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Moths and Butterflies (Lepidoptera) of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest Near

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Moths and Butterflies (Lepidoptera) of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest Near Moths and Butterflies (Lepidoptera) of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest near Lac La Biche, Alberta, Including New Provincial Records GREG R. POHL1,DAVID W. LANGOR1,JEAN-FRANÇOIS LANDRY2,andJOHN R. SPENCE3 1 Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 5320 - 122 St., Edmonton, Alberta T6H 3S5 Canada 2 Agriculture and Agrifood Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6 Canada 3 Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1 Canada Pohl, Greg R., David W. Langor, Jean-François Landry, and John R. Spence. 2004. Moths and Butterflies (Lepidoptera) of the boreal mixedwood forest near Lac La Biche, Alberta, including new provincial records. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118(4): 530-549. Lepidoptera were collected, primarily via UV light trap, for three seasons in the boreal mixedwood forest near Lac La Biche, Alberta. A total of 11 111 specimens were collected, representing 41 families and 438 species. A species list with flight times is presented. The total Lepidoptera community was estimated to be 546 ±23.34 species. Abundance and species richness peaked in late July. Thirty-five species constitute new records for Alberta, while one species, Acanthopteroctetes bimaculata, is a new record for Canada, and the first record of the family Acanthopteroctetidae in Canada. Key Words: Moths, butterflies, Lepidoptera, Lac La Biche, Alberta, flight times, Acanthopteroctetes bimaculata, new to Canada. Alberta is blessed with an abundance and variety terflies and moths were also sampled. This represents of forested lands. A large portion of the province is the first concerted effort to inventory Lepidoptera, covered by the boreal mixedwood (Figure 1) domi- especially moths, in aspen forests in western Canada. nated by Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides), Lepidoptera constitute a major component of boreal Balsam Poplar (P. balsamifera), and White Spruce forest biodiversity (Danks and Foottit 1989), and are (Picea glauca) and containing lesser amounts of White important herbivores and pollinators (Scoble 1992). Birch (Betula papyrifera), Balsam Fir (Abies bal- The abundance of new provincial records among micro- samea), and other species (Beckingham and Archibald moths (defined here as the primitive and monotrysian 1996). Over the last 15 years Trembling Aspen has groups, and the lower ditrysian superfamilies up to increased greatly in value as a commercial tree species and including the Pyraloidea and Thyridoidea sensu and there has been a large increase in forestry activity Kristensen 1999) indicates how poorly sampled these centered on this resource. A large portion of Alberta’s groups have been. The attached checklist and flight aspen mixedwood forest is now scheduled for har- times provide baseline information for comparison to vesting over the next 30-40 years (Pratt and Urquhart other studies and to aid in future research. 1994). It is a major concern that our knowledge of these forests is relatively poor and there is little empirical Materials and Methods basis for predicting the impacts of harvesting and other The study area (Figure 1) is located in Lakeland development on non-timber values such as biodiversity. Provincial Park near Touchwood Lake, east of Lac In an effort to obtain baseline data for assessing La Biche (54°51'N, 111°27'W) in the Central Mixed- impacts of forestry practices on biodiversity, and to wood subregion of the Boreal Forest Natural Region determine whether old aspen stands in mixedwood (Beckingham and Archibald 1996). Lepidoptera were forests contain unique species, a multi-agency team sampled in two stands: a 65-year-old (“mature”) stand of scientists studied the structure and composition of of 269 Ha, containing 83% cover of Trembling Aspen, biotic assemblages in aspen-dominated forests of 15% Balsam Poplar, 2% willow (Salix spp.), and 1% various ages in the vicinity of Lac La Biche, Alberta, White Birch, and a stand over 130 years old (“old”) between 1993 and 1995. This work is among the most of 148 Ha, containing 54% cover of Trembling Aspen, comprehensive biotic inventories in aspen forests in 32% White Birch, 11% Balsam Poplar, and 3% willow. the province. Lists of plants, birds, amphibians, and An inventory of vascular plants found around these mammals have been published by Stelfox (1995) and study sites is included in the lists published by Stelfox those of ground-dwelling beetles and dead wood- (1995). Both stands were of fire origin, and were largely inhabiting beetles by Spence et al. (1997) and Ham- undisturbed by humans. The mature stand is consid- mond (1997), respectively. As part of that