speaking, the proposed expressway have little negative impact on ginkgo trees, but have improved conditions for the development of ginkgo tree products significantly. 5.7.2 Indirect Impact on Tourism The expressway construction will create favorable conditions not only to the development of local industries and natural resources, but also to the rapid expansion of the service industry, which in turn will further enhance growth the regional economy including foreign trade, investment and tourism. As a part of Yinchuan-Wuhan Expressway, the proposed project will promote the tourism between Wuhan and Xi'an, a national and internationally renowned tourist attraction featuring many sites of ancient China including the terra cotta warriors. As another example, links with the planned Xiangfan-Shiyan Expressway will help promote tourism of the scenic areas in Wudang Mountains, one of the five major Buddhist holy sites in China. Tourism can be affected both positively and negatively by expressway improvements. While improved access may benefit the local tourism industry and Hubei Provincial Communications Department 80 Environmental Impact Assessment of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway the tourists from home and aboard in the short run, increased human activities may damage tourist attractions leading to a decline in tourists and revenues, if not managed properly. Problems related to increased human activities include solid waste, sanitary wastewater and motor vehicle air emission. The distance from Baizhaoshan forest park to Yandian town is 1.2 km. The tourists are limited due to the poor traffic and access conditions. To further develop the local economy and tourism resources, an interchange has been designed near the east of Yandian town. After the expressway opens to traffic, the access to the forest park the traffic will be more convenient and the tourism resources of Baishaoshan forest park can be expected to be better developed, although this could also affect negative to the forest park through adverse impacts to the environment. In order to maintain the balance of tourism development and environment protection, the construction unit, EA unit, design unit, government of Yandian town, forestry park office of Yandian town, sanitation office of Yandian town and environment protection office have worked together to develop plan for protection and mitigation. Apparently Baizhaoshan Forest Park and expressway alone cannot solve the problem entirely on their own. The support from Yandian Town government for environment management is necessary. It is necessary to find a balance point between the development of tourism and environment protection. And certain protective measures such as locating parking lots at least 300 m away from the park, using electricity powered vehicles within the park, providing sufficient number of garbage bins and flush toilets with septic tanks in the park areas, and are limiting the number of tourists in busy seasons, all required the full support of the local government to implement. The Yandian Town government demonstrated their understanding of the issues and agreement with conclusions of environmental assessment. The government has pledged to take necessary steps in developing environmental management plans according to the number of visitors to the forest park after the expressway construction. They have however considered that Baizhao Mountain is not well promoted and the park facilities have not been well developed, so the number of visitor will not increase greatly in the short term. The environmental management measures will be taken step by step to minimize the initial demands for capital. If the number of visitors increases highly, the township government will take on adequate environmental management measures accordingly. Pending a firn agreement with the township government in the specific mitigation measures and implementation time, the expressway company will put a provisional budget aside to ensure that adequate fund is available for necessary environmental measures to minimize the impacts resulting from increased visitors to the park as the expressway opens to traffic. Details about this provision is presented in section 7.1.12 of this report. Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 81 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway 5.7.4 Indirect Impact of Interchanges There are totally 14 interchanges in the proposed project. The location, configuration and design have been carefully selected jointly by the Project owner, the design unit and the EA team, in order to ensure both engineering and environmental requirements be met during the interchange design stage. Local governments departments were consulted during the process with a focus on the balance of economic development and environmental protection. While the interchanges of the proposed expressway will help promote the local economy it is also expected that motor vehicle volume around of the townships near the interchanges, as well as transit population will increase significantly. Such increases can bring the following environment impacts: * Motor vehicle emissions and noise on the local residents, particularly those living near the interchanges; * More municipal waste, solid or liquid will be generated, adding the loads to the local waste treatment and disposal facilities; * Epidemic diseases cases will increase and control of these diseases will become more difficult; and * The probability of traffic accidents will increase. The above indirect impact caused by the proposed expressway and the interchanges will be difficult to solve by expressway itself. It needs an integrated and comprehensive environmental management plan for the affected regions which will involve the local governments, as well as the expressway management company and the provincial environmental institutions. During the Project EA local governments were consulted for such plans. Many relevant government departments took part in the consultation including the local EPBs, communications departments, sanitary bureau, police and so on. The governnent agencies were briefed of the potential adverse impacts of the Project to the natural environment and local communities and proposed mitigation measures. These government agencies agreed with the EA conclusions and recommendations for actions. The results of the consultation are shown in Table 5.7-1 and the opinions of government agencies in different Project regions were similar. Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 82 EnvironmenialImpact Assessment of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Table 5.7-1 Consultation on Indirect Impact Caused by Interchanges I nfluenced Plcan region Place and Opinions and agreement of the local governments government Date m The communication department will strengthen the traffic management to decrease the probability of traffic accident and ban over-loading vehicles on the Xiaonan district of Xiaogan Xiaonan district city. (Xiaogan), * The sanitary bureau will examine the restaurants, hotels and Xiaogan city, stations periodically. Yunmeng county, Xiaogan City, * The environment department should increase the number of unmengcounty, Jul.2001 sanitary workers to cope with the increase of garbage and anlu on.it equipped more garbage bins beside roads and stations. Yandian township * The environmental protection bureau will monitor the noise and (Anlu). emission periodically. If the pollution situation becomes more serious, measures will be taken to mitigate the pollution and the local govemment should bear the cost. * Police will enforce the public security. * The Suizhou city government and local towns propose to put the indirect impacts caused by expressway into the local development plan. * The communication department will enforce the traffic Luoyangdian management, increase the superintendent of the expressway and Luoyangdian improve traffic signals; township * The sanitary bureau will examine the restaurants, hotels and Hedian township Suizhou City, stations periodically. (Suizhou), Aug.2001 * The environmental sanitation bureau will increase the number (Suizhou)ct, Aof garbage-cart to cope with the increase of garbage and Auizou city, equipped more garbage bins beside roads and stations Anju township (Suizhou) * The environmental protection bureau will monitor the noise and emission periodically. If the pollution situation is more serious, some measures should be taken to mitigate the pollution and the local government should bear the cost. * Police will enforce the public security management, such as bus and railway stations and hotels. * The development zone proposes to add the environment protection problem into the developing plan. * The communication departments of other townships will enforce Zaoyang city, the traffic management, increase the superintendent of the Juwan township expressway and consummate communication sign; (Zaoyang), * The sanitary bureau will examine the restaurants, hotels and Shuanggou stations periodically. township Xiangfan City * The environmental sanitary bureau will increase the number of (Xiangyang), Aug.2001 garbage cart according to the reality to cope with the increase of Development garbage and equipped more dustbins beside roads and stations. zone of * The local EPB should monitor the noise and emission Xiangyang periodically. If the pollution situation is more serious, measures county should be taken to mitigate the pollution and the local govemment should bear the cost. * Police will enforce the public security management of the public, such as stations and hotels. Hubei Provincial Communications Department 83 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway 5.8 Resettlement and Relocation The information contained in this section comes primarily from the Project Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). The RAP was prepared in accordance with relevant requirements and regulations in the PRC as well as the requirement of the World Bank OD4.30, which is safeguard policy on involuntary resettlement. The document was prepared by a team of resettlement specialists through detailed and thorough site surveys, public consultations, infortnation assessment and action planning. 5.8.1 Scope of Resettlement and Relocation Areas, Household and Population The Xiaogan to Xiangfan expressway will occupy a total of 25,805.5 mu (15 mu to a hectare) of land, affecting seven urban districts, 32 townships and 178 villages. The total directly affected families will be 4096, approximately 17,800 people, none of whom involves ethnic minority groups. Among the affected families, 61.1% or 2504 families will be affected by land acquisition, 22.0% or 900 families will lose their houses to the Project and 692 families will be affected by both land and house losses. The Project will not affect any institutions and enterprises in terms of resettlement and relocation. Table 5.8-1 summarizes the areas, households and population affected by the Project resettlement and relocation. Table 5.8-t Scope of Resettlement and Relocation District Land Loss Only House Loss Only Both House and Total ______~~~~~Land Loss household people Househol people household people household people Xiaogan 578 2634 392 1722 271 1281 1241 5637 Xiaonan 243 1159 72 339 54 286 369 1784 Xiaochang 23 80 18 52 3 8 44 140 Yunmeng 137 635 167 738 67 327 371 1700 Anlu 175 760 135 593 147 660 457 2013 Suizhou 807 3562 444 1788 299 1400 1550 6750 Zengdu 807 3562 444 1788 299 1400 1550 6750 Xiangfan 1119 4659 64 248 122 506 1305 5413 Zaoyang 733 2989 35 124 87 345 855 3458 Xiaoyang 386 1670 29 124 35 161 450 1955 Total 2504 10,855 900 3758 692 3187 4096 17,800 Land Acquisition Of the total land to be permanently acquired and occupied by the Project, 75.5% or 19,470.6 mu is cultivated land, 24.5% or 6334.9 mu is non-cultivated land. By land uses, the land can be divided into nine categories, as summarized in Table 5.8-2. Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 84 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expresswayv Table 5.8-2 Categories of Land to be Permanently Occupied by the Projet unit: mu Land Category Xiaogan Suizhou Xiangfan Total Paddy field 5518.7 2547.1 3376.5 11,442.3 Dry Farming 1699.1 1201.6 3740.0 6640.7 Water pond 696.8 259.5 403.1 1359.4 Nursery - 5.7 22.5 28.2 Cultivated land sub-total 7914.6 4013.9 7542.1 19,470.6 WoodlandlFruit trees 666.2 3178.4 676.2 4520.8 House land 322.1 82.5 117.1 521.7 Wasteland 143.2 23.2 107.4 273.8 Others 520.5 196.5 301.6 1018.6 Non-cultivated land sub-total 1652.0 3480.6 1202.3 6334.9 Total 9566.6 7494.5 8744.4 25,805.5 Housing Demolition In total, the Project will require demolition of 192,488.6 m2 of houses, involving mostly brick-wood structure (44.1% of the total) and brick-concrete (33.6%). Zengdu district is affected the most by the demolition (39% of the total) followed by Anilu city (27%). Table 5.8-3 summarizes the scope of the demolition. Table 5.8-3 Project Demolition Unit: M2 Districts Demolition areas Total Brick-concrete Brick-wood Earth-wood Temporary Xiaogan 38,310.6 37,014.4 12,763.4 11,782.0 99,870.4 Xiaonan 14,476.4 6991.7 1627.1 3544.1 26,639.3 Xiaochang 2353.6 1524.9 1260.4 - 5138.9 Yunmeng 6946.4 6780.4 1946.8 535.3 16,208.9 Anlu 14,534.2 21,717.4 7929.1 7702.6 51,883.3 Suizhou 20,102.6 40,753.5 1231.9 13,573.8 75,661.8 Zengdu 20,102.6 40,753.5 1231.9 13,573.8 75,661.8 Xiangfan 6291.6 7140.3 887.3 2673.2 16,956.4 Zaoyang 3773.3 4074.9 81.5 2306.2 10,235.9 Xiaoyang 2518.3 3065.4 331.0 805.8 6720.5 Total 64,704.8 84,908.2 14,882.6 27,993.0 192,488.6 Ground-based Properties Table 5.8-4 summarizes the ground properties located within the "red line" or the property of the expressway. Table 5.8-4 Ground Properties Demolition/Occupation District Sun-yard Water Wall Tomb Tree Tree Fruit tree Fruit tree (m2) well (m) (>10 cm) (<10 cm) (mature) (juvenile) Xiaogan 8028.7 285 2637 1104 34,678 46,524 5623 1007 Xiaonan 1711.6 69 1008 695 1780 6224 1300 - Xiaochang 25 16 174 6 180 1620 39 Yunmeng 4085.5 48 661 31 25,221 2460 168 - AnIu 2206.6 152 794 372 7506 36,220 4116 1007 Suizhou 2861.9 190 980 7682 765,808 263,160 60,270 2090 Zengdu 2861.9 190 980 7682 765,808 263,160 60,270 2090 Xiangfan 2358 44 1332 476 56,627 9174 15 192 Zaoyang 1434 4 470 340 52,397 8614 13,42 192 Xiaoyang 924 40 862 136 4230 560 2078 Total 13,248.6 519 4949 9262 857,122 318,858 81,391 3289 Hubei Provincial Communications Department 85 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Infrastructure Along the Project alignment, there are 849 water control systems, of which 420 are for flood discharge, 206 for irrigation and 223 for integrated systems. The expressway will also come across 661 road ways including 10 national and provincial roads, 25 county roads, 82 township roads, 287 village roads and 255 pedestrian roads. In addition, the expressway will also affect a total of 386 high voltage steel towers, 946 low voltage power poles, and 333 telecommunication poles. 5.8.2 Policy Framework Objectives The overall objective of resettlement and relocation are to restore the life style and production activities of the affected population within a short timne frame and to improve the standard of living. More specifically, the areas and structure of relocated houses will at least meet the standards of the houses demolished, the excess labor will be appropriately arranged, income will be improved through agricultural development, public and specialty structures will be compensated with replacement costs, the production scale, capacity and employment of affected enterprises will not be affected after re-construction, the assets will not be depreciated when being compensated and there will be no tax on the compensation funds. Policies and Regulations The resettlement practices and compensation standards follow relevant laws, regulations and policies of the central government, provincial government and the World Bank safeguard policies, including: Those from the central government: * Land Administration Law of the PRC, of January 1999; * The Circular on Unifying Taxation Rates for Land Occupation by Road Construction Projects of Ministry of Finance, of January, 1990; * The Forest Laws of the PRC, of September 1984; * Mineral Resources Laws of the PRC, of October 1986; and * Interim Guides of Resources Taxation of the PRC, of December 1993. Those from the Hubei provincial government: * Hubei Provincial Land Administration Implementation Guides, of September 1987; * Hubei Provincial Mineral Resources Compensation Collection and Administration Methods of May 1995; * Hubei Provincial Forest Administration Guides of August 1997; and * Circular on Collection Compensation Funds for Soil Reservation and Control Fees for Soil Erosion, of May 2000. Hubei Provincial Communications Department 86 EnvironmenlalImpact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Those of the World Bank: * Operational Directives 4.30 (OD4.30), Involuntary Resettlement. Resettlement Approach and Practice Principles Resettlement and relocation for affected residents and production activities will be implemented through simultaneous re-arrangement and restoration of living and production conditions. A total of 310 mu of land will be used for new residential houses. All affected rural residents will be arranged for other agricultural or non- agricultural opportunities. And all affected domestic utilities supplies and agricultural infrastructure such as water systems and roads will be restored. Re-arrangement and restoration will be implemented through monetary compensation, labor arrangement, and restoration of production conditions. The following principles have been established and will be followed the project resettlement and relocation practice: * Representatives of the affected people and the representatives of the local People's Congress will be present and participate in determination of resettlement and relocation standards, locations, time, fund allocations, and other resettlement and in reaching consent on these issues; * Compensation will be distributed to the asset owner in whole and no organizations or individuals including govemrnents of all levels can utilize the fund on behalf of others; * The values of houses, facilities and properties are determnined by replacement costs and the compensation cannot be intercepted, depreciated or taxed; * All the assets in the original buildings belong to the owners of the buildings and no organizations or individual have the right to dispose them; * The residual values of the demolished materials cannot be deducted and replacement costs shall be determined with the present prices following sufficient market investigation; * Buildings and special facilities shall be demolished and re-built by the owners themselves with the compensation funds distributed prior to demolition; but the resettlement management authority will provide special labor assistance and allowance to the disadvantaged groups; * The labors who lost their land will have their own wills to select re- arrangement on the basis of the relevant state and local regulations and their wills shall be respected; and * On the basis of sufficient consultation, the land utilization shall be reasonable and the occupation of cultivable land for building reconstruction shall be maintained to the minimum. Compensation Standards and Resettlement Locations Land - The compensation for permanent land occupation is determined based on field investigation. Within the Project area, paddy field has one to two crops a year with the average yield of 591 km/mu and production value of RMB6101mu while the dry field typically has one crop per year with average production value of RMB510/mu. According to the existing regulations and with consideration of the Hubei Provincial Communications Department 87 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xrangfan Expressway specific conditions in Hubei province as well as the result of consultation with the local government, the land compensation multiplier is determined to be 6 times of their annual production values. Therefore, the compensation for land occupation can be determined as summarized in Table 5.8-5. Table 5.8-5 Compensation Standards for Permanent Land Occupation Type of Land Average Production Multiplier Compensation Value (RMB/mu) (times) (RMB) Paddy field 610 6 3660 Dray field 510 6 3060 Water pond 610 6 3660 Orchard 510 6 3060 Woodland 510 6 3060 Others 200 . 200 Resident Re-arrangement Standards - According the Land Laws, the standard to re-arrangement a rural resident due to the loss of agricultural land is based on the average production values of the previous three years multiply by 6. According to the land types in the Project area, the average three year production value is RMB537/mu; therefore, the compensation for re-arranging a rural resident is RMB3222. It is estimated that the Project will need to re-arrange 14,848 rural residents requiring a total of RMB47,840,256. Based on the total land occupied, it would be RMB 1854/mu on average. Un-harvest Crops - Following a consultation, the compensation to the un-harvest crop will be determined based on the average production values of the previous three years. As such, the paddy field will be RMB610/mu, and dry field, RMB5 10/mu. Temporary Land Occupation - Temporary land occupation for one year, the compensation will be the average production values of the previous three years. Occupation exceed one years, add the yearly compensation for each additional year the land is occupied by construction. In addition, the contractors must be responsible for restore the land to its original surface soil and production conditions including associated infrastructures. Housing - The standards are determrined through repeated consultations with village committees, rural residents and other affected organizations and individuals, as well as the opinions of the local governments. The compensation for brick- concrete, brick-wood, earth-wood and simple structures are RMB220, 150, 100 and 60 per square meter, respectively. In addition, house owners will be compensated for moving cost, work leaves and land preparation at the one-time rates of RMB750 for houses larger than 100 squire meter and RMB375 for houses equal to and smaller than 100 square meter. According to field surveys, housing relocation along the entire Project alignment is less than 7 houses per village on average. All new houses will be relocated within Hubei Provincial Communications Department 88 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment ofXiaogan-XiangfanExpressway the same villages, in areas with good surrounding environment but occupy as little of cultivated land as possible. Utilities - Power line towers/poles affected by the Project will be re-built in different locations. The compensation standards are summarized in Table 5.8-6 below. Table 5.8b Compensation Utilities Items Facility Compensation (RMB) 500,000 v power line Tower 500,000 220,000 v power line Tower 200,000 1 120,000 v power line Tower 150,000 35,000 v power line Tower 50,000 10,000 v power line Tower 5000 380 v or less power line Pole 600 Communication line pole 800 The new locations for the utility facilities will be in the same areas determined by professionals. The relocation will be completed promptly to minimize the normal life and production needs for people along the Project alignment. Ground-based Property - The standards are summarized in Table 5.8-7. Table 5.8-7 Compensation for Ground-based Properties Items Unit Compensation (RMB) Sun yard Square meter 10 Water well No. 200 Wall Meter 10 Tomb No. 300 Tree (>10 cm in diameter) No. 25 Tree (<10 cm in diameter) No. 5 Fruit tree (juvenile) No. 5 Fruit tree (mature) No. 60 Irrigation System - Project Executing Agency will be responsible to restore the irrigation system occupied by the Project. During the construction, temporary irrigation systems will be built to ensure the irrigation and agricultural activities can continued unaffected. 5.8.3 Resettlement Organizations Organizations The organizations for resettlement management for this Project include: * Hubei Xiaogan to Xiangfan Expressway Resettlement Leading Group which is established in September 2000 is responsible for the overall resettlement planning, compensation standards determination and fund allocation. Under Hubei Provincial CommunicationsDepartment 89 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway this leading group, each cities, counties and districts along the Project alignment have established their own resettlement leading groups. * Hubei Provincial Resettlement and Relocation Office, established in September 2000 and similar offices in the affected cities, counties and districts are responsible for policies issues, government liaison, and overall coordination. * Hubei Communication Planning and Design Institute is responsible for resettlement and relocation surveys and necessary design work. * Wuhan University Demography Research Institute is responsible for population census, technical consultation for the surveys and being a independent resettlement monitoring organization. Personnel The above resettlement and relocation organizations have been staffed with full time personnel since the start of the resettlement work. All organizations will be in operation from September 2000 to March 2006 for this Project. The personnel summary is presented in Table 5.8-8. Table 5.8 8 Stafflng of Reset lement Organizations Organization Staff size per Total staff Staff Qualification office Provincial Resettlement Office S 10 University City Resettlement Offices 5 48 Community college County Resettlement Offices 6 54 Community college Township Resettlement Offices 4 100 Vocation school Village committee 2 260 Village leaders Survey Organization 15 15 University Independent monitoring 6 6 Post graduate Consultants 2 2 Post graduate Training In September 2000 and again in December 2000, training of resettlement personnel was conducted. The two training covered mainly state and local resettlement and relocation policies, regulations and laws, the World Bank's OD4.30, computer data base management, resettlement procedures, compensation funds management, restoration of affected facilities and handling of public complaints. In addition, more training will be conducted and the contents, trainees and scheduled training time are presented in Table 5.8-9. Table 5.8-9 Additional Training for Resettlement Management Personnel Training Contents Trainees Dates Data utilization and management City/county offices March 2001 Land delineation and data update City/county offices May 2001 Policy coordination City/county/township offices June 2001 Village fund utilization planning and monitoring City/county/township offices July 2001 Compensation fund management and statistics City/county offices August 2001 Resettlement procedures City/county offices December 2001 Internal monitoring procedures City/county offices February 2002 Dispute resolution methods City/country offices May 2002 Hubei Provincial Communications Depanment 90 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway_ Information disclosure The Provincial Resettlement and Relocation Office has prepared a resettlement pamphlet for public distribution. The information related to resettlement has also been distributed to the public through public meetings and board notices in the Project areas. The objective is to be transparent for quantity, compensation standards and compensation amounts. The resettlement pamphlet contains the following information: * Project brief description; * Resettlement and relocation policies and compensation standards; * Affected population, compensation standards and amounts; * Affected population's rights and responsibilities; and * The addresses and complaint telephone numbers for local resettlement and relocation offices. 