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The Roadmap for the Prevention of Youth Homelessness The Roadmap for the Prevention of Youth Homelessness Stephen Gaetz, Kaitlin Schwan, Melanie Redman, David French, & Erin Dej Edited by: Amanda Buchnea The Roadmap for the Prevention of Youth Homelessness How to Cite Gaetz, S., Schwan, K., Redman, M., French, D., & Dej, E. (2018). The Roadmap for the Prevention of Youth Homelessness. A. Buchnea (Ed.). Toronto, ON: Canadian Observatory on Homelessness Press. ISBN: 978-1-77355-026-8 Acknowledgements The Roadmap builds upon the insights and wisdom of young people with lived experience of homelessness who participated in What Would it Take? Youth Across Canada Speak Out on Youth Homelessness Prevention. The authors would like to thank these young people for lending their voices to this work. We hope their insights will guide policy and practice reform across the country. This report also draws from the conceptual framing and scholarship of A New Direction: A Framework for Homelessness Prevention and Coming of Age: Reimagining the Response to Youth Homelessness. This report also builds upon the evidence reviewed in Youth Homelessness Prevention: An International Review of Evidence. The recommendations in this report build upon those within several policy briefs and reports published by the Canadian Observatory on Homelessness and A Way Home Canada. We wish to thank the authors of these documents for their insights, and hope this report will amplify the impact of their work. The authors wish to thank the many scholars, advocates, and community members who provided feedback on earlier drafts of the Roadmap, including: Dr. Naomi Nichols, Jayne Malenfant, Jonathan Robart, Duncan Farthing-Nichol, Dr. Peter Mackie, Dr. David MacKenzie, Dr. Patrick Fowler, Luke Reid, Carol Howes, Dr. Amanda Noble, Julia Huys, and Mary Birdsell. We would specifically like to thank the National Learning Community on Youth Homelessness, whose thoughtful insights throughout the development of this Roadmap were critical to the final report. This research was made possible through financial support provided by The Home Depot Canada Foundation (THDCF). More than a funder, THDCF has emerged as a national leader on youth homelessness in Canada. THDCF invests in local communities and organizations across the country, and has become a powerful leader for change in efforts to re-imagine our response to youth homelessness and foster prevention-focused solutions. Finally, we would like to extend our deep thanks to the COH and AWH team members who assisted in the production and design of this document: Allyson Marsolais, Amanda Buchnea, Niveen Saleh, Dylan Ostetto, Adriel McPherson, Lindsay McRae, Pardis Pahlavanlu, and Malaika Taylor. The Roadmap for the Prevention of Youth Homelessness is also part of the Making the Shift Youth Homelessness Social Innovation Lab project. Phase One of this project is funded in part by the Government of Canada’s Youth Employment Strategy. The opinions and interpretations in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Government of Canada. CONTENTS FOREWORD 4 INTRODUCTION 7 MAKING THE CASE 10 THE PREVENTION OF YOUTH HOMELESSNESS 20 TYPOLOGY OF YOUTH HOMELESSNESS PREVENTION 25 Structural Prevention 28 Systems Prevention 45 Early Intervention 64 Eviction Prevention 101 Housing Stabilization 112 DUTY TO ASSIST 127 CONCLUSION 149 RECOMMENDATIONS 152 APPENDIX 162 REFERENCES 172 The Roadmap for the Prevention of Youth Homelessness FOREWORD The time has come to shift the way we address the problem of youth homelessness. This means a shift from simply managing the crisis, to focusing more on prevention, keeping families intact, and helping those who are homeless (or at imminent risk) find their way back into stable housing with necessary supports to enable them to maintain and sustain their housing, participate in school, and foster health and wellness. This shift in approach calls for a change in policy Prior to 2015, the national organizations in and practice that will require policymakers and Canada that focus on housing and homelessness practitioners to think about and do their work partnered on a number of important initiatives differently. One of the main barriers to making concerning youth homelessness, but by the shift to prevention is that up until now we and large, activities and resources were not have not had a shared language concerning strategically aligned for maximum impact on prevention. The Roadmap for the Prevention of the issue. At the same time, community-based Youth Homelessness is designed to give us a way organizations across the country were providing to think and talk about prevention. It answers the critical emergency services to young people following fundamental questions: experiencing homelessness, but