Spiritual Warfare, Politics, and Prayer

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Spiritual Warfare, Politics, and Prayer Spiritual Warfare, Politics, and Prayer Daniel 10:1-11:1 Daniel: When Kingdoms Collide Pastor Mike Andrus October 25, 2020 Today we come to a chapter that is unique in the book of Daniel; in fact, it is unique in the Bible. It tells us that Daniel receives a final prophetic vision, but the details of the vision are not revealed until chapter 11. The focus of this chapter is upon the spiritual warfare involved behind the scenes while Daniel prays for understanding of the vision. I have chosen as my title today, “Spiritual Warfare, Politics, and Prayer.” With the election less than ten days away and politics much on our minds, I believe this is a uniquely relevant topic. Nothing is clearer in Scripture than the fact that there are supernatural beings who rarely appear visibly but who are real, and who interface with our world and impact our lives. Angels are mentioned at least 275 times in at least thirty-four books of the Bible. Demons are mentioned in all but four New Testament books and many times in the Old Testament. We are all familiar with these words from Ephesians 6:12: “For we do not wrestle against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the cosmic powers over this present darkness, against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly places.”1 But do we really believe that? Ours is an age of science and technology. People are constantly saying “listen to the scientists,” whether regarding global warming, COVID-19, vaccines, social science, evolution, or what have you. But rarely does anyone talk about the presuppositions the scientist holds. Carl Sagan famously pronounced, “The Cosmos is all that is or was or ever will be,” by which he meant the material universe. I suspect he knows better today, but the fact is there are a lot of Christians who live their lives as though Sagan was right. They don’t expect or even consider the possibility of angelic or demonic interference in their daily lives. Here in Daniel 10 we are awakened to the fact that there is an unseen realm of angels and demons, who impact not only individual lives but also international affairs and domestic politics. Furthermore, the warfare going on between angels and demons can actually delay the prayers of God’s people! Friends, if this chapter doesn’t stimulate your imagination, you must be brain dead! The text of Daniel 10 is difficult to follow, so let me give you an overview of what is happening before we read it. Daniel receives a fourth and final vision about a great war in the future. He understands enough that it drives him to his knees seeking further understanding. For three weeks he mourns, fasts and prays, but then he is visited by an unnamed angel of incredible description. Only Daniel actually sees the angel, but the men with him know something strange is going on and they hide in fear. Daniel’s strength is sapped and he even loses consciousness, but then the angel revives him and explains that although he was sent immediately by God when Daniel began praying, his arrival was blocked for three weeks by a demon of high rank assigned to the nation of Persia. In fact it wasn’t until Michael the archangel arrived to help him that the logjam was broken. 1Scripture quotations are from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version® unless otherwise noted. 2 Daniel is so shocked by all this that it virtually knocks him out again, but once again the angel revives him, affirms him as greatly loved by God, and urges him to be strong and of good courage. He then informs Daniel that he, the angel, has to go fight some more demons in Persia and then in Greece but thankfully he knows he will be supported again by Michael. In fact, he says Michael is actually paying him back for support he provided Michael two years earlier! Let’s read Daniel chapter 10:1 through 11:1. Daniel 10:1-11:1 1In the third year of Cyrus king of Persia a word was revealed to Daniel, who was named Belteshazzar. And the word was true, and it was a great conflict (i.e. it was about a great conflict). And he understood the word and had understanding of the vision. 2In those days I, Daniel, was mourning for three weeks. 3I ate no delicacies, no meat or wine entered my mouth, nor did I anoint myself at all, for the full three weeks. 