5.8.4 Impacts of Resettlement According to repeated surveys and careful calculation, the replacement costs for the houses, the compensation funds are higher. Therefore, it can be expected that the new houses following the relocation will be better than those to be replaced. As such the standard of living in terms of housing conditions is expected to improve as a result of the Project. In addition, the land for new houses will be carefully selected to be more suitable for living and all the schools to be relocated will be within the same village. The overall impacts on housing is expected to be positive. There could potentially be adverse impacts during the resettlement and relocation process. The major such impacts are expected to potentially occur in the following aspects: * Mis-management of land compensation and re-arrangement assistance funds. If this occurs the affected residents would not receive in full and/or in time of the funds resulting in serious disturbance of income opportunities for the affected. * The new land assigned for the relocated residents are not satisfactory, resulting in disputes and/or negative impacts on the lifestyle or standard of living. * For those small and/or simple structures, the compensation funds will be small which may not be sufficient to build new houses as a replacement. Mitigation for these adverse impacts are presented in Chapter 7. Hubei Provincial Communications Department 91 Environmental Impact Assessment ofAXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway 5.8.5 Estimated Costs The total estimated cost for the resettlement and relocation for the Xiaogan to Xiangfan expressway is RMB618,519,702. This cost has already been included in the Project budget. The break down of this cost is presented in Table 5.8-9. Table 5.8-9 Estimated Cost for Resettlement and Relocation Items Unit Quantity Standards (RMBfunit) Amounts (RMB) Land compensation mu 32,101.9 200 to 3660 81,457,542 Resident re-arrangement person 14,848 3222 47,840,256 Un-harvest crops mu 25,805.5 490 12,644,695 Housing m 211,677.5 60 to 220 33,161,203 Moving household 1592 525 to 900 1,186,050 Toilets rebuilding household 1592 150 840,600 Land restoration mu 310 3660 238,800 Ground-based property 30,986,621 Design change mu 3500 5500 19,250,000 Power supply Tower/pole 3663 600 to 500,000 27,154,400 Road restoration 24,300,000 Irrigation restoration 60,750,000 Peripheral land mu 774 5500 4,257,000 Pond restoraton mu 1359.4 3000 4,078,200 Fees and taxes 154,422,197 Contigency 75,429,232 Management fee 40,228,924 Total I 618,519,702 5.9 Safeguards Assurance and Compliance There are 10 safeguard policies in the World Bank which could apply to a Bank financed project. The Project EA includes an initial screening and, where triggered, full application of the safeguard policies. The following summarizes the safeguards issues for this Project. OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment - This is a Category A project and as such a full environmental assessment has been completed. This document, as well as an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and EA Summary are prepared as a result of the EA. OP 4.04 Natural Habitats - The entire Project area, including the subproject areas for connecting and rural roads, has been completely modified from its original native state by a very long history of hurnan activities. There is however a park, the Baizhaoshan Forest Park, located approximately 1.2 km from the proposed expressway. The park is primarily a theme park featuring one of the famous poets in the Chinese history, Li Bai (born on 701 AD in the Tang Dynasty). There are only very few native plants and little wild animals in the park, with most of the trees planted within the last 50 years. Since Li Bai's time, there have been Hubei ProvincialCommunications Departmeni 92 Environmental Impact Assessment of Xiaogan-XiangfanExpressway permanent inhabitants in the mountain, as well as a "Temple of First Teacher" for visitors to pay their homage and respects to the great poet. Therefore, a full assessment for the natural habitats is not triggered according to the guidelines of OP4.04. The project is expected to have very limited direct impacts to the forest park. Indirectly, however, the expressway will bring more tourists to the park. Up to 50% to 80% increase in tourist from the current level of maximumr 100 per day can be expected five years after the expressway opens to traffic, causing increased disturbance to the park area and surrounding environment. An assessment of indirect impact has been included in the EA (sections 5.2.4 and 5.7.2), so are mitigation measures planned for minirnize the impacts (section 7.1.12). OP 4.09 Pest Management - Within the Suizhou section of the expressway area, one natural disaster involving pests occurred in the record Between 1964 to 1974, the authorities had to fly 1800 sorties of pesticide airplanes to bring the pest under control. Since 1980's however, the area has never experienced any pest problem. While the Project will involve a large scale landscaping in the medium and both sides of the expressway, the species selected for landscaping will all be pest resistant. Experience from maintain such species of plants in the similar regions (e.g., other expressways in the province) shows no need for specific pest control. Therefore, the Project will not include the procurement of any pesticides nor is the project expected to lead to an increase use of pesticides, thus no further action is taken. OPN 11.03 (being converted to OP 4.11) Cultural Property - The Project has undertaken a cultural property survey and assessment under the EA to determine if any project sites have archeological, historical, religious, or unique natural values as required under the OPN. A cultural property survey and evaluation report has been prepared by a team of professional archeologists and cultural specialists. The key findings from the report are included in this EA report in Section 4.3.5 for baseline, Section 5.6.4 for impact assessment and Section 7.1.8 and Section 7.2.5 for mitigation planning. Similar actions have also been included in the EMP. OD 4.20 (being converted to OP 4.10) Indigenous Peoples - The surveys during the EA and resettlement evaluation showed that there are no indigenous peoples with characteristics described in 0D4.20 Paragraph 5 among the project affected groups and residents. Thus no further assessment or actions are taken in this regard. OD 4.30 (being converted to OP 4.12) Involuntary Resettlement - The project will involve significant land acquisition and involuntary resettlement. A Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of OD4.30. The key findings of RAP are presented in this report in Section 5.8 and Section 7.1.9 for mnitigation measures. Hubei Provincial Communications Department 93 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-XiangfanExpressway OP 4.36 Forestry - The Project will not finance forest management or logging in tropical moist forests. The Project will occupy a significant amount (4521 mu) of woodland of secondary or newly planted trees. There is no primary or native forest in the Project area. The impact on woodland is included in the EA and this report in Section 4.2.3 for baseline, Section 5.2.3 for impact assessment and Section 7.2.1 for mitigation. OP 4.37 Safety of Dams - No dam construction or repair is included in the Project, thus no action on this issue is necessary. OP 7.50 International Waterways - There are no Project components that involve international waterways as defined under OP7.50, thus no further action is necessary. OP 7.60 Disputed Area - The project is not located in any known disputed areas, so no further action is needed. BP 17.50 Public Disclosure - HPCD agrees to follow the Bank's disclosure requirements and disclose project documentation in-country and to the InfoShop of the World Bank. The Project EA documentation including EIA reports and EMPs which include proposed mitigation measures to the affected population, have been distributed to local (county) libraries and other venues with good public access as part of the in-country public disclosure. The availability of the EA reports has been announced in a local media distributed province wide. HPCD has agreed to distribute the final EA documentation in the Bank's InfoShop in early April 2002. Hubei Provincial Communications Department 94 Environnmental Impact Assessment of Aiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Chapter 6 Analysis of Alternatives The analysis of alternative expressway alignments is prepared by the EA team following extensive consultation and discussion with staff from the expressway design unit and the resettlement team, as well as extensive field investigation of all alternative and sub-alternative alignment sites and information gathering and assessment. On this basis, this chapter analyzes and compare the different alternatives, focusing primarily on environmental and socio-economic factors. The final selection has been jointly agreed with other project teams as well as with HPCD. The analysis of alternatives has been done in two stages: Three alternative expressway corridors were first proposed, analyzed and compared. A preferred corridor alternative was then selected based the least overall environmental and socio-economic impacts. At the second stage, six sub-alternatives, which fall in four relatively short expressway segments were identified and analyzed within the preferred corridor alternative. The final expressway alignment, on which Project expressway is to be constructed, is selected among the sub-alternatives along the preferred corridor alternative based on the least overall environmental and socio- economic impacts. 6.1 Analysis of Corridor Alternatives 6.1.1 Description of Alternatives At the project inception and preliminary feasibility study stage, the design team proposed three general expressway alignment: alternatives 1, 11 and 111, based on considerations on the overall project objective as well as various engineering, environmental and social factors. The alternatives are: * Alternative I: starting from southern district of Xiaogan city, ending at the Haoying township, Xiangyang county and connecting with Xiangfan to Shiyan section of the Han-Shi Expressway. The Alternative I links some of the important cities in Hubei Province including Xiaogan, Yunmeng, Anlu, Suizhou, Zaoyang, Hengyang and Xiangfan. The total length of Alternative I is 242.8 km. * Alternative II: Compared with Alternatives 1, Alternative 11 diverts from Anlu, Suizhou and Zaoyang but is closer to Yingcheng and Jingshan counties. After passing Xiangyang county, Alternative 1I merges with Alternative 1. The connecting design with Xiangyang county and Xiangyang city is also identical with Alternative 1. The total length of this alignment is 252.22 km, 9.42 km longer than Alternative I. Hubei PrivincialCommunications Department 95 Environmental Impact Assessment of,Yiaogan-Xiang/an Erpressway * Alternative III: Compared with the previous two alternatives, this proposed alignment diverts away from Xiaogan and Yunmeng. but is closer to Suizhou. After passing through Suizhou, however, the alignment becomes identical with Alternative I. The connection designs for Zaoyang, Xiangyang and Xiangfan are also identical with Alternative 1. The total length of Alternative III is 235.22 km, shorter by about 7.58 km than Alternative I but longer by 17 km than Alternative 11. The location and orientation of the three alternatives are presented in Map 6-1 and the engineering specifications are presented in Table 6.1-1. Table 6.1-1 Engineering Specifications of Alternatives Alignments Items Unit Alternative I Alternative 11 Alternative III Alignment length km 242.8 252.22 235.22 Earth work X1000 m' 26,222.9 27.351.1 22,238.1 Stone work XIOOO ml 8364.9 10,712.5 7752.1 Drainage and protection Xi1000 m13 583.9 1753.1 1424.0 Pavement XI100m ' 5395.98 5459.0 5081.66 Extra-large/large bridges meter/No. 9050/30 8020/30 11,768/47 Medium bridges meter/No. 3 171/52 8332/30 4352/67 Small bridges 963/44 3569/125 2858/88 Culverts 508 557 651 Interchanges 14 1 1 12 Grade separate passes 45 36 40 Under passes/overpasses 482/90 577/28 477/87 Total cost 733843.3 806682.3 725178.8 Cost per km 3022.42 3198.33 3082.99 Connecting road length 19.70(new) 11.89(new) 8.89(new) 16.88 (upgrade) 11 7.50(upgrade) 1.40(upgrade) Connecting road cost 18195.99 54408.7 5152.75 Traffic (2005) 14212 12940 13343 Traffic (2010) 21401 18977 19581 Traffic (2020) 49552 45330 46780 Terrain configurations About 30 km in About 60 km in About 30 km hilly areas and the hilly areas and the hilly areas and rest in mild hilly rest in mild hills. the rest in mild areas Soil erosion areas hilly areas 6.1.2 Environmental Considerations and Comparison This section compares the various and socio-economic factors for the three alternative alignments proposed by the engineering team. The preferred alternative is selected when all factors are considered. Soil Erosion The same soil erosion model used in Chapter 5 is applied to all three alternatives to project soil erosion under the different scenarios. The coefficients in the models are, however, different for the alternatives as the terrain and site conditions differ from one another. The coefficients which are different among the alternatives are: Ilutbei Privincial Communications Department 96 i jI Env'ironmnental In?pacc Assessment ofXiaoigan-Xiangfan Expresswav * Soil erosionability coefficient Alternative 1, 0.42 t/h Alternative II: 0.36 t/h Alternative III: 0.4 t/h; * Terrain configuration (hillside length and gradient) coefficient: Alternative 1 200 m/6° Alternative 11 150 m/7° Alternative III 150 m/6° * The vegetation coefficient is identical for all three alternatives as during the construction the surface vegetation for all three alignment areas will be disturbed. Similarly, the mitigation measures are identical as the same mitigation measures would be applied to any of the alternatives finally selected. Using the model, the soil erosion impacts are predicted for the three alternatives and the result is presented Table 6.1-2. Table 6.1-2 Comparison of Soil Erosion Items Unit Alternative I Alternative 11 Alternative ______III _ 111__ Erosion intensity t/kmI year 6623.4 6976.9 5895.6 Annual soil lost t 153,900 170,800 117,600 Total soil lost during construction t 615,500 683.000 470,500 Incremental soil lost due to Project t 466,100 533,600 360700 Total soil lost due to the Project t 653,100 736,800 506,600 Clearly, Alternative III would have the least impacts on soil erosion, followed by Alternative 1. Alternatives would have the worst soil erosion among the alignments. Land occupation and vegetation Seen from Table 6. 1-1, among the three Alternative 11 would permanently occupy the largest amount of land, while Alternative 111, the least. As for the land uses, Alternative I would occupy the largest amount of paddy field, Alternative 111, the least. On the other hand, Alternative 11 would occupy highest amount of woodland followed by Alternative III while Alternative I would occupy only half of that by Alternative 11. The paddy field loss is relatively easy to compensate through land re-arrangement; but the lost woodland would take a long time to recover. Woodland is also of higher ecological values than paddy field and in fact it is a national conservation policy to return certain farmland to wood land especially in hilly areas. Therefore, for land occupation and site ecology impact, Alternative would be least while Alternative 11, the worst. Wild Animals Due to the long history of human activities in the Alternatives I and III areas, there is no significant wild animal or endangered species. Alternative would have 60 km within mountainous areas and pass through the foot of Dahong Mountain Hubei PrivincialConinunications Department 97 Environmental Impact Assessment of Xiaogan-Xiang/an Expressway which are a known habitat for wild animals including nationally listed endangered species. Should this Alternative be implemented, the animal habitats and reproduction in this area would be adversely affected. Therefore, with regard to wild animals, alternatives I and III are similar, with no significant impacts whereas Alternative II would have the most serious impacts. Noise The way to compare noise impacts of the alternatives is to compare the number of noise sensitive receptors along the alternatives alignments, the noise impact extent and the cost of mitigation measures (see Appendix Table I to 6). This comparison is summarized in Table 6.1-3. The same noise assessment and mitigation standards are applied to the sensitive receptors of all three alternatives. Table 6.1-3 Noise Sensitive Receptors and Mitigation Cost Items Unit Alternative I Alternative II Alternative III Total Number 63 48 51 Village Number 50/54* 37/43 39/45 Township Number I 0 0 School Number 9/10 5/5 7/7 Hospital Number 1/1 0 0 Mitigation cost xlO00 RMB 2,221 2,761 2,922 * the number of receptors exceeding applicable standards/total of sensitive receptors The above table indicates that Alternative I would impact the most sensitive receptors, while it's cost of mitigation measures is the least. Water Quality The rivers crossed by the three alternatives are summarized in Table 6.1-4. Table 6.1-4 Rivers crossed by the Alternative Alignments County/City Alternative I Alternative II Alternative III Xiaochang I Xiaonan 4 4 Yunmeng 2 4 Yingcheng I Jingshan 7 Anlu 5 6 Guangshui Suizhou 6 5 8 Zaoyang 10 I I Xiangyang 4 10 4 Total 31 32 31 Combined Width of rivers crossed 3950 4520 4862 As for the number of rivers, the three alternatives are nearly identical; only different regions may have different numbers of the rivers. As for the combined width of the all rivers crossed by the alignments, however, Alternative I is the shortest while Alternative III, the widest. As such, Alternative I would have the least impacts to water quality during construction. As the risk of accidental spills on the bridge and pollution of the rivers underneath is proportionally to the width Huibei Privincial Communications Department 98 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-AXangfan Expressivay of the rivers crossed by the expressway (Chapter 5), Alternative I would also have the least risk during the operation stage, when compared with the other two alternatives. Safety The number of bridges for Alternative I is much less than that for the other two alternatives and the mountain cut for Alternative I is the least of the three. As such this alternative has the least potential safety hazards, which is proportional to the bridge construction and mountain cut work during the construction stage. As the design specifications are nearly identical for all three alternatives, the safety impact during the operation phase is expected to be very similar. Cultural Relics Based on the field investigation by specialists from Hubei Cultural Relics Research Institute, three cultural relics sites are found along Alternative I alignment, where six each are found for the other two alternatives. (See Map 6-2) Alternative I therefore has the least cultural property impacts. Irrigation EA team field investigation shows that Altemative I would affect 552 irrigation facilities, Alternative 11, 682, and Alternative 111, 739. Clearly, Alternative I would have the least impacts on irrigation systems among the three. 6.1.3 Socioi-economic Consideration and Comparison Comparison of Alternatives I and III The overall orientations of Alternatives I and III are almost identical, except due to the difference in locations for crossing the national trunk highway Beijing to Zhuhai (Jin-Zhu) Expressway, Alternative III runs 10 km to the north, in parallel to Alternative I (see Map 6-I). The most significant merit for Alternative Ill is it is close to Suizhou and would play an important role in the development of the city. Moreover, the crossing with Jin-Zhu Expressway is more appropriate from the engineering point view compared with Alternative 1. However, Alternative II] is far away from Xiaogan city (about 28 km to the city center). As Xiaogan is one of the most important cities in the Project region and an important source for traffic on the expressway, the long distance to Xiaogan would have adverse impacts to the city's development as well as to the traffic volume on the expressway. Because of these reasons, the Government of Xiaogan and communication authorities are firmJy against Alternative III. Based on considerations on the regional economic and transportation development, Alternative I is preferred to Alternative 111, especially Alternative I is not too far (about 12 km) from Suizhou. Hubei PrivincialCommunications Department 99 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressivay On resettlement and relocation, Alternative III is close to well developed and population intensity areas along National Highway (NH) 316, there would be more resettlement than Alternative 1. The impacts to the life of residents along the expressway would also be higher. On the transportation aspect, Alternative I is also preferred over Alternative III as it would provide traffic the more efficient routes and closer to major urban centers. Based on the above discussion, Alternative I is preferred over Alternative III based on socio-economic considerations. Comparison of Alternatives I and II The corridor orientations of Alternatives I and 1 differ significantly. Alternative III links Xiaonan, Yunmeng, Yingcheng and Jingshan, benefiting the economic and transportation development of these regions. The alternative would particularly improve the transportation conditions in the region north of Dahong Mountain which is currently poorly connected with the outside. However, Alternative III divers some of the most important urban centers in the region such Anlu, Suizhou and Zaoyang. It does not match well with the planned Automobile Industry Corridor of Hubei and serves poorly in the regional highway network. Except Xiaonan, Yunrmeng, Yingcheng and Jingshan governments who support Alternative II based on their regional interest, all other governments in the region object this alternative. With regard to resettlement and relocation, land occupation differs only slightly between Alternatives I and 11. Overall, Alternative I occupies less land but more cultivated land mostly on hills. On the other hand, Alternative II has less resettlement and occupies less land; but at the Xiaonan and Yunmeng sections, the land occupied by Alternative 11 is mostly high-yield land. The areas have high population and village density but less land, land occupation at this area would have a high impact. Comparing with socio-economic factors, Alternative I is the preferred alternative among the three proposed. The above and other socio-economic factors for the three alternatives are summarized in Table 6.1-5 which supports the Alternative I conclusion. Table 6.1-5 Comparison of Socio-economic Factors Factors Alternative I Alternative 11 Alternative III Resettlement 187,220 m! 164,290 m! 194,950 m' Relocation 13,757 people 11,500 people 15,000 people Community Severance Cut 572 village roads Cut 605 village roads Cut 564 village roads Local government opinion All support or Only Xiaogan Xiaogan strongly basically support supports objects Hnibei Privincial Commutnications Department 100 - . __>------ - V- ______A Legend 1:900,000 - HI. X L i t. 0 W -- L_S_kX nrA ca CW; K-- Ž< <> /~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4.. i_..;,. 6 2: A,/zM, - *03- - =d X / ,, Map 6--Cultural kelics onAlte i v Map 6-2:Cultural Relics on Alternative 1,11,111 Environmenial Impact .4ssessment ofXiaogan-Aiangfan Expresswvav Table 6.1-5 Comparison of Socio-economic Factors (Continucd) Factors Alternative I Alternative 11 Alternative III Link all major cities; Improve Dahong Link most of cities Regional economy on the auto industry Mountain regional except Xiaogan; on the corridor transportation auto industry corridor Clos I inkswi More disturbance with Affects adversely the Road network NH107 ank wit6 existing roads; poor link with Jin-Zhu link with road network expressway Sound positioning Far from key sources Sound positioning and Interchange and itioning of traffic: intervals not close to traffic sources reasonable except Xiaogan 6.1.4 Conclusion of the Analysis of Alternatives Both environmental and socio-economic assessment show that Alternative I is overall best choice. Although in some aspects Alternative I may not be as good as the other corridor alternatives, Alternative I is the preferred corridor alternative, with all factors considered. This conclusion has been agreed and supported by HPCD. 6.2 Analysis of Sub-alternatives Within the preferred expressway corridor alignment, Alternative 1, six sub- alternatives to Alternative I were original identified in four expressway segments. To avoid confusion and facilitate discussion and comparison of the sub- alternatives, the sub-alternative segments on Alternative I are named Sub- alternative A, and those which are alternative to A are named B1, B2 and B3 (within the Xiaogan segment), C (Suizhou segment), D (Zaoyang segment) and E (Xiangfan segment), respectively (See Map 6-3). Xiaogan Segment This is a segment of the expressway located within the Anlu county and Yunmeng county area. Four sub-alternatives have been proposed, including that on the preferred alignment, for this segment. As seen in Map 6.3 however, the beginning and the ending points of the sub-alternatives are not identical and as such, the comparison among the four segments may be made directly against one another. Nevertheless, the four segments are compared together in an attempt to compare and where appropriate, engineering and environmental features are factored in as per kilometer based for direct comparison to help determine the most optimal sub- alternative for this segment. Table 6.2-1 lists key attributes of the sub-alternatives for the Xiaogan segment. To provide a direct comparison, as well as a general comparison among all the sub- alternatives, each of the sub-alternative B's are paired with its corresponding alignment on Sub-alternative A. The table, as well as the analysis in this section shall be read together with Map 6-6. Hubei PrivincialCommunications Department 101 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Table 6.2-1 Comparison of Sub-alternatives for the Xiaogan Segment Sub-alternative Item Unit Pair I Pair 2 Pair 3 A B1 A B2 A B3 Length Km 18.76 18.95 22.31 22.15 46.79 47.20 Earth work 1000 ml 1547 1321 3181 3410 5523 6877 Drainage work 1000 ml 76.8 73.8 75.9 76.7 177.4 195.2 Extra-large M/No. 687.1/1 777.1/1 487.5/1 817.6/1 687.0/1 2341.8/3 bridge Large bridge M/No. 217.1/1 314.7/2 0/0 306.6/1 704.6/2 463.5/2 Medium bridge M/No. 155.9/2 158.8/2 311.0/5 174.4/3 525.9/8 373.2/6 Small bridge M/No. 79/3 26/1 161.0/7 169.0/7 240.0/10 381.0/14 Culvert No. 33 41 33 23 73 71 Interchange No. I 1 1 1 Grade separation No. 5 4 4 4 l l 4 Under/over- No. 45 41 44 48 102 101 passes Engineering cost Million 530.3 551.0 585.7 590.0 1284.4 1342.0 Unit cost Million/km 28.3 29.1 26.3 26.6 27.5 28.4 Table 6.2-2 compares the sub-altematives from environmental and socio- economic aspects. Once again, Sub-altemative A is paired with each of the Sub- altemative B's for direct comparison. Table 6.2-2 Environmental and Socio-economic Factors of Xiaogan Segment Sub-alternatives Sub-alternative Item Unit Pair I Pair 2 Pair 3 A BI A B2 A B3 Village No. 4 23 23 20 28 33 School No. I 3 2 3 0 1 Township No. 0 0 0 0 3 2 Hospital/Retirement House No. 0 0 0 0O 0 Total sensitive receptor No. 5 26 25 24 31 36 No. sensitive receptor per No./km 0.27 1.37 1.12 1.04 0.66 0.76 km Soil Erosion Modest Severe Severe Modest Land occupation Mut 1587 1787 1880 1908 4264 4350 Land occupied per km Miu/km 84.6 94.3 84.3 86.3 91.3 92.2 High yield paddv field Mit 1212 698 785 1432 2354 1433 Paddy field per km M4i/km 64.6 36.8 33.5 64.2 50.3 30.4 Demolition lo' M 13.0 28.7 23.1 8.5 38.5 50.7 Demolition perkm M lkm 690 1510 1036 385 823 1074 Resettled people No. 190 350 500 360 480 600 Resettled people per km No./km 10.1 18.5 22.4 16.1 10.3 12.7 Cultural relics sites No. 2 1 The above table indicates that no sub-altemative is clearly better than all others in terms of adverse environmental and socio-economic impacts. Each sub-altemative has its merits and at the same time, some drawbacks. When Sub-alternative BI was first proposed (see Map 6-4), the objective it to avoid to be too close to the urban area of Anlu city and could impede the city's development. However, Sub- alternative B I would affect much more sensitive receptors and as such adverse Hitbei Privincial ComminicationsDepartment 102 JxJ Map 6-4 Xiaogan Segment-Sub-aiternative BI and A (Corresponding to BI) Yun'an Viaduct Anlu Interchange Speci'al Large Bridge Yunmeng ~~Gunzi River Park-ing Area Large Bridge N~KO co 4kA, A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(Sensitive spot A-- Borroing Pit PW C ______® N 0~~( o) B~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'KEnd B1fA*AK109+174 488 K90:~ ~ UIEP.ve 3Bnd B~~19-7.8 (e, ~~~~~~~~~~4~Anlu Interchange =A!iK1O09-r266.421 Yunmeng K95 Fu River ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~BaihuaReservoir Bnidge - - Parking Area -- Special Larg,e Bridge Large 7- - ____~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. ______~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i.. - ______...... i- x aa x 'x y. - - ai ksla- aaaasiL b iP Stake KIO ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~K9S K~IDOOi Environlnenlal Impacr .issessment ofXAiaogan-XYiangfan Expressirav impacts from noise, air quality and community severance would be much higher that Sub-alternative A. At the same time, it would occupy more land and affect more people in resettlement and relocation. The main reason to propose Sub-alternative B2 (see Map 6-5) is an attempt to minimize the amounts of resettlement and relocation. However, Sub-alternative B2 occupies more high yield farm land, resulting in higher impacts to agriculture than Sub-alternative A. In addition, as Sub-alternative B2 has higher earth work and much more borrow pits (15) than Sub-alternative A (7). This would not only occupy more land but also result in severer soil erosion during construction. In order to avoid the adverse impacts to Anlu city's development as well as the problems arisen from Sub-alternatives B] and B2, a third sub-alternative, Sub- alternative B3 was proposed which moves the expressway alignment further south by 4.5 km (Map 6-6). This sub-alternative has the following environmental and socio-economic advantages: * The field investigation by the EA team indicates that 40% land occupied by Sub-alternative B3 is non-cultivated land, whereas high yield paddy field occupied by this sub-alternative is only 1433 mu, or 30.4 mu/km, which is the lowest among the sub-alternatives for this segment. Therefore, Sub- alternative B3 has the least agricultural impacts. * The borrow pits for Sub-alternative B3 will occupy 2295 mu while for approximately the same length of the expressway, Sub-alternative A will occupy 2775 mu land. The less borrow pits occupation also implies less soil erosion concern during construction. * There is only one cultural relics site for Sub-alternative B3 compared with two sites for Sub-alternative A. (the other two pairs of sub-alternatives would also have two cultural relics sites if their length equals to this pair). * By adopting Sub-alternative B3, the Yunmeng connecting road would be shortened by 5.9 km, which would mean to occupy less land, impose less environmental impacts to the surrounding areas on this 5.9 km of road. * Sub-alternative B3 receives the most support from the local governments. Anlu city supports because it avoid occupation of urban area of the city whereas Xiaogan city and Yunmeng county also support it as Sub- alternative B3 is closer to these city areas. Clearly, Sub-alternative B3 has some disadvantages compared with other sub- alternatives. It will go through more sensitive receptors and thus have wide impacts from noise, air quality, and community severance. This sub-alternative will also affect more people in terms of resettlement and relocation. A detailed noise prediction assessment has conducted in Chapter 5 and the results including sub-alternative B3 are presented in Table 5.4-10 (No.9-39) and Table 5- 4-1 1 (No. 1-2). Mitigation measures will be taken for those which predicted to be exceed applicable noise standards and these specific measures are included in Hubei PrivincialCommunications Department 103 Environmental Impact Assessment of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expresswvay Table 7.1-3 (No.9-39) and Table 7.1-4 (No. 1-2). The total estimated cost for the mitigation measures will be RMBO.963 million which will be included in the Project budget. The resettlement for Sub-alternative B3 will comply with the applicable standards for compensation. With all environmental, socio-economic and other factors considered, particularly the opinions of the local governments, Sub-alternative B3 is selected jointly by the design, resettlement and EA teams for the Xiaogan segment. Specific mitigation measures for impacts to sensitive receptors, water quality, and resettlement and relocation have been designed and included in the Project EMP to offset the higher environmental impacts in these aspects. HPCD has agreed with this sub-alternative selection. Suizhou segment This segment is located in the hilly zone of the Suizhou area. To avoid massive deep cut and high fill, as well as to shorten the expressway alignment, the design team proposed to move the alignment further north as Sub-alternative C to the corridor alignment Sub-alternative A (see Map 6-7). The key engineering attributes of the comparing sub-alternatives are presented in Table 6.2-3. Table 6.2-3 Key Engineering Features of Sub-alternatives A and C Itern unit Sub-alternative A (corresponding to C) c Length km 15.64 14.42 Land occupation mu 1556 1300 High yield paddy field mut 289 234 Demolition M 20,252 5892 Drainage work lO, ml 155.8 159.2 Large bridge M/No. 457/1 1266/5 Medium bridge M/No. 217/2 322/8 Small bridge M/No. 102/2 322/8 Culverts No. 26 23 Interchange No. Grade separation No. 2 I Over/under-pass No. 38 3 1 Engineering cost Million RMB 564 576 Table 6.2-3 shows that Sub-alternative C is about 1.2 km shorter than Sub- alternative A and the alignment is more smooth. It is however, passes through the north end of Qingshuihe reservoir and there are more bridge work for Sub- alternative C than the matching sub-alternative. The key environmental and socio-economic factors are presented in Table 6.2-4. Hutbei PrivincialCommtunications Department 104 Map 6-5 Xiaogan Segment-Sub-alternative B2 and A (Corresponding to B2) K85 Shahuangdianr Large Bridge \ y ixxt 7~~~~~~3 ~~~~~#A# Huan River Yumeng -a-t Special Large Bridge Interchange K75 rV K70~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - KO-B1ol Irtcchng Xiaoga-n Interchangeun RverHun Rve - ..