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Reference Model for Design Thinking

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Reference Model for Design Thinking FAKULTÄT ELEKTROTECHNIK UND WIRTSCHAFTSINGENIEURWESEN Bachelor’s thesis Reference model for Design Thinking vorgelegt von Robert Kupetz aus Neufahrn i. NB Eingereicht: ....................... Betreuer: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Timinger ERKLÄRUNG ZUR BACHELORARBEIT Name, Vorname der/des Student(in)en: Kupetz, Robert Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften Landshut Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen Hiermit erkläre ich, dass ich die Arbeit selbständig verfasst, noch nicht anderweitig für Prüfungszwecke vorgelegt, keine anderen als die angegebenen Quellen oder Hilfsmittel benützt sowie wörtliche und sinngemäße Zitate als solche gekennzeichnet habe. .............................. ........................................................ (Datum) (Unterschrift der/des Student(in)en) II FREIGABEERKLÄRUNG DER/DES STUDENT(IN)EN Name, Vorname der/des Student(in)en: Kupetz, Robert Hiermit erkläre ich, dass die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit in den Bestand der Hochschulbibliothek aufgenommen werden kann und ❑ ohne Sperrfrist oder nach einer Sperrfrist von ❑ 1 Jahr ❑ 2 Jahren ❑ 3 Jahren ❑ 5 Jahren ❑ 10 Jahren oder länger über die Hochschulbibliothek zugänglich gemacht werden darf. ......................................... .......................................................................... (Datum) (Unterschrift der/des Student(in)en) III Table of content Erklärung zur Bachelorabeit ....................................................................................................... II Freigabeerklärung ..................................................................................................................... III Table of content ........................................................................................................................ IV List of figures ............................................................................................................................. VI 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Motivation and goal of this thesis .............................................................................. 1 1.2 Methodology .............................................................................................................. 3 2 Design Thinking .................................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Preface and disambiguation of the term “Design Thinking” ..................................... 5 2.2 The modern understanding of Design Thinking ......................................................... 6 2.2.1 Analyses and research on Design Thinking ............................................................ 7 2.3 Application scenarios ................................................................................................. 9 2.4 The concept of Design Thinking: ................................................................................ 9 2.4.1 Level A – Key themes and Principals .................................................................... 11 2.4.2 Level B – The process ........................................................................................... 14 2.4.3 Level C – The human ............................................................................................ 15 2.4.4 Level D – Environment and material .................................................................... 16 2.5 The regulatory framework for Design Thinking ....................................................... 19 2.6 Constraints and barriers to DT ................................................................................. 21 3 The Design Thinking process ............................................................................................ 23 3.1 Existing Design Thinking process models ................................................................. 23 3.1.1 IDEO and Brown’s 3I Model ................................................................................. 23 3.1.2 Hasso Plattner Institute and the Stanford Design school .................................... 27 3.1.3 The 4D - Double Diamond model ......................................................................... 32 3.2 Comparison of the different process models........................................................... 36 3.3 BPMN 2.0 – The selected modelling language ......................................................... 37 4 The Design Thinking reference model ............................................................................. 40 4.1 Understand ............................................................................................................... 42 4.1.1 Find and define briefing ....................................................................................... 43 4.2 Observe .................................................................................................................... 44 4.2.1 Observe users ....................................................................................................... 45 4.2.2 Interview users ..................................................................................................... 47 IV 4.3 Define Point of View ................................................................................................. 49 4.3.1 Downloading ........................................................................................................ 49 4.3.2 Clustering .............................................................................................................. 50 4.3.3 Synthesizing .......................................................................................................... 51 4.3.4 Save and Store ...................................................................................................... 55 4.4 Ideate ........................................................................................................................ 55 4.4.1 Brainstorming ....................................................................................................... 56 4.4.2 Assess each idea ................................................................................................... 57 4.5 Prototype and Test ................................................................................................... 58 4.5.1 Testing .................................................................................................................. 62 5 Evaluation ......................................................................................................................... 65 6 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 70 References ................................................................................................................................ 72 Attachements ........................................................................................................................... 75 V List of figures Figure 1: Design-Science Research guidelines ........................................................................... 3 Figure 2: The basis of Design Thinking ..................................................................................... 10 Figure 3: T-Shaped People vs. One-Track Experts .................................................................... 15 Figure 4: SAP Apphaus 1 ........................................................................................................... 17 Figure 5: SAP Apphaus 2 ........................................................................................................... 17 Figure 6: Exemplary stock of DT material ................................................................................ 18 Figure 7: Regulatory framework for Design Thinking .............................................................. 20 Figure 8: Brown’s 3I-Model ...................................................................................................... 24 Figure 9: IDEO’s 3I-Model ......................................................................................................... 24 Figure 10: Design Thinking process .......................................................................................... 28 Figure 11: The Double Diamond in DT context ........................................................................ 33 Figure 12: Utilized BPMN elements ......................................................................................... 38 Figure 13: Top-level Design Thinking process .......................................................................... 41 Figure 14: 1. Understand .......................................................................................................... 42 Figure 15: 1.1 Find and define briefing .................................................................................... 43 Figure 16: 1.1.1 Rating.............................................................................................................. 43 Figure 17: 2. Observe ............................................................................................................... 44 Figure 18: 2.1 Observe users .................................................................................................... 45 Figure 19: 2.2 Interview users .................................................................................................. 47 Figure 20: 3. Define
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