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Purchase a Nicer, Printable PDF of This Issue. Or Nicest of All, Subscribe To Mel says, “This is swell! But it’s not ideal—it’s a free, grainy PDF.” Attain your ideals! Purchase a nicer, printable PDF of this issue. Or nicest of all, subscribe to the paper version of the Annals of Improbable Research (six issues per year, delivered to your doorstep!). To purchase pretty PDFs, or to subscribe to splendid paper, go to http://www.improbable.com/magazine/ ANNALS OF Special Issue Beards & Bagels & PaPer airPlanes Möbius bagel, Paper-plane research, 01> Beards as sound baffles… JANUARY|FEBRUARY 2010 (volume 16, number 1) $6.50 US|$9.50 CAN 027447088921 Annals of © 2010 Annals of Improbable Research Improbable Research ISSN 1079-5146 print / 1935-6862 online AIR, P.O. Box 380853, Cambridge, MA 02238, USA “Improbable Research” and “Ig” and the tumbled thinker logo are all reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. 617-491-4437 FAX: 617-661-0927 www.improbable.com [email protected] EDITORIAL: [email protected] Research that makes people LAUGH and then THINK Co-founders Contributing Editors WEB TEAM Marc Abrahams Otto Didact, Stephen Drew, Ernest Ersatz, Editor Alexander Kohn Emil Filterbag, Karen Hopkin, Alice Kaswell, Marc Abrahams Nick Kim, Katherine Lee, Bissel Mango, Editor Randall Monroe, Steve Nadis, Nan Swift, Webmaster Marc Abrahams Tenzing Terwilliger, Marina Tsipis, Bertha Julia Lunetta [email protected] Vanatian [email protected] Technical Eminence Grise Research Researchers Dave Feldman, InterfaceThis Bureaus and Desks Kristine Danowski, Tom Gill, Mary Kroner, Kees Moeliker, European Bureau Chief General Factotum Wendy Mattson, Katherine Meusey, Steve Farrar, Edinburgh Desk Chief Jesse Eppers Tom Roberts, Rajagopalan Srinivasan, Dariusz Jemielniak, Warsaw Desk Chief Tom Ulrich Webmaster emerita Magnus Wahlberg, Scandinavian Desk Chief Amy Gorin Martin Gardiner, Rio de Janeiro Desk Chief Admin Erwin J.O. Kompanje Lisa Birk Webmaster in absentia Willem O. de Jongste Mira Wilczek Design and Art Commutative Editor Geri Sullivan, PROmote Communications Stanley Eigen, Northeastern U. Lois Malone, Rich & Famous Graphics “When all other contingencies fail, Associative Editor Circulation Director whatever remains, however Mark Dionne Katherine Meusey improbable, must be the truth.” —Sherlock Holmes Dissociative Editor Circulation (Counter-clockwise) Rose Fox James Mahoney “Science is the belief in VP, Human Resources, and Art Director emerita the ignorance of experts.” Psychology Editor Peaco Todd —Richard Feynman Robin Abrahams Introducing Improbable TV We are pleased to introduce the Improbable Research TV series. What: Three-minute videos about research that makes people laugh, then think. WHERE: On the web, at www.improbable.com and elsewhere. 2 | Annals of Improbable Research | January–February 2010 | vol. 16, no. 1 www.improbable.com Contents The features marked with a star (*) are based entirely on material taken straight from standard research (and other Official and Therefore Always Correct) literature. Many of the other articles are genuine, too, but we don’t know which ones. Special Section: Beards & Bagels & Paper Airplanes 6 Time for a Shave? Does Facial Hair Interfere With Visual Speech Intelligibility? — Susanne Fuchs, Melanie Weirich, Christian Kroos, Natalie Fecher, Daniel Pape and Sabine Koppetsch 9 Beard Research Review* — Bertha Vanatian 10 Paper Airplane Producers: Morning Types vs. Evening Types — David L. Dickinson and Todd McElroy 1 3 Paper Airplane Research Review* — Bertha Vanatian 1 6 Mathematically Correct Breakfast: How to Slice a Bagel into Two Linked Halves — George W. Hart Improbable Research Reviews* 3 May We Recommend* — Stephen Drew 4 Improbable Research Review* — Dirk Manley 5 Improbable Medical Review* — Bertha Vanatian 1 8 Ig® and Beyond* — Nan Swift 20 Soft Is Hard* — Alice Shirrell Kaswell and Bissell Mango 22 Ptak: Eiffel Tower and 10-Ton Bullet* — John Ptak 25 Boys Will Be Boys* — Katherine Lee 26 Icky Cutesy Research Review* — Alice Shirrell Kaswell 27 Plucked From Obscurity: Upside-Down Reliability* — Stephen Drew Commodoroe J.C. Gillmore and copilot in a Curtiss Headless dual-control pusher plane, 1912. Photo: Library of Congress. News & Notes On the Back Cover 2 AIR Vents (letters from our readers) Images from a thoracic spine 19 Puzzling Solutions — Emil Filterbag examination by Christopher 1 9 Editorial Board Vittore and Kevin Tribble, 20 Teachers’ Guide radiologists in Rockford, Ilinois and clinical assistant professors at 2 1 CARTOON: “Copier Jams” — Nick Kim University of Illinois College of 2 1 HMO-NO News: Healthy Lint! Medicine. MRI technologist, Deb 24 XKCD: “Fields Arranged by Purity”— Randall Munroe Savala assisted with the technical data. This was performed on an 24 Back Issues open MRI machine, a General IBC Unclassified Ads Electric Signa 0.35 Tesla MRI scanner. (Details: 40 x 40 cm field of view, sagital plane, frequency 256, phase 128, image On the Front Cover slice thickness 5 mm with 2mm skip