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Language Kinship Between Mandarin, Hokkien Chinese and Japanese (Lexicostatistics Review)
LANGUAGE KINSHIP BETWEEN MANDARIN, HOKKIEN CHINESE AND JAPANESE (LEXICOSTATISTICS REVIEW) KEKERABATAN ANTARA BAHASA MANDARIN, HOKKIEN DAN JEPANG (TINJAUAN LEXICOSTATISTICS) Abdul Gapur1, Dina Shabrina Putri Siregar 2, Mhd. Pujiono3 1,2,3Faculty of Cultural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara Jalan Universitas, No. 19, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia Telephone (061) 8215956, Facsimile (061) 8215956 E-mail: [email protected] Article accepted: July 22, 2018; revised: December 18, 2018; approved: December 24, 2018 Permalink/DOI: 10.29255/aksara.v30i2.230.301-318 Abstract Mandarin and Hokkien Chinese are well known having a tight kinship in a language family. Beside, Japanese also has historical relation with China in the field of language and cultural development. Japanese uses Chinese characters named kanji with certain phonemic vocabulary adjustment, which is adapted into Japanese. This phonemic adjustment of kanji is called Kango. This research discusses about the kinship of Mandarin, Hokkien Chinese in Indonesia and Japanese Kango with lexicostatistics review. The method used is quantitative with lexicostatistics technique. Quantitative method finds similar percentage of 100-200 Swadesh vocabularies. Quantitative method with lexicostatistics results in a tree diagram of the language genetics. From the lexicostatistics calculation to the lexicon level, it is found that Mandarin Chinese (MC) and Japanese Kango (JK) are two different languages, because they are in a language group (stock) (29%); (2) JK and Indonesian Hokkien Chinese (IHC) are also two different languages, because they are in a language group (stock) (24%); and (3) MC and IHC belong to the same language family (42%). Keywords: language kinship, Mandarin, Hokkien, Japanese Abstrak Bahasa Mandarin dan Hokkien diketahui memiliki hubungan kekerabatan dalam rumpun yang sama. -
Generic Subject Guide
DiMenna-Nyselius Library Chinese Language & Literature • Campus Resources • Directories and Organizations • Dictionaries and Encyclopedias • Almanacs, Handbooks, and • Library Catalog Statistics • Article Indexes and Databases • Primary Documents and Images • Electronic Texts and Journals • Internet Resources • Bibliographies and Reviews • Course Homepage and Course • Biographical and Geographical Reserves Resources • Tips on Using Your Information Campus Resources Fairfield University Language Resource Center (LARC) http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/jgoldfield/LARC030506.htm Dictionaries & Encyclopedias Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage http://www.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Lindict/ Chinese Characters Dictionary Web http://zhongwen.com/zi.htm Online Chinese Dictionaries http://www.chinalanguage.com/Language/Dictionaries/ ABC Chinese-English comprehensive dictionary: alphabetically based computerized Ref. PL1455.A33 2003 A Dictionary of Chinese mythology Ref. BL1801.W35 1961 Dictionary of 1000 Chinese idioms Ref. PL1273.D53 2000 Mathews’ Chinese-English dictionary Ref. PL1455.M42 1969 A New English-Chinese dictionary Ref. PL1455.N49 1984 Oxford Chinese dictionary: English-Chinese, Chinese-English Ref. PL1455.O94 2003 with an accompanying CD-ROM at the Media Desk, Main Level The Pinyin Chinese-English dictionary Ref. PL1455.P55 1979 The Cambridge encyclopedia of China Ref. DS705.C35 1991 Encyclopedia of China: the essential reference to China, its history and culture Ref. DS705.P47 1999 Modern China: an encyclopedia of history, culture, -
Last Name First Name/Middle Name Course Award Course 2 Award 2 Graduation
