Compilation of Radionuclide Sorption Coefficients for Performance Assessment
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Review Article the Copper Radioisotopes: a Systematic Review with Special Interest to Cu
Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2014, Article ID 786463, 9 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/786463 Review Article The Copper Radioisotopes: A Systematic Review with Special Interest to 64Cu Artor Niccoli Asabella,1 Giuseppe Lucio Cascini,2 Corinna Altini,1 Domenico Paparella,1 Antonio Notaristefano,1 and Giuseppe Rubini1 1 NuclearMedicine,UniversityofBariAldoMoro,PiazzaG.Cesare11,70124Bari,Italy 2 Nuclear Medicine, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Viale Europa, Localita´ Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy Correspondence should be addressed to Artor Niccoli Asabella; [email protected] Received 23 December 2013; Accepted 18 April 2014; Published 7 May 2014 Academic Editor: Gianluca Valentini Copyright © 2014 Artor Niccoli Asabella et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copper (Cu) is an important trace element in humans; it plays a role as a cofactor for numerous enzymes and other proteins crucial 63 for respiration, iron transport, metabolism, cell growth, and hemostasis. Natural copper comprises two stable isotopes, Cu and 65 60 61 62 64 Cu, and 5 principal radioisotopes for molecular imaging applications ( Cu, Cu, Cu, and Cu) and in vivo targeted radiation 64 67 therapy ( Cu and Cu). The two potential ways to produce Cu radioisotopes concern the use of the cyclotron or the reactor. A noncopper target is used to produce noncarrier-added Cu thanks to a chemical separation from the target material using ion exchange chromatography achieving a high amount of radioactivity with the lowest possible amount of nonradioactive isotopes. -
Evolution of Water Diffusion in a Sorption-Enhanced Methanation Catalyst
catalysts Article Evolution of Water Diffusion in a Sorption-Enhanced Methanation Catalyst Renaud Delmelle 1,* ID , Jasmin Terreni 2, Arndt Remhof 3 ID , Andre Heel 1, Joris Proost 4 and Andreas Borgschulte 2 ID 1 Institute of Materials and Process Engineering (IMPE), Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Technikumstrasse 9, CH-8401 Winterthur, Switzerland; [email protected] 2 Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; [email protected] (J.T.); [email protected] (A.B.) 3 Materials for Energy Conversion, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; [email protected] 4 Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering (iMMC), Université catholique de Louvain, Place Sainte-Barbe 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +41-58-934-47-72; Fax: +41-58-935-71-83 Received: 28 May 2018; Accepted: 18 August 2018; Published: 21 August 2018 Abstract: Sorption-enhanced methanation has consequent advantages compared to conventional methanation approaches; namely, the production of pure methane and enhanced kinetics thanks to the application of Le Châtelier’s principle. In this paper, we address the question of the long-term stability of a sorption-enhanced methanation catalyst-support couple: Ni nanoparticles on zeolite 5A. Compared to most conventional methanation processes the operational conditions of sorption-enhanced methanation are relatively mild, which allow for stable catalyst activity on the long term. Indeed, we show here that neither coking nor thermal degradation come into play under such conditions. -
Monitored Natural Attenuation of Inorganic Contaminants in Ground
Monitored Natural Attenuation of Inorganic Contaminants in Ground Water Volume 3 Assessment for Radionuclides Including Tritium, Radon, Strontium, Technetium, Uranium, Iodine, Radium, Thorium, Cesium, and Plutonium-Americium EPA/600/R-10/093 September 2010 Monitored Natural Attenuation of Inorganic Contaminants in Ground Water Volume 3 Assessment for Radionuclides Including Tritium, Radon, Strontium, Technetium, Uranium, Iodine, Radium, Thorium, Cesium, and Plutonium-Americium Edited by Robert G. Ford Land Remediation and Pollution Control Division Cincinnati, Ohio 45268 and Richard T. Wilkin Ground Water and Ecosystems Restoration Division Ada, Oklahoma 74820 Project Officer Robert G. Ford Land Remediation and Pollution Control Division Cincinnati, Ohio 45268 National Risk Management Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, Ohio 45268 Notice The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development managed portions of the technical work described here under EPA Contract No. 68-C-02-092 to Dynamac Corporation, Ada, Oklahoma (David Burden, Project Officer) through funds provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Air and Radiation and Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. It has been subjected to the Agency’s peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. All research projects making conclusions or recommendations based on environmental data and funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency are required to participate in the Agency Quality Assurance Program. This project did not involve the collection or use of environmental data and, as such, did not require a Quality Assurance Plan. -