there were very few, small pockets of activity centered on What is youth homelessness prevention. At the end of 2015, we launched prevention? What is NOT youth a new national coalition called A Way Home homelessness prevention? Canada designed to take a Collective Impact Why does youth homelessness approach to preventing and ending youth homelessness. Founding members include the prevention matter? Canadian Observatory on Homelessness, Raising the Roof, the National Learning Community on Youth Homelessness, the Canadian Housing & Renewal Association, the Canadian Alliance to End Homelessness, and Egale Human Rights Trust, as well as strategic funding partners, such as the Catherine Donnelly Foundation and The Home Depot Canada Foundation. 4 The Roadmap for the Prevention of Youth Homelessness In 2016, as part of our work as a coalition, the Canadian Observatory on Homelessness and A Way Home Canada released the findings fromWithout a Home, the largest national study on youth homelessness ever conducted The average age that in Canada. The results are staggering and point to the study participants need to prevent young people from ever experiencing homelessness. The average age that study participants first left home was first left home was 15.7, and 40.1% were younger than 16 15.7, and 40.1% were when they first experienced homelessness. In addition, younger than 16 when 75.9% of respondents had experienced multiple episodes they first experienced of homelessness already in their young lives. In terms of education, 53.2% of young people experiencing homelessness. homelessness drop out of school compared with the Canadian average of less than 9%. Importantly, the research also revealed that a high percentage of homeless youth report being tested for a learning disability (50%) or ADHD (41%). Such learning disabilities are amongst the most significant factors contributing to school disengagement for those who have dropped out. A hopeful statistic is that of those young people that dropped out, 73.9% would like to return to school at some time. Given these shocking statistics, much of our work as a coalition is focused on supporting communities and all levels of government to work across the systems that drive young people into homelessness to develop comprehensive ‘community’ or ‘systems’ plans that focus on prevention and Housing First for Youth. That means either preventing young people from becoming homeless in the first place, or if they do, because bad things will always happen, getting them stably housed with all the supports they need to thrive and prevent them from ever becoming homeless again. 5 The Roadmap for the Prevention of Youth Homelessness It’s important to stress the Collective Impact approach to working across the systems that drive young people into homelessness, as for far too long we’ve asked the service provider community to bear the full weight of this crisis. Service providers alone cannot prevent and Truth, love, respect, humility, wisdom, and end youth homelessness. A critical part of all of courage are all required to work together to this work is elevating the voices of youth with ensure we really can stop the flow of young lived experience to ensure their experiences, people into homelessness. We must recognize needs, and desires are reflected in policy and the interdependence that exists between those practice. We also want to highlight the critical who experience, care about, and respond to role for Indigenous leadership and voice in doing youth homelessness, and let that empower us to this difficult Collective Impact work. Collective act together as a community. Impact necessitates that we integrate important Indigenous Teachings into everything we do as well. This work also necessitates taking a human rights approach. Homelessness impacts the ability of youth to enjoy their sanctioned human rights, and as such, all Canadians have a responsibility to respond to this crisis. As communities and orders of government begin to make the shift to prevention, we must be open to making mistakes and then learning from those mistakes so we can evolve the work and ensure the best possible outcomes for young people and their families. This means we must let the outcomes we seek drive the service models, and continue to learn, adapt, grow, and repeat. Most of all, we must be bold in order to ensure that every young person in Canada gets what you and I would want for our own children – safety, stability, and all the supports they need to thrive. Melanie Redman, A Way Home Canada Dr. Stephen Gaetz, Canadian Observatory on Homelessness 6 The Roadmap for the Prevention of Youth Homelessness It is time to consider a different INTRODUCTION approach to addressing 1 youth homelessness. Historically, communities
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