Last Name First Name/Middle Name Course Award Course 2 Award 2 Graduation A/L Krishnan Thiinash Bachelor of Information Technology March 2015 A/L Selvaraju Theeban Raju Bachelor of Commerce January 2015 A/P Balan Durgarani Bachelor of Commerce with Distinction March 2015 A/P Rajaram Koushalya Priya Bachelor of Commerce March 2015 Hiba Mohsin Mohammed Master of Health Leadership and Aal-Yaseen Hussein Management July 2015 Aamer Muhammad Master of Quality Management September 2015 Abbas Hanaa Safy Seyam Master of Business Administration with Distinction March 2015 Abbasi Muhammad Hamza Master of International Business March 2015 Abdallah AlMustafa Hussein Saad Elsayed Bachelor of Commerce March 2015 Abdallah Asma Samir Lutfi Master of Strategic Marketing September 2015 Abdallah Moh'd Jawdat Abdel Rahman Master of International Business July 2015 AbdelAaty Mosa Amany Abdelkader Saad Master of Media and Communications with Distinction March 2015 Abdel-Karim Mervat Graduate Diploma in TESOL July 2015 Abdelmalik Mark Maher Abdelmesseh Bachelor of Commerce March 2015 Master of Strategic Human Resource Abdelrahman Abdo Mohammed Talat Abdelziz Management September 2015 Graduate Certificate in Health and Abdel-Sayed Mario Physical Education July 2015 Sherif Ahmed Fathy AbdRabou Abdelmohsen Master of Strategic Marketing September 2015 Abdul Hakeem Siti Fatimah Binte Bachelor of Science January 2015 Abdul Haq Shaddad Yousef Ibrahim Master of Strategic Marketing March 2015 Abdul Rahman Al Jabier Bachelor of Engineering Honours Class II, Division 1 -
Singapore Mandarin Chinese : Its Variations and Studies
This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Singapore Mandarin Chinese : its variations and studies Lin, Jingxia; Khoo, Yong Kang 2018 Lin, J., & Khoo, Y. K. (2018). Singapore Mandarin Chinese : its variations and studies. Chinese Language and Discourse, 9(2), 109‑135. doi:10.1075/cld.18007.lin https://hdl.handle.net/10356/136920 https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.18007.lin © 2018 John Benjamins Publishing Company. All rights reserved. This paper was published in Chinese Language and Discourse and is made available with permission of John Benjamins Publishing Company. Downloaded on 26 Sep 2021 00:28:12 SGT To appear in Chinese Language and Discourse (2018) Singapore Mandarin Chinese: Its Variations and Studies* Jingxia Lin and Yong Kang Khoo Nanyang Technological University Abstract Given the historical and linguistic contexts of Singapore, it is both theoretically and practically significant to study Singapore Mandarin (SM), an important member of Global Chinese. This paper aims to present a relatively comprehensive linguistic picture of SM by overviewing current studies, particularly on the variations that distinguish SM from other Mandarin varieties, and to serve as a reference for future studies on SM. This paper notes that (a) current studies have often provided general descriptions of the variations, but less on individual variations that may lead to more theoretical discussions; (b) the studies on SM are primarily based on the comparison with Mainland China Mandarin; (c) language contact has been taken as the major contributor of the variation in SM, whereas other factors are often neglected; and (d) corpora with SM data are comparatively less developed and the evaluation of data has remained largely in descriptive statistics. -
Mandarin Chinese: an Annotated Bibliography of Self-Study Materials Duncan E
University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Faculty Publications Law School 2007 Mandarin Chinese: An Annotated Bibliography of Self-Study Materials Duncan E. Alford University of South Carolina - Columbia, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/law_facpub Part of the Legal Profession Commons, Legal Writing and Research Commons, and the Library and Information Science Commons Recommended Citation Duncan E. Alford, Mandarin Chinese: An Annotated Bibliography of Self-Study Materials, 35 Int'l J. Legal Info. 537 (2007) This Article is brought to you by the Law School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mandarin Chinese: An Annotated Bibliography of Self- Study Materials DUNCAN E. ALFORD The People's Republic of China is currently the seventh largest economy in the world and is projected to be the largest economy by 2050. Commensurate with its growing economic power, the PRC is using its political power more frequently on the world stage. As a result of these changes, interest in China and its legal system is growing among attorneys and academics. International law librarians similarly are seeing more researchers interested in China, its laws and economy. The principal language of China, Mandarin Chinese, is considered a difficult language to learn. The Foreign Service Institute has rated Mandarin as "exceptionally difficult for English speakers to learn." Busy professionals such as law librarians find it very difficult to learn additional languages despite their usefulness in their careers. -