study, but- ered to be of rotation age and the old stand is much 530 2004 POHL, LANGOR, LANDRY, and SPENCE: LEPIDOPTERA NEAR LAC LA BICHE 531 to 5 October in 1994, and 28 May to 28 August in 1995. Traps were hung at approximately 1.6 m from the ground, and activated from dusk until dawn. These samples were augmented by periodic hand collecting at portable UV lights, and a small amount of net col- lecting of day-flying species. Specimens were identi- fied using a wide array of taxonomic publications, and by comparing to specimens in the Canadian Forest Service’s Northern Forestry Centre Research Collec- tion (NFRC) in Edmonton, Alberta, and the Canadian National Collection (CNC) in Ottawa, Ontario. Vouch- er specimens have been deposited at the NFRC and CNC. To obtain an estimate of the total size of the Lepi- doptera community in the study area, a Chao-1 estimate of diversity (Chao and Lee 1992) was calculated as described by Colwell and Coddington (1994). Results A total of 11 111 specimens were collected, repre- senting 41 families and 438 species (Table 1). A list of all species collected appears in Table 2. Some species, particularly micro-moths, are identified here merely as morphospecies, reflecting the lack of knowledge of the group, and the difficulty in making species identi- fications. Examples of some of the micro-moth species collected appear in Figure 2; some of the macro-moths are illustrated in Figures 3 and 4. The Chao-1 calcula- tion estimated the total size of the Lepidoptera com- munity in the study area to be 546 ± 23.34. The 1994 data is examined in detail here, since it FIGURE 1. Extent of the boreal mixed wood ecoregion in was the most extensively sampled year and there were Alberta and location of the study area. no trap failures. In 1994, both abundance (Figure 5) and species richness (Figure 6) peaked dramatically in late July. A major flush of Noctuidae occurred in late July, with the highest species richness occurring older than the planned stand rotation age (60-70 years) throughout July and into early August. There were for Alberta aspen forests. A comparison between these modest peaks of noctuid species that overwinter as two stands, based on the light trap catches of Lepi- adults, in early May and mid-September. The Geo- doptera described here, has been done elsewhere (Pohl metridae and other macro-moths peaked slightly earlier et al. 2004). than the Noctuidae, exhibiting maximum abundance Two 30 watt UV traps were run in each stand, from in early July, and the greatest richness from mid-June dusk to dawn for one night approximately every two to late July. The abundance of micro-moths peaked in weeks, from 16 June to 16 September in 1993, 3 May late July, although most of this dramatic peak was a single species, Scoparia biplagialis, with 846 speci- TABLE 1. Abundance and diversity of three groups of Lepi- mens. The greatest micro-moth richness occurred doptera collected near Touchwood Lake, Alberta. Butterflies throughout July. More modest peaks in micro-moth include the superfamilies Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea; abundance and richness occurred in mid-June and macro-moths include the superfamilies Lasiocampoidea, mid-September. Bombycoidea, Drepanoidea, Geometroidea, and Noctuoidea; micro-moths comprise all other superfamilies. Discussion This study likely did not collect all the species pres- Group Number of Specimens Number of Species ent in the study area; the Chao-1 estimator suggests (Proportion) (Proportion) that approximately 110 species were missed. Many micro-moths 3897 (0.350) 201 (0.470) of these are undoubtedly species that are not easily macro-moths 7163 (0.643) 229 (0.523) sampled via light traps. For example, the amount of butterflies 51 (0.005) 8 (0.018) effort spent collecting butterflies and day-flying moths total 11 111 438 was minimal and many of these taxa were likely missed. 5 TABLE 2. List of Lepidoptera species collected near Touchwood Lake, Alberta. Higher classification follows that of Kristensen (1999). Species sequence within higher taxa follows the 32 T Hodges et al. (1983) checklist. Flight period is based on collections made over the three-year study. Family Genus species Author Notes Flight Period Acanthopteroctetidae Acanthopteroctetes bimaculata Davis 4 early June Hepialidae Korscheltellus gracilis (Grote) mid July Nepticulidae Stigmella species1 1 late July Adelidae Adela purpurea Walker mid May Prodoxidae Greya politella (Walsingham) 2 late May Tineidae Nemapogon acapnopennella (Clemens) 4 late June – mid July Nemapogon species near acapnopennella (Clemens) 2 mid July Nemapogon roburella (Dietz) 2 late June Homosetia fasciella (Chambers) 4 mid July Niditinea orleansella (Chambers) 4 mid July – early August Monopis spilotella Tengström mid July – early August H E Monopis laevigella (Denis & Schiffermüller) 2 late June – late July C Bucculatricidae Bucculatrix canadensisella
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