Characterizing Adsorbents for Gas Separations
Reprinted with permission from Chemical Engineering Progress (CEP), March 2018. Copyright © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE). Reactions and Separations Characterizing Adsorbents for Gas Separations Darren Broom Pressure-swing adsorption (PSA) and Hiden Isochema Ltd. temperature-swing adsorption (TSA) separate a specific gas species from a mixture of gases. This article explains how to evaluate the performance of an adsorbent for a given separation. eparations account for a significant proportion of required for gas separations and the laboratory techniques worldwide energy consumption (1). Energy-intensive used to obtain this information. The article also discusses Sdistillation dominates the chemical process industries methods for assessing multicomponent adsorption and iden- (CPI), but more-efficient alternatives, such as membrane tifies future challenges in the field. technology and adsorption by porous materials, are also in widespread use. Pressure-swing adsorption (PSA) and Working capacity and isotherm shape temperature-swing adsorption (TSA) are two common The performance of an adsorbent for a particular separa- gas separation processes. In a PSA process, adsorbents are tion depends on several factors. One of the most important regenerated by reducing pressure; in a TSA process, they are is its working capacity. For PSA, it is the difference between regenerated by applying heat (2–4). the uptake at the feed pressure and the uptake at the regen- Adsorbent performance as a function of temperature, eration pressure. For TSA, it is the difference between the pressure, and gas composition is a crucial aspect of PSA and uptakes at the feed temperature and the regeneration tem- TSA. To determine whether an adsorbent will be appropri- perature at the working pressure (Figure 1). -
Diverse Crystal Size Effects in Covalent Organic Frameworks
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19858-8 OPEN Diverse crystal size effects in covalent organic frameworks Tianqiong Ma 1,2, Lei Wei3, Lin Liang2, Shawn Yin4,LeXu1, Jing Niu2, Huadong Xue2, Xiaoge Wang1, ✉ ✉ ✉ Junliang Sun 1 , Yue-Biao Zhang 3 & Wei Wang 2 Crystal size effect is of vital importance in materials science by exerting significant influence on various properties of materials and furthermore their functions. Crystal size effect of 1234567890():,; covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has never been reported because their controllable synthesis is difficult, despite their promising properties have been exhibited in many aspects. Here, we report the diverse crystal size effects of two representative COFs based on the successful realization of crystal-size-controlled synthesis. For LZU-111 with rigid spiral channels, size effect reflects in pore surface area by influencing the pore integrity, while for flexible COF-300 with straight channels, crystal size controls structural flexibility by altering the number of repeating units, which eventually changes sorption selectivity. With the understanding and insight of the structure-property correlation not only at microscale but also at mesoscale for COFs, this research will push the COF field step forward to a significant advancement in practical applications. 1 College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Peking University, 100871 Beijing, P.R. China. 2 State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China. 3 School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, P.R. China. 4 Drug Product Development Bristol-Myers ✉ Squibb Co., One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA. -
Simulation of Dynamic Pressure- Swing Gas Sorption in Polymers
ABSTRACT Title: SIMULATION OF DYNAMIC PRESSURE- SWING GAS SORPTION IN POLYMERS Heather Jane St. Pierre, Master of Science, 2005 Directed By: Professor Timothy A. Barbari Department of Chemical Engineering A transport model was developed to simulate a dynamic pressure-swing sorption process that separates binary gas mixtures using a packed bed of non-porous spherical polymer particles. The model was solved numerically using eigenfunction expansion, and its accuracy verified by the analytical solution for mass uptake from a finite volume. Results show the process has a strong dependence on gas solubility. The magnitudes and differences in gas diffusivities have the greatest effect on determining an optimal particle radius, time to attain steady-state operation, and overall cycle time. Sorption and transport parameters for three different polyimides and one copolyimide were used to determine the degree of separation for CO2/CH4 and O2/N2 binary gas mixtures. The separation results for this process compare favorably to those for membrane separation using the same polymer, and significantly improved performance when a second stage is added to the pressure-swing process. SIMULATION OF DYNAMIC PRESSURE-SWING GAS SORPTION IN POLYMERS by Heather Jane St. Pierre Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science 2005 Advisory Committee: Professor Timothy A. Barbari, Chair Associate Professor Raymond A. Adomaitis Associate Professor Peter Kofinas © Copyright by Heather Jane St. Pierre 2005 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my advisor, Professor Barbari, for all of his help and guidance during the course of this research. -