1 Chinese Writing: Ancient Autochthonous Perspective Fran蔞ise Bott廨o CRLAO-CNRS-EHESS Paris in Order to Compare What Could
1 Chinese writing: ancient autochthonous perspective Françoise Bottéro CRLAO-CNRS-EHESS Paris In order to compare what could also be compared between ancient writing systems and enrich our problematics, I would like to provide another possible perspective. Instead of signs structure or origins of writing, I would like to discuss some more theoretic or analytic points such as, for example, the kinds of reflections made by the ancient people on their own writing system. Indeed, It could be worth comparing how and when ancient scribes/scholars started asking questions about their writing system : How they conceived the origins of their writing system, what kind of reflections and theories they elaborated on their script, how they classified and analysed the written signs, what kind of lexical lists they provided, when did they start using a special terminology, etc. This could help us understand constraints imposed by the so called logographic writing system as opposed to phonetic writing systems, and the ways ancient scribes/lexicographs used to handle them. 1. The origins of writing in ancient China The oldest mention to the origins of writing in China goes back to the 3rd century BC. The great philosopher Xu2nzi3 荀子 (335-238) and his disciple Ha2n Fe1i 韓非 (280-233) present Ca1ng Jie2 倉頡 as someone specialised in writing and eventually as the inventor of writing. The Heroic invention of writing progressively developed, and around the 1rst century AD, Ca1ng Jie2 had become the scribe of the Mythical “Yellow Emperor” Hua2ngdi4 who drew his inspiration to invent writing from the marks left by the birds and the beasts on the soil. -
Association for Asian Studies, Inc., Committee on East Asian Libraries
Journal of East Asian Libraries Volume 1991 Number 94 Article 16 10-1-1991 No. 094 Bulletin - Association for Asian Studies, Inc., Committee on East Asian Libraries Committee on East Asian Libraries Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/jeal BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Libraries, Committee on East Asian (1991) "No. 094 Bulletin - Association for Asian Studies, Inc., Committee on East Asian Libraries," Journal of East Asian Libraries: Vol. 1991 : No. 94 , Article 16. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/jeal/vol1991/iss94/16 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of East Asian Libraries by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. ISS^C 0148 - 6225 Committee on 'East Asian Libraries <B<ULL<BlI9t 9{p.94 October 1991 The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. COMMITTEE ON EAST ASIAN LIBRARIES (CEAL) Association for Asian Studies, Inc. Chairperson Maureen H. Donovan (Ohio State) 1991-1994 Executive Group TerukoKyumaChin (Washington) 1989- 1992 BoksoonHahn (Yale) 1991- 1994 Thomas H. Lee (Indiana) 1991 - 1994 Tai-loi Ma (Chicago) 1989 - 1992 Antony Marr (Princeton) 1990 - 1993 Raymond Tang (UC-Berkeley) 1989- 1992 Marsha L. Wagner (Columbia) 1990 - 1993 Subcommittees Subcommittee on Chinese Materials Chairperson: Chi Wang (Library of Congress) 1989- 1993 Subcommittee on Japanese Materials Chairperson: MihokoMiki -
Journal of Asian Studies Contemporary Chinese Cinema Special Edition