------.. - . -.-..- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- u. -n -, ga~~~~~~~g~~~~~~sr -7 ~ Stake . K6 0P KCI g A (Corresponding to C) MapB-7:Suizhou Segment -- Sub-alternative C and 6~6-7 ~, A3 ~3Di,posa Sit, Large bigTw C End inAn.,','l C1)tt K I30-r619.95 0.I: K130±619.959 Stani in suizhou QYghiRvrtanda Town River~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ W7 Lnt~~~~~~~~~ch~~~~~Luoyang 2 0 0 , K125 1<130 Stake Environmental Imnpacl Assessment of Aiaogan-,Yiangfan Expr esswav Table 6.2-4 Key Environmental and Socio-economic Factors of Sub-alternatives A and C Item Unit Sub-alternative A (corresponding to C) C Village No. 0 0 Township No. 0 0 School No. 0 0 Soil erosion Severer Modest High yield land mu 289 234 Ancient gingko trees No. 4 0 Resettlement People No. 295 50 Affect to reservoir No Yes In comparison with Sub-alternative A. Sub-alternative C has the following advantages in terms of lesser environmental and socio-economic impacts: * Occupies less land, and in particular, less high yield farm land and thus less impacts on agriculture; * As Sub-alternative A alignment is located in hilly area, a large amount of deep cuts and high fills are needed. The total earth work will be approximately 3.9 million m3 . Whereas Sub-alternative C is on a flat terrain, requiring approximately 3.1 million m3 of earth work. * Together with larger earth work, soil erosion during construction will be higher for Sub-alternative A than C. * Sub-alternative A will need to remove four ancient gingko trees while the other sub-alternative won't remove any. * Sub-alternative C will involve much less resettlement and relocation, and affect a less number of people. However, Sub-alternative C will have a bigger impacts on water quality as it will cross more and longer water bodies than Sub-alternative A. This also implies that during operation, the risk of surface water contamination by traffic accidents involving tank trucks on Sub-alternative C will be higher. Special mitigation must be taken to minimize the potential impacts to the reservoir. With all environmental and socio-economic as well as engineering factors considered, Sub-alternative C is preferred over Sub-alternative A provided that the mitigation measures for water protection including emergency response team specified in EMP will be implemented (Section 7.2.8 and Section 7.3.2). HPCD has agreed with this analysis and the final section. Zaoyang Segment This segment is located in the Zaoyang county area. A sub-alternative (D) was proposed by the design team which is north of the original main alignment (Sub- alternative A), by as much as 4 km (Map 6-8). The key engineering features of the two matching sub-alternatives are presented in Table6.2-5. Hubei PrivincialCommunications Department 105 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan E.vpressway Table 6.2-5 Key Engineering Features of Sub-alternatives A and D Item Unit Sub-alternative A (corresponding to D) D Length km 53.9 55.5 Land occupation mui 4296 4378 High yield paddy field mu 289 234 Demolition M' 16,232 16,297 Drainage work 10' m' 296.5 283.1 Extra-large bridge M/No. 607/1 0 Large bridge M/No. 876/5 913/6 Medium bridge M/No. 930/13 832/12 Small bridge M/No. 224/8 626/19 Culverts No. 159 148 Interchange No. 3 3 Grade separation No. 6 9 Over/under-pass No. 135 155 Engineering cost Million RMB 1410 1401 Table 6.2-3 shows that Sub-alternative D is about 1.6 km longer than the matching Sub-alternative A. In addition, the connecting road to Zaoyang will be shorter by about 4.3 km if Sub-alternative D is selected. The key environmental and socio-economic factors are presented in Table 6.2-6. Table 6.2-6 Key Environmental and Socio-economic Factors of Sub-alternatives A and D Item Unit Sub-alternative A (corresponding to D) D Village No. 28 33 Township No. 0 School No. 3 2 Earth work 10' ml More Less (371 less) High yield land Mu 1107 1295 Connecting Road _ Long Short Resettlement People No. 250 300 Affect to reservoir No Yes The advantage of Sub-alternative D includes: * The Zaoyang connecting road will be shorter by about 4.3 km if using Sub- alternative D which will occupy less land and affect less people residing near the connecting road. * Sub-alternative D is located farther away from the Gun river and passes through less tributaries and irrigation systems and thus the potential impacts to surface water quality is less. * The earthwork for Sub-alternative D is smaller by about 371,000 m3 than Sub-alternative A. However, the matching Sub-alternative A have more advantages than Sub- alternative D. including: Hlbei PrivincialCommnunicaaions Department 106 I yT Environmental Jmpacs Assessment ofXiaogan-Aiangfan Expressiwav * Sub-alternative A occupies slightly less land. But Sub-alternative A occupies much less high yield farm land (635 mu less). Clearly the impact on agriculture is much less. * Sub-alternative A requires less borrowed soil and thus occupies less land as borrow pits (less than over 200 mu). The potential soil erosion and borrow pits rehabilitation work will be less. * Noise impacts for Sub-alternative A is smaller than Sub-alternative D, based on the number of sensitive receptors along both sub-alternative alignments. * The resettlement and relocation scope, including the number of resettlement people, is less. * Sub-alternative A is better aligned for diverting traffic from the existing NH3 16, alleviating various adverse impacts by the existing highway. However, when all factors considered, particularly the easy connection to Zaoyang, Sub-alternative A is selected and agreed by HPCD. Significant mitigation measures will be required however to minimize the adverse impacts by Sub-alternative A. In particular, noise mitigation with a budget of RMBO.336 million is included in the construction cost to reduce noise levels at all sensitive receptors where noise is predicted to exceed the applicable standards. This, as well as others such as soil erosion prevention, etc., have been included in the Project EMP. Xiangfan Segment This segment is located 1 km downstream from the mouth of Tangbai river in the Xiangfan area. Sub-alternative E was proposed due to the consideration for smaller bridge and easy design for the Shuanggou Interchange. The Sub- alternative E is located I km further downstream from Sub-alternative A bridge location (Map6-9). The key elements for the two sub-alternatives are presented in Table 6.2-7. Table 6.2-7 Key Engineering Features of Sub-alternatives A and E Item Unit Sub-alternative A (corresponding to E) E Length km 14.6 14.7 Land occupation mu 1168 1249 Demolition M! 4495 9219 Drainage work 10' im' 58.8 67.6 Extra-large bridge M/No. 2337/1 1377/1 Large bridge M/No. 0 0 Medium bridge M/No. 44/1 0 Small bridge M/No. 152/5 154/5 Culverts No. 33 38 Interchange No. 0 1 Grade separation No. 0 1 Over/under-pass No. 25 43 Engineering cost Million RMB 499 485 Hubei PrivincialCommunications Department 107 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-,iangfan Expressway Table 6.2-3 shows that except the bridge and interchange, the two sub-alternatives are similar in terms of length and engineering works. The key environmental and socio-economic factors are presented in Table 6.2-8. Table 6.2-8 Key Environmental and Socio-economic Factors of Sub-alternatives A and E Sub-alternative A (corresponding to E) E Village No. 3 5 Township No. 0 0 School No. 1 Earth work 10' m' 1793.8 2527.3 High yield land Mul 330 122 Impacts to Tangbai River High Modest Resettlement People No. 101 150 The advantage of Sub-alternative E includes; * Occupy less agricultural land and high yield farm land; * Construct a smaller bridge is on the Tangbai river. The river at Sub- alternative A crossing is wide and the bridge will be over 2.3 km long. The construction difficulties, impacts on flood discharge and water quality by construction and traffic accidents during operation will be high. In contrast, the river at Sub-alternative E crossing site is much narrower and thus the construction difficulties and impacts will be smaller. * In addition, Sub-alternative A bridge will be flooded (2 meters below the water surface) in a 100 year flood while Sub-alternative E won't. * Sub-alternative E will be closer to Xiangfan city and as such will be more convenient to traffic to and from Xiangfan city. The primarily disadvantage of the proposed Sub-alternative E is it will involve a large scope of resettlement and relocation and more people will he relocated (about 50 more). However, compared with the enormous advantage over the Tangbai river bridge, Sub-alternative E is clearly preferred. The selection of this sub-alternative has been agreed by HPCD. 6.3 Comparison of "with" and "without" the Project The existing NH3 16 is the primary road connection between Xiaogan to Xiangfan. Within the Project area, NH316 is about 268 km running in rough parallel with the proposed Project expressway. For the most part, NH3 16 is Grade II road with 12 m road width. The existing NH3 16 has already reached its capacity, and with predicted traffic volume of over 6000 vehicles per day for the most part of the road in the year 2005, NH316 will be over capacity and become transportation bottleneck between the two cities. As a result, it will seriously impede the economic and regional development in the Project area. Huhbei Privincial Communications Departmeni 108 AIf:K?63+400 Tangbai River Special Large Bridge E Startn e,265 Shuanggou , F Parking Area °i Shuanggou Interchange ti270 -1 . W4t+t / A\ I Shuanggou Interchange 2' Ta,gbai River Spccial Large Bridge (} F:t., Sensitive Spot 02Sensitive 41A, A. Spot WK.i27EBC0' _ ° L J1i* Borrowing Pit E End Map 6-9 Xrarigfan .Segment-Sub-alternative E and A (Corresponding to E) t . ' i : Stake K5K5 Environnmental Impact Assessment of Xiaogon-Xiangfan Expressway The key environmental and socio-economic factors for the with and without Project scenarios are presented in Table 6.3-1. Table 6.3-1 Comparison of With and Without Project Scenarios Item Without Project With Project * 250,000 people living closely * Noise and air quality impacts . NH316. . to areaffected on the 250,000 near NH316 Noise/Air pollution to NH arel.affectedate * But Project alignment area has will be alleviated * 16,000 rural residents will be high acoustic and air quality affected by the Project . large amount of land will be Land occupation * no new land occupation occupied but resettled people are expected in better houses following compensation. * Greatly improve the access to * limited contacts to outside bigger market Standard of living thes producesd are difficult d to Improve the investment sold outside of the region due evrneti h ein to poor transportation . New opportunities for the regional development during and after construction * Over 4 hrs. needed between * Transportation between the Xiaogan and Xiangfan two cities reduced to less than Transportation * Limited access to the tourist 2.5 hrs. spots * Boost to the local tourism. * Poor driving conditions * Excellent driving conditions * Mixed traffic together with * Fully fenced and controlled shops/residents on NH3 16 access Safety soL psroesid on Nf 16 * Better protection of local * Little protection of people and rsdns fo rfi children near the roads residents from traffic accidents * Large amounts of land disturbance resulting in increased potential of soil erosion during construction * The landscaping will be improved following the Soil erosion * No new disturbance to the soil Project * Erosion levels are expected to be the same or better than prior Project conditions following the prevention engineering works and massive landscaping Clearly, from the environmental and socio-economic perspective, the scenario of with Project is a better choice than that without Project, when all factors are considered. With all mitigation measures and environmental management planning, the Project is well justified in terms of environmental protection, as well as engineering, transportation, regional economic development. lobei PrivincialCommunications Department 109 Environimenrtacl Impact .4ssessment ofXiaogan-,iangfan Expresslva.y Chapter 7 Mitigation Measures 7.1 Design Phase 7.1.1. Alignment Selection The careful selection of alignments for the proposed expressway is one of the most important and effective measures to avoid, reduce or otherwise minimize adverse impacts of the expressway construction and operation, particularly potential impacts on natural reserves, forest, area of ethnic minorities, and other sensitive receptors. The measure has been taken during the Project design to ensure that the engineering design including alignment selection will give adequate consideration to various environmental factors during the design making process. During the Project preparation including engineering design and EA, the EA team has worked together with the design team and resetlement team in a detailed comparison of three general alternatives and six sub-alternative alignments for the proposed expressway. Details of the comparison and analysis of environmental, social and engineering aspects of the alternatives, as well as the final conclusions on the preferred alternative have been presented in Chapter 6. The final selection of alignment has been jointly agreed with HPCD and local governments in each of the Project regions. In the analysis of alternatives, three alternative corridors are proposed and evaluated from the environmental and socio-economic impact perspective. All environmental and socio-economic factors have been considered and compared for the alternative corridors in an effort to identify an alternative corridor with the least adverse environmental impacts. When the optional alternative corridor is selected based on the least environmental impacts as well as other factors such as technical, economic and engineering factors, several alternative segments within the preferred expressway corridors are further evaluated and compared again with all environmental and socio-economic factors. Best segments in terms of least impacts are selected to form the final expressway alignment. This process is to ensure to avoid the most sensitive environmental areas and determine the expressway alignment with the least environmental and socio-economic impacts. 7.1.2 Soil Erosion Prevention Permanent soil erosion prevention and control works along the entire alignment have been developed during design stage and included in the Preliminary Design document. The soil erosion control measures have included mainly two types: Hilbei ProvincialCommutnications Department 1 10 Environmental Impact Assessment of Aioogan-Xiangfon Expressivav * Engineering works which will involve pavement of deep slopes and other cut and fill areas with concrete, stones and other materials to completely stabilize the soil, and/or inception ditches to minimize surface runoff on slopes; and * Vegetation which will involve landscaping and trees planting in virtually all bare soils on the both sides as well as the central separation media of the expressway. Following these the above measures, there will be virtually no land along the expressway which will still be bare soil. All land within the expressway red line (expressway property) will be either paved or landscaped (trees. bushes lawns, etc.) or both. Based on the practices and real experience of other expressways in similar terrain and landform, these erosion mitigation measures, once appropriately designed and implemented will completely control the soil erosion along the expressway. The net residual impacts following the mitigation measures implementation including maturing of trees and lawn, will therefore be nil. 7.1.3 Rehabilitation of Borrow Pits and Disposal Sites Borrowing Pits Before excavation at Project borrow pits, drainage ditches will be built along the borrow pits perimeters. The drainage ditches will be trapezium shaped with the side slope of 1:1.5. The inner wall will be tamped and two settling basins will be constructed at the exits of the ditches such that sediments and suspended solids will be separated from water before it leaves the pit drainage system to minimize pollution to the receiving water bodies. The drainage ditches will be connected with the existing/natural waterways near the borrow pits to allow discharge of water intercepted. The topsoil (15-30 cm) which supports the growth of surface vegetation will be removed and stored for rehabilitation and reclamation upon pits closure. The depth of borrow pit will be controlled within 3.0 m in Xiaogan city and Xiangfan city and 4.0-5.0 m in Suizhou city. The excavating slope will be controlled within 1:1.5. According to on-site investigation, the type of land occupied by borrow pits is mostly dry land, with some hilly lands in the Suizhou section. Upon the completion earth borrowing operation at these pits, rehabilitation measures will be taken which include: * Level the land; * Restore the top-soil; * Plant trees or other types of vegetation; or * Create a pound at the pit, depending on the depth of the borrowing pits, landform, soil type, population around the place, traffic condition, etc. Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department II1 Environmenlal Impacl Assessment ofYiaogan-Viangfan Evpressivwy Table 7. 1-1 and Map 7-1 show the locations and rehabilitation of the borrow pits along the Project alignment. Table 7.1-1 Locations and Rehabilitation of Borrowing Pits along the Expressway No. Pile's No. Location (distance Land occupied Maximum Rehablitaton ______to expressway) (in) (ml/) depth of pit (mn) Rhbltto I______K50+500 Right 300 116 3-5 Converted to pond 2 K53+300 Left 200 10.213 4-6 Converted to pond 3 K57+800 Left 200 111.705 5-6 Converted to pond 4 K61+700 Right 350 99.082 5-7 Converted to pond 5 K63+500 Rieht 300 78.75 3.50 Converted to pond 6 K64+000 Left 300 45.00 4.00 Converted to pond 7 K66+000 Right 1200 157.49 6.00 Converted to pond 8 K66+500 Left 200 93.75 4.00 Converted to pond 9 K67+400 Right 200 95.70 3.50 Converted to pond I10 K68+900 Left 200 63.00 4.00 Converted to pond I I K69+900 Left 200 93.75 4.00 Converted to pond 12 K71+100 Riaht 200 78.75 3.50 Converted to pond 13 K71+180 Left 200 93.75 3.50 Converted to pond 14 K74+930 Left 300 112.49 5.50 Converted to pond Sub- Xiaonan District 1249.43 total I5_ K78+320 Left 200 99.00 3.50 Converted to pond Sub- Xiaochang count, 99.00 total 16 K80+000 Right 200 67.50 4.00 Converted to pond 17 K80+700 Left 200 45.00 3.00 Converted to pond 18 K82+050 Left 200 30.00 4.50 Converted to pond 19 K83+500 Right 200 22.50 3.00 Converted to pond 20 K84+100 Right 300 134.99 4.00 Converted to pond 21 K85+380 Right 200 45.00 4.00 Converted to pond 22 K86--450 Left 300 48.00 4.00 Converted to pond 23 K87+500 Right 200 60 00 4.00 Converted to pond 24 K88+300 Left 300 60.00 4.00 Converted to pond 25 K89+100 Left 150 66.00 4.00 Converted to pond 26 K90+500 Rieht I50 66.00 4.00 Converted to pond 27 K92+400 Left 200 90.00 4.00 Converted to pond 28 K92+600 Right 200 30.00 3.50 Converted to pond Sub- Yunmeng County 764.99 total 29 K93+200 Right 200 92.40 5.50 Converted to pond 30 K94+500 Left 250 75.00 6.00 Converted to pond 31 K96+000 Left 300 108.00 4.00 Converted to pond 32 K98+500 Left 200 75.00 3.00 Converted to pond 33 AK99+100 Right 200 31.50 3.50 Converted to pond 34 K10-1+220 Left 400 75.00 4.00 Converted to pond 35 K1011+600 Right 100 12.00 3.50 Converted to pond 36 K102+500 Left 100 1.35 3.50 Converted to pond 37 K107+250 Right 100 3.75 3 Converted to pond 38 K108+900 Left 200 45.00 3 Converted to pond 39 KI 13+800 Right 300 2.08 4-8 Converted to pond 40 K114+600 Left 100 43.211 2-3 Converted to pond 4 1 KK115+400 Left 80 68.207 2-3 Converted to pond 42 K117+600 Left 350 21.928 2 Converted to pond 43 KI 18+440 Left 500 64.761 2-2.5 Converted to pond 44 K11 19+900 Left 150 96.502 2-3 Converted to pond Sub- Anil County 815.689 total HI-bei Provincial Communications Department 112 Environmental Impact Assessment ofAiaogan-Aiangfan Evpresswoay Table 7.1-1 Locations and Rehabilitation of Borrowing Pits along the Expressway (Continued) No. I'lilc's No. Location (distancc Land occupied Maximum Rchabilitation to expressway) (m) (mu) depth of pit (m) 45 K142+500 Right 200 24 5L+R+P 46 K144+500 Right 120 10.5 5 L+R+P 47 K157+630 Righi 160 7.2 2 L+R+P 48 K158+500 Right 130 10.8 3 L+R+P 49 K159+450 Right 130 24 4 L+R+P 50 K176+550 Right 340 68.8 2. L+R+P 51 K177+700 Right 210 24.0 L+R+P 52 K178+700 Right 200 72 2.8 L+R+P 53 K179+600 Right 240 19.2 2.8 L+R+P 54 K180+400 Right 180 52.8 2.8 L+R+P 55 K181+600 Right 210 19.2 2.8 L+R+P 56 K184+300 Right 180 16.2 5 L+R+P 57 K185+200 Right 130 16.2 L+R+P 58 K186+180 Right 380 46.8 4 L+R+P 59 K191+400 Right 270 16.8 5 L+R+P 60 K192+420 Right 130 10.5 8 L+R+P 61 K195+500 Right 160 8.4 7 L+R+P 62 K197+300 Left 230 10.5 6 L+R+P Sub- Suizhou City 457.9 total 63 K209+400 Right 200 109.3 3.5 L+R+P 64 K210+300 Right 300 157.5 3 L+R+P 65 K211+500 Right 260 90 3.5 L+R+P 66 K212+400 Right 260 78 3 L+R+P 67 K214+200 Right 260 48 3.5 L+R+P 68 K215+100 Left 400 117 3 L+R+P 69 K216+500 Left 500 85 3 L+R+P 70 K217+900 Right 200 67.5 4 L+R+P 71 K219+300 Right 260 66 4 L+R+P 72 K220+800 Left 240 129.6 3.5 L+R+P 73 K221+700 Right 200 60 3 L+R+P 74 K225+000 Right 200 109.2 3 L+R+P 75 K228+900 Right 160 50.4 3 L+R+P 76 K230+100 Right 160 39.6 3 L+R+P 77 K232+550 Right/left 180 93.6 5 L+R+P 78 K235+500 Right 200 97.5 3.5 L+R+P 79 K235+200 Right 200 62.4 4 L+R+P 80 K235+900 Right 280 145.2 3.5 L+R+P 81 K242+600 Right 500 162.0 3.5 L+R+P 82 K246+080 Right 200 209.2 3.5 L+R+P 83 K250+000 Right 300 38.4 3.5 L+R+P 84 K252+600 Left 400 38.4 3 L+R+P 85 K254+600 Left 260 90 3.5 L+R+P 86 K256+700 Right 350 62.4 3.5 L+R+P Sub- Zaoyang County 2206.2 total 87 K259+100 Right 300 90 L+R+P 88 K261+150 Right 300 135 3 L+R+P 89 K262+800 Right 300 135 L+R+P 90 k263+480 Right 300 33.6 3.0 L+R+P 91 k264+700 Left 200 93.6 3.0 L+R+P 92 k265+570 Left 400 79.2 3.0 L+R+P 93 k266+800 Right 300 79.2 3.0 L+R+P 94 k267+340 Right 400 48.0 3.0 L+R+P 95 k268+150 Right 400 79.2 3.0 L+R+P Hubei Provincial CommunicationsDepartment 113 Environmental Impact Assessment ofx,iaogan-,Yiangfan E-pressivay Table 7.1-1 Locations and Rehabilitation of Borrowing Pits along the Expressway (Continued) No. Pile's No. Location (distance Land occupied Maximum Rehabilitation to expressway) (m) (mu) depth of pit (m) 96 k269+160 Left 400 126.0 3.0 L+R+P 97 k270+600 Left 400 109.2 3.0 L+R+P 98 k271+800 Right 300 2.2 3.0 L+R+P 99 k273+000 Right 500 6.0 3.0 L+R+P 100 k273+420 Right 600 126.0 3.0 L+R+P 101 k274+620 Left 600 135.0 3.0 L+R+P 102 k277+500 Right/Left 200 105.0 9.0 L+R+P 103 K290+700 Right 260 90 3 L+R+P 104 K292+800 Right/left 300 360 4 L-R+P Sub- Xiangyang 1832.2 L-R+P total County Total 7425.409 * L+R+P stands for "Level off the land, restore the top-soil and planting" According to a cost estimate by Hubei Provincial Water Conservancy Research Institute, the total cost for completing the rehabilitation of the total of 7425.4 mu of borrow pits will be RMB 1,881,400. This cost has already been included in the Project construction budget. Following the mitigation measures, the net residual impacts will be insignificant. Disposal Sites At each of the waste disposal sites, retaining walls, settling basins, drainage ditches and surface plantation will be constructed as mitigation measures to control soil erosion, earth instability and SS pollution to the nearby receiving water. The construction scale and stability requirement will be determined according to the volume and height of waste materials stockpiles. Topsoil will be removed and stored before disposal operation. The topsoil will be restored on the disposal stockpile surface for landscaping. Table 7.1-2 shows the locations of disposal sites along the expressway alignment. Table 7.1-2 Location and Rehabilitation of Disposal Sits along Xiao-Xiang Expressway No. Pile's No. Location (distance to Land Occupied2 Proposed expressway) (m) (m ) stockpile height I KK107+250 Right 100 3.75 7.2 2 K108+900 Left 200 44.98 18.0 3 K127+200 Left 150 16.34 15.5 4 K128+100 Right 300 14.09 5.0 5 K130+370 Right 300- 78.56 16.0 Sub-total Anlu County 157.72 6 K131+000 Right 350 12.20 11.5 7 K132t000 Left 400 46.63 13.5 8 K134+000 Left 400 27.44 9.5 9 K136+000 Left 400 4.14 7.0 II K138+500 Left 200 12.45 13.0 12 K139+550 Left 300 19.74 21.5 13 KK140+500 Right 300 11.97 14.0 14 K141+150 Left 150 10.73 8.0 15 K152+700 Left 300 11.99 3.0 I-ebei ProvincialCommunications Department 114 Jl \AJ kZ Envi'ronnmenal impac .4ssessment ofXiaogan-,iangfun KYpresswvaY Table 7.1-2 Location and Rehabilitation of Disposal Sits along Xiao-Xiang Expressway (Continued) Location (distance to Land Occupied Proposed No. Pile's No. exrswy2m M stockpile height expressway) (in) (in2 ) (m) 16 K153+400 Left 180 41.83 12.0 17 K161+180 Right 400 42.66 14.0 18 K1165+000 Right 280 17.75 16.0 19 1K165+800 Left 180 2.25 2.0 20 K166+150 Left 310 26.50 13.0 21 K169+300 Left 310 42.65 16.0 22 K171+320 Left 400 22.98 17.0 23 K172+240 Right 400 37.28 20.0 24 1189+450 Right 210 9.00 2.0 25 K193+100 Lef 260 31.07 11.0 26 K194+700 Left 110 20.42 5.5 27 K198+400 Right 140 5.40 2.0 28 K199+900 Right 120 27.58 7.0 29 K200+400 Left 300 14.35 10.0 30 K201+370 Left400 25.96 7.0 31 K202+000 Left 300 18.16 8.0 Sub-total Suizhou City 543.11 32 K202+450 Left 300 11.99 3.0 Sub-total Zaoyang County 11.99 33 K282+450 Left 200 17.32 2.0 Sub-total Xiangyang County 17.32 Total 730.15 According to cost estimate by Hubei Provincial Water Conservancy Research Institute, the total cost for the disposal site rehabilitation will be RMB 10.830,400. The net residual impacts following the mitigation measures will mostly limited to visual impacts and permanent land losses at the disposal sites. 7.1.4 Traffic Noise Mitigation Even such mitigation measures as careful alignment selection during the design phase (Section 7.1.1) has been taken and result implemented in the engineering design documents, the proposed expressway cannot completely avoid going through or by noise sensitive receptors. At those sensitive receptors where traffic noise will exceed the applicable standards, additional mitigation measures such as sound insulation windows, noise barriers, tree planting, and/or constructing or extending perimeter walls, have been identified and will be incorporated into the design and tendering documents. Table 7.1-3 and 7.1-4 show the traffic noise mitigation measures at each of the sensitive receptors along the expressway. Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 115 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXYiaogon-,Yiangfan Espressway Table 7.1-3 Traffic Noise Mitigation Measures (Villages and Townships) Distance to Costs in mnpleme Sensitive Mitigation ~~~~~~~~~~~ntation No. Sensitive Piles No. central line RBMMitigation (m) measures (xtm04) tie receptor 4 (in) (x10 ) ~~~~~~~(year) Huangjiahouwa K49+900 South30 Noise monitoring nl program 2 Shengjiawan K52+400 South 30 3 Tianjiawan K33+100 North 40 Sound insulation 5.2 2013 windows 13 houses. 