Hydrogen Transmutation of Nickel in Glow Discharge
International Journal of Materials Science ISSN 0973-4589 Volume 12, Number 3 (2017), pp. 405-409 © Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Hydrogen Transmutation of Nickel in Glow Discharge Vladimir K. Nevolin National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET), Moscow, Russia. Abstract Background: The possibility of the existence of subatomic hydrogen states was theoretically predicted previously. Objectives: Prove that the transmutation of elements is possible in specially prepared conditions for hydrogen. Methodology: By comparing the mass spectra of deposits on silicon substrates and target electrodes, it is shown that a change in the composition is observed in a magnetron Argon. Results: An increase in the concentration of 62 60 the nickel isotope 28 Ni and a decrease in the isotope concentration 28 Ni are shown. Conclusion: These results confirm the results obtained earlier in the heat generator Rossi, who worked more than a year, found an increase in the 62 isotope 28 Ni due to a decrease in the proportion of other isotopes. Keywords: transmutation, isotopes of nickel, glow discharge, argon, hydrogen INTRODUCION It is considered that the cold transmutation of elements (cold nuclear reactions) has been experimentally demonstrated [1]. On the basis of this phenomenon, energy generators are created in which long-term release of thermal energy in excess of expended energy is observed [2]. From many experimental studies it can be seen that hydrogen, which plays a pivotal role in the reaction zone, may be delivered through a variety of chemical compounds; for example, using lithium aluminium hydride LiAlH4. An analysis of the products of nuclear reactions suggests the possibility of many simultaneous nuclear fusion and decomposition reactions [3]. -
Paul Scherrer Institut
C^ZOOCt^ CO l 9 19 icht r r — — l-Be £3tobe I J Paul Scherrer Institut Labor für Werkstoffe und nukleare Verfahren Programm Entsorgung Chemistry of the Rectox Sensitive Elements Literature Review D.Suter Paul Scherrer Institut Telefon 056/99 2111 Würenlingen und Villigen Telex82 7414psich CH-5232 Villigen PSI Telefax 056/982327 PSI CH PSI-Bericht Nr. 113 Chemistry of the Redox Sensitive Elements Literature Review Daniel Suter Wiirenlingen and Villigen, October 1991 Preface In the framework of its Waste Management Programme the Paul Scherrer Institute is performing work to increase the understanding of radionuclide transport in the geosphere. These investigations arc performed in close cooperation with, and with the financial support of, NAGRA. The present report is issued simultaneously as a PSI report and a NAGRA NTB. TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary 2 Zusammenfassung 3 Resume 4 1. Introduction 5 2. Redox Conditions 8 3. Selenium 11 3.1 Solution Chemistry 11 3.2 Sorption Studies 13 3.3 Geochemistry 15 3.4 Experiments 18 3.5 Analytical Methods 20 4. Technetium 26 4.1 Solution Chemistry 26 4.2 Sorption Studies 29 4.3 Geochemistry 31 4.4 Experiments 32 4.5 Analytical Methods 33 5. Palladium 35 5.1 Solution Chemistry 35 5.2 Sorption Studies 36 5.3. Geochemistry 37 5.4 Experiments 38 5.5 Analytical Methods 39 6. Tin 42 6.1 Solution Chemistry 42 6.2 Sorption Studies 42 6.3 Geochemistry 43 6.4 Experiments 44 6.5 Analytical Methods 44 7. Neptunium 46 7.1 Solution Chemistry 46 7.2 Sorption Studies 48 7.3 Geochemistry 49 7.4 Experiments 51 7.5 Analytical Methods 51 8. -
DISSERTATION By
CYCLOTRON BOMBARDMENTS WITH HE3 a n d r 3 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philisophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Thomas William Donaven, 3.S., M.A The Ohio State University 1952 Approved by Adviser ( fe/\J TABLE OF CONTENTS Cyclotron Bombardments with He^ or H3 Acknowledgements Page Introduction 1 Description of Apparatus 3 Method of Operation 13 Purification of He^ or 17 Results 20 Conclusions 30 References 32 Miscellaneous Photographs 36 Autobiography 1*0 i 918254 Acknowledgements It is with deep appreciation that I extend thanks to Professor M. L. Pool for his guidance in this work. Special thanks is also due to Dr. D. N. Kundu for his advice, help, and cooperation in this project. Acknowledgement is also made to Mr. Paul Weiler and Mr. Donald Moore of the cyclotron staff, and to the machine shop under Mr. Carl McWhirt, for their aid in completing this work. The support given me through fellowships by The Ohio State University Physics Department and by the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies is gratefully acknowledged. ii INTRODUCTION The naturally occurring elements whose atoms are heavier than Bismuth, i.e. Po, At, Rn, Fr, Th, Pa, U, etc. are all radioactive. The remainder of the elements may be made radioactive by hitting them with high speed nuclei of other elements. The elements whose nuclei are normally used to create radioactivity are hydrogen and helium. In order to give a nucleus a high speed with the minimum of equipment, it is necessary to strip all of the electrons from the atom, leaving its bare nucleus to be accelerated. -