4On the twenty-fourth day of the first month, as I was standing on the bank of the great river (that is, the Tigris) 5I lifted up my eyes and looked, and behold, a man clothed in linen, with a belt of fine gold from Uphaz around his waist. 6His body was like beryl, his face like the appearance of lightning, his eyes like flaming torches, his arms and legs like the gleam of burnished bronze, and the sound of his words like the sound of a multitude. 7And I, Daniel, alone saw the vision, for the men who were with me did not see the vision, but a great trembling fell upon them, and they fled to hide themselves. 8So I was left alone and saw this great vision, and no strength was left in me. My radiant appearance was fearfully changed, and I retained no strength. 9Then I heard the sound of his words, and as I heard the sound of his words, I fell on my face in deep sleep with my face to the ground. 10And behold, a hand touched me and set me trembling on my hands and knees. 11And he said to me, “O Daniel, man greatly loved, understand the words that I speak to you, and stand upright, for now I have been sent to you.” And when he had spoken this word to me, I stood up trembling. 12Then he said to me, “Fear not, Daniel, for from the first day that you set your heart to understand and humbled yourself before your God, your words have been heard, and I have come because of your words. 13The prince of the kingdom of Persia withstood me twenty-one days, but Michael, one of the chief princes, came to help me, for I was left there with the kings of Persia, 14and came to make you understand what is to happen to your people in the latter days. For the vision is for days yet to come.” 15When he had spoken to me according to these words, I turned my face toward the ground and was mute. 16And behold, one in the likeness of the children of man touched my lips. Then I opened my mouth and spoke. I said to him who stood before me, “O my lord, by reason of the vision pains have come upon me, and I retain no strength. 17How can my lord’s servant talk with my lord? For now no strength remains in me, and no breath is left in me.” 18Again one having the appearance of a man touched me and strengthened me. 19And he said, “O man greatly loved, fear not, peace be with you; be strong and of good courage.” And as he spoke to me, I was strengthened and said, “Let my lord speak, for you have strengthened me.” 20Then he said, “Do you know why I have come to you? But now I will return to fight against the prince of Persia; and when I go out, behold, the prince of Greece will come. 21But I will tell you what is inscribed in the book of truth: (I believe there should be a period there and the rest should be in parenthesis, as in the NIV) there is none who contends by my side against these except Michael, your prince. 11:1And as for me, in the first year of Darius the Mede, I stood up to confirm and strengthen him. This is the Word of the Lord. 3 Let’s begin, then, with the fact that … DANIEL RECEIVES A FINAL FRIGHTFUL VISION, BUT THE DETAILS AREN’T REVEALED TO US UNTIL CHAPTER 11. The date given in verse 1 is the third year of Cyrus king of Persia.2 Several years have passed since the events of chapter 9, where Daniel confessed his sin and the sin of his people, after which he received the vision of the seventy weeks. Now in chapter 10 he receives a fourth and final vision. It concerns a great conflict which will be the subject of next week’s sermon on chapter 11. The prophet’s reaction to this vision is noteworthy. He mourns and fasts for three full weeks, at the end of which he is confronted by an angel, who is described in such breathtaking terms that one gets the distinct impression that he must be an angel of very high rank. Some even believe this is an epiphany of the pre-incarnate Christ, but I am inclined to believe it is an angel, perhaps Gabriel, who appeared in a similar role in chapter 9. The angel gives Daniel a glimpse of the existence of the unseen spiritual warfare between supernatural beings of a very high order that is occurring on a macro scale. DANIEL IS TOLD THAT UNSEEN SPIRITUAL WARFARE IS OCCURRING ON A MACRO SCALE. The angel tells Daniel that he was sent by God immediately to answer Daniel’s prayer for greater understanding, but his arrival was blocked by the prince of the Persian kingdom.
Recommended publications
  • Kings & Events of the Babylonian, Persian and Greek Dynasties
    KINGS AND EVENTS OF THE BABYLONIAN, PERSIAN, AND GREEK DYNASTIES 612 B.C. Nineveh falls to neo-Babylonian army (Nebuchadnezzar) 608 Pharaoh Necho II marched to Carchemesh to halt expansion of neo-Babylonian power Josiah, King of Judah, tries to stop him Death of Josiah and assumption of throne by his son, Jehoahaz Jehoiakim, another son of Josiah, replaced Jehoahaz on the authority of Pharaoh Necho II within 3 months Palestine and Syria under Egyptian rule Josiah’s reforms dissipate 605 Nabopolassar sends troops to fight remaining Assyrian army and the Egyptians at Carchemesh Nebuchadnezzar chased them all the way to the plains of Palestine Nebuchadnezzar got word of the death of his father (Nabopolassar) so he returned to Babylon to receive the crown On the way back he takes Daniel and other members of the royal family into exile 605 - 538 Babylon in control of Palestine, 597; 10,000 exiled to Babylon 586 Jerusalem and the temple destroyed and large deportation 582 Because Jewish guerilla fighters killed Gedaliah another last large deportation occurred SUCCESSORS OF NEBUCHADNEZZAR 562 - 560 Evil-Merodach released Jehoiakim (true Messianic line) from custody 560 - 556 Neriglissar 556 Labaski-Marduk reigned 556 - 539 Nabonidus: Spent most of the time building a temple to the mood god, Sin. This earned enmity of the priests of Marduk. Spent the rest of his time trying to put down revolts and stabilize the kingdom. He moved to Tema and left the affairs of state to his son, Belshazzar Belshazzar: Spent most of his time trying to restore order. Babylonia’s great threat was Media.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. the Biblical Data Regarding Darius the Mede
    Andrews University Seminary Studies, Autumn 1982, Vol. 20, No. 3, 229-217. Copyright 0 1982 by Andrews University Press. DARIUS THE MEDE: AN UPDATE WILLIAM H. SHEA Andrews University The two main historical problems which confront us in the sixth chapter of Daniel have to do with the two main historical figures in it, Darius the Mede, who was made king of Babylon, and Daniel, whom he appointed as principal governor there. The problem with Darius is that no ruler of Babylon is known from our historical sources by this name prior to the time of Darius I of Persia (522-486 B.c.). The problem with Daniel is that no governor of Babylon is known by that name, or by his Babylonian name, early in the Persian period. Daniel's position mentioned here, which has received little attention, will be discussed in a sub- sequent study. In the present article I shall treat the question of the identification of Darius the Mede, a matter which has received considerable attention, with a number of proposals having been advanced as to his identity. I shall endeavor to bring some clarity to the picture through a review of the cuneiform evidence and a comparison of that evidence with the biblical data. As a back- ground, it will be useful also to have a brief overview of the various theories that have already been advanced. 1. The Biblical Data Regarding Darius the Mede Before we consider the theories regarding the identification of Darius the Mede, however, note should be taken of the information about him that is available from the book of Daniel.
    [Show full text]
  • The Book of Daniel Its Historical Trustworthiness and Prophetic Character
    G. Ch. Aalders, “The Book of Daniel: Its Historical Trustworthiness and Prophetic Character,” The Evangelical Quarterly 2.3 (July 1930): 242-254. The Book of Daniel Its Historical Trustworthiness and Prophetic Character G. Ch. Aalders [p.242] In the January issue of this periodical I endeavoured to throw light upon the turn of the tide which has been accomplished in Pentateuchal criticism during the last decennia. I now want to draw the attention of our readers to another problem of the Old Testament which has been of no less importance in negative Bible criticism. The vast majority of Old Testament students have been wont to deny to the Book of Daniel any historical value and to dispute its real prophetic character. In the case of this book it again was regarded as one of the most certain and unshakable results of scientific research, that it could not have originated at an earlier date than the Maccabean period, and, therefore, neither be regarded as a trustworthy witness to the events it mentions, nor be accepted as a proper prediction of the future it announces. Now as to this date, criticism certainly is receding; and this retreat is characterised by the fact that, in giving up the unity of the book, for some parts a considerably higher age is accepted. Meinhold took the lead: he separated the narrative part (chs. ii-vi) from the prophetic part (chs. vii-xii), and leaving the latter to the Maccabean period claimed for the former a date about 300 B.C.1 Various scholars followed, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Comfort and Hope for the Future 15-21 MAY 2018