interval, no phase wrap.) Coming Events February 19, 2010 AAAS Annual Meeting, San Diego Every Day March 2010 Ig Nobel Tour of the UK Read something new and improbable April/May 2010 Ig Nobel Europe Tour every day on the Improbable Research September 30, 2010 Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony blog, on our web site: October 2, 2010 Ig Informal Lectures WWW.IMPROBABLE.COM See WWW.IMPROBABLE.COM for details of these and other events. www.improbable.com Annals of Improbable Research | January–February 2010 | vol. 16, no. 1 | 1 AIR Vents Exhalations from our readers NOTE: The opinions expressed Opposes Danish here represent the opinions of the authors and do not Woman necessarily represent the Please stop publishing and opinions of those who hold republishing that photograph other opinions. (AIR 15:6 and many preceding issues) of the Danish woman Planets In, showing off her preserved Planets Out whale penis to those men. They and I, and I’m sure you, are I was fascinated to read the more than familiar by this time article by Steve Trimberger with what a preserved whale (“Limited Lifetime of the Solar penis looks like. System,” AIR 15:5) regarding Gerard Heffernon Graves the attrition of planets from our Commissioner, retired Solar System. The science is London, UK unequivocal and in most Examining the Patient respects I can not fault his logic. However, his gloomy I am a first-year medical student. I scanned this prediction that we will soon photo, which appears in one of the ridiculously have nowhere to stand reflects expensive books they require us to use. Despite a very pre-Copernican attitude: the nearly-inscrutable information about it in the why would our solar system be book. this looks to me like something from a Woody any more special than another? Allen movie, including a patient who looks just like Planetary flux must surely be Woody Allen and who for all I know may well be in more than one direction. Woody Allen. Seeing it has given me pause about If we are losing planets to other accepting much of anything this textbook says about stars, for which he makes a anything. Same goes for my other textbooks. very convincing case, surely we W.H. Neiuhaus must in turn receive incoming Medical School of Bochbach planets from other systems. Bochbach, Germany This would explain the increase in numbers until 1851 and the recent downturn probably represents simple celestial Incompetent Breath Test: gridlock (explaining the Kuiper Waxy? Belt and Oort Cloud). My real My colleague Lee Forrester’s letter (AIR 15:6) concern is the exponential rise about the history of breath testing equipment is in number of extrasolar planets charming. But unlike Lee, I have my suspicions as well as the previously about the photo of the famous Montague observed increase in our own Laboratory experiments. Having examined the planetary count, not explained photo minutely, and having had more helpings by Trimberger. Mel In New Zealand, of the relevant kinds of experience than a body Ian Davis might wish for, I am convinced that the two University of Melbourne Another Chapter women in the photo are not women. They are Australia Browsing through our photo archives I happened wax replicas of women. This puts the story in a across this photo which I believe shows Mel, the very different context, does it not? little man who graces your pages so persistently. Professor Bethea D. Royce I have drawn the customary arrow to indicate his Department of Electrical and Gas location in the image. The era of the photo, and Engineering certain other evidence which discretion suggests Planwick University I do not mention in print, lead to my conclusion. Warlington, U.K. Brinn Lee, resident curator North Tripost Council Trust New Zealand 2 | Annals of Improbable Research | January–February 2010 | vol. 16, no. 1 www.improbable.com May We Recommend Items that merit a trip to the library compiled by Stephen Drew, Improbable Research staff Self-Control in the Chicken “Can Domestic Fowl, Gallus gallus domesticus, Show Self-Control?” S.M. Abeyesinghe, C.J. Nicol, S.J. Hartnell, and C.M. Wathes, Animal Behaviour, vol. 70, no. 1, July 2005, pp. 1–11. The authors, at the Silsoe Research Institute in Bedford, U.K. and at the University of Bristol, report: An important aspect of cognition is whether animals live exclusively in the present or can anticipate the future.... We investigated self-control for food in domestic fowl using a standard two-key operant task and an equivalent two-choice return maze task.... While hens were impulsive in the standard condition, they showed significant and pronounced self-control in the jackpot condition, eliminating the possibility of an absolute cognitive constraint. Impulsive behaviour can instead be explained by... perceived depreciation of reward value as a function of the uncertainty associated with delay. Siobhan M. Abeyesinghe, lead author of the chicken self-control study. Portrait by Nan Swift, Improbable Research staff. Detail from the study by Siobhan M.
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