I N Dc International Nuclear Data Committee Iaea
International Atomic Energy Agency INDC(CCP)-335 Distr.: L I N DC INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR DATA COMMITTEE TRANSLATION OF SELECTED PAPERS PUBLISHED IN YADERNYE KONSTANTY (NUCLEAR CONSTANTS 3, 1990) (Original Report in Russian was distributed as INDC(CCP)-328/G) Translated by A. Lorenz for the International Atomic Energy Agency July 1991 IAEA NUCLEAR DATA SECTION, WAG RAMERSTRASSE 5, A-1400 VIENNA INDC(CCP)-335 Distr.: L TRANSLATION OF SELECTED PAPERS PUBLISHED IN YADERNYE KONSTANTY (NUCLEAR CONSTANTS 3, 1990) (Original Report in Russian was distributed as INDC(CCP)-328/G) Translated by A. Lorenz for the International Atomic Energy Agency July 1991 Reproduced by the IAEA in Austria August 1991 91-03116 Contents The Total Neutron Cross-section and Resonance Parameters for the Even 58,60,62,64^ isotopes for Energies Ranging from 2eV to 8000eV (Pages 27-38 of Original) By L.L. Litvinskij, P.N. Vorona, V.G. Krivenko, V.A. Libtnan, A.V. Murzin, G.N. Novosselov, N.A. Trofimova, O.L. Tchervonnaya The 54Fe(n,a)51Cr Thermal Neutron Reaction Cross-section (Pages 39-43 of Original) By S.P. Makarov, G.A. Pik-Pitchak, Yu.F. Rodionov, V.V. Khmyzov, Yu.A. Yashin 19 Isotopic Dependence of Radiative Capture Cross-sections for 30 keV Neutrons (Pages 44-52 of Original) By Yu. N. Trof imov 25 Evaluation of Particle Emission Spectra for Isotopes of Chromium, Iron and Nickel for the BROND Data Library (Pages 53-66 of Original) By A.V. Zelenetskij , A.B. Pashchenko 33 Comparison of Measured and Calculated Cross-sections of a Large Number of Nuclides (Pages 67-79 of Original) By A.V. -
Nickel Isotope Variations in Terrestrial Silicate Rocks and Geological Reference Materials Measured by MC-ICP-MS
09 Vol. 37 — N° 3 13 P.297 – 317 Nickel Isotope Variations in Terrestrial Silicate Rocks and Geological Reference Materials Measured by MC-ICP-MS Bleuenn Gueguen (1, 2)*,OlivierRouxel (1, 2), Emmanuel Ponzevera (2),AndreyBekker (3) and Yves Fouquet (2) (1) Institut Universitaire Europeen de la Mer, UMR 6538, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, BP 80, F-29280, Plouzane, France (2) IFREMER, Centre de Brest, UniteG eosciences Marines, 29280, Plouzane, France (3) Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada * Corresponding author. e-mail: [email protected] Although initial studies have demonstrated the applica- Bien que les premieres etudes demontrent la pertinence bility of Ni isotopes for cosmochemistry and as a potential des isotopes du nickel en cosmochimie et en tant que biosignature, the Ni isotope composition of terrestrial signature biologique, la composition isotopique du nickel igneous and sedimentary rocks, and ore deposits remains des roches ignees et sedimentaires terrestres ainsi que poorly known. Our contribution is fourfold: (a) to detail an celle des dep ots^ de minerais est encore tres peu connue. analytical procedure for Ni isotope determination, (b) to Notre contribution s’organise en quatre axes, (a) detailler determine the Ni isotope composition of various geo- la procedure analytique pour la determination des logical reference materials, (c) to assess the isotope compositions isotopiques en nickel, (b) determiner la composition of the Bulk Silicate Earth relative to the Ni composition isotopique de materiaux geologiques de isotope reference material NIST SRM 986 and (d) to ref erence varies, (c) estimer la composition isotopique de report the range of mass-dependent Ni isotope fractio- la Terre Silicatee Globale (BSE) par rapport au standard nations in magmatic rocks and ore deposits. -
Endf-201 Enof/B-Vi Summary Documentation
BNL-NCS—1754Z DE92 010079 ENDF-201 ENOF/B-VI SUMMARY DOCUMENTATION Compiled and Edited by P.F. Rose Brookhaven National Laboratory October 1991 NATIONAL NUCLEAR DATA CENTER BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY ASSOCIATED UNIVERSITIES, INC. UPTON, LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK 11973 ft UNDER CONTRACT NO. DE-AC02-76CH00016 WITH THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY »'•'—••-.-*>„.,, DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency, contractor or subcontractor thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency, contractor or subcontractor thereof. Printed in the United States of America Available from National Technical Information Service U.S. Department of Commerce 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 NTIS price codes: