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Piraterie Et Brigandage Maritimes Dans Le Monde Worldwide Maritime Piracy and Robbery

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Piraterie Et Brigandage Maritimes Dans Le Monde Worldwide Maritime Piracy and Robbery www.mica-center.org Piraterie et brigandage maritimes dans le monde Worldwide maritime piracy and robbery BILAN ANNUEL Annual report 2019 ÉDITO / EDITORIAL Hébergé au sein de la préfecture marime de l’Atlanque, le MICA Center a été créé en 2016 pour répondre aux enjeux stratégiques posés par les menaces affectant la sûreté des espaces marimes. Ce centre à compétence mondiale collecte et relaie les informaons ules vers l’ensemble des acteurs de l’industrie marime (transport, croisières, acvités industrielles, énergies renouvelables…). Il s’appuie sur l’experse et la neutralité de la Marine naonale et développe différents partenariats dans le monde pour accroître et Vice amiral d’escadre/ consolider les informaons dont il dispose. Admiral Jean-Louis LOZIER Trois ans après sa créaon, le MICA Center aeint sa maturité et publie son premier Préfet maritime de l’Atlantique bilan annuel sur la piraterie et le brigandage dans le monde. et commandant de la zone maritime Alantique Ce bilan recense et caractérise les faits relevés au cours de l’année 2019 qui affectent la Maritime Prefect of the sûreté marime. Reprenant les différents rapports déjà publiés par le MICA Center, à Atlantic and Head of the Atlantic Maritime Area cadence hebdomadaire ou mensuelle, il analyse les tendances observées ainsi que l’évoluon des modes d’acon et du recours à la violence, dans les zones touchées. Pour l’année 2019, le MICA Center constate ainsi une légère hausse du nombre d’aaques relevées dans le golfe de Guinée et l’augmentaon sensible du nombre de personnes enlevées. Il confirme une relave stabilité du nombre d’événements en Asie du Sud Est et le mainen à un niveau faible de la piraterie au large de la Corne de l’Afrique. Il observe enfin une recrudescence du brigandage dans l’arc des Caraïbes. Je vous souhaite une excellente lecture de ce premier bilan annuel du MICA Center sur la piraterie et le brigandage dans le monde. Based within the Atlanc Marime Prefecture, the MICA centre was founded in 2016 to address the strategic issues raised by threats to the security of marime areas. This worldwide centre collects and relays informaon to the benefit of the marime industry (marime trade, cruises, industrial acvies, renewable energies, etc.). It relies upon the experse and neutrality of the French Navy and has developed a number of worldwide partnerships to strengthen its own resources. Since its launch three years ago, it has become fully operaonal and has just published this first annual report on global piracy and robbery. This report idenfies and describes the incidents observed in 2019 that impacted marime security. Building upon the different reports already released every week and month by the MICA Centre, its goal is to provide an analysis of the trends observed and to describe the evoluon of the operang modes and the use of violence in affected areas. Regarding 2019, the MICA Centre underlines a slight increase in the number of aacks perpetrated in the Gulf of Guinea and the sharp increase of the number of people abducted. At the same me the number of aacks in Southeast Asia remains roughly stable. It confirms that piracy at a low level in the Horn of Africa. It observes the rise of the number of robberies within the Caribbean region. I hope you enjoy reading this first annual review of the MICA Centre on global piracy and robbery. 2 PRÉFACE / FOREWORD Créé en 2016, le Marime Informaon Cooperaon & Awareness Center (MICA Center) veille sur le trafic marime à l’échelle mondiale et recense les événements affectant la sûreté marime. Pôle d’experse reconnu, il s’adapte en permanence aux caractérisques parculières de chaque zone et aux évoluons de la menace qui pèse sur le trafic marime mondial en ajustant son organisaon en conséquence. Grâce à sa structure modulaire, il est en mesure de rechercher les synergies adaptées pour faciliter les échanges et diffuser rapidement et directement les informaons ules aux acteurs qui en ont besoin. Capitaine de corvette Lieutenant Commander Organe de centralisaon des alertes en cas d’aaque, il diffuse rapidement l’informaon Gilles CHEHAB ule vers les navires alentours pour leur permere de se protéger, ainsi que vers les centres compétents pour déclencher une intervenon chaque fois que possible. Centre Commandant du MICA Center d’analyse, il évalue la situaon sécuritaire dans les différentes zones grâce aux Head of the MICA Centre signalements volontaires des différents acteurs de la communauté marime mondiale. Le MICA Center publie des bilans réguliers au profit des partenaires qui s’abonnent à ses services gratuits. Ce rapport annuel en fait la synthèse. Concernant le golfe de Guinée, le MICA Center s’appuie sur sa cellule7 contribuant à l’accord de coopéraon franco-britannique du Marime Domain Awareness for Trade-Gulf of Guinea (MDAT-GoG). Concernant la corne nord-est de l’Afrique, il accueille le Marime Security Centre-Horn of Africa (MSCHoA), placé sous le commandement de l’opéraon européenne Atalanta basé à Rota en Espagne. La circulaon de l’informaon est facilitée par des réseaux de communicaon adaptés et sécurisés, les partages sont rapides et directs. Les liens de confiance qui ont été établis avec l’industrie marime et les autres centres d’experse (UKMTO, COVAM, IFC Singapour, CRFIM Madagascar, IFC IOC New Dehli)8 permeent des échanges de qualité tout au long de l’année. Ils contribuent à l’enrichissement des informaons dont dispose le MICA center et à l’élaboraon de ce document. Ce bilan 2019 de la piraterie et du brigandage analyse les deux types de crimes. Quels que soient les lieux où ces crimes sont commis, ceux-ci restent movés par la recherche d’un profit financier. Leur forme varie selon les régions ou les saisons : ► l’enlèvement de membres d’équipage à des fins de rançon ; ► le détournement de navires pour servir de bâment mère ; ► le vol de la cargaison et en parculier le soutage (« bunkering ») pour les cargaisons d’hydrocarbures ; ► les vols avec violence ou larcins dont les criminels peuvent rer profit (accasllage, biens personnels de l’équipage…). Tous les types d’armement marime, quels que soient leur secteur d’acvité ou leur naonalité, peuvent souscrire un protocole de coopéraon navale volontaire avec la Marine naonale. Ce partenariat permet aux signataires de bénéficier périodiquement ou ponctuellement d’informaons et d’analyses sécuritaires produites par le MICA center. L’accord MDAT-GoG entre la Marine naonale et la Royal Navy pour un mécanisme de report d’informaon s’appuie sur deux cellules : une à Brest (FR) et une à Portsmouth (UK). ² United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations, Centro de Operaciones y Vigilancia de Accion Maritima (Espagne), Information Fusion Centre Singapour, Centre Régional de Fusion de l’Information Maritime Madagascar, Information Fusion Centre for the Indian Ocean Region (Inde) 3 Founded in 2016, the Marime Informaon Cooperaon & Awareness Centre (MICA Centre) is dedicated to monitoring global marime traffic and idenfying incidents that affect marime security. As a recognised centre of experse, it constantly adapts to the specific features of each area. It also adapts to the evoluon of the threat to world marime traffic through the appropriate adaptaon of its organisaon. Thanks to its network, it is able to acvate appropriate synergies to facilitate interacons and quickly and directly forward relevant informaon to those concerned. In the event of an aack, it works as a central warning unit providing quick access to useful informaon to ships sailing in the vicinity, thus reinforcing their own protecon capacity. Relevant informaon is also relayed to the appropriate authories to engage an intervenon whenever it is possible. As an analysis centre, it assesses the security situaon in the various areas and publishes regular reports to the benefit of partners who subscribe to its free services. As regards the Gulf of Guinea, the centre relies on its cell7 contribung to the Franco-Brish cooperaon agreement of the Marime Domain Awareness for Trade-Gulf of Guinea (MDATGoG). Concerning the Northeast Horn of Africa, it hosts the Marime Security Centre-Horn of Africa (MSCHoA), under the command of the European operaon Atalanta based in Rota, Spain. Exchange of informaon is made easier thanks to adapted and safe communicaon networks, allowing quick and direct sharing. The trust-based relaonships that have been built both with the marime industry and other centres of experse (UKMTO, COVAM, IFC Singapore, CRFIM Madagascar, IFC IC New Delhi)8 result in a high standard of exchange throughout the year. Such relaonships widen the pool of informaon available to the MICA center and helped to create this document. This 2019 report on piracy and robbery analyses these two types of crimes, whether they are commied in internaonal waters in the case of piracy or in the territorial waters of coastal states in the case of robbery. Regardless of where these crimes are perpetrated, financial profit remains the main movaon, whereas operang modes vary depending upon the region or me of year: ► Kidnapping of crew members for ransom; ► Hijacking of vessels to use as mother ships; ► Cargo robbery and parcularly bunkering as regards oil cargos; ► Robbery or the of goods that will be sold (ship supplies and chandlery, crew's personal belongings...). All types of marime shipowners, regardless of their sector of acvity or naonality, can subscribe to a marime voluntary cooperaon with the French Navy. This partnership allows the signatories to benefit periodically or on demand from security informaon and assessments produced by the MICA centre. The MDAT-GoG agreement between the French Navy and the Royal Navy for a reporng informaon process is made up of two units: one in Brest (FR) and one in Portsmouth (UK).
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