the iafor journal of asian studies Contemporary Chinese Cinema Special Edition Volume 2 – Issue 1 – Spring 2016 Editor: Seiko Yasumoto ISSN: 2187-6037 The IAFOR Journal of Asian Studies Volume 2 – Issue – I IAFOR Publications Executive Editor: Joseph Haldane The International Academic Forum The IAFOR Journal of Asian Studies Editor: Seiko Yasumoto, University of Sydney, Australia Associate Editor: Jason Bainbridge, Swinburne University, Australia Published by The International Academic Forum (IAFOR), Japan Executive Editor: Joseph Haldane Editorial Assistance: Rachel Dyer IAFOR Publications. Sakae 1-16-26-201, Naka-ward, Aichi, Japan 460-0008 Journal of Asian Studies Volume 2 – Issue 1 – Spring 2016 IAFOR Publications © Copyright 2016 ISSN: 2187-6037 Online: joas.iafor.org Cover image: Flickr Creative Commons/Guy Gorek The IAFOR Journal of Asian Studies Volume 2 – Issue I – Spring 2016 Edited by Seiko Yasumoto Table of Contents Notes on contributors 1 Welcome and Introduction 4 From Recording to Ritual: Weimar Villa and 24 City 10 Dr. Jinhee Choi Contested identities: exploring the cultural, historical and 25 political complexities of the ‘three Chinas’ Dr. Qiao Li & Prof. Ros Jennings Sounds, Swords and Forests: An Exploration into the Representations 41 of Music and Martial Arts in Contemporary Kung Fu Films Brent Keogh Sentimentalism in Under the Hawthorn Tree 53 Jing Meng Changes Manifest: Time, Memory, and a Changing Hong Kong 65 Emma Tipson The Taste of Ice Kacang: Xiaoqingxin Film as the Possible 74 Prospect of Taiwan Popular Cinema Panpan Yang Subtitling Chinese Humour: the English Version of A Woman, a 85 Gun and a Noodle Shop (2009) Yilei Yuan The IAFOR Journal of Asian Studies Volume 2 – Issue 1 – Spring 2016 Notes on Contributers Dr. -
Measuring Synonyms in Erya by Probabilistic Semantics
Measuring Synonyms in Erya by Probabilistic Semantics Kam Tang LAU 1, Yan SONG 2, Pang Fei KWOK3 1, College of Professional and Continuing Education, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong China Email: [email protected] 2, Microsoft Search Technology Center Asia, Beijing China Email: [email protected] 3, Department of Chinese and History, City University of Kong Kong, Hong Kong China [email protected] Abstract Erya is the earliest Chinese dictionary which was edited and circulated before Qin Dynasty (BC 221). It is used for annotating the Confucian Classics. Therefore, the words collected in Erya are from pre-Qin Confucian Classics. It is recognized as one of the most important work of Chinese Philology. Erya later was listed as one of the Shisan Jing (Thirteen Confucian Classics). This shows that Erya is as important as the other Confucian Classics compiled in the pre-Qin Dynasty. Erya is like a synonym thesaurus. It puts all synonyms in parallel and explained by the last word and Ye. (“Ye” is using as verb-to-be “is” in Classical Chinese and placed after the explained word.) There are two main explanation patterns presented in Erya, one is “A, B, C, D Ye.” Another one is “E, F Ye, F, G Ye.” There are many Chinese Philology scholars discussed why the editors didn’t just record “E, F, G Ye”. They explained these phenomena by providing many evidences and examples from the Confucian Classics. They believed although E and F are the synonyms of G, F has shorter distance to G than E. -
Concise English-Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary Free
FREECONCISE ENGLISH-CHINESE CHINESE-ENGLISH DICTIONARY EBOOK Manser H. Martin | 696 pages | 01 Jan 2011 | Commercial Press,The,China | 9787100059459 | English, Chinese | China Excerpt from A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers | Penguin Random House Canada Notable Chinese dictionariespast and present, include:. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikipedia list article. Dictionaries of Chinese. List of Concise English-Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary dictionaries. Categories : Chinese dictionaries Lists of reference books. Concise English- Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Add links. First Chinese dictionary collated in single-sort alphabetical order of pinyin, John DeFrancis. A Chinese-English Dictionary. Herbert Allen Giles ' bestselling dictionary, 2nd ed. A Dictionary of the Chinese Language. A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language. Small Seal Script orthographic primer, Li Si 's language reform. Chinese Concise English-Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary English Dictionary. Popular modern general-purpose encyclopedic dictionary, 6 editions. Concise Dictionary of Spoken Chinese. Tetsuji Morohashi 's Chinese- Japanese character dictionary, 50, entries. Oldest extant Chinese dictionary, semantic field collationone of the Thirteen Classics. Yang Xiongfirst dictionary of Chinese regional varieties. Le Grand Ricci or Grand dictionnaire Ricci de la langue chinoise,". First orthography dictionary of the regular script. Grammata Serica Recensa. Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects. Compendium of dictionaries for 42 local varieties of Chinese. Zhang Yi 's supplement to the Erya. Rime dictionary expansion of Qieyunsource for reconstruction of Middle Chinese. -
Introduce to the Non-Symmetry of Word Derivation Between 'Wenhua' and 'Culture'
International Journal of Linguistics and Communication June 2015, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 145-150 ISSN: 2372-479X (Print) 2372-4803 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development DOI: 10.15640/ijlc.v3n1a15 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15640/ijlc.v3n1a15 Introduce to the Non-symmetry of Word Derivation between ‘Wenhua’ and ‘Culture’ Fei Deng1 & Jianli Tang2 Abstract The western civilizations have brought many new thoughts to Chinese language in the 19th century, and further influenced and changed the words’ meanings of Chinese words. To studying the Chinese-English translated terms and knowing their different derivation can bridge the gap between different cultures. The scholar translated the English word ‘Culture’ into Chinese word ‘Wenhua’. ‘Wenhua’ is derived from two words which are ‘Wen’ and ‘Hua’ in ancient Chinese language. ‘Wen’ means ‘to feel and experience the nature by heart, and then painting and describing things, at last, one can achieve correlating knowledge through this process in ancient Chinese language’. ‘Hua’ means ‘to change’ which stresses persons can improve them based on ‘Wen’. The start-point of meanings emphasizes the harmonious relationship between human beings and outer nature, and stresses the inner harmony of human beings by themselves. Namely, ‘Wenhua’ focuses on the all sorts of social and ethical relationship which comes from the inner human beings society. The start- point of meanings derivation of English word ‘Culture’ emphasizes the interrelation between human being society and the outer nature, and focuses the contrary relationship which embody as the remolding one and the reformed one. -
Hangeul As a Tool of Resistance Aganst Forced Assimiliation: Making Sense of the Framework Act on Korean Language
Washington International Law Journal Volume 27 Number 3 6-1-2018 Hangeul as a Tool of Resistance Aganst Forced Assimiliation: Making Sense of the Framework Act on Korean Language Minjung (Michelle) Hur Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wilj Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons Recommended Citation Minjung (Michelle) Hur, Comment, Hangeul as a Tool of Resistance Aganst Forced Assimiliation: Making Sense of the Framework Act on Korean Language, 27 Wash. L. Rev. 715 (2018). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wilj/vol27/iss3/6 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at UW Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington International Law Journal by an authorized editor of UW Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Compilation © 2018 Washington International Law Journal Association HANGEUL AS A TOOL OF RESISTANCE AGAINST FORCED ASSIMILATION: MAKING SENSE OF THE FRAMEWORK ACT ON KOREAN LANGUAGE Minjung (Michelle) Hur† Abstract: Language policies that mandate a government use a single language may seem controversial and unconstitutional. English-only policies are often seen as xenophobic and discriminatory. However, that may not be the case for South Korea’s Framework Act on Korean Language, which mandates the use of the Korean alphabet, Hangeul, for official documents by government institutions. Despite the resemblance between the Framework Act on Korean Language and English-only policies, the Framework Act should be understood differently than English-only policies because the Hangeul-only movement has an inverse history to English-only movements.