4 Xiavejiawan K53+350 North 100 5 Zhoujiawan K54+300 South40 6 Shanbianwan K58+700 North 50 7 Yujiawan K60+300 Northeast 100 8 Qunli K62+350 South 40 sound insulation 9 chenxiangzhong K63+300 North 34 windows for 10 4.0 2013 wan houses sound insulation 10 Chenxiangxiwa K63+500 North /South 30 windows for 4.0 2013 n bedrooms of 10 front row houses. It Xiaochengwan K65+400 North 70 12 Zhujiaza K65+500 South 40 sound insulation 13 Liangdawan K66+600 North 40-150 windows for 16 6.4 2013 houses 14 Jinshenmiao K67+600 South 90 I5 Taojiadawan K69+200 South 40 16 Yinjia K69+400 North 80 17 Donesongjia K70+850 South 56 sound insulation 18 Zhujiaza K71+300 North 36 windows for 5 2.0 2013 houses 19 Wanan town K72+900 South 40 20 Jiazi K73+200 North 30 sound insulation 21 Guojiadawan K73+800 South 40 windows for 7 2.8 2013 houses 22 Wangdian K76+100 North /South 38 sound insulation 23 Bojiawang K77+100 South 30 windows for 16 8.4 2013 houses 24 Liujiayan K79+200 South 44 Noise monitoring ______~~~pro-ram _ _ _ _ _ 25 Shanwuxia K80+700 North 70 sound insulation 26 Weihuangwan K81+500 North 30 windows for 9 3.6 2005 houses sound insulation 27 Jiacun K82+700 North 35 windows for 7 2.8 2013 houses 28 Lujiaqiao K83+100 South 40 Noise monitoring program Hubhei Provincial Comminications Department 116 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Aiangfan Expressivav Table 7.1-3 Trafric Noise Mitigation Measures (Villages and Townships) (Continued) Sensitive Distance to .i.a.n Costs in Implementa No. Sensitive Piles No. central line Mitigation RMB tion time receptor (mn) measures (x10 4 ) (year) 29 Huangiiagang K85+050 South 68 30 Caifang K86+850 North 50 sound insulation 31 Longwalijia K89+450 West 40 windows for 7 2.8 2005 houses 32 Xiaoliwan K90+400 South48 33 Shangzhouwan K91+100 North 40 Noise montoring program ______sound insulation 34 Tangchenwan K91+800 South40 windows for 5 2.0 2013 houses sound insulation 35 Liujiawan K95+850 East 30 windows for IO 4.0 2013 houses sound insulation 36 Wancun K98+800 Northwest 30 windows for 10 4.0 2005 houses Sound insulation 37 Gaopengwan K98+800 South 30 windows for 7 2.8 2005 houses K99+000 North 45 sound insulation 38 Chenjiawan K100+500 North /South 30 windows for 8 3.2 2005 houses 39 Longshi KiOi+l00 South 60 40 Yuanjiadawan KI13+000 West 50-170 41 Yandian town K114+830 East 45 K115+200 East 70 42 Guoluwan K 154+400 South 30 43 Tanjiawan K154+400 North 30 44 Pangjiashan K181-850 North 70 sound insulation 45 Dongwan K215+500 North/South 25 windows for 5 2.0 2005 houses. 46 Liujiagang K216+600 North 25 47 Lianfengwan K217+200 North 60 sound insulation 48 Donggang K237+700 North/South 25 windows for 4 1.6 2005 houses 49 Donghe K240+800 North 80 50 Chengjiasanfang K248+ 100 North 60 Noise monitoring 51 Beixiang K257+300 North 50 program 52 Niejiagang K261+600 North 60 53 Shaojiapeng K263+300 North 80 54 Haojiazhuang K266+900 South 44 Sound insulation 55 Lijiawan K269+900 South 32 windows for 7 2.8 2013 . 1 1 houses. Hubei Provincial Communications Department 117 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-,Yiang/an Espresswav Table 7.1-3 Traffic Noise Mitigation Measures (Villages and Townships) (Continued) Sensitive Distance to .i.a.n Costs in Implementa No. receptor Piles No. central line Mitigaton RMB tion time receptor ~~~~~(m) mesrs(x10 4 ) (year) 56 Chenjiawan K270+300 North/South 30 57 Dongiafan K277+000 North 70 Earth moundsEarth rnounds~ Construction 58 Xiaowangying K273+750 South/North 25 350m(length)X 55 phase 7m(height) p as 59 Zhangwvan K284+600 North 50 Total cost 119.4 Table 7.1-4 Traffic Noise Mitigation Measures (Schools and Hospital) Sensitie.Distance Costs No. SensiPve piles No. to central Mitigation measures RMB time (year) receptor line (m) (x1O 4) I J.inshenmiao K67+550 South 70 Planting l OOm* 15m 7.5 Construction primary school phase Taomiao Noise barrier 2 primary school K69+300 North 40 120m(Length)*3m(Height), 36 2005 primary school ~~~K69+i220-340 Yandian KI 15+050 East 100 To heighten the enclosure to 6.5 Construction hospital 4 m and planting lOOm*lOm phase Changsong Northeast To heighten the enclosure to 65 Construction primary school K119250 90 4 m and planting lOOm*lOm 6.5 phase Jiuligang K185+400 South 80 To heighten the enclosure to 65 Construction primary school 4 m and planting lOOm*lOm phase Has merged with 6 a school K210+600 West 80 Wangcheng Center Primary 2001.5 primary scolSchool Zhoutaicu. Noise barrier 7 . K216+900 South 80 lOOm(Length)*4m(Height), 30 2005 primary school K69+220-340 8 Lianhe K270+650 South 120 Planting 150m*15m 11.25 Construction primary school phase 9 Xiaowanrying K274+250 North 140 To heighten the enclosure to 3.5 2013 primary school N 1 4 m and planting l OOm*5m 107.75 The implementation time is based on the projected noise levels which will exceed the standard at that time. Mitigation measures will be taken at the construction phase for the most sensitive receptors. Once the mitigation measures are implemented, the noise levels at the sensitive receptors will be reduced by 5-20 dB(A) and as such, the noise levels at the sensitive receptors will meet the applicable standards. l-tubei Provincial Communications Department i18 Environnmental Impact.lssessmen ofAXiaogan-Xiangfan Eypressi'av For those measures which require completion by 2005 and during construction phase, the mitigation will be complete at the same time as the expressway construction. The mitigation measures will take effective at the time when the expressway opens to traffic. 7.1.5 Water Environment Protection The drainage systems for pavement and subgrade have been designed. Ditches on both sides of the subgrade are designed in such a way that they will not connect directly to any fish ponds and farmland. Sewage disposal facilities will be designed at four service stations of the proposed expressway to treat the sanitary sewage before discharge to the environment. The conceptual design for treatment processes for domestic wastewater and car washing wastewater from service stations is given in the following schematic. Wastewater from car washing operation can and will be be reused following the treatment. All discharges to the environment will meet Class I in Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978- 1996). If wastewater effluent is discharged to irrigation systems, it will meet the standards of Standard of Farm Water IrrigationQuality (GB5084-92). | Car-wsashing z ater-oiseato svaslewater I I Domestic SpitakAcrobic biological |Sedimentation ,wastewvater } treatmnent process tank -|;E E Wastewater discharged from four parking zones will be treated by septic tanks to be installed on site. The effluent from the septic tanks will be diverted to irrigation systems in the region. Car washing wastewater can be reused. Oil-water separators will be used for pre-treatment of car washing wastewater which will contain oils. All discharges will meet the Class I of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996). Wastewater discharged from the management center and three maintenance zones will be treated by septic tanks to be installed on site before discharged to irrigation systems. Oil water separators will be installed for pre-treatment at the three maintenance shops. 7.1.6 Air Pollution Mitigation Hubei Provincial Communications Department 119 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Yiangfan Expressivay Besides the measures of alignment selection to avoid sensitive areas (Section 7. 1.1), the locations of earth borrow pits, waste disposal sites and asphalt mixing stations, etc. will also be carefully selected, with full consideration given to potential air/dust impacts to residential and other sensitive areas. Asphalt mixing stations will be situated at least 300 m in leeward direction away from residential areas. 7.1.7 Community Severance To mitigate the impacts of community and farmland severance, a total of 454 underpasses, 147 over-passes and 30 grade separations have been designed into the Project. The locations and size of the passes have been determined after consultations with the local public and the underpasses will have enough clearance and width for future expansion. Three types of underpasses are designed according to the conditions of the roads intersected by the proposed expressway: * For the roads mainly used by various motor vehicles and farm tractors, the underpass or channels will have a width of 8 m and height of 3.5 m; * For the roads mainly used by farm tractors, the width will be 6.0 m and height, 3.0 m; and * For the roads mainly used by pedestrians and plough, the width will be 4.0 m and height, 2.5 m. Following the construction of these expressway crossing, the impacts of community severance will greatly reduced. On average, there will be 2.59 crossing for each kilometer of expressway. In other words, the rural residents will need to walk or drive a maximum of 386 meters on average to cross the expresswav to the other side. 7.1.8 Access Roads The HPCD will request contractors to take the following measures to mitigate the impacts from the access roads: * For those access roads which are located more than 100 m from sensitive receptors, truck drivers of the contractors will be requested not to speed to low the noise and air bome dust. During the dry and windy days, these roads will be watered twice a day. * For access roads located near sensitive receptors, night time (after 22:00) truck movement will be banned. In addition, the following measures will be taken at these sensitive locations: Hiibei ProvincialCommunications Department 120 Environmental Impact Assessment ofAiaogan-Aiangfan ELpresstvaY Table 7.1-5 Mitigation Measures for Access Roads Located in the Most Sensitive Areas No. Location Length (m) Impacts Mitigation measures Cost (Yuan) I K61+700 350 (new) Noise, dust Pave the roads 63,000 Noise,dust, Pave the roads, install 2 K63+500 300 (new) Noise, dust, safety warning signs, 60,000 safety, outing training oftruck drivers 3 K71-+]100 200 (new) Noise, dust Pave the roads 36,000 4K71+i-180 200 (new) 4 K71+180 200 (new) safety,Noise, outingdust, safetyPave thewarning roads, installsigns, 40,000 training oftruck drivers 5 K86+450 300 (new) Noise, dust Pave the roads 54,000 00( ) Noise,dust, Pave the roads, install 6 };99+100 200 (new) Noise, dust, safety warning signs, 40,000 Safety, outing training of truck drivers Total _ _ _ _I_ _ 293,000 The above mitigation measures will be included in the bid documents for construction work and will be a contractual requirements for the winning contractors. 7.1.9 Cultural Relics The most critical mitigation measures for minimizing cultural relics is a careful analysis of alternative alignments (see Chapter 6 for details). Through this analysis, alternative and sub-alternatives with lest impacts to cultural relics are selected. During the sub-alternative analysis, diversion was made through selecting a sub- alternative so that two significant cultural relics sites can be avoided. As such, occupation and/or damages to most of the cultural relics sites in the Project area are avoided, including the two which was on the preferred main alignment but avoided by adopting a sub-alternative. However, two cultural relics sites will still be affected (see Chapter 5) by the Project and one of which, Huangjinshan tomb will be occupied right in the middle. To minimize the damage thus caused, preservative excavation will be conducted on both sites as follows prior to the commencement of construction. HPRARI has established Xiaogan to Xiangfan Expressway Archaeological Investigation Team, to be led by Dr. Wang Hongxing, Director of HPRARI to conduct the protective excavation, clearance, value determination and other studies and protection works for the expressway project, including the connecting roads. The Team will be divided into three groups to cover the east section, Yunmeng connecting road and borrow pits, middle section, Suizhou connecting road and borrow pits in this section, and west section, Zaoyang connecting road and borrow pits in this section, respectively. The county museums will appoint local staff to help the Team for the excavation. As the current plan calls for a start of expressway construction this summer, the Team's work is scheduled to start early April. The formal excavation for Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 121 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Shaojiapeng and Huanjinshan sites will start mid April with progress reports to HPCD every two weeks. All excavation and clearance, including those for the connecting road sites will be completed at least 10 days before the construction. The excavation will include the following works: * Excavation of entire area to be affected by the project; * Collection and preliminary classification of all artifacts; * Preparation of site drawings, video record, and photography; * Artifacts cleaning, repair and value determination (indoors, away from site); * Report preparation; * Publish the reports in provincial level archaeological magazines; * Transfer all artifacts to county museums. All excavation work will follow strictly the procedures in the "Field Excavation Work Codes", issued by State Cultural Relics Bureau of China. The details of the excavation plan of main expressway is presented in Table 7.1-6, the plan of connecting roads refer to relevant reports. Table 7.1-6 Cultural Relics Sites Excavation Plan Cultural relics Implementation Team Excavation Preservation Location Cost site Time leader mode (Yuan) Shaojiapeng Early April-early Zhu Focal Cultural relics excavation management institute of 1,000,000 site June Junying (part areas) Xiangyang County Huangjinshan Middle april-- Xiongc Focal tomb early June Bufa excavation AnIu museum 1,500,000 During early stage (earth work) construction, members of the Team will be assigned to contractors working in their respective sections to assist oni chaiice finds, including protection. identification and evaluation. Any significant finds will result in a halt of construction and report to HPRARI and HPCD. In addition to the training of contractors management and technical staff, the HPRARI Team will visit all construction sites at the beginning of the construction to conduct site training to workers of contractors. The contents will include simple knowledge of cultural relics artifacts identification, emergency measures during "chance finds", and protection and reporting procedures. During the construction stage, senior members of the Team will visit the construction sites regularly to provide guidance on cultural relics protection. 7.1.10 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Hlibei Provincial Communications Department 122 Environniental Impact .issessment ofXAiaogan-Xiangfan E1xpresswvayt A Project RAP has been compiled by HPCD, and resettlement work of the proposed project will carry out based on the final RAP approved by World Bank. The primary mitigation measures include: * Strict audit and monitoring procedures for compensation fund allocation, management and utilization to mitigate potential mis-management of the funds. Independent monitoring organizations at the provincial, municipal and county levels will be established for the task. * The village level management must prepare and present a fund utilization plan in accordance with relevant policies and the RAP. The fund will be placed on hold and not be allocated to villages which do not have the plan. * The provincial Resettlement and Relocation Office will randomly select one village to detailed compensation fund allocation inspection each year and will request the independent monitoring organizations to investigate a sample of villages through field observations, affected people interviews and group meetings. * The relocated residents will all be resettled in the same villages they are living now. The exact locations for their new houses will be carefully selected for convenience, good surrounding environment, and with full consultation and consent of the relocated families. * The disadvantaged groups will be provided special monetary assistance for them to build new houses. * In addition, villages will be requested to provide labor assistance, first selection of new house locations and the locations of farm land. Furthermore, farm land for disadvantaged groups who are not directly affected by the Project will not be adjusted to avoid adverse impacts to their agricultural incomes. 7.1.11 Accidental Risks Design of the draining systems on and near the bridges will include certain holding capacity to prevent surface runoff from directly entering the Yun and Jun rivers. In an event of a traffic accident resulting in a release and spill of liquid hazardous materials, these design provisions will hold the hazardous liquid and provide the time for the emergency response team to take appropriate actions before the liquid drains to the rivers. In addition, guard rails on large bridges will be designed with special considerations to prevent vehicles, including tank trucks loaded with hazardous materials from falling down to the rivers during traffic accidents. 7.1.12 Flood Discharge Bridges and culverts have been well designed with high technical standards for the purpose of ensuring flood discharge (300 years flood for extra-large bridges, and Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 123 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressvay 100 years flood for other bridges and culverts). Under such design standards, the impacts to the flood discharge through the rivers are expected to be minimum. 7.1.13 Indirect Environmental Impact on Baizhaoshan Forest Park Consultation with local government and Yandian town has been done, and joint understandings on potential indirect adverse environmental impacts and corresponding prevention measures have been reached. These measures include: * The local government will develop a specific environmental management plan for the park area within two years after the expressway opens to traffic; * The parking lot for the park will be built at least 300 meters away from the park area proper; * The local government will consider a ban of all motor vehicles in the park areas except electricity powered vehicles; * Sufficient garbage bins will be placed around the park to provide convenience to visitors and to minimize littering and washrooms facilities with flush toilets will also be built in the park; Such facilities will be in place in four years and will gradually increase as more visitors arrive to the park as a result of the expressway operation; * There will be no waste generation , except the garbage and domestic sewage, within the park area; and The number of visitors will be closely monitored so that appropriate actions can be taken promptly. Since there is no firm agreement with local governrment or the park management as to when the above actions will be taken and how they will be funded, the expressway company has made a provisional budget of RMB 60,000. This provisional arrangement is to ensure that under any circumstances, adequate funding will be available for necessary environmental measures when they are needed. The provisional budget is to cover: * Two public washrooms with septic tanks (RMB20,000); * 20 garbage bins (RMB 40,00); * One electrical vehicle (for garbage loading, RMB 15,000); * A park lot (for visitors' vehicles, RMB 18,000); * Park management staff training for environmental management (RMB3,000). 7.2 Construction Phase The section describes mitigation measures to be taken during the construction phase to avoid, reduce or minimize potential impacts. The mitigation measures developed in this section has been applied in other similar expressway projects and proven practical and effective. Huibei Provincial Commnnications Department 124 Environmenral Impaci Assessment ofXiaogan-Aiangfan Expresswav 7.2.1. Vegetation and Soil Conservation The following measures will be taken during expressway construction: * Provide training and education of construction workers for the basic knowledge of flora and fauna protection and assign responsibility of the protection to contractors; * Avoid damage trees and other vegetation to the highest extent possible during construction; * Ensure all waste be hauled to designated disposal sites and avoid causal and random stockpile of construction materials and construction waste; * Build temporary settling ponds to allow mud and sand sedimentation at the source of surface runoff at subgrade construction sites and other disturbed soil. Such ponds will have an average depth of about 0.5 m and its size determined based on the size of the catchment and topography of the areas they serve. * Build cloth or clay fences if necessary near the discharge outlet of the settling ponds; * Pave or landscape slopes, and paving and landscaping will be carried out at the earliest possible following the cut. * Where permanent protection measures cannot be implemented in time prior to terrestrial rains, implement temporary protection measures using grass mats at the disturbed and other areas vulnerable to soil erosion; * Remove and store topsoil (about 15-30 cm) on temporarily occupied arable lands to be used later during land reclamation upon the construction completion; * Rehabilitate borrow pits as soon as the operation at pits is complete, not wait until the construction completion; * Maintain the site drainage systems and ensure their sound working conditions at all time; and * Consult weather stations regularly and plan subgrade construction on sections with unstable earth away from rainy seasons if possible. 7.2.2. Water Quality and Irrigation System To protect water quality and exiting irrigation systems, the following measures to mitigate potential impacts on receiving water including irrigation will be taken during construction: * Avoid stack or store oils, asphalt and chemicals near riversides, fish ponds, lakes and drinking water wells; Covered such piles or storage areas with canvas or with a shed to protect them from weather conditions; * Adopt cofferdam techniques during bridge construction on Yun river to prevent the water about 1000 meters downstream intake from the bridge; Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 125 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan E&presswvay * Incept and treat the wastewater produced in subgrade and bridge construction and prevent it from discharging into rivers and irrigation systems directly; * Rebuild or recover damaged irrigation and drainage systems; * Maintain drainage and irrigation systems regularly and prevent them from being clogged with sediments and stones originated from construction activities; * Build temporary irrigation canals and channels for areas where existing irrigation systems will be temporarily occupied by construction;. * Build culverts underneath the expressway prior to subgrade treatment. Provide adequate cross-section of culverts and make sure the bottom of the culverts lower than the original bottom level of ditches the culverts by say at least 2 cm. 7.2.3. Noise Mitigation The noise mitigation measures protect mainly sensitive receptors during construction, such as rural residents, schools and hospitals. More specifically, the following measures will be taken during construction: * Maintain a minimum 150 meters clearance between noisy construction activities with the closes residents or other sensitive receptors; * Strictly forbid night construction, (22:00 to 6:00 the next morning) particularly noise operations such as piling; * Plan and arrange construction activities to avoid sensitive time at those sites near hospitals or schools. Arrange noise activities on weekends and holidays as much as possible; * Monitor closely noise level at Yandian hospital during construction and build temporary sound barriers at the site if monitoring results exceed the standards at the hospital; * Conduct preventive maintenance regularly for construction machinery and motor vehicles to keep the optimum working conditions and keep the noise at the their lowest possible levels; and * Request all contractors to equip with hand-hold noise meters to conduct regular on site noise monitoring, especially at the sensitive receptors. 7.2.4. Air Pollution The focus of air pollution mitigation is also the sensitive receptors. The specific measures include: * Water unpaved access roads, mixing stations, etc. twice a day (once in the morning and once in early afternoon) on during dry and winding weather conditions for dust suppression. For sites near schools, hospitals and HItbei ProvincialCommtunications Department 126 Env'ironmentalImpact Assessment ofXiaogan-Aiangfan Expressivway residential areas the watering operation will be carried once every two hours during dry, winding days. Each contractor will have at least one water truck; * Cover stockpiles of powdering materials watered; and * Cover trucks loaded with soil, cement and other materials with canvas during air borne potential, especially in dry and winding conditions. 7.2.5. Cultural Relics * The contractor should provide the knowledge of cultural relics to the construction workers. * If a large number of valuable or invaluable articles such as fabrics, coins, artifacts, structures, or other geographic or archeological relics are discovered under ground at one spot, the local related department should be notified immediately. The excavation should be stopped until authorized department identifies articles. 7.2.6. Disturbance to the Public * Ensure construction activities not to damage or otherwise interrupt public utilities and other public service; * Equip all contractors with their own temporary power supply, communication lines, water supply and other utilities; * Carefully plan material transportation to avoid traffic jams on the existing roads especially NH3 16 and consult the local police department to coordinate the transportation activities; and * Erect an eye-catching board at the entrance of every construction site, with contact names and hotline telephone numbers of the contractors, supervision companies, and local environmental protection bureaus for public to contact when they are concerned with noise, dust, traffic and indeed other adverse impacts from the construction activities. 7.2.7. Public Health and Safety * Provide education to construction workers on disease control and prevention specially infectious disease such as AIDS and hepatitis; * Provide necessary personal protection equipment (PPE) to construction workers for safety, noise control, and other job site hazards; * Take effective measures to protect the safety and well being of the general public; Fence and restrict access to construction sites and other dangerous work sites from the public; provide effective protective measures when construction must be conducted in public areas; and * Exercise extra cautions on handling transportation and storage of the explosives. Manage carefully the explosion activities and explosion sites. Hubei Provincial Communications Department 127 Environmenial Impact Assessment ofYiaogan-,iangfan Expressway * Prior to explosion operations, a detailed survey will be conducted for all houses and buildings within 500 meters of the explosion site. Those which do not appear structurally stable to withhold the strong vibration of the explosion will be re-enforced prior to the explosion. 7.2.8. Construction Camps * Equip all construction not serviced with municipal facilities with septic tanks and clean the septic tanks periodically; * Strictly forbid all direct discharge of wastewater into natural receiving water bodies; * Collect municipal solid waste from the camps regularly and dispose the waste in dedicated municipal solid waste disposal sites; * Ensure drinking water meet Chinese National Standard; and * Maintain sanitation, hygiene, orderly and good housekeeping at the construction camps at all time. * Construction camps for the section near the Qingshuihe reservoir will be located away from the water front, surface runoff from the construction site will be interrecepted by settling ponds before allowed to discharge to the surface water body. 7.2.9. Contractor Management Contractors will be on the construction site at all time and their activities will be the sources of adverse impacts during the construction phase. Therefore, contractors are the key for environmental control and mitigation plan implementation and as such, environmental management for contractors will be critical for successful mitigation. Most of the mitigation measures designed above require contractors to implement. In order to ensure the mitigation measures and environmental management plans become contractors commitments, the following actions will be taken: * During the contractor pre-qualification, environmental management of contractors will be an integral part of the evaluation criteria; * Under the same conditions, priority considerations will be given to those bidders who have ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 certified; * Contractors will be requested to provide at least one full time environmental staff at the construction site for environmental supervision, environmental monitoring and environmental mitigation measures implementation; * All mitigation measures such as those listed above will be included in the bid documents so that contractors will bid with the understanding of these environmental requirements and prepare budget for mitigation measures in their bids where necessary. These mitigation measures will then become contractual obligations for the winning contractors; and Hlzibei Provincial Communications Department 128 Environnmcntal Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway * Environmental training will be provided to the winning contractors prior to the commencement of the construction. At least one senior manager and one full time environmental staff from each contractor will be requested to attend the training, to be delivered by experienced environmental specialists and local regulators. The training program will be 2-3 days prior to signing of the contracts. The training programs will include, but not limited to, - State and local environmental regulations and discharge standards, - Technical principles for relevant environmental control technologies, - Project EIA and EMP, - Site monitoring requirements and monitoring techniques, - Reporting requirements and monitoring feedback, - Mitigation measures, - Cultural relics identification, protection procedures, and cultural relics protection policies and regulations, - Environmental emergency and spills response, - Continued public consultation and handling of public complains, and - Contractors' contractual obligations for environmental protection. In addition, construction supervision companies will also plav an important role in environmental management and pollution control. The requirements for environmental management for construction supervision companies will also be included in the bid documents and later in the contracts. At least two staff members one of whom being a senior manager from each winning construction supervision company must attend the same training program for the contractors described above. 7.3 Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase 7.3.1. Noise Environment The noise modeling during the EA shows that in general, the noise level beyond 100 m from the central line of the expressway will meet Class IV standards, beyond 200 m will meet Class lI standards and beyond 250 m will meet Class I standards. Therefore, no more new schools and hospitals will be allowed to build within 250 m to the center-line of expressway, no more shops and depot should be built within 100 m to the center-line of expressway. Traffic management will include an environmental component. The motor vehicles on the expressway shall obey the speed limits and speedy drive, especially at night, will be banned not only for safety reasons but also for control of excessive noise. In addition, motor vehicles with high noise levels will be regulated when using the expressway. The noise levels of the expressway, particularly at the sensitive receptors will be monitored regularly to ensure the Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 129 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway noise levels are within the range projected by the model. If not, additional mitigation measures will be designed and implemented. 7.3.2. Water Environment Leaking tank trucks and overloaded motor vehicles will not be allowed to enter the expressway, as the expressway runs across and near rivers, ponds and other sensitive water bodies throughout its alignment. The ban will prevent water bodes from being polluted by spilled materials. The drainage systems of the expressway will be cleaned and maintained regularly to ensure no clogging and good working conditions at all time. For the road section near the Qingshuihe reservoir, the storm drain will be designed in such a way that it will maximize the holding time in an event of accident involving hazardous materials spills. In addition, an emergency response team will be established during operational phase to quickly handle any spills and minimize the risk to reservoir contamination. 7.3.3. Accident of Hazardous Articles Transportation A provincial lead team for transportation of hazardous materials and emergency response will take charge in the management of transportation of hazardous materials in all Expressways within the province including the Project expressway. This lead team will consist of Hubei Provincial Expressway Management Bureau and Hubei Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau. For transportation of hazardous substances on the expressways in Hubei province, three certificates issued by the provincial communications department will be required. These are special driver's license, transportation permit and guard license. Motor vehicles with hazardous will be requested to be identified with printed with unified signs on the sides of the vehicles. Public security, i.e., the police, transportation department and fire brigade swill designate a special route for these vehicles. The vehicles can only park at designated parking lots. In case of hazardous materials spills, relevant government agencies and authorities will be promptly notified. An emergency response team will act to control and clean the spills. 7.3.4. Air Quality The air emission control requires in integrated approach which will involve regulatory agencies, the automobile manufacturing industry, the police, and other stakeholders. A motor vehicle emission control strategy will be needed to control Huibei Provin,cialCommunications Department 130 Environmental Impact .4sses.iment ofA7aogan-A'iangfan Expresswtav the motor vehicle emission in the province. At the current stage, the province strictly comply relevant state regulations such as ban on lead gasoline and motor vehicle emission standards. At the provincial level, all motor vehicles will be requested exhaust check up at the annual license renewal time. Some exhaust sampling and testing will also be set up at selected toll booths. Motor vehicles not complying with the state and provincial exhaust standars will be banned to be on the road in the province, including the Project expressway. 7.3.5. Public Health HPCD will remind local governments along the expressway that HIV/ADIS could be an increasing concern as expressway is in operation because the greatly increased mobile population and high risk groups such as truck drivers. Governments should make regular public education campaigns on AIDS prevention through radio broadcasting, newspaper and other public media and promote "safe-sex" and other prevention means. Heath and epidemic prevention stations and hospitals shall strengthen the AIDS inspection. Public securities shall strengthen the registration system for the management of migrate population and impose controls on night clubs, hotels, beauty parlors and other entertainment places where AIDS exposures may be high. 7.3.6. Mitigation of Impacts of Interchanges Consultation with concerned governments has been done, and joint understandings on potential indirect adverse environmental impact and corresponding prevention measures have been reached. The major measures to mitigate the adverse impacts of the interchanges include: * Traffic laws will be strictly enforced and traffic management enhanced to minimize traffic accidents; * Provide sufficient and clear traffic and direction signage at the interchange areas; * Provide garbage bins at the bus stations and main streets off the expressway; * Inspect regularly the area hotels, restaurants, bus stations/terminals, and other public facilities and increase public area cleaning staff as the motor vehicle and passenger traffic increase; * Closely monitor the noise and air quality in the area and take appropriate mitigation actions if the monitored levels exceed the predicted; and * Enforce the public security at area hotels, bus stations and other public areas. Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 131 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan £xpresslvay Chapter 8 Environmental Management Plan 8.1 Organization of Environmental Management Environmental management for the Project involves several state, provincial and local government agencies, provincial institutions, the expressway operating company and contractors and construction supervision, companies. The organizational chart for environmental management presented in Figure 8-1 demonstrates the inter-relationships among the organizations involved. According to their functions and roles in this Project, the organizations involved in Project environmental management may be divided into two broad categories: management organizations and supervision organizations. Management organizations Table 8. 1-1 lists the responsibilities for environmental management organizations (EMO) involved in this Project. Table 8.1-1 Responsibilities for Environmental Management Organizations Organizations Responsibility Remarks * Review Coordinating management of Environmental environmental work in communications Protection Office of sector. Moc * Responsible for review of the TOR and EIA reports. * Generally responsible for HPCD environmental protection work of the proposed Project. * Develop plans for construction projects; Environmental * Liaison with contractors and related Protection Office of departments in environmental work; . Three environmental specialists * Provide guidance to contractors in involved in the work HPCD mitigation measures implementation; * Orgranize for EA work. * Overall responsibility for * Two full time environmental World Bank financed environmental management in design specialists. More to be recruit to project office and construction phases. supervise the environmental (WBFO) of HPCD monitoring and implementation of mitigation measures. * Being responsible for implementation and management of environmental The proposed measures in operation phase * Two environmental specialists expressway company * Entrusting professionals for environmental work. Environmental * Environmental monitoring work in * Involved in Bank's other highway monito construction and operation phases projects in Hubei. I-Itbei Provincial Co,nniuinications Department 132 Envilro017nental ImpacI Assessmeni ofXiaogan-Xiangfim Expresswaj EP office of Ministry of Communications EP office of SEPA (MOC) Environmental Managemenit & World Bank orghestis Executive Agency in the design and o construction phase . I EPofliceofl-IPCD highest daily supervision EP office of i-lPCD orgniaton (Three environmental engineers) Provincial org EPB Daily supervision The I'rozesed Xiao- W13FI'O of , X Regional & organizations Xiang xpressway H I'CD Municipal EPB I County & District Contractor IEnvironn-mental Design EIA Unit 1IIBREMS EPB Supervision engineer Unit (10 personS) ...... administration | | | Environmenital suIpervision organizationls branch centers HBREMS of Xiao-Xiang HBRE| Expressway Environmental Management & Executive Agency in operation phas ...... I ...... Figure 8-1 Environmiiiental Managemeit Frameework Il-lbei ProvincialConinninications Deparmil7en71 133 Environmental lmpact Assessment ofViaogan-,Xiangfan Exypresswvay Supervision Organizations The main responsibilities for environmental protection supervision organizations are given in Table 8.1-2. Table 8.1-2 Main Responsibilities for Supervision Organizations Organizations Responsibility Remarks Overall responsibility for environmental protection of The summit authority at the SEPA the country, review and approval of project TORs, and central govemment for EIA reports, directing provincial EPBs to enforce laws administration of national and regulations. environmental protection. Project environmental supervision and administration, organization and coordinating of project environmental protection services, review of EA reports; supervision of implementation of EAP; check HPEPB and acceptance of project environmental protection facilities; enforce applicable laws, regulations and standards, directing environmental protection departments environmental protection management during project construction and operation phase. Followed the guidance from HPEPB, supervising Municipal level: EPB of contractors in carrying out environmental actions; Xiaogan, nSuizhou and EPB of Cities, enforcing applicable environmental protection laws Xiangfan; County level: EPB Counties & and regulations; coordinating different departments in of Yunmeng, Xiaonan District environmental protection effort; check and supervision district, Xiaochang, Anlu, work of construction acceptance and operation of Zaoyang, Xiangyang projects in their administrative area 8.2 Mitigation Plan The environmental impact mitigation plan includes mainly the mitigation measures described in the previous chapter. These measures, having been or to be implemented in the design, construction and operation stages, as well as the implementing organizations and responsible organization (i.e., the owner of the mitigation measures) are summarized in the following table. Table 8.2-1 The Mitigation Plan of the Proposed Xiao-Xiang Expressway Project Environmental Mitigation Implementation Responsible Issue Organizations Organizations A. Design Phase * Three general alternatives and six sub I Alignment alternatives have been evaluated from Designing Unit, WBFPO of selection environmental, social and engineering aspects; EIA Team HPCD s a preferred altemative has been selected and RAP Team agreed by HPCD and local governments. . Pavement, inception ditches and/or vegetation Designing unit, WBFPO of 2. Soil Erosion planting for deep cut and high fill sections, and EIA team HPCD other bare soil throughout the Project alignment. HInbei ProvincialCommunications Department 134 Environmental Impact Assessment ofAiaogan-i;atgfan Exprcssiwaiv Table 8.2-1 The Mitigation Plan of the Proposed Xiao-Xiang Expressway Project (Continued) Environmental Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsible Issue Organizations Organizations *Landscaping Designing unit, WBFPO of 3. Borrow Areas * Converting to ponds/fish ponds EIA team HPCD * Restoration of farming * Sound insulation windows, * noise barriers, Designing unit, WBFPO of 4. Traffic Noise * trees and vegetation planting, EIA unit HPCD * for all sensitive receptors where noise is predicted to exceed the applicable standards. * Sewage treatment facilities at 4 service stations, 4 parking zones and maintenance zones 4. Surface water * Drainage systems for pavement and subgrade Designing unit, WBFPO of pollution * Ditches on both sides of the subgrade not to EIA unit HPCD connect directly with fishery ponds and farmland. 5. Air/Dust * Locate asphalt mixing stations and other Designing unit. WBFPO of Pollution emission sources 300 m leeward from residential EIA unit HPCD areas. * 454 underpasses, * 147 over-passes 6. Community * 30 grand separations. Designing unit, WBFPO of severance . Careful select and design the location and size of EIA unit HPCD the underpasses and crossings to meet the current needs and future development * Investigation for cultural relics has been made on the line. Three cultural relic sites have been 7. Cultural discovered along the alignment A. After WBFPO of Relics alignment B3 being selected, the alignment will HPRARI HPCD avoid two relics in Yunmeng County, and the relic named Shaojiapeng in Xiangyang County will be excavated prior to the construction. 8. Land . Preparing a RAP Office of Land WBFPO of Acquisition and . . . Resettlement Acquisition HPCD 9. Afforestation * Re-afforestation EIA unit WBFPO of & visual * Landscaping. Designing unit HPCD impacts * Catch basins and diversion in the draining 10O.Accidents system to prevent surface runoff from enterino Designing unit, WBFPO of Risks rivers. EIA unit HPCD * Railings on large bridges to prevent vehicles from falling down into rivers. * Design criteria of 300 years flood for extra-large 11. Flood bridges Designing unit, WBFPO of Discharge * Design criteria of 100 year flood for other EIA unit HPCD bridges and culverts 12. Ancient * Selecting the alignment to avoid passing through Designing unit, WBFPO of Ginkgo trees the ancient ginkgo trees area EIA unit HPCD Hlubei Provincial Commznications Department 135 Environmental Impact 4ssessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expresswvay Table 8.2-1 The Mitigation Plan of the Proposed Xiao-Xiang Expressway Project (Continued) Environmental Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsible Issue Organizations Organizations * Consultation with local govemments and Yandian town * Locate parking lot at least 300 m away from the Designing unit, Local 13. Baizhaoshan park Forest Park * Build wastewater, solid waste collection and/or EIA unit government, treatment facilities within the park * Develop further protection plan to prepare for increase of tourists to the park * Consultation with concerned governments * Enforce traffic management * Install solid waste collection bins EIA unt governen 14. Intcrchanges . .. EIA unit aovernment, * Monitor environmental impacts HPCD HPCD * Inspect regularly restaurants, hotels and bus terminals B. Construction Phase . Training of construction workers flora and fauna protection * Minimize damage where possible * Always dispose waste or stockpile materials in designated sites * Build settling ponds to intercept surface runoff * Use earth and cloth fences to filter silt 1. Conservation * Landscape or restore to farmland for temporary Contractor WBFPO of of Eco-resources land used HPCD * Temporary protection such as grass mats used during torrential rains. . Keep top-soil (about 15-30 cm) and use it again for rehabilitation * Plan work with consideration of weather a Maintain good working conditions of the drainage systems on site * Rehabilitate borrow pits as soon as possible. WBFPO of 2. Borrow areas Contractor HPCD * Forbid night time construction (22:00-6:00) with noisy machines * Coordinate work hours as much as possible to 3. Construction avoid impacts to sensitive receptors such as WBFPO of Construction schools and hospital Contractor HPCD Noie o Use temporary barriers if necessary to control noise at sensitive reports * Maintain machinery and vehicles in good conditions. [Iubei Provinciul ComninnicationsDepartment 136 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-XiangfanŽmEpresswqv Table 8.2-1 The Mitigation Plan of the Proposed Xiao-Xiang Expressway Project (Continued) Environmental Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsible Issue Organizations Organizations .*Place oils, asphalt and chemicals storage away from water bodies * Cover with canvas stockpiies * Use cofferdam technology in bridge construction 4. Soil Erosion / * Rebuild and repair damaged irrigation systems and WBFPO of 4.Soil Erosion fishFponds Irrigation System fish ponds Contractor HPCD * Ensure the rivers, canals. existing irrigation and draining system free from earth and stone clogging * Build temporary irrigation canals where needed . Ensure the bottom of culverts is lower by 2 cm to the pipeline they connect . Forbid direct discharge of sewage and garbage to water bodies directly 5. Surface Water * Keep oOils, asphalt and chemicals storage away WBFPO of Contamination from rivers, lake, fish ponds and drinking water Contractor HPCD wells. * Control and prevent spills. * Environmental education at construction camps. * Water on a dry day at least twice a day 6. Air/Dust Equip each contractor at least one water truck The same as Pollution * Cover powdering materials and water them as Contractor above needed * Cover truck loaded with earth, cement with canvas * If a large number of valuable or invaluable articles such as fabrics, coins, artifacts, structures, or other geographic or archeological relics are discovered WBFPO of 7. Cultural Relics under ground at one spot, the local related Contractor HPCD department should be notified immediately. The excavation should be stopped until authorized department identifies articles. * Provide temporary electric supply, telephone and 8. Utilities other utilities to contractors and avoid disruption service public utilities services. Contractor WBFPO of disruption * Plan carefully of materials transportation t the sites HPCD to minimize disturbance of public traffic in NH316 and other roads in the Project area. * Provide education to contractors for HIV and AIDS prevention * Provide appropriate PPE to workers * Provide safety protection to the public at the 9. The Health construction sites. WBFPO of and Safety * Provide safety warning signs and control the Contractor HPCD access of the construction and other safety hazard sites from the public * Handle very carefully explosives and explosion operations Hubei Provincial Communications Department 137 EnvironmentalImpact.4ssessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expresswvay Table 8.2-1 The Mitigation Plan of the Proposed Xiao-Xiang Expressway Project (Continued) Environmental Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsible Issue Organizations Organizations * Maintain good housekeeping and sanitary conditions at the camps. 10. Construction * Install septic tanks if camps are not connected WBFPO of Camp with municipal sewers Contractor HPCD * Collect garbage and dispose of it in designated sites * Ensure the safety of drinking water * Provide environmental training to two employees including a senior manager trom each contractor I1. Contractor and construction supervision prior to construction WBFPO of WBFPO of management * Include all mitigation measures and other HPCD SPCD environment requirements in the bid documents EA team and make sure they are part of the contractual obligations C. Operation Phase * Establish a leading team for hazardous materials transportation and spills control (already established and has been operation for other expressways in the province). * Three certificates issued by transportation Management 1. Accident of department will be required for hazardous branch The Proposed materials transportation. centers, Expressway hazarties * Vehicles loaded with hazardous materials to be Public Co. labeled Security * The police, transportation and fire-fighting Department departments to designate a special route hazardous materials transportation and parking * Establish emergency response team for hazardous materials spills * Warning signs on expressway for homing bans Management 2. Noise and and speed control sub-centres; The Proposed P. Nollutiond Al * Respond to monitoring results which show higher Mutnicipal/Co Expressway noise and air emission than projected by Project unty Co. EA Governments * Remind local governments along the expressway of increased risk of HIV/ADIS and other diseases because of increased population move * Regular public education via radio broadcasting, Local '. Health newspaper and other media governments Local * Increase inspection by heath and epidemic and related governments prevention stations and hospitals for AIDS and departments other diseases * Register migrate population and control high risk areas 4. Maintenance * Clean the drainage system periodically to maintain The Proposed The Proposed of Drainage it in good working conditions Expressway Expressway system Co. Co. 5. Others * Prohibit buildings within 50 m of the expressway Local Local and schools and hospitals within 200 m Government Government D. Monitoring * Monitor environmental impacts regularly HBREMS The Proposed D. Monitoroingicli sExpressway HBRE71micrilSo Co. Hutbei Provincicil Communications Departmnent 138 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-,Xiangfan Expresswvay As part of this EA documentation, a stand-alone document entitled Environmental Management Plan (EMP), also known as Environmental Action Plan (EAP) is also prepared. EMP provides detailed plans for environmental management for the Project, including both construction and operation phases. The mitigation measures presented above is a core part of the EMP. The table of contents for the EMP is presented below which outlines the main contents of this document. Environmental Supervision Plan Every environmental protection tasks to be performed during the Project preparation, construction and implementation stages will be supervised. The organizations which are responsible for the supervision, the contents of the supervision as well as objective of the supervision are presented in following table. Table 8.3-1 Environmental Supervision Plan Project I Responsible phase Lorganization Content of supervision Objectives of supervision * Incorporate EA in Project Decision-making * Ensure EA cover all key F b i ty * SEPAReview and approve EA TOR elements Feasibility HPEPB * Review and accept EIA and other EA * Ensure significant adverse Study WB documentation environmental issues be addressed properly. * Ensure environmental mitigation measures and management plan effective and adequate l Examine preliminary design and EAP. * Strictly comply with the . Review and approve cost for principle of environmental environmental protection and mitigation control measures taken measures simultaneously design- * Review monitoring reports and conduct construction-operation policy site inspections for air emissions, noise, and Project EAP water quality, waste management, * Ensure environmental protection hazardous materials storage and expenditure will be spent as SEPA handling, borrow pits and disposal sites planned HPEPB rehabilitation and other mitigation * Ensure environmental protection Design and EPB of Cities actions items. at the sites satisfactory and construction & Counties * Monitor the implementation of compliance with relevant laws, EMP/EAP regulations and standards * Review and accept pollution control * Ensure land acquisition and facilities built in the Project erosion control carried out as * Inspection of measures for diseases planned control measures. * Ensure pollution control facilities * Monitor and conduct site inspection for meet the design explosive handling and explosion * Protect public health and safety, operations as well as safetv of workers HPCRB * Review and inspect cultural relics * Protect cultural relics underground if found during construction Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 139 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expresswvay Table 8.3-1 Environmental Supervision Plan (Continued) Project Responsible Phasect .onibto Content of supervision Objectives of supervision phase organization * Review and inspect implementation of * Ensure implementation of EAP EAP and monitoring plan * Enforce the implementation of the * Ensure unexpected monitoring plan. environmental issues, if any can * Site inspections of sensitive receptors be identified and dealt with Operation HPEPB * Review monitoring reports and conduct promptly Phase EPB of Cities site inspection for wastewater and solid * Protect the health and safety of & Counties waste treatment and disposal at service the public stations, parking zones, management * Ensure compliance with relevant centers and toll gates laws, regulations and standards C Monitor procedures for hazardous materials transportation and spills responses and emergency procedures 8.4 Environmental Monitoring Plan Objectives Environmental monitoring is a critical parts of the environmental management plan for the Project, both for the construction and operation phases. The objectives of the environmental monitoring plan are to: * Verify the results of the Project EIA with regard to potential environmental impacts of the Project; * Determine the actual impact levels; * Verify the effectiveness and adequacy of environmental mitigation measures; * Identify and assess the extent of any expected adverse impacts; and * Provide a basis for additional mitigation measures to address the expected impacts or impacts exceeded the original predicted levels by the Project EA. Responsible Institutions Hubei Road Environmental Monitoring Station (HBREMS) will be engaged to conduct the environmental monitoring program. The Station was set up in 1998 and has carried out environmental monitoring programs for Hubei National Expressway Projects III and IV, both of which were partially funded by the World Bank. As such HBREMS is very experienced with environmental monitoring requirements by SEPA and the World Bank, as well as well equipped with necessary equipment, instruments, special vehicles and more importantly experienced environmental monitoring and chemical analysis specialists. The proposed expressway will be monitored by the Station. Monitoring Program HI-hei ProvincialCommunications Depariment 140 Environmental Im,pact Assessment of Aiaogan-Aiangfan Expresswvay HBREMS will carry out the sampling, preservation, and analytical with the methods in accordance with relevant guidelines and standards issued by SEPA. These are the same methods used in the National Expressway Projects Ill and IV in Hubei. The responsible organization for the monitoring program will be the World Bank Financed Project Office (WBFPO) of the Hubei Provincial Communications Department (HPCD), which is the executing agency of the Project. The monitoring program will cover noise, water quality, and ambient air quality and extend to both the construction and operation phases. Details of the program, including time, frequency, locations, and parameters are presented in Tables 8-4-1 to 8-4-3. Table 8.4-1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Program Phase Monitoring Sites Items Frequency Lasting time Sampling time Asphalt mixing TSP One time in the stations asphalt Once a week One day morning and in Constructi.on s s smog the afternoon Lime and earth mixing sites Unpaved TSP Samplng One day ame roads roads ~~~~~randomly above Tianjiawan Village. Taomiao primary school, Jiuligang Twice a year Five Operation primary school, TSP (January consecutive hours each day Zhoutaicun primary and July) days school, Donggang.village. . Table 8.4-2 Ambient Noise Monitoring Program Phase Monitoring Sites Items Frequency Last time Sampling time Tianjiawan village, Weihuangwan village, Dongwan village, Xiaowangying village, Leq, Once a Construction Taomiao primary school, A Oeek One day Twice a day Yandian hospital, Changsong primary school, Jiuligang primary school, Zhoutaicun primary school. Tianjiawan village,Beixiang village, Shangzhouwan Once in village, Lujiaqiao village, Leq, Four times Onyaine at Operation Liujiagang village, A a One day ateiOcme one Huangjiahouwan village, night Xiaowangying primary school Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 141 Environmental Impac Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan E-xpresswvay Table 8.4-3 Surface Water Quality Monitoring Program Phase Sites Items Frequency Last time Sampling time Huan river, Fu river, One time in Constructi'o Yun river, CODc,, Once a the morning nsc Sha river Ss, week one time in Tangbai river Mineral oil Qingshuihe reservoir afternoon All near Project bridges Sewage disposal facilities COD, Oo Operation of Service zones, Ss, Once a consecutive Once a day Huan, Fu, Yun, rivers near Mineral oil year three days the bridges In addition to the formal monitoring by specialists from the professional monitoring institution which may be used as a legal records of environmental performance at the construction sites for compliance purposes, routine monitoring by contractors and construction supervision companies will be conducted on a daily basis. The monitoring parameters and methods will include: * Noise at all construction machine side and sensitive receptors, to be measured by hand-hold noise meters; * Air borne dust at temporary access roads, stockpile of powering materials, disturbed soil, and hauling trucks, to be measured through visual observations; and * Water quality up and downstream of bridge construction sites, rivers, creeks, irrigation channels, lakes, and fish ponds which receiving discharges and surface runoff from the construction sites and construction camps, to be measured through visual observations. One of the major lessons learnt from environmental management of other expressway projects which are also financed by the World Bank is that the contractors and construction supervision must also be held accountable for environmental performance and monitoring and such monitoring should be part of their contractual obligations. Therefore, the contractors and construction supervision companies will be requested to report their daily measurements and observations for environmental performance to WBFPO on a monthly basis. They will be further requested to report immediately any unexpected environmental pollution or impacts so that WBFPO and/or contractors can take appropriate actions to mitigate, including additional monitoring by the professional monitoring station. All these requirements will be included in the bid documents so that the contractor and construction supervision are aware of the requirements when they bid and meets the requirements during construction as part of the contract requirements. SPCD and other environmental management and supervisory organizations can hold the contractors liable should they not comply with the monitoring requirements. flubei Provincia( Commutnications Department 142 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-XViangfon Expresswvay Dedicated staff from every civil work contractors and every construction supervision companies will be trained prior to the commencement of the construction to conduct the monitoring and reporting. WBFPO and its consultants will review the monthly reports and will visit the sites to inspect the daily monitoring work. All the monitoring and reporting requirements will be included in the contractors and construction supervision companies bid documents and later in their contracts so that the requirements will be part of contractual obligations. Monitoring Reports The results of the monitoring program will be included in formal written reports twice a year and submitted for review for WBFPO (or expressway operating company for the operation phase) and its consultants, SEPA, EPO of MOC, provincial EPB and the World Bank. These reports will be the basis for evaluation of site environmental performance and for developing additional mitigation measures for impacts exceeded applicable standards. Figure 8-2 shows the institutions involved in the reporting and reviews. SEPA EPO of Ministry of World Bank Communications H PB EPO of HIl'CD (In construction phase) WBFPO ofHPCD (In EPB of Municipalities Operation phase) The Proposed & Counties Expresswaay Co. (In operation phase) management sub-centre of different sections i Moniorin' Unit | (HBRESS) l Figure 8-2 Monitoring Report Procedure Hubei Provincial CommunicationsDepartment 143 Environmental Impact Assessment ofViaogan-Xiangfan E£presswvay Equipment and Facilities In order to properly carry out the planned environmental monitoring work, HBREMS needs to be well equipped with sampling and analytical equipment/instruments, as well as transportation and communication means for the field work. Following a careful evaluation of the actual need for the required effective environmental monitoring, the procurement list for environmental monitoring has been prepared, which is presented in Table 8.4-4. The exiting monitoring equipment at HBREMS have mostly occupied by the exiting monitoring work for the province's existing expressways and highways. The monitoring needs for Xiao-Xiang expressway construction and operation will require will be additional equipment for laboratory and field work, for air, noise and water quality monitoring. To facilitate the data collection, processing and field communication, there will also be needs for field vehicles, cell phones, and computers. Some of the computers are for the expressway company environmental staff. Table 8.4-4 Equipment and Facilities for environmental monitoring Items Quantity Unit Cost (USD) Total Cost (USD) CO ultra-red analyzer 3 6000 18,000 HC analyzer 3 10,000 30,000 Air sampler, with pump 5 2000 10,000 Scale 3 1000 3,000 Spectrum 3 1000 3,000 Noise meters 5 850 4,250 Noise analvzer 3 14,00 42,000 Water quality analyzer 2 10,000 20,000 BOD analyzer 2 8500 17,000 COD analyzer 3 2600 7,800 Microscope 3 1600 4,800 Motor vehicle emission analyzer 2 3000 6,000 Lap-top computer 5 2000 10,000 Desk-top computer 5 1500 7,500 Field vehicle 2 60,000 120,000 Mobile phone 6 500 3,000 Total 306,350 (about RMB2,530,000) Estimated Monitoring Cost The estimated cost for the monitoring program by HBREMS in the construction phase is RMB200,000 per year. For a 3.5 years construction period, the total cost will be RMB700,000. For operation phase, the monitoring cost is estimated to be RMB250,000 per year. For a 20 years monitoring period, the total estimated cost will be RMB5 million. In addition, a contingency of RMB8000 is planned for the construction phase for any unexpected need for additional monitoring work. HIibei Pr-ovincialCommtnications Department 144 Emnironmental Impacl Assessment of,Xioogw?-AXiangfan Expressway The cost of daily monitoring, including hand-hold noise meters, will be part of the contractors' bids. There will be no separate budget items by WBFPO for this cost. 8.5 Personnel Training The success of environmental management for the Project relies on the knowledge, and experience of the personnel involved in environmental management. As contemporary methodologies and approach towards environmental management for expressway construction and operation are still relatively new to the Hubei agencies involved including the yet to be established expressway company (EC) for expressway operation, personnel training, both abroad and at home will be needed. The overseas training will take place at countries with well established environmental management systems for capital projects and expressway operations. The domestic training will be conducted by environmental experts from universities, environmental institutions and professional consultants. The overseas training will also be regarded as training of the trainers and personnel who are involved in the overseas training will conduct training in domestic training program. As a lesson learnt from the previous Bank financed projects, contractors are one of the most important unit in construction phase environmental protection. Contractors and construction supervision must be involved in self monitoring. Even though such monitoring may not be completely objective, it is nevertheless a permanent presence at the site, serves as a good reminder of the environmental requirements, and allows better supervision by the environmental management and supervision organizations. In order for contractors and supervision to conduct the monitoring, the personnel training must include a training of contractor and supervision staff and their senior management. The details of the personnel training program is presented in Table 8.5-1. Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 145 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiang/an Evpresswvay Table 8.5-1 Personnel Training Program Location Phase Training contents Trainees Duration Time Cost AbroadConstruction Environmnental One each from HPCD, Abroad C&operation management and EC, WBFPO, and four weeks 2002 RMB300.000 policies Desing Unit Environmental Two from each Envuonmentalracorsan monitoring and cnrtosad3 day's 2002 RMB I 0.000 reporting construction supervision companies Two from each Environmental management subcentre eight weeks 2002 RMB40.000 management (Xiaogan. Suizhou. Xiangfan) and WBFPO Cultural relics Two from each Three davs 2002 RMB 10,000 Domestic protection contractor Environtmental Two from each section supervision (Xiaogan, Suizhou and two weeks 2002 RMB30.000 engineer Xiangfan) Emrgc dTwo from each section 6 person- o sEmergencydealng (Xiaogan, Suizhou and times two 2003 RMB50,000 Operation specialist Xiangfan) weeks Environmental Two from each 14 person- anagement m anagement sub-centers times two 2004 RMB70.000 specialist expressway weeks company Total 3 pes RMB5 10.000 I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~times 8.6 Implementation Schedule and Estimated Cost Implementation Schedule The schedule for implementing the mitigation measures and other environmental action items will be phased in such a way they will meet the needs and follow with the overall Project preparation and construction schedule. Details of the implementation schedule is presented in Table 8.6-1. Table 8.6-1 Implementation Progress of Major EP Measures Item 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 213 4 Land acquisition, Dismantling = = Heightening enclosures Landscaping Noise barriers Sewage disposal facilities in service stations, parking zones, etc. Staff training _ _ Estimated Cost Hu,bei ProvincialComniriications Departmetit 146 Environn,enIC1l ImpacI .-Issessnient ofXioogan-AYiangfan Evpressva,v The cost for mititWation measures, pollution control facilities and other environmental management measures are estimated. The cost includes one-time capital cost for mitigation and pollution control facilities and annual cost for implementing environmental monitoring and other actions. All these costs have been incorporated into the Project budget. The one costs are presented in Table 8.6-2 and additional cost for environmental which has been estimated as part of engineering cost is presented in Table 8.6-3. Table 8.6-2 Cost Estimation of Environmental Protection Measures Items Subjects/Description Amount Cost (Yuan) Remarks EIA & Also including environmental How conduct Project EA 1 1,400,000 Arto ofEMP. design and study preparation of EMP. StatTtrainingTrainino for relevant 510 000 Domestic technical Staff training Tannforevnt-510,000 training cost, personnel 4 21.OX 109 Yuan Equipment and To properly carry out the Facilities for planned environmental 2,530,000 See Table 8.4-4 monitoring monitoring work Implementation of Monitoring plan monitoring programs for 3.5 years 700,000 20 X I 4 Yuan/a X 3.5a construction phase Contingency for 80,000 accident Provisional Minimize the impacts Including garbage bins, budget for resulting from the 60,000 washrooms, electric Baizhaoshan increased visitors , vehicle, park lot and forest park stafftraining Envi ronmental 1000 supervisors Six persons 258,000 Yuan/person * month, for 3.5 years Noise mitigation See Table 7.1-3 and measures windows, plantations, - 2,272,000 7.1-4 measures ~noise barriers714 Wastewater treatment 4 2,200,000 55X 104 Yuan/one facilities 4 _,0,005__04Ya/n Water pollution Water-oil separator 7 700,000 1ox I04 Yuan/one control Equipment and material Estimated based of emergent response - 1,800,000 experience from other similar projects Temporary septic tanks - 400,000 20 construction camps Air pollution Including operation control Water spraying vehicles 6 1,200,000 cost Temporarv retain wall, Preervtiof draining ditches, settling 2,440,000 Yuan/km Preservation for bain an stra mat I 0 000 Yuan/km ecoystm nd oi basins and straw mats ecosystemoand soil Rehabilitation of Borrow pits 1,881,400 budgetary estimate erosion borrowino pits and waste Disposal ______disposal sitesdisposal sites areasr ~~10,830,400 budgetary estimate Pave the roads, install Access roads safety warning signs, 6 roads 293,000 See Table 7.1-5 training of truck drivers Hubei Provincial CommunicationsDepartment 147 Environmental Impaci Assessment of Xiaogan-Xiangfan £vpressivay Table 8.6-2 Cost Estimation of Environmental Protection Measures(Continued) Items Subjects/Description Amount Cost (Yuan) Remarks All the Investigation Almts 500,000 al ignments Cultural relics 150X 104 Yuan for Excavation 2 sites 2,500,000 Huangiinshan tomb, and IOOX 104 Yuan for Shaojiapeng site 32,554,800 Table 8.6-3 Cost of Environmental Protection as Engineering Cost Items Description Amount Cost (million Remarks Yuan) Interchanges, central treedplanptinga median, service zones, 243.535 km 25 Budgetary Estimate parking zones Soil erosion prevention at Engineering works 243535 km 36.6 Budgetary Estimate high fill and vegetation measures deep cut sections Total 61.60 Annual cost for Environmental Equipment During the operation phase, there will be costs for carrying out routine environmental work and this cost is estimated in Table 8.6-4. Table 8.6-4 Yearly Operation Cost of the Equipment No. Items Cost (Yuan) Remarks Monitoring cost in operation phase 250,000 2 Technical training cost 10,000 3 Chemical reagents, utilities 250,000 4 Maintenance, repair and renew of 500,000 Wastewater disposal environmental facilities facilities, etc.. 5 Salary and labor payment 36,000 Total 1 ,046.000 Total for 20 years 20,920.000 In summary, the total cost for environmental management and pollution control for this Project is estimated to be RMBI 15.75 million. As the total cost for the Project is RMB7.5 billion, environmental protection will be 1.54% of the total. Hltbet Provincial Commudnications Departnment 148 Environmcental Impact Assessment afAiiaogan-Xiangfan F.prcsswvay Chapter 9 Public Consultation The construction of the Xiaogan-Xiangfan expressway will, on one hand enhance transportation and economic and links among different administrative regions and promote local economic development. On the other hand, it may impact directly or indirectly on many aspects of the environment as well as social and economic activities of the local people. Issues such as land acquisition, resettlement, and land severance are highly sensitive. The rural residents along the Project alignment could also be concerned with noise, air pollution, wastewater discharge and health and safety during the construction and operation phases of the Project. Therefore it is necessary to undertake public consultation in order to address the concerns appropriately and adequately, which is also a requirement of OP4.01 of the World Bank. 9.1 Consultation Implementation Approach and Methodology According to the requirement of the World Bank's OP4.01, two rounds of the public consultation were conducted, one before the completion of Project EA's TOR between August and September 2000 and the other after the draft EIA Report was completed between March, April and May 2001. The sample size in the second round of the public consultation was significantly increased, following comments in this regard from World Bank specialists. The public consultation covered the areas passed through by the Expressway in Xiaogan City, Yunmeny County, Annu City, Suizhou City, Zaoyang, Xiangyang County and Xiangfan urban district. The public consultation was carried out through interviews of individual residents who would be directly impacted by the Project and/or through small-scale public meetings of the affected urban and rural residents and organizations, as well as other stakeholders. People who join the interviews or meetings were also asked to fill a questionnaire designed specifically for the public consultation activities. Consulted Groups In order to ensure the representation, groups consulted were classified into: * The project-affected groups: residents, businesses and enterprise, etc.. * Non-governmental organizations, including the People's Congress of county and administrative districts, the People's Political Consultative Conference, All China Women Federation, and community groups; * Various government departments, including Departments of Environmental Protection, Water Supply and Irrigation, Agriculture, Forestry and Transportation. Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 149 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-,iangfJan Expresswiay In total, 246 individuals were consulted in the first round of the public consultation following the completion of the draft TOR. In the second round of public consultation carried out in March to May 2001, a further 3,677 individuals were consulted. In total, 3,923 people were surveyed, from 1 17 villages, 8 schools and I medical institution (Yandian Town Hospital). The consultation sample was 1.78% of the total of 221,037 people to be directly affected by the expressway Project, and 70.5% of the population in all 166 affected villages. At the same time, consultations were held with local EPB, water conservancy bureaus, agriculture bureaus. forestrv bureaus and communications bureaus. People consulted included local villagers, village heads, public servants, teachers, students and workers and so on. Most of them live in brick and wood houses near the proposed Project alignment. Household sizes range from 3 to 10 persons. Households with 2-3 laborers make up 78% of all which were consulted. Other demographic information of the consulted public is summarized in Table 9.1-1. Table 9.1-1 Basic Information of the People Consulted Items Quantity Age Sex Occupation Level of education <45 >45 Male Female Farmer Worker Other Primary Middle High College and <45 Male Female Farmer Worker Other school or less school school above No. Of 3923 1928 1995 1827 2096 3696 89 138 1986 995 561 381 persons _ _ _ _____ I 100 49.2 50.8 46.6 53.4 94.2 2.27 3.52 50.6 25.4 14.3 9.71 9.2 Public Opinion Questionnaire In total, 3990 public opinion questionnaires were distributed and 3923 of them were returned. Table 9.2-1 summarizes the public opinions as they responded to the questions about the impacts of the Project as well as the Project itself. Table 9.2-1 Public Response to Questions from the Questionnaire No. Questions and Choices of Answers % of the response to (I) (2) (3) I Understanding extent of the Project (I) Much (2) A little (3) No 69.2 28.9 1.9 2 General attitude to the proposed Project 95 3 0 0 (1) Start Project as soon as possible (2) Hold the Project (3) Cancel it .3 In your opinion, is it necessary to build the expressway: (1) Very necessary (2) Unnecessary (3) None of my business 95.5 0 4.5 4 Do you agree with the route alignment (1) Yes (2) No (3) No idea 82.4 5.6 12.0 In your opinion, whom the expressway will benefit the most 72.2 27.6 (select more if needed): (1) State (2) Local area (3) Individuals 10 . Opinions on land acquisition and resettlement: 6 (1) As close to original place as possible (2) Settled in new areas 88.9 11.1 0 (3) Do not obey In your opinion, what is the extent of environmental impacts: 15.5 78.6 5.9 _ (I) Enormous; (2) Moderate; (3) Minor or no impacts Hlrbet Provincial Commutnications Department 150 Environmiental Impact .ssessment ofXiaog7n-Xiangfan Evpresswiav Table 9.2-1 Public Response to Questions from the Questionnaire(Continued) No. Questions and Choices of Answers '%/ of the response to _____ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(1)-(2) (3) If there are impacts, in your opinion, which is the most serious (select 8 more if needed): (I) Noises from machinery (2) Dust from construction 77.0 49.2 6.8 (3) Others If influence exists, which measure you can accept the most: 32.1 87 ______(1) Noise barrier (2) Planting (3) Adjust the route alignment 32. .6 9.6 The general public opinions may be summarized based on the results ofthe public opinion survey (Table 9.2-1): As various early stage work were being carried out at the time, more and more people became aware of the proposed Project. Of the people consulted, 69.2% have good understanding and 28.9% have a little understanding about the Project. When asked about their opinions on the route alignment of the expressway, 82.4% agreed about the plan. However, 12% did not know the actual route or direction. Therefore, promotion of the Expressway needs to be more specific. * On the general attitude towards the Project construction, almost all the people consulted expressed their support for the construction (95.5%), and their wishes for its completion and operation as early as possible. Very few people were indifferent. * On the resettlement issues, 88.9% hoped to resettle as close to the original places as possible. Only I 1.I% expressed that they wished to leave their home area and relocate elsewhere. Nobody expressed objection or to the resettlement policies. * On the environmental Impacts and mitigation measures, following the explanations from the EA team which was conducting the survey, 15.5% of people thought that there would be a great impact on the environment while 5.9% regarded the impacts as negligible. On more specific issues, 77% of people surveyed regarded noise would be the greatest impact. About 49.2% of people believed that residents would be severely affected by dust, noise and bulk construction materials (ashes, earth and stones) if the temporary accesses roads are close to villages. While 87.6% of people believed that landscaping and tree planting would be the best measure for mitigation these impacts, while some thought erection of noise barriers or locating the expressway as far away from residential area as possible will also be necessary. 9.3 Public Consultation Activities Records Public meetings and group interviews conducted during the public consultation for this Project are summarized in Table 9.3-1. Locations of the consultation activities are shown in Map 9-1. Hubei Provincial CommunicationsDepartment 15 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressivay Table 9.3-1 Record of Public Consultation Information Location People Interview/ Main Public Perceptions, Concerns and Time City/County Town Village (Male/ meeting Requirements /District Female) 4/20/2001 Wuhong 22/13 1 Require acceptable compensation for their land loss. 4/20/2001 Honglian 20/12 1 Require a underpass to solve the 4.20/2001 Honglian_20_12__ community severance 4/20/2001 Hongshan 19/13 1 Require acceptable compensation for their land loss. 8/16/2000 Sancha Jianzeng 3/5 Require restoration of the irrigation system as soon as possible. 4/20/2001 Manqiao 23/15 I The temporary road design is concerned, _2 Manqia2/1require the road by-pass their village. 4/21/2001 Ton-chi 22/8 I fRequire a underpass to solve the 4communicty severance. Asphalt mixing location is concerned, they 4/21/2001 Bailong 15/14 1 hink that the asphalt is toxic and require the mixing station away from their houses. 4/21/2001 Lishu 15/10 l Require acceptable compensation for their Xihe town land loss 4/22/2001 Xihe 20/21 M Require restoration of the irrigation system s soon as possible. 4/22/2001 Xiacai 18/15 1 Dust in construction phase is concerned, require watering un-paved roads. 4/22/2001 Zhugang 17/18 1 Hope to get jobs in the proposed Project. 4/22/2001 Gexin 17/13 1 Require restoration of the irrigation system s soon as possible. 4/22/2001 Xiacnan Gexin primary 6/4 Require facilities to ensure the students' District school pafety during operation phase. 4/22/2001 Taomiao 25/15 1 Require a underpass to solve community severance 4/23/2001 Dalian 25/12 Require restoration of the irrigation system as soon as possible. 4/23/2001 Xiaogang Guoyano 20/17 M Require a underpass to solve the town wommunity severance 8/16/2000 Yangqiao 5/5 I Require a underpass to solve the community severance 8/16/2000 Yangqiao 5/6 Require plantation to mitigate the traffic primary school noise on classrooms in operation phase. 4/23/2001 Wangliang 20/18 1 Require restoration the irrigation system as soon as possible. 4/23/2001 Yongshan 27/20 1 Require restoration the irrigation system as oon as possible. Asphalt mixing location is concerned, they 4/24/2001 Changjiang 23/20 M equire that the mixing areas far away from heir houses. 4/24/2001 Xinpu town Fuqiang 19/10 ioonRequire as possible.restoration the irrigation system as 4/24/2001 Luopo 10/14 1 Require jobs in construction phase. Concern compensation for their land loss. Satisfied with the Alignment and the 4/24/2001 Xiaonan District Government 18/13 M location of interchanges and underpasses, I______require employment in construction. Hubei Provincial Comminications Department 152 Environmental Impact .4ssessmenw ofX.aogan-Xiangfan Expressivav Table 9.3-1 Record of Public Consultation Information (Continued) Location People Interview! Main Public Perceptions, Concerns and Time City/County (Male!/eureet e /District Town Village Female) meeting Requirements 4/24/2001 Xiaonan People's Congress 22/17 M Care about the problem of land acquisition, require a acceptable RAP. Think that the main environmental issues 4/24/2001 Fuhua 25/11 1 will be produced in construction phase, _require a good construction plan 4/24/2001 Wangshan 17/10 I Require restoration the irrigation systems Baisha town as soon as possible. 4/26/2001 Wuxu 17/11 I Require acceptable compensation for loss of some farmland. Think that the environmental impacts are 4/26/2001 Xiaochang Fuli 13/12 1 mainly in construction phase, and they can County bear the impacts. The underpass location is concerned, 4/26/2001 Zhangpan 15/11 1 equire that the underpass construction be priority. Xiaochang County Satisfied with the alignment and location o 4/26/2001 Xlaochang County 17/12 M interchanges and underpasses, require Government employment in construction. 4/26/2001 Xiaochang People's 28/18 M Require that RAP on the base of related ______Congress tate regulations and policies. Think that the main environmental issues 4/27/2001 Honggang 11/17 1 will be produced in construction phase, require a good construction plan 4/27/2001 Miaowang 15/17 I They require that the asphalt mixing areas ar away from their houses. 4/27/2001 Daodian Weidian 3/14 1aRequire restoration of the irrigation system town as soon as possible. 4/27/2001 Tangchen 16/14 1 Require jobs in construction phase. Require acceptable compensation for the 8/16/2000 Jiepai 3/0 1 loss of farmland, and recovering the irrigation svstem as soon as possible. 4/27/2001 _ Zhangyuan 13/8 1 Rehabilitation of vegetation is concerned. Location of borrow pits is concerned, 4/27/2001 Yunmeng Liudian 14/14 1 equire borrow pits selected with County _agreement of local people. T'hink that the main environmental issues 4/27/2001 Luoqiao 16/14 1 will be produced in construction phase, Zengdian require a good construction plan 4/27/2001 town Puohuang 14/10 I Safety of children and livestock is concerned. 4/27/2001 Renhe 10/11 I Require acceptable compensation for the farmland loss. 4/27/2001 Yulou 13/20 I Require acceptable compensation for the farmland loss. 4/27/2001 Yunmeng County ~~~~~~~~18/1 7 M locationSatisfied ofwith interchanges the alignnent and andunderpasses, the 4/27/2001IGovernment require emplovment in construction. 4/27/2001 Yunmeng People's Congress 19/14 M Require RAP on the base of related state HubeiIProvincial Com negulations and policies. Hubei Provincial Communications Departnment 153) Environmental Impact Assessment ofX,iaogan-Xiangfan Expresswvay Table 9.3-1 Record of Public Consultation Information (Continued) Location People Interview/ Main Public Perceptions, Concerns and Time City/County Town Village (Male! meeting Requirements /D istrict To wn Village Fem ale) ______4/28/2001 Changpeng 12/14 1 Require a underpass to solve the problem f community severance. fhe teachers think that dust and noise impact a problem, but the surrounding 8/16/2000 Chngon 4 1 vegetation is gyood enough to mitigate. primary00Changshoo 4/4 I tRequire deposit areas not occupy the p layground of the school. Bofan town Require acceptable compensation for the 4/28/2001 Anlu County Dongmiao 10/14 1 farmland loss, and restoration of the irrigation system as soon as possible. 4/28/2001 Longcong 19/16 1 Environmental issues are not a concern, Hope to get jobs from the Project he compensation for land loss is 4/28/2001 Pancong 13/11 I concerned, require acceptable compensation funds he underpass design is concerned. 4/28/2001 Sanli 13/18 1 Require that the size of underpasses should meet future development. 4/28/200 1 Caomiao 151I I Require that existing irrigation system shall be enhanced in project-construction. They require that the asphalt mixing areas should be far away from their houses. Require resettlement near their current 4/28/2001 Datang 14/17 I houses Require acceptable compensation for the 4/28/200 1 Nancheng Sili 13116 I farmland loss. townprimary The teachers concern traffic noise in 8/17/2000 Sili primary 4/8 1 operation phase, they think that noise barrier is necessary. Environmental issues are not a case, they 4/28/2001 Xiaowan 16/18 1 hope to get jobs from the project- construction. Environmental issues are not a case, they 4/28/2001 Anlu County Hupeng 23/20 M hope to get jobs from the project- construction. Asphalt mixing location is concerned, they think that the asphalt is toxic material and 4/28/20018/19I Sancong 1 require that the mixing areas should be far Tangli town away from their houses. Require acceptable compensation for the famadIos 8/17/2000 Hupeng 8/4 farmland loss. They require acceptable compensation for 4/28/2001 Zhangchen 18/11 1 the farmland loss, and hope to get jobs from the Project. 4128/2001 Bishan 18/20 1 acceptable compensation for the 4/28/2001 Bishan 18/20 I ~~~~~~Require farmland loss. Yandian The doctors and headers of hospital think 8/17/2000 Yandian 8/5 1 that traffic noise may impact adversely, hospitl Isome measures are required. Hzrbei Provincial Commrrnications Department 154 Environmental Inmpact Assessmeni of Xiaogan-Xiangfan ExpressavY Table 9.3-1 Record of Public Consultation Information (Continued) Location People Interview/ Main Public Perceptions, Concerns and Time City/County Town Village (Male! ting Requirements /District Female) mee Asphalt mixing areas is concerned, they 4/28/2001 Calu 17/8 I think the asphalt is toxic and require the mixing areas far away from their houses. The location of borrow pits is concerned, 8/17/2000 Yandian 3/9 1 require borrow pits selection with I______agreement of local people. 4/28/2001 Yuanfan 22/17 M Environmental issues are not a case but hope to get jobs from the Project Satisfies with the alignment and location of 4/28/2001 Anlu County Government 25/18 M interchanges and underpasses, require employment in construction. 4J28/2001 Anlu People's Congress 27/22 m Require RAP on the base of related state regulations and policies. The underpass design is concerned. 4/29/2001 Annan 21/19 1 Require underpass sizes meet future Suizhou City Anju town development. 4/29/2001 Fanjiagang 17/18 I Require restoration of the irrigation ______systems as soon as possible. 4/29/2001 _ Hemu 23/12 Require acceptable compensation for loss 4/29200 Heuo2f farmland. 8/18/2000Qikeshu8/8 1 The location of underpasses or over- crossings is concerned. 4/29/2001 Anju town Zhongjiawan 19/11 I Interested in the location of the nearest interchange. 4/29/2001 Hejiatai 19/1 7 I Hope to get jobs from the Project Concerned existing farmland will split by 4/29/2001 Jiaotenhe 23/23 1 he expressway, acceptable resettlement plan should be carried out. Hedian town Asphalt mixing areas selection is 8/18/2000 Jinhualing 9/8 1 oncerned, they think the asphalt toxic and require the mixing areas away from houses. 4/29/2001 Zaoshuya 17/20 1 Require restoration the irrigation systems s soon as possible. 4/29/2001 Caijiacong 13/15 l Require acceptable compensation for their land occupied. 4/29/2001 Suizhou City Caowang 14/20 M Hope to get jobs from the project Require acceptable compensation for the 8/18/2000 Jiuligang 14/12 1 loss offarmland, and restoration ofthe H-luantan irrigation system as soon as possible. Jiuligang The safety of students and traffic noise is primary concerned. 4/29/2001 Wanjiahe 12/13 1 Compensation for land loss is concerned. Community severance is concerned, Hope 8/18/2000 Xumiao 7/4 I nderpass size satisfy agricultural ctivities. 4/29/2001 Xiehe 16/14 l Require restoration the irrigation systems Junchuan as soon as possible. 8/18/21000 Yuyan 7/7 I Dust and asphalt smog pollution is 8/18/2000 Yuycn oncerned H-/ubei Provincial Communications Department 155 Environmental Impact Alssessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan fErpresswvay Table 9.3-1 Record of Public Consultation Information (Continued) Location People Interview/ Main Public Perceptions, Concerns and Time City/County own Village (Male! meeting Requirements /DistrictFea) 4/29/2001 Zhonasici 10/19 I Farmland resettlement is concerned, Hope 4/29/2001 10/19Zhongsici I land relocates near their houses. 4/29/2001 Hewan 12/15 I Community severance is concerned. 8/18/2000 Huawuwan 8/8 1 Compensation for land loss is concerned, equire acceptable compensation fund. Employment a concern Hope to get jobs 8/18/2000 Luoyang Liujiaqiao 12/11 fE project From the project. Liujiaq.ao.raffic noise is a concern, teachers think 8/18/2000 Liujiaqiao 5/4 I hat higher enclosing wall and trees plantation may solve the problem. Compensation for land loss and community 4/29/2001 Nanjiao Dashanpo 16/11 1 severance are concerns, Require acceptable district compensation fund. 4/29/2001 district Huangfan 15/16 1 Compensation for land loss is concerned. 4/29/2001 Xinmiao 18/13 1 Compensation for land loss is concerned. Satisfied with the alignment and the 4/29/2001Government Suizho City 20/16location of interchanges and underpasses, 4/29/2001 Suizhou City Government 20/16 M Provide compensation fund to affected people as soon as possible. 4/29/2001 Suizhou People's Congress 24/14 M Require RAP on the base of related state 4/29/2001 SuihouPeole' Cngrss 4/1 M regulations and policies. 5/09/2001 Hugyangy 14/14 1 Require restoration of the irrigation 5/09/2001 Huystems as soon as possible. 5/09/2001 Lupo 22/17 1 Dust and asphalt smog pollution is concerned 5/092001Caiyan Sefn 114 Farmland resettlement a concern. Hope 5/09/2001 Caiyan Shenfan 16/14 1 relocated land near their houses. 8/19/2000 Wupo 11/12 1 Community severance is a concern. 5/09/2001 Yuzui 17/13 I The underpass design a concern. Require 5nderpasses size meet future development. 5/09/2001 Changyan 12/10 1 Require restoration the irrigation systems as soon as possible. 5/09/2001 Gaoan 20/11 1 Require acceptable compensation for loss 5f some farmland. 5092001_ Juwan Gouzha The location of underpasses or over- 5/09/2001 Zaoyang Juwan Gouzhuang 11/I2 I crossings is concerned. City Asphalt mixing areas selection is 5/09/2001 Sanfang 20/13 I concerned, they think asphalt is toxic and require the mixing areas away from houses. 8/20/2000 Yanjiagang 13/12 1 hey hope to get jobs from the Project. 5/10/2001 Caogang 30/7 1 Community severance is concerned. 5102001 Lia_j town hRequire acceptable compensation for loss 5/10/2001 Liangji town Chengang 11/16 1 of some farmland. 5/10/2001 Zhengwa 15/11 f Employment is concerned. 5/10/2001 Changcong 14/20 1 Recovering the irrigation is concerned. 8/20/2000 Chendian 8/4 I Temporary roads is concerned. Not welcome a road pass through their village. 5/10/2001 Wangcheng Duwan 12/11 Environmental impact is not a concern to 8/20/2000 Duwan primary 2/1 l he school, because of few students, most school of students join Wangcheng town school. Hzibei ProvincialCommunications Department 156 Environnental Inmpact Assessnmenl ofAiaogan-Xiangfan Lrpresswvav Table 9.3-1 Record of Public Consultation Information (Continued) Location People Interview/ Main Public Perceptions, Concerns and /District Town Village (Male/ meeting Requirements Time00 Cnist/cty Female) Compensationfor_land_los_is_concerne 5/10/2001 Guling 18/14 1 Compensation for land loss is concerned. S/10/2001 Shuanglou 19/17 M Compensation for land loss is concerned. 5/11/2001 Chunling 15/10 1 Compensation for land loss is concerned. 5/11/2001 Dongzhaohu 19/19 I They hope to get jobs from the project. 5/11/2001 Wudian Yaogang 16/13 1 Compensation for land loss is concerned. The underpass design is concerned. 5/11/2001 Zhouzai 17/13 1 Require underpasses size meet future development. 5/11/2001 Dayan 16/22 1 Compensation for land loss is concerned. 8/21/2000 Fenggang 7/5 1 Compensation for land loss is concerned. 5/11/2001 Xinglong Zhoutai 12/12 M The underpass design and compensation or land are concemed. 8/21/2000 Zhoutai primar 4/8 1 Traffic noise is concemed by teachers. school Satisfied with the alignment and location of interchanges and underpasses. Provide 5/11/2001 Zaoyang County Government 18/12 M opnainfn oafce epea r , ~~~~~~~~~compensation fund to affected people as soon as possible. Require RAP on the base of related state 5/11/2001 Zaoyang People's Congress 16/1l M reaulationseg .tin andan policies.plce. 5/12/2001 Liujia 12/8 1 Dust pollution in construction phase is concerned. 5/12/2001 Gaoying 11/10 I Require asphalt mixing areas far away from their houses. 8/21/2000 WangsizhuangHuopai' 3/? l Location of borrow pits is concerned, 8/21/2000 Hupi Wangsizhuang 3/7 I Require borrow areas selected with agreement of local people. The underpass design is concerned. 5/12/2001 Xiafeng 13/10 1 Require underpasses size meet future development. 5/12/2001 Chenwan 14/14 1 The location ofthe nearest interchange is concerned 5/12/2001 Dugan- 14/18 l The location of the nearest interchange is 5/12/2001 DuanShuan4gou concerned Xiangyang ShuanggouUnderpass design is concerned and require 5/12/2001 Y Gongzui 10/20 I nderpasses size not restrict agricultural nd transportation activities. The location of the nearest interchange is 5/12/2001 Lipo 14/14 I concerned Zhan.j'l Houses resettlement is concerned and 5/12/2001 Zhangji Niejiagang 10/16 l equire the resettlement in the same village. 8/22/2000 Zhoudang 10/7 I Compensation for land loss is concerned. Underpass design is concerned and require 5/12/2001 Liuhu 12/14 1 underpasses size not restrict the Zhanawan lagricultural and transportation activities. 8/22/2000 h XiaowangyingXRecovering 9/9 the irrigation is concemed. 8/22/2000 Xiaowangying 4 oncern traffic noise in operation phase. primary school _Require noise barrier on the expressway. Hubei ProvincialComnunications Department 157 Environmenial Impact.Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressva,v Table 9.3-1 Record of Public Consultation Information (Continued) Location People interview! Main Public Perceptions, Concerns and Time City/County (Male!/ eei /Disrict Town Village Female) meigRequirements he underpass design is concerned. 5/12/2001 Zhuzhuang 12/10 1 Require underpasses size meet future development. Satisfied with the alignment and location o 5/12/2001 Xiangyang County 22/20 M interchanges and underpasses, provide GoveFnment __ _ compensation fund to affected people as soon as possible. 5/12/2001 Xiangyang People's 25il8 Concerned about land acquisition. require a I____Congress acceptable RAP. Total 116 villages, 9 schools, I hospital, 7 39 22meetings governments, 7 related groups interviews Note: M stands for meeting, I stands for interview AHlbei Proviineial Commuinications Department 158 SI Environmenlal Impact Assessment ofNciaogan-Xkiangan Evpressivav 9.4 Main Concerns of the Affected Public and Responses Main Public Concerns Through meetings and interviews of the directly affected public, main concerns over the Project construction and operations are gathered. Many of these concerns are common to many villages and schools and they are summarized as follows: * The affected people along the proposed expressway are most concerned about appropriate compensation for land acquisition and resettlement. They asked that compensation be executed according to the requirements of state or provincial policies. a Most of the resettlement-affected people cannot accept that they are relocated to a place faraway from the village they live in now. * Some farmers worries about the impact on their farm irrigation systems. They asked sufficient culverts be built during the construction. * School teachers of the affected schools are concerned about noise and requested noise barrier be erected, trees be planted between the expressway and the schools, and/or increase the height of the school perimeter walls to reduce noise level. They also request safety measures be built to ensure students' safety during construction and operation. * Most of the affected people along the proposed expressway worries about the inconvenience in social and agricultural activities, such as shopping, visiting relatives and friends, and farming caused by severance of their communities and farmland by the expressway. They request overpass or under pass be built near their communities with sufficient sizes for accommodate current and future agricultural and social activities. * Local government officials and village leaders highly support the Project to pass through the areas under their jurisdiction. They requested to build ramps or interchanges in their town or village to have the access to the expressway. Meanwhile, they hope and believe the construction of the expressway will benefit the local economy and local farmers will be employed in the construction. They guarantee the compensation fund provided to Project-affected peopole and groups will be distributed as soon as possible. Responses to Public Concerns The concerns and requirements arising from public consultation have been well received and given a thorough and careful consideration in conjunction with the Project design team. Measures have been adopted to address these concerns and have been incorporated into the engineering design in the preparation phase. The key responses to the public concems are: Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 159 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan E.xpressway * Land acquisition and resettlement office under HPCD have set up, and a RAP is being prepared in accordance with the relevant state and provincial resettlement. * As to the ramps for access to the expressway required by the local governments along the proposed expressway, it has been considered thoroughly in the Project design. Two interchanges providing exit from and entrance to the expressway for each affected city, district and county have been incorporated into the design. On average, the distance between two access is about 18.7 km, which can meet the demand for connection between existing roads and the proposed expressway. * In responding to community severance concern, the design includes 454 underpasses and 147 over-crossings along the expressway, providing connection of farmland and communities in every villages affected. * In responding to the concern about the impact on irrigation infrastructure, the design includes 52 small bridges of various sizes and 524 culverts, which will ensure the road construction bear minimum impact on the irrigation systems. * To ensure the safety of students, residents and livestocks, the design includes the installation of fences along both sides of the entire expressway, which is also applied to sections of road passing through residential areas. * To the environmental pollution concerned by the impacted people and teachers of the affected schools, specific analysis and studies with concrete measures have been already incorporated in the EIA report. Suitable mitigation measures will be taken based on EAP, including erection noise barriers, installation of noise insulation windows, increase the height of perimeter walls for schools and landscaping and tree planting. * With regard to the employment opportunities during Project construction, concerned by the public and local governments, HPCD will give it a full considerations. Experience with other similar projects in the past shows that a large number of employment will be sought from the local communities during construction and a significant support and push will be given to the local economy through employment, expenditure, services, and materials supply as result of the construction activities. 9.5 Conclusions of Public Consultation The public consultation shows that the public along the alignment, as well as local governments and organizations support to the proposed Project because they believe that the Project will bring benefits to the local economy and themselves directly. In their opinions, land loss, community severance, asphalt smog and borrow pits are major activities causing environment impacts. Corresponding measures have been designed and will be taken to effectively mitigate these concerns to acceptable levels. [Iubei Provincial Communications Department 160 EM'ironmenial Impact AIssessment of Aiaogan-.Xiungfan Expresswval 9.6 Information for Disclosure The consultation team provided the public with an overview of the expressway Project before undertaking the initial consultation (before the completion of TOR), including Project objectives, brief description of the Project, project alignment and anticipated environmental and socio-economic impacts to the surrounding areas. A copy of the overview is presented in Box 9.6-1. After the completion of Draft EIA report, the consultation team further provided various groups and the general public with a summary of the EA's conclusions. Box 9.6-1 Information Provided to the Public . The name of this Project is Xiaogan-Xiangfan expressway. It is a fully-closed freeway and the total length i about 240 km. The expressway passes through three cities such as Xiaogan, Suizhou and Xiangfan and th total investment is about 7.4 billions Yuan (RMB). The proposed Project will start construction in Octohe 2001 and complete and open to traffic at the end of 2005. The proposed expressway will alleviate the traffi pressure and bottleneck of national highway 316, improve the local economy and encourage th "Development of West China". The proposed expressway will significantiy shorten the traveling tim between Wuhan city and Xi'an city . There are many environmental problems that the proposed expressway could potentially cause, including: th proposed expressway will occupy some land and dismantle some buildings; during the construction it wil cause dust and noise and the temporary accesses may affect the daily life of nearby residents; the constructio camps will produce garbage, sewage and so on; the construction of large bridge could influence floo discharge and water quality and the explosion of hill could cause safety concerns; and the construction o expressway may also influence the agriculture irrigation system. • After construction of the proposed expressway the noise level alongside the expressway will be increasing The noise level will be 55-65 dB(A) at night while national standard of noise of the first row of buildings i 70 dB(A) in daytime and 55 dB(A) at night. The ambient air quality will also be deteriorated in constructio phase. In addition, the expressway will resulting in community severance causing inconvenience t agricultural and social activities. . The problem of land acquisition and buildings dismantling will be compensated, and a resettlement actio plan will be developed based on the relevant state and provincial policies- Construction of perimeter walls noise barrier, sound insulation windows and tree planting mitigate the noise pollution. Planting an afforestion will mitigate the air pollution. As well. Construction of abundant underpasses and over-crossing will alleviate the community severance impacts caused by the proposed expressway. The pollution i construction phase will be mitigated by strict construction management and monitoring, as well as goo planning such as selecting the temporary access roads and construction camps properly. The initial results of public consultations and the Draft EIA report were made available in public locations of affected cities and counties as part of the information disclosure to the general public. The distribution of the documents is summarized in Table 9.6-1. The public has the access to these documents and through these documents obtains relevant information on detailed alignment comparison and selection, impact assessment and mitigation planning, as well as Project's decision-making process. The public could also obtain information on the responses to the public from the public through the public consultation process. The public consultation is a continued process and the public is invited to further express their concerns about the Project and the Project EA following their review of the relevant documents. Further responses to the public from this process are subsequently included into Environmental Action Plans. Hubei ProvincialCommunications Department 161 Environmental Impact .4ssessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway Table 9.6-1 Public Locations for Disclosure _ ~~Public No Locations Region Disclosed Documents I Books Center Xiaonan district Draft EIA report, EAP, Part of public consultation record 2 Yunmeng library Yunmeng county Draft EIA report, EAP, Part of public consultation record 3 Anlu library Anlu county Draft EIA report, EAP, Part of public consultation record 4 Youth center Yandian town of Anlu Draft EIA report, EAP, Part of public consultation record county 5 Luoyang library Luoyangdian town Draft EIA report, EAP, Part of public consultation record 6 Hedian cultural Hedian town of Suizhou city Draft EIA report, EAP, Part of public consultation record center 7 Junchuan library Junchuan town, Suizhou Draft EIA report, EAP, Part of public consultation record 8 Suizhou library Zendu district, Suizhou Draft EIA report, EAP, Part of public consultation record 9 Anju library Anju town, Suizhou Draft EIA report, EAP, Part of public consultation record 10 Huantan library Huantan town, Suizhou Draft EIA report, EAP, Part of public consultation record ITI Wangcheng Wangcheng town, Zacyang Draft EIA report, EAP, Part of public consultation record library county 12 Zaoyang librarv Zaoyang city Draft EIA report, EAP, Part of public consultation record 13 Liangji Liangji town, Zaoyang Draft EIA report, EAP, Part of public consultation record government county 14 Juwan Juwan town of Zaoyang Draft EIA report, EAP, Part of public consultation record government county 15 Shuanggou Shuanggou town, Draft EIA report, EAP, Part of public consultation record government Xiangyang county 16 Huopai Gaoying town of Xiangyang Draft EIA report, EAP, Part of public consultation record government county 17 Xiangfan library Fancheng district, Xiangfan Draft EIA report, EAP, Part of public consultation record 18 Hubei Daily, Hubei province Public notice for Project contents and document www.people.c availability to the public o rn.cn, wwvv.cnhubei. corn Note: The EA reports for disclosure are versions of Oct. 2001. The public advertising was carried out on Hubei daily (the largest newspaper in the province and distributes in all counties and regions across the province), wwwv.people.com.cn (one of the largest web-sites in China) and www.cnhubei.com (the largest web-site in the province) (See photocopies of these advertisements in the following three pages). The public notice includes very briefly Project background, length of the expressway, beginning and finishing time and available EA documentation in the local public library. In addition, HPCD has published and distributed a hot line for the interested or otherwise concerned public to contact the Project EA team located at 600 Minsheng Road, Shanghai, EA Department, ZIP: 200134. The hotline is: (021)- 5885-6638-2433, Fax: (021) 5821-1402. Contact names of the EA team are also provided to the public for them to contact the EA team to further expressway their concerns or provide input to the EA. uitbei Provincial Commznications Department 162 Environmental Impac .Assessment oNA;iaogan-,Vianqgfan Eypressucay This final version of the EA documents have been released in the libraries of Xiaogan, Suizhou and Xiangfan City. The news of this release will soon (expected in early April 2002) be advertised in Hubei Daily and in the websites (w4ww.peole. com. cn and vl'vw. cnhubei. com). 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J 1 'J'tI Jf C -'-- ' .S.1'~it', ll,l '' j 1(L'' -T1J!IhiAjJ l$:)\ 7-,< y 66 -tId(A JL IJ4' L ",*;frk,1 Environmental Impact lAssessment of Aiaogmn-Xiangfan Expresswqa Chapter 10 Conclusion Based on the detailed assessment of baseline environment, analysis of the alternatives, impacts assessment, mitigation measures development, environmental management planning and consultation with the public, the following conclusions have been drawn: The Existing Environment * Water quality of those main rivers crossed by the proposed expressway meet the applicable standards, i.e., Classification of Surface Water Function of Hubei Province. * The existing ambient air quality along the proposed route is very good and all eight monitoring stations in villages, schools or a hospital showed Class 11 standards in the AmbientAir Quality Standard (GB3095-1996). * The vast rural areas, including the villages, schools, and hospital, show excellent acoustic quality except those areas immediately adjacent to a railway. The noise levels are the lower than the limiting values in Class 0 of GB3096-93. * There is no rare species of wild animal, significant fisheries resources, or forest land along the proposed expressway within assessment scope; * Cultural relics examination has been made on the line. Two relatively significant cultural relics sites have been discovered on the proposed expressway land. Construction Phase Si.gnificant Impact and Mitigation * According to the analysis of "no-project" scenario, the advantage of the "with project" scenario is obvious. After comprehensive analysis in various aspects of environmental, socio-economic and engineering, the General Scheme I and Sub-alternative B3, C and E are recommended in the EA, which has been agreed with HPCD. * The analysis result shows that the locations and spacing of interchange or interconnections are reasonable. * If the management are strengthened and proper construction methods are carried out in construction phase, the quality of surface water will not be obviously polluted. * Noise impacts on the environment during construction are mainly from construction machinery noise, dust and asphalt smog emission. The impacted areas are mostly sensitive receptors such as villages, schools and hospital, where the noise level could exceed the applicable standards. The mitigation measures include proper construction management and scheduling, forbid night time construction and provide temporary sound barriers if necessary. The residual noise impacts following the mitigation measures will reduce the impacts to acceptable levels. HIubei Provincial Communications Departmnent 167 Environmental Impact Assessment of ,iaogan-Xiangfan Expressivay In construction phase, the main air pollutants are air borne dust and asphalt smog emissions which could impact the air quality of sensitive receptors located near the access roads and construction sites. The mitigation includes water sprays twice a day, adopt appropriate mixing equipment, locate the mixing stations away and leeward from sensitive receptors, cover the powdering materials in trucks or in stockpiles with canvas, etc. * Soil erosion, borrow pits and vegetation damage are major ecological problems potentially occurring during construction. These problems will be mitigated by building retaining walls, interception ditches, settling ponds, filter cloths, landscaping and site rehabilitation. * The construction of the proposed Project will not start until cultural relics have been excavated and protected. If valuable or invaluable articles such as fabrics, coins, artifacts, structures, or other geographic or archeological relics are discovered in construction phase, the local related department should be notified immediately. The excavation should be stopped until authorized department identifies articles. To prevent infectious diseases, local diseases and HIV/AIDS from infection, active management, sanitary education, prevention and cure have to be conducted. Operation Phase Significant Impacts and Mitigation * Traffic noise during the operation phase will affect the acoustic environment to a certain extent, especially near schools, villages and a hospital where the noise levels will exceed the applicable standards. When suitable mitigation measures are taken, the impacts can be reduced to levels which are below the standards. * Domestic wastewater and car washing wastewater from four service stations will be treated before discharged to the environment. Car washing wastewater will be reused, following the treatment by oil-water separators of the oily effluent. All discharge will meet the Class I standard in Integrated Wastewater discharge Standard (GB8978-1996), or if it is discharged to irrigate systems, the Standard of Farm Water Irrigation Quality (GB5084-921). Domestic wastewater at service stations and parking zones will be treated by septic tanks before discharge through infiltration. The impacts of wastewater generation from the Project to the environment is expected to be insignificant. * Tourism can be affected both positively and negatively by expressway improvements. While improved access may benefit the local tourist industry in the short run, the increased activities at the tourist areas may cause damages to the parks and other natural environmental settings. Adverse impacts could arise from increased municipal solid waste, wastewater and vehicle emission to the area airshed. The impacts will be mitigated through careful park area planning and waste management facilities in the park areas which will be implemented by local governments in stages. Iftbei Provincial Communications Department 168 Environmental Impact Assessment ofXiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway The expressway will provide favorable conditions for developing of local natural resources. It will enhance greatly the capacity of transportation, increase motor vehicle's speeds, reduce the traffic accidents, raise the transportation efficiencies so as to cut unnecessary waste of time and resources and reduce the cost of transportation. All these advantages will promote the development of the local economy. Public Consultation Public consultation shows that the public along the alignment, as well as local governments and organizations support the proposed Project because they believe that the project could bring benefits to the local economy as well as themselves. In their opinions, land loss, community severance, asphalt smog emission and borrow pits are among major activities causing adverse environment impacts. Following effective mitigation measures described in the report and EAP, public concerns can be effectively addressed and mitigated to acceptable levels. Final Conclusive Remarks of Project EA Team The construction of Xiaogan-Xiangfan Expressway will have significant social and economic benefits and as such has received a strong support from the general public and the local governments. Its adverse environmental issues have been identified in this report, and have or will be prevented/avoided, mitigated other minimized through modification of the engineering design and taking appropriate mitigation measures. From the environmental point of view, with proper implementation all the mitigation measures, the report thinks that adverse impacts if cannot be avoided will be reduced to acceptable and the Project is environmentally sound. HIubei ProvincialCommunications Department 169 Appendix Tables Appendix Table I Prediction Results of Noise Level at Sensitive Spots on Alternative I dB(A) Predicted noise levels and Noise levels exceeded applicable standards No.Villages/Townships/S Piles No. Year 2006 Year 2013 Year 2020 chools/Hospitals daytime night daytime night daytime Night 60.2 52.6 64.8 54.8 66.1 56.1 Huangjiahouwan K49+900 _____O o 0 0 0O 1.1 55.7 48.9 61.2 51.1 62.5 52.4 2 Shengjiawan K52+400 O O 0 0 0 0 62.2 53.6 66.8 55.9 68.1 57.1 3 Tianjiawan K53+ 100 0 0 0 0.9 0 2.1 56.0 45.4 60.6 47.6 61.8 48.8 4 Xiayejiawan K53+350 58.7 50.3 63.3 52.6 64.6 53.9 5 Zhoujiawan K54+300 60.1 51.1 64.7 53.3 65.9 54.5 6 Shanbianwan K58+700 56.9 46.3 61.5 48.5 62.5 42.8 7 Yujiawan K60+300 ._ 0 0 0 0 0 0 58.6 49.8 63.2 52.1 64.4 53.3 8 Qunli K62+350 0 0 0 0 0 0 62.7 52.9 66.3 55.4 67.0 57.0 9 Chenxiangzhongwan K63+300 0 0 0 0.4 0 2.0 62.7 52.9 66.3 55.4 67.0 57.0 10 Chenxiangxiwan K63+300 ______0 0 0 0.4 0 2.0 60.9 51.8 64.3 55.3 65.8 55.8 11 Xiangjiaxiao-wan K65+500 ______0 0 0 0.3 0 0.8 60.9 51.6 64.2 55.2 65.6 55.7 12 Liuzhanggang K67+200 ______0 0 0 0.2 0 0.7 60.3 50.3 62.6 52.5 64.1 54.1 13 Qiaotouwan K67+600 14 Kuziwan K68+300 60.4 50.7 62.8 53.0 64.4 54.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 56.8 . 59.0 . 60.2 15 Gexin primary school K68+900 ______1.8 -4.0 -5.2- 62.7 52.9 66.3 55.4 67.0 57.0 16 Daij iawan K69+200 ___0 0 0 0.4 0 2.0 62.7 52.9 66.3 55.4 67.0 57.0 17 Chuljiawan K69+350 .___ 0 0 0 0.4 0 2.0 57.0 45.6 59.4 47.8 62.1 49.9 18 Xinjianwan K69+600 . __ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~0 0 0 0 ~ ~~~00 19 Yangqiao-primary K70+600 54.0 45.4 55.0 46.5 59.6 51.1 school 0 0.4 0 1.5 4.6 6.1 60.8 50.8 63.2 53.3 64.7 55.3 20 Yangsiqiao K70+7001 3 ______0 0 0 0 0 0.3~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Appendix Table 1 Prediction Results of Noise Level at Sensitive Spots on Alternative I dB(A) (Continued) Predicted noise levels and Noise levels exceeded applicable standards No. Villages/Townships/S Piles No. Year 2006 Year 2013 Year 2020 chools/Hospitals. daytime night daytime night daytime Night 21 Jianghuwan K71+250 60.4 50.4 62.8 52.7 64.4 55.1 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 62.9 53.0 66.5 55.6 67.1 57.1 22 Luocheng gang K72+000 00- . . ______0 0 0 0.6 0 2.1 23 Fangxianchetang K72+900 57.2 45.9 59.7 48.2 62.4 50.4 ____ 0 ~~ ~~~00 0 0 0 62.9 53.0 66.5 55.6 67.1 57.1 24 Liujiaxiaowan K74+600 0006021 0 0 0 0.6 0 2.1 63.8 54.9 67.9 57.3 68.5 58.5 25 Shilinyan K75-i600 0023 35 ______0 0 0 2.3 0 3.5 61.6 52.0 64.0 54.3 65.9 56.2 26 Guojiaxiaowan K75+900 000012 0 0o 0 0 0 1.2 61.6 52.0 64.0 54.3 65.9 56.2 27 Zengjiapo K76+150 00012 0 0 0 0 0 1.2 60.6 51.0 62.9 53.2 64.7 55.0 28 Zhangjiadawan K77+500 00000 61.1 51.1 63.4 53.3 65.2 55.9 29 Panjiaxiao wan K78+ 100 000009 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 60.4 50.4 62.8 52.7 64.4 55.1 30 Tianwangguan K79+850 0.1 61.6 52.0 64.0 54.3 65.9 56.2 31 Cunzhuang K80A-350 000012 ______0 0 0 0 0 1.2 32 Xialiujiadia-n K81+300 60.4 50.4 62.8 52.7 64.4 55.1 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 60.0 51.0 63.4 54.2 65.0 54.9 33 Yuanj iahe K82+000 00000 61.6 51.8 64.0 54.2 65.9 56.0 34 Daoshili wan K89+500 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 35 Zhangtaiwan K90+300 61.6 52.0 64.0 54.3 65.9 56.2 0 0 0 0 0 1.2 63.8 53.9 67.7 56.6 67.9 57.8 36 Tangkongwan K91 +000 0016028 0 0 0 1.6 0 2.8 37 Sili primary school K98+500 54.9 57.3 60.1 ______0 - 2.3 5.1 - 62.0 52.3 64.2 54.4 66.2 56.4 38 Lij iazhao K99+400 000004 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 62.9 53.0 66.5 55.6 67.1 57.1 39 Taiziwan K 100+600 0 0 0 0.6 0 2.1 40 Yuanj iadawan KI 13+000 61.9 52.8 65.2 53.9 66.3 54.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 41 Yandian town KlI 14+830 61.8 53.1 65.5 54.4 66.4 55.3 ______0 0 0 0 0 0.3 2 Appendix Table I Prediction Results of Noise Level at Sensitive Spots on Alternative I dB(A) (Continued) Predicted noise levels and Noise levels exceeded applicable standards No. Piles No. Year 2006 Year 2013 Year 2020 chools/Hospitals daytime night daytime night daytime Night 59.9 50.0 63.6 51.4 64.5 52.3 KI115+200 0 0 0 0 0 0 57.1 46.5 60.8 47.8 61.8 48.8 42 Yandian hospital K1 15+050 ______2.1 1.5 5.8 2.8 6.8 3.8 _ Changsong primary 57.4 _ 61.1 - 62.0 - 43 K119+250 school 2.4 6.1 7.0 56.3 48.6 59.6 49.5 60.3 50.4 44 Guoluwan K154+400 0 0 0 0 0 0 58.3 50.6 61.6 51.5 62.3 52.4 45 Tanjiawan K154+400 0 0 0 0 0 0 59.4 50.2 62.7 51.2 63.4 52.4 46 Pangjiashan K181+850 _ Jiuligang primary 58.8 - 62.0 - 62.8 _ 47 K185+400_ school 3.8 7.0 7.8 Duwan primary 58.4 62.0 62.9 48 K210+600 school 3.4 7.0 7.9 64.2 56.4 67.8 57.6 67.7 58.6 49 Dongwan K215+500 _ _ ~ ~ ~~~1.4 ~~0 ~~0 2.6 0 3.6 57.8 50.6 61.3 51.8 61.3 52.7 50 Liuj iagang K216+600 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zhoutaicun primary 58.4 - 62.0 - 62.9 51 K216+900 school 3.4 7.0 7.9 _ 59.2 49.8 62.7 51.0 62.6 51.9 52 Lianfengwan K217+200_ . __ ~ ~ ~0 ~ ~~~0 0 ~ ~0 ~ ~~~00 53 Donggang K237+700 66.2 59.4 69.8 60.7 70.7 61.7 0 4.4 0 5.7 0.7 6.7 59.1 48.9 62.7 50.3 63.7 51.2 54 Donghe K240+800______~~~~~ 0 0 ~~0 0 0 0 55 Chengjiasanfang K248+1 00 61.8 52.3 65.4 53.6 66.3 54.5 ______~~~~~ 0 0 ~~0 0 0 0 56 Beixiang K257+300 62.2 53.5 65.7 54.8 66.7 55.7 ..______0 0 0 0 0 0.7 60.9 51.4 64.5 52.6 65.4 53.6 57 Niejiagang K261+600_ 0 0 0 0 0 0 58 Shaojiapeng K263+300 59.5 49.5 63.0 50.7 64.0 51.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 59 Wangfugang K266+000 67.7 59.0 71.0 60.2 74.2 64.4 0 4.0 1.0 5.2 4.2 9.4 60 Qianwanzhougwan K269+220 67.8 58.2 70.4 59.7 73.8 64.0 6600 0 3.2 0.4 4.7 3.8 9.0 K273+500 68.0 59.2 71.0 60.6 74.7 64.9 61 Xiaowang ying -K274+05 . _ 0 4.2 1.0 5.6 4.7 9.9 Appendix Table I Prediction Results of Noise Level at Sensitive Spots on Alternative I dB(A) (Continued) Predicted noise levels and Noise levels exceeded applicable standards No. VillagesFIownships/S Piles No. Year 2006 Year 2013 Year 2020 chools/Hospitais daytime night daytime night daytime Night 62 Xiaowangying K274+ 150 55.0 46.5 56.6 48.0 60.6 52.6 primary school 0 - 1.6 5.6 60.7 51.6 63.5 52.2 64.4 53.2 63 Zhangwan K284+6000 Notes: For villages and townships, execute the GB3096-93 standard for Class 4 (daytime 70d8, nighttime 55dB); For schools and hospital, execute Class I (daytime 55dB, nighttime 45dB). Appendix Table 2 Prediction Results of Noise Level at Sensitive Spots on Alternative 11 dB(A) Villages Predicted noise levels and Noise levels exceeded applicable standards /Towns H * Distance house Year 2006 Year 2013 Year 2020 No hips/Sc Pile No ht, centra pherso/ hools/H m line, m n Daytime Ntimht Daytime Ntiht Daytime Ntimhet ospitalsI I L ewan K42+700 3 Weat 30 10/40 62.6 54.7 65.7 57.8 68.0 59.1 0 0 0 2.8 0 4.1 2 Wanfliw K43+050 28 East28 15/80 62.9 55.1 66.1 58,1 68.2 59.4 0 0.1 0 3.1 0 4.4 3 Xiazhan K44+000 32 East 30 5/200 62.6 54.7 65.7 57.8 68.0 59.1 &xiang 0 0 0 2.8 0 4.1 4 Wa n fjia K44+450 4 South 38 34/12 61.2 53.2 64.0 55.9 66.7 56.5 wan 5 _ ... _ 0 0 0 09 0 1is 5 Lijing K45+100 3.2 North 30 40/I5 62.6 54.7 65.7 57.8 68.0 59.1 iN0 0 0 0 2.8 0 4.1 6 Pengmia K46+300 1.5 North 50 10/45 62.1 54,1 64 9 56 7 66.8 57.6 0 0 0 0 1.7 0 2.6 7 Qianwa K48+500 3 South 30 I sno 62.6 54.7 65.7 57.8 68.0 59.1 0 0 0 2.8 0 4.1 8 Li uj iaw K5+0 ot 0 30/10 62 6 54 7 65.7 57.8 68.0 59.1 an 0 ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ 0 ~ ~~~~~02.8 0 4.1 9 Outang K52+050 65 North and 25/12 61.6 534 64.5 56.1 67.1 57.0 0 0 0 1.1 0 2.0 10 Hepuli K53+200 5 North 120 18175 55.6 43.4 58.4 46.0 60.0 47.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 Houheqi K54+1 ao 4 North and 10/45 62.0 53.8 64.8 56.3 67.0 58.3 ao south 0 0 0 1.3 0 3.3 12 Wangjia K56+300 3 4 South 30 10/40 62.2 543 65.2 56,8 67.4 58.5 0 0 0 1.8 0 3.5 13 Hejiawa K58+030 2.5 Nonh 30 1555 62.7 54 7 65.6 57.6 68.5 58.9 0 0 0 2.6 0 3.9 14 Qiandon K60+800 2.6 North 50 10/45 62.7 54.7 65.6 57.6 68.5 58.9 gjta 0 0 0 2.6 0 3.9 4 Appendix Table 2 Prediction Results of Noise Level at Sensitive Spots on Alternative 11 dB(A) (Continued) Villages Predicted noisc levels and Noise levels exceeded applicabic standards f[owns . Distance house Year 2006 Year 2013 Year 2020 No hips/Sc Pile No ht. centra pherso hools/Hi m line, m n Daytime Night Daytime Night Daytime Night hools/H Daytlin,i timt ime ie tmt ime im tight I ospitals I 15 XSazhan K62+500 3 South 30 18/70 62.6 54.7 65.7 57.8 68.0 59.1 g_iawan 0 0 0 2.8 0 4.1 16 Fuping K64+800 3 South 30 36/10 62.6 54.7 65.7 57.8 68.0 59.1 ______0 0 0 2.8 0 4.1 Fuping 62 6 54.7 65.7 57.8 68.0 59.1 17 primary K64+800 3 South 30 225 school . 7.6 9.7 10.7 12.8 13.0 14.1 18 Liuliwa K67+000 6.5 North and 10/50 61.6 53.4 64.5 56.1 67.1 57.0 n _ south 30 _ 0 0 0 1.1 0 2.0 19 Qiantou K70i 200 5 North 125 28/90 55.6 43.4 58.4 46.0 60.0 47.8 wan ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ 0 ~ ~~~~~00 0 0 20 Shaogan K73+100 3 North and 10/45 62.6 54.7 65.7 57.8 6S.0 59.1 g south 30 0 0 0 2.8 0 4.1 21 Dewan K75+350 3.4 South 30 10/40 62 4 54.4 65.2 57.1 67.4 58. _ 0 0 0 2.1 0 3.5 22 Baoweic K77+030 2.5 North 30 15/55 62.7 54.7 65.6 57.6 68.5 58.9 un 0 0 0 2.6 0 3.9 Baowei622 5. 649 57 66876 23 primary K77+800 3 North 50 10/45 62.2 54.1 64.9 56.7 66.8 57,6 school _ 7.2 9.1 9.9 11.7 11.8 12.6 24 Houl'wL K8 1+500 3.2 South 30 15/70 62.4 54.4 65.5 57.5 67.7 58.8 0 0 0 2.5 0 3.8 25 Fananaw K84+800 3 South 30 30/10 62.4 54.4 65.5 57.5 67.7 58.8 an _ 0 0 0 0 2.5 0 3.8 26 Shimiao K87+050 4 NNorthand 61.8 53.8 64.8 56.3 67.0 58.3 south 30 10/10 0 0 0 1.3 0 3.3 2627 GongSShumsovan K93+1050 5. Nsounthha30 10/456SO3855.5 43.2 6.858.4 5.46.0 60.070 5.47.8 an_ . _ 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 Quanjin K310 5 North and 145 62 0 53 8 64.8 56.3 67.0 58.3 28 w9anO s south 30 10/415 03. 29 Suwngl K100+300 33 South 30 1040 62.40 54.40 1 65.50 _57.52.5 67.70 58.83.8 32 Geuang K100+800 3 South 30 10/40 62.4 54.4 65.5 57.5 67.7 58.8 30 Gexnwj ______K103+600 3 South 30d 30/lO 62.40 54.40 65.50 57.52.5 67.70 58.83.8 32 Sapwian K1520 5 Nn 0 2/5 57.5 45.2 60.4 48.0 62.0 49.8 31 K103+600 ~~~~~ south 30 05 School 25_0 0.2 5.4 3.0 7.0 4.8 33 Shijie Kn108+100 35 North and 10/45 62.2 54.2 65.3 57.3 67.4 58.6 0 0 0 2.3 0 3.6 34 Shanqia K122+350 3.3 South 30 10/40 62 4 54 4 65.5 57 5 67.7 58.8 nwan _ 0 0 0 2.5 0 3.8 5 Appendix Table 2 Prediction Results of Noise Level at Sensitive Spots on Alternative lI dB(A) (Continued) Villages Predicted noise levels and Noise levels exceeded applicable standards /Towns . Distance house Year 2006 Year 2013 Year 2020 No hips/Sc Pile No He,g to hold / hips/ScPile No ht.m central perso NgtNight Night hools/H line. m n Daytime Night Daytime Daytime time time time ospitals . 35 Shawan K 135+500 -5 South 60 15/70 55.4 47.4 58.5 50.5 60.8 52.0 0 0 O 0 0 0 Hegang 55.5 47.3 58.4 50.7 61.2 521 36 primary K154+800 -7 South 40 15/80 5 4 school 0.5 2.3 3.4 5.7 6.2 7.1 37 Xiwan K 183+050 4 North and 10/50 61.8 53.8 64.8 56.3 67.0 58.3 _iwaK13+00 south30 ~ 0 0 0 1.3 0 3.3 38 Niewan K216+200 5 North 128 22/75 55.4 43 0 58.4 46 0 60.0 47.8 gwan 0 0 0 0 0 0 39 Tieshui K232+1 00 3 North and 10/45 57 3 49.3 60.3 52.3 62.7 53.8 south 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 Banziwa K242+300 3.1 South 30 23/115 62 5 54 6 65 6 57 7 67.9 59.1 0 0 0 2.7 0 4.1 41 J i uya K244+800 3 South 3 5 2 8/10 62.1 54.2 65.4 57.4 67.5 58.6 41_ iiuya 1(244+800 3 South 35 0 0 0 0 2.4 0 3.6 niejiiaga North and 61.5 52.6 65.8 55.2 66.3 56.1 42 ng i K261+600 1.5 sot 0 10/50 _ 0 0 0 0.2 0 1.1 43 Shaojiap f K263+300 S North 50 22/75 59.9 50.4 62.6 52.5 63.9 51.3 entg 0 0 0 0 0 0 44 Wangfu I K266+000 I North and 10/45 634 54.7 67.7 56.8 67.8 58.1 gang south 30 1 0 0 0 1.8 0 3.1 Qianwa 63.5 53.9 67.1 56.4 67.5 57.7 45 n K269+220- 2-5 South 30 10/40 an 600 0 0 0 1.4 0 2.7 46 Xiaowa 63.7 54.9 67.7 57.3 68.4 58.6 46 nying K273+500- 2 South 30 10/40 6 5 6 K274+050 0 0 0 2.3 0 3.6 Xiaowa 47 prinayinpnrginynianrgy I K(274+150K274+150 2.4 South 120 474 52.6 44.2 55.0 46.6 56.0 48.3 school 0 0 0.0 1.6 1.0 3.3 48 Zhaanngw I K284+600 2 South 30 10/40 62.5 53.7 66.5 56.0 67.2 57.3 ______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I 0 0 0 0 0 0 Notes: For villages, execute the GB3096-93 standard for Class 4 (daytime 70dB. nighttime 55dB). For schools and hospitals execute the GB3096- 93 standard for Class I (daytime 55dB, nighttime 45dB). 6 Appendix Table 3 Prediction Results of Noise Level at Sensitive Spots on Alternative III dB(A) Villages/To Predicted noise levels and Noise levels exceeded applicable standards No wnships/Sc Heig Distance houseb Year2006 Year 2013 Year 2020 Pile No ht, to central old / - hools/Hospi m line, m person Daytim Night time Daytime Night Daytim Night e time e time tals______ I Xiangyang K59+100 3 South 30 26/1 10 62.7 54.7 65.9 58.2 68.3 59 4 _ 0 0 3.2 0 4.4 2 Hejiawan K60+560 2.8 North 55 25/110 62.3 54.3 65.2 57.2 68.1 58.5 0 0 0 2.2 0 3.5 3 Baziwvan K62+500 3 South 30 18/70 62.7 54.7 65.9 58.2 68.3 59.4 ______0 0 0 3.2 0 4.4 4 Fuyu K65+000 3 South 30 48/180 62-7 54.7 65.9 58.2 68.3 59.4 0 0 0 3.2 0 4.4 Gezhi 62.7 54.7 65.9 58.2 68.3 59.4 5 primary K65+800 3 South 30 250-- school 7.7 9.7 10.9 13.2 13.3 14.4 6 Henghewan K67+350 34 South and 20/95 62.2 54.0 65.1 56.7 67.7 58.8 0 0 0 1.7 0 3.8 7 Xiaolia K71+200 5 North 123 35/160 55.8 43.6 58.6 46.2 60.2 48.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 Qigang K73+100 3.2 South and 15/56 62.6 54.7 65.7 57.8 68.0 59.1 ______n 3 0 0 0 2.8 0 4.1 9 Hongqiwan K75+350 3.4 South 30 10/40 62.4 544 65.2 57.1 67.4 58.5 ______0 0 0 2.1 0 3.5 Hrongqi 62.1 54.1 64.8 56.7 66.6 57.6 10 primary K76+000 3 North 55 180 school 7.1 9.1 9.8 11.7 11,6 12.6 i I Chedun KS2+500 3 South 30 12/55 62.7 54.7 65.9 58.2 68.3 59.4 _ 0 0 0 3.2 0 4.4 12 Fengxiang K85+750 3 South 30 30/100 627 54 7 65.9 S8.2 68.3 59.4 0 0 0 3.2 0 4.4 13 Li uIiwan K87+050 4 South and 10/50 62.7 54.7 65.9 58.2 68.3 59.4 norh 30 _0 0 0 3.2 0 4.4 14 Liujiawan K93+800 6 South and 15/45 62.0 53.8 64.8 56.3 67.0 58.3 0 0 0 1.3 0 3.3 I5 Keliwan K97+800 3.3 South 30 30/170 62.5 54.6 65.6 57.6 67.7 58.8 .. _. 0 0 0 2.6 0 3.8 16 Moziwan K101+550 3 South 30 30/100 62.7 54.7 65.9 58.2 68.3 59.4 0 0 0 3.2 0 4.4 17 Wangj iawan K 104+600 3 Sn°outhand 10/50 62.7 54.7 65.9 58.2 68.3 59.4 north 30 0 0 0 3.2 0 4.4 Wangiiawan 57.6 45.4 60.6 48,1 62.2 50.1 18 primary KI06±300 2 North 50 230 school I 2.6 0.4 5.6 3.1 7.2 5.1 19 Qiaotouwan K 108+450 3.5 South and 10)45 62.4 54.4 65.4 57.5 67.6 58.7 north 30 0 0 0 2.5 0 3.7 20 Houjiawan Kl 13+100 5 South 50 10/45 61.6 53.6 64.6 56.2 67.2 56.9 .______0 0 0 1.2 0 1.9 21 Guanglinwa K114+300 5.3 through 10/40 62.0 53.8 64.8 56.3 67.0 58.3 n 0 0 0 1.3 0 3.3 7 Appendix Table 3 Prediction Results of Noise Level at Sensitive Spots on Alternative II dB(A) (Continued) Villages/To Predicted noise levels and Noise levels exceeded applicable standards No wnships/Sc Heig Distance househ Year 2006 Year 2013 Year 2020 Pile No ht, to central old I hools/Hospi m line, m person Daytim Night Daytimi Night tals Night time Daytime time e time tals ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~e 22 Yanjiawan K1116+150 4.6 North 30 10/40 62.1 54-1 65.0 56.8 67.1 5S 5 o 0 0 1.8 0 3.5 23 Jiajiazui K127+700 5.3 Through 301100 62/0 53t8 648 56O3 67O0 S3 1 0 ~ ~0 ~ ~0 ~ ~~~~~~~~~1.3 0 3.3 24 Jiajiawan K 128+650 4 Through 30/90 622 54.3 651 57.0 67.3 58.5 o 0 -0 2.0 0 3.5 25 Xiajiawan K1t42+100 3.2 North 30 40/150 62 4 54/4 65O2 2 0 67.4 3 S 1~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 00 0 2.1 0 3.5 26 Moziwan K145+800 1L5 North 50 10/45 62.2 54.1 64.9 56.7 66.8 57.6 0O 0 0 1.7 0 2.6 27 Xiazhangjia K148+500 -2 South 30 15/70 62 3 54.0 65.3 56.9 66.9 58.0 0 0 0 1.9 0 3.0 28 Caojiawan K148+800 -3 South 30 30/100 61 3 53.2 6404 55.8 656 56.7 1 ~~ ~0 ~ ~~~00 0.8 0 1.7 29 Liujiawan K150+050 6.5 South and 1o1so 61.6 53.4 64.5 56.1 67.1 57.0 north 30 1 0 0 0 1.1 0 2.0 30 Oupogang K152+200 5 North 120 15/75 556 434 58.4 46. 60.0 47.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 - South and 62.0 53.8 64.8 56.3 67.0 58.3 0 Wangjiawan K154+100 5. S 10/45 0 north 30 0 0 0 1.3 0 3.3 32 Wangjiawan Kl 54+300 3.4 South 30 10/40 62.4 54.4 65.2 57+1 67.4 585 ___ 0 0 0 2.1 0 3.5 33 Hej iawan K 155+030 2.5 North 30 i5/55 62.7 54.7 65.6 57.6 68.5 58.9 0 0 0 2.6 0 3.9 34 Pangjiashan K181+850 5.0 Nonh 70 3/10 59.4 50.2 62.7 51.2 63.4 52.4 .___ 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jiuligang 58.8 - 62.0 . 62.8 35 primary K1l85+400 4.0 South 80 school 7.0 7.8 school ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~3.8 Duwan 58.4 - 62.0 - 62.9 - 36 primary K210+600 2.0 West 80 school ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~3.47.0 7.9 school_ 4.4- 64.2 56.4 67.8 57.6 67.7 58.6 37 Dongwan K215+5D0 5.9 0 1.4 0 2.6 0 3.6 38 Liujiagang K2 16+600 7.3 57.8 50.6 61.3 51.8 61.3 52.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 Zhoutaicun 58.4 62.0 - 62.9 - 39 primary K216+900 1.9 South 80 3.4 7.0 7.9 school 40 Lianfiengwa K217+200 7.0 North 60 4/20 59.2 498 62.7 51.0 62.6 51.9 n 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 Appendix Table 3 Prediction Results of Noise Level at Sensitive Spots on Alternative I1 dB(A) (Continued) viIlagesfIo Predicted noise levels and Noise levels exceeded applicable standards No wnships/Sc Hcig Distance househ Year 2006 Year 2013 Year 2020 N'ile No ht, to central old / hools/Hospi m line, m person Daytim Night time Daytime Night Daytim Night talse _ . _ time e time South 30. 66.2 59.4 69.8 60.7 70.7 61.7 41 Donggang K237+700 1.8-3 nonh 30 6/33 0 4.4 0 5.7 0.7 6.7 42 Donghe K240+800 3.7 North 80 6/30 59.1 48.9 62.7 50.3 63.7 51.2 __ 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chengjiasan 61.8 52.3 65.4 53.6 66.3 54.5 43 fang K248+100 2.0 North 60 6/34 0 0 0 0 0 0 44 Beixiang K257+300 3.0 North 50 62.2 53.5 65.7 54.8 66.7 55.7 4/20 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 45 Nie liagang K261+600 40 North 60 3/15 60.9 51.4 64.5 52.6 65.4 53.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 46 Shaoiiapeng K263+300 4.4 North 80 423 59.5 49.5 63.0 50.7 64.0 51.7 __ 0 ~ ~ ~0 ~ ~~0 ~0 ~ ~~~~~00 Wangfugang K266+000 I North 54 5/20 67.7 59.0 71.0 60.2 74.2 64.4 . ______0 4.0 1.0 5.2 4.2 94 Qianwan K269+220 2-5 Nonh/Sout 12/35 67.8 58.2 70.4 59.7 73.8 64.0 48 zhougwan -600 h 30 0 3.2 04 4.7 3.8 90 K273+500 68.0 59.2 71.0 60.6 74.7 64.9 49Xlaowang -K274+05 258- NorhfSout 19/68 49 yinlg 5.3 h 30 196 0 0 4.2 1.0 5.6 47 9.9 Xiaowangyi 55.0 46.5 56.6 48.0 60.6 52.6 5 ngprimary K274+150 6.2 South 120 school - 1.6 - 5.6 - 51 Zhangwan K284+600 4.0 Nnrh 50 7/29 607 51.6 63.5 52.2 64.4 53.2 I_ _ I_ 0 1 0 0 0 0 Notes. For villages, execute the GB3096-93 standard for Class 4 (daytime 70dB. nighttime 55dB). For schools and hospitals execute the GB3096- 93 standard for Class I (davnine 55dB. nighttime 45dB). 9 Appendix Table 4 Traffic Noise Mitigation Measures of Alternative I Difference Distance to Namnesof sensitive costs 10' Implementation No. Piles No. between central line Measures to be taken spots Yuan time _ ~~~~~~~~~~heights(in) (mn) ______I Huangjiahouwan K49+900 4.0 South 30 Noise monitoring program _ 2 Shengjiawan K52+400 8.0 South 30 3 Tianjiawan Tianjiawan[(53+K53+100 00 1-6 NorthNorh40 40 Sound ~~~~~~13insulationhouses. windows 5.2 2013 4 Xiayejiawan K53+350 7.0 North 100 5 Zhouj iawan K54+300 -7.0 South40 6 Shanbianwan K58+700 4 North 50 7 Yujiawan K60+300 -3 0 Northeast 8 Qunli K62+350 4.1 South 40 _. Sound insulation windows 9 Chenxiangzhongwan K63+300 3.8 East 30 for 10 houses. 4.0 2013 Sound insulation windows 10 Chenxiangxiwan K63+500 3.8 East 30 for IO houses. 4 0 2013 Sound insulation windows I I Xiangjiaxiaowan K65+550 5 West/east30 for 8 houses. 3.2 2013 Sound insulation windows 12 Liuzhanggang K67+200 3.6 North 35 for 5 houses. 2.0 2013 13 Qiaotouwan K67+550 6.7 South 30 14 Kuzitang K68+300 6 South 30 Northwest Construction Is Gexin primary school K68+900 4 Noise barrier 70 X 3m 21 80 phase Sound insulation windows 16 Daijiawan K69+200 5.3 West 30 for 6 houses 2.4 2013 Sound insulation windows 17 Chujiawan K69+350 4.6 East 30 for 7 houses. 2.8 2013 18 Xinjianwan K69+600 3.8 East 110 Yangqiao primary Construction 19 K70+600 5.2 South 120 Noise barrier 120 X 3m 36 school phase 20 Yangsiqiao K70+700 5.3 west 30 Noise monitoring program 21 Jianghuwan K71+250 5.3 East 70 Noise monitoring program East 30, west Sound insulation windows 22 Luochengang K72+000 3.2 30 for 10 51 houses. 4.0 2013 23 Fangxianchetang K72+900 3 5 North 100 Sound insulation windows 24 Liujiaxiaowan K74+600 3.5 North 30 for 5 houses. 2_0 2013 Sound insulation windows 25 Shilinyan K75+600 1.5 South 40 for 5 houses. 2.0 2013 26 Guojiaxiaowan K75+900 3.3 South 55 Noise monitoring program 27 Zengjiapo K76+150 3.4 North 50 Noise monitoring program 28 Zhangjiadawan K77+500 4 North 45 29 Panjiaxiaowan K78+100 2.5 North 45 Noise monitoring program 30 Tianwangguan K79+850 3 2 South 74 Noise monitoring program 31 Cunzhuang K80+350 4.4 North 50 Noise monitoring program 32 Xialiujiadian K81+300 4.3 South 70 Noise monitoring program 33 Yuanjiahe K82+000 8 North 30 . 34 Daoshiliwan K89+500 6 South 30 Noise monitoring program 35 Zhangtaiwan K90+300 2.7 South 50 Noise monitoring program Sound insulation windows 36 Tangkongwan K91+000 4 South 30 for 7 houses. 2.8 2013 heightening the enclosure Construction 37 Sili primary school K98+SOO I North 100 2 to 4m phase 4 sound insulation 38 Lijiazao K99+400 4 3 North 40 1.6 2005 windows to be installed. 10 Appendix Table 4 Traffic Noise Mitigation_Measures of Alternative I (Continued) Difference Distance to Nsames ot sensitivc costs 104 Implementation No. Piles No. between central line Measures to be taken spots Yuan time heights (m) (m) _ _ Sound insulation windows 39 Taiziwan K100+600 3.2 North 30 for 8 houses. 3.2 2013 40 Yuanjiadawan K113+000 3.8 West 50-170 K114+830 4 East 45 41 Yandian Town K115+200 4 East 70 To heighten the enclosure Construction 42 Yandian Hospital K 115+050 I East 100 to 4 m and planting 6.5 C hast lOOml Om phase To heighten the enclosure 43 Changsong primary K 119+250 -2 Northeast 90 to 4 m and planting 6.5 Construction school toom*l0m phase_____ South 30. 44 Guoluwan K154+400 8 north 30 45 Tanj awan K154+400 8 North 30 46 Pangilashan K181+850 5 North 70 To heighten the enclosure Construction 47 Jiuligang primary school K 185+400 4 South 80 to 4 m and planting 6.5 phase I OOm 1Om phase Has merged with 48 Dnwan primary school K210+600 2 West 80 Wangcheng Center 2001.5 Primary School 49 Dongwan K215+450 4.4-5.9 South 30, sound insulation windows2005 north 30 for Shouses. 50 Liujiagang K216+600 7.3 South 30, . ______north 30 Zhoutaicun primary Noise barrier 51 K216+900 1.9 South 80 IOOm(Length)*4m(Height 30 2005 school ),K69+220-340 52 Lianfengwan K217+200 7.0 North 60 53 Donggang K237+700 1.8-3 South 30, sound insulation windows 53 DogagK237+700 1.8-3 . o oss162005 north 30 for 4 houses 54 Donghe K240+800 3.7 North 80 55 Chengjiasanfang K248+ 100 2.0 North 60 56 Beixiang K257+300 3.0 North 50 Noise monitoring program 57 Nie.iagang K261+600 4.0 North 60 58 Shaojiapeng K263+300 4.4 North 80 59 Wangfugang K266+000 I North 54 Plantation IOOX 15m 7.5 2005 South 30, sound insulation windows 60 Qianwanzhong%van K269+220-600 2-5 for 12 houses. 4.8 2005 north 30 fr1 oss . K273+500- South 30, Earth mounds Construction 61 Xiaowangying 2.8-5.3 350m(length)X 55 K274+050 north 30 7m(height) phasc Xiaowangying primary To heighten the enclosure 62 K274+150 6.2 South 120 to 4 m and planting 3.5 2013 school _00m*5m 63 Zhang wan K284+600 -4.0 The total 222.1 11~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Appendix Table 5 TraMc Noise Mitigation_Measures of Alternative II Name of Sensitive Subgrade Distance to Cost No Pile No Height central line Mitigation measures lo, spot time (in) (nm) yuan sound insulation windows I Liwan K42+700 3 West 30 for 5 houses. 2.0 2013 sound insulation windows 2 Wangliwan K(43+050 2.8 East 28 for 6 houses. 2.4 2005 sound insulation windows 3 Xiazhanggang K(44+000 3.2 East 30 for 5 houses. 2.0 213 4 Wangjiawan K44+450 4 South 38 Noise monitoring program sound insulation windows 5 Lijing K(45+100 3.2 North 30 for 5 houses. 2.0 2013 Plantation 150m(iength) X 6 Pengmiao K46+300 1.5 North 50 11.0 2005 15m(depth) sound insulation windows 7 Qianwa K(48+500 3 South 30 for 3 houses. 1.2 2013 sound insulation windows 8 Liujiawan K(50+800 3 South 30 for 3 houses. 1.2 2013 9 Outanwan6 K2+OSOouth n norh 30 sound insulation windows 9 Outangwan K52+050 65 South an north 30 for 6 houses. 2.4 2013 10 Hepuli K53+200 5 North 120 South and north sound insulation windows _I Houheqiao K(54+100 30 for 6 houses. 2.4 2013 sound insulation windows 12 Wangjia K(56+300 3.4 South 30 for 4 houses. .6 2013 sound insulation windows 13 Hejiawan K58+030 2.5 North 30 for 5 houses. 2013 _ ~~~~~~~~~~Plantatnonl OOm(length)X 14 Qiandonglia K60+800 2.6 North 50 7.5 2005 15m(depth) Heighten the bounding wall to 5 15 Xiazhangjiawan K62+500 3 South 30 m 2.5 2013 m Heighten the bounding wall to 5 16 Fuping K64+800 3 South 30 m 1.6 2013 m Noise baurer 3mX 120m at 17 Fuping primary school K64+800 3 South 30 36 2005 south side of the expressway South and north sound insulation windows 30 for 5 houses. 2.0 2013 19 Qiantouwan K70+200 5 Norch 125 South and north Heighten the bounding wall lo 5 20 Shaogang K73+100 3 30m5.0 2013 30 m ______sound insulation windows 21 Dewan K75+350 3 4 South 30 for 7 houses. 2.8 2013 Heighten the bounding wall to 5 22 Baowei K77+030 2.5 North 30 m 2.9 2005 m Baowei primary Noise barrier 3m X 80m at south 23 K(77+S0O 3 North 50 24.0 2005 school side oFthe expressway sound insulation windows 24 Houliwan K(81+500 3.2 South 30 for 6 houses. 2.4 2013 sound insulation windows 25 Fanjiawan K(84+800 3 South 30 for 5 houses. 2.0 2013 South an dnorth sound insulation windows 26 Shimiao K87+05030 for 8 houses. 3.2 2013 27 Gong' an K90+200 5 North 128 12 Appendix Table 5 Traffic Noise Mitigation Measures of Alternative 11 (Continued) Subgrade Distance to Cost Name of Sensitive Implementation No Pile No Height central line Mitigation measures p i spot (m) yuan lime(m) South and nonh sound insulation windows 28 Qianjinwan K93+100 5.5 30 for 5 houses. 2 2013 sound insulation windows 29 Sujiawan K96+300 3.3 South 30 for 5 houses. 2 2013 Heighten the bounding wall to 5 30 Gengii K100+800 3 South 30 1.8 2013 m South and north Heighten the bounding wall to 5 31 Gexinwan K 103+600 3 1.2 2013 30 m Shawan primary Noise barrier 3m x 120m in 32 K105+200 5 Nonth 50 36.0 2005 school south side of the expressway South and north sound insulation windows 33 ShiJie K108+100 3.30 for 8 houses. 3.2 2013 sound insulation windows 34 Shanqianwan K122+350 3.3 South 30 for 3 houses. 1.2 2013 35 Shawan Kl 35+500 -5 South 60 Hegang primary KoNoise barrier in excavated 36 Kl S4+800 -7 South 40 30 2005 school section ,IOOmx3m South and north Sound insulation windows to be 37 Xiwan Kl 83+050 4 1.2 2005 30 installed beside the highway (3) 38 Niewangwan K216+200 5 Nonh 128 South and north sound insulation windows 39 Tieshut 1K232+100 -3 30 for 3 houses. 1.2 2013 sound insulation windows 40 Banzswan K242+300 3.1 South 30 for 7 houses. 2.8 2013 Heighten the bounding wall to 5 41 Jiuya K244+800 3 South 35 1.7 2013 m_ Heighten the bounding wall to 3 42 Niepiiawan K261+600 1.5 North 60 2.0 2013 m 43 Shaojiapeng K263-300 8 North 80 44 Wangfugang K266+000 I North 54 walls of concrete I OOm X 4m 5.2 2005 K269+220- South 30 sound insulation windows 45 Qianwanzhongwan 600 2-5 North 30 for 10 houses. 4.0 2013 K273+500 South 30, north Earth mounds Construction 46 Xiaowvangyinig 2.8-5.3 Suh30,ot 3 50m(l ength) X 55phs K274+050 30 7m(height) phase Xiaowangyi,ng To heighten the enclosure 47 K274+-150 6.2 South 120 to 4 m and planting 3.5 2013 primary school 100m*5m 48 Zhangwan K284+600 -4.0 Total cost 276.1 13 Appendix Table 6 Traffic Noise Mitigation Measures of Alternative III Subgrade Name of Distance to central Cost No Pile No Height Mitigation measures Time Sensitive spot line (in) 1OJyuan sound insulation windows for I Xiangyangerdui K59+100 3 South 30 4 houses. 1.6 2013 2 Heliawan K60+560 2.8 North 55 Planting iOOmX 15m 7.5 2013 sound insulation windows for 3 Baziwan K62+500 3 South 30 5 houses, 2.0 2013 sound insulation windows for 4 Fuyucun K65+000 3 South 30 5 houses. 4.0 2013 Gezhi primary Noise barrier in south of 5 K65+800 3 South 30 26.0 2005 school highway. 13Cm X 3m sound insulation windows for 6 Hehewan K67+350 3.4 South and north 30 12 houises. 4.8 2013 7 Xiaojia K71+200 5 North 123 sound insulation windows for B Qigang K73+100 3.2 South and north 30 15 houses. 6.0 2013 sound insulationwindows for 9 Hongqiwan K75+350 3.4 South 30 s houses. 3.2 2013 Hongqi primary Noise barrier in north of 10 iC76+000 3 North 55 42.0 2005 school highway,l40mX3mn Heighten the bounding wall to HI Chedun K(82+500 3 South 30 I O 2013 5m Heighten the bounding wall to 12 Fengxiang K85+750 3 South 30 1.4 2013 5 m sound insulation windows for 13 Liuliwan K87+050 4 South and north 30 11 houses. 4.4 2013 sound insulation windows for 14 Liujiawan K93+800 6 South and nonh 30 5 houses. 2.0 2013 Heighten the bounding wall to 15 Keli K97+800 3.3 South 30 5 m 2.5 2013 S m sound insulation windows for 16 Moziwan K101+550 3 South 30 7 houses. 2.8 2013 sound insulation windows for 17 Wang;iawan K104+600 3 South and north30 12 houses. 4.8 2013 Wang sawan 18 K 106+300 5 North 50 Noise barrier 130m x 3m 390 2005 primary school sound insulation windows for 19 Qiaotouwan K 108+450 3 5 South and north 30 3 houses. 1.2 2013 20 Houjiawan KH113+100 5 South 50 Planting iOOm*5m 2.5 2005 sound insulation windows for 21 Guanglinwan | K114+300 5.3 South 30 6 houses. 2.4 2013 sound insulation windows for 22 Yanjiawan K1l16+150 46 North 30 6 houses. 24 2013 sound insulation windows for 23 Jiajiazui K127+700 5.3 South 30 4 houses. 1.6 2013 sound insulation windows for 24 Jiajiawan K128+650 4 North 35 3 houses. 1.2 2013 sound insulation windows for 25 Xiajiawan K142+100 3.2 North 30 4 houses. 1.6 2013 _ ifi~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~eighten the bounding wall to 26 Moziwan K145+800 1.5 North 50 1.0 2013 4m Walls of concrete in excavated 27 Xiazhangjiawan K1148+500 -2 South 30 1.8 2013 section ,9OmX3m Walls of concrete in excavated 28 Caijiawan K148+800 -3 South 30 30 2013 section, 150m x 3m sound insulationwindows for 29 Liujiawan K150+050 6 5 South and north 30 3 houses 1 2 2013 30 Oupogang K1(52+200 5 North 120 sound insulation windows ror 31 Wangjiawan K1(54+100 5.5 South and north30 7 houses. 2.8 2013 14 Appendix Table 6 Traffic Noise Mitigation Measures of Alternative II1 (Continued) Subgrade Name oS Distance to central Cost No Pile No "eight Mitigation measures Time Sensitive spot ()line (in) 10' yuan sound insulation windows for 32 Wangjiawan K1 54+300 3.4 South 30 4 houses. 1.6 2013 Heighten the bounding wall to 33 Hejiawan Kl 55+030 2.5 North 30 4.5 m 2.0 2013 1 ~~~~~~~~~~4.5m 34 Pangjiashan K 181+850 5 North 70 35 Jiuligang K I 8540 4 South 80 To heighten the enclosure to 4 65 Constructio primasg school m and planting I 00m* I Om 6. n phase Dnwan primary Has merged with Wangcheng 2001.5 36 shl K2h10+600 West 80 Center Primary School 37 Dongwan K2 15450 4 4-5.9 South 30, north 30 sound insulation windows for 2.0 2005 DongwanK215+450 445.9 South 30, north 30 5 houses _____ 38 Liujiagang K216+600 7.3 South 30, north 30 Zhoutaicun Noise barrier 39 K216+900 1.9 South 80 I OOm(Length)'4m(Height), 30 2005 primary school K69+220-340 40 Lianfengwan K2 17+200 7.0 North 60 41 Donggang K237-700 1.8-3 South 30, north 30 sound insulation widows for 1.6 2005 42 Donghe K240+800 3.7 North 80 Chengitasanfan 43 g K248+100 2.0 North 60 44 Beixiang K257+300 3.0 North 50 Noise monitoring program 45 Niejiagang K261+600 4,0 North 60 46 Shaojiapeng K263+300 4.4 North 80 47 Wangfugang K266+000 I North 54 Plantation IOOX 15m 7.5 2005 Qianwanzhong K269+220-6 sound insulation windows for 48 wa on 2-5 South 30, nonh 30 12 houses. 4.8 2005 49-Xiaowangying K273+500- 8 3 u Earth mounds 350m(length) x 55 Constructio K274+050 2.8-5.3 30, norh 30 7m(height) n phase Xiaowangying 6 To heighten the enclosure to 4 3 5 2013 50 . K274+150 .2 South 120 m and planting lOOm*5m _ primary school 51 Zhang wan K284+600 -4.0 Total cost 292.2 15