    Comfort and Hope for the Future 15-21 MAY 2018 EZE 29-30; 2 KI 25; JER 52, ISA 13-14, 21, 33-35, 40-51; DA 5 Week 33 - 17 Weeks to Go Ezekiel and Isaiah both prophesize that God would not only judge his own people, but will also judge foreign nations for their sinful behavior. God is sovereign and has absolute autonomy over world history. Despite appearances, God is in control over global events, kingdoms and governments. The good news for Jerusalem centers on a God who restores and redeems his people. When we hope in the Lord – trusting his promises and timing—we have strength and energy in our most difficult times. God is more than we can imagine and no one and nothing is equal to God. He makes us strong and supports us. He is always with us. Weekly Reading Plan (pg. 870-898) Outline Day 1: EZE29:17-21; 30:1-19 Nebuchadnezzar’s Siege of Tyre [Day 1] Day 2: 2 KI 25:27-30; JER 52:31-34 Prophetic Account: Hope for the Future [Day 2] Day 3: ISA 13:1-14:23; 21:1-17; Isaiah and the Fall of Babylon [Day 3] ISA 33:1-35:10 Daniel and Belshazzar [Day 4] Day 4: DA 5:1-31 Isaiah and Cyrus the Persian [Day 5] Day 5: ISA 40:1-45:25 Babylon and Her Idols [Day 6] Day 6: ISA 46:1-48:22 Day 7: ISA 49:1-51:23 The Servant of the Lord [Day 7] Key Characters Key Locations Key Terms Nebuchadnezzar Ezekiel Tyre Babylon Judgment Egypt Edom Redeemed Awel-Marduk Jehoiachin Daniel Belshazzar Arabia Jerusalem Mercy Isaiah Cyrus Savior Restoration Key Verses Lord, be gracious to us; we long for you.
    [Show full text]
  • Teacher Bible Study Lesson Overview/Schedule
    1st-3rd Grade Kids Bible Study Guide Unit 19, Session 3: God Gave Daniel Wisdom TEACHER BIBLE STUDY This week’s Bible story opens with a feast—a great banquet hosted in the palace by King Belshazzar. A thousand of his nobles were in attendance. The supply of wine was plentiful. King Belshazzar and those closest to him drank from the holy vessels that Belshazzar’s ancestor, King Nebuchadnezzar, had taken from the house of God in Jerusalem. They drank and praised their false gods. Several years had passed since King Nebuchadnezzar’s reign. Babylon had seen a handful of successions, and though Daniel still served the king, he had likely lost his high-ranking position after Nebuchadnezzar’s death. The great feast was suddenly interrupted when a human hand appeared; its fingers wrote a message on the wall. The king did not understand the message. Neither did the astrologers or wise men. The queen (possibly Belshazzar’s grandmother) remembered Daniel and his ability to understand dreams and signs. God had given Daniel wisdom to understand visions and dreams of every kind. (Daniel 1:17) Daniel read the words on the wall: MENE, MENE, TEKEL, PARSIN. As verbs, these Aramaic words mean “numbered,” “weighed,” and “divided.” They can also be interpreted as a series of weights: “a mina, a mina, a shekel, and half-shekels.” Daniel interpreted the message. God had evaluated Belshazzar and found that he wasn’t good enough. God was bringing his reign to an end. The kingdom would be divided. Belshazzar, who had witnessed the consequences of Nebuchadnezzar’s sinful pride, did not humble himself before the Lord.
    [Show full text]
  • Belshazzar's Feast
    CONCERT PROGRAM Friday, February 24, 2017 at 8:00PM Saturday, February 25, 2017 at 8:00PM Sir Andrew Davis, conductor John Relyea, bass St. Louis Symphony Chorus Amy Kaiser, director NICOLAI Overture to The Merry Wives of Windsor (1810–1849) (Die lustigen Weiber von Windsor) (1849) ELGAR Falstaff, Symphonic Study in C minor, op. 68 (1913) (1857–1934) Falstaff and Prince Henry – Eastcheap – Gadshill – The Boar’s Head, revelry and sleep Dream Interlude: Jack Falstaff, now Sir John, a boy, and page to Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk – Falstaff’s march – The return through Gloucestershire – Interlude: Gloucestershire. Shallow’s orchard – The new king – The hurried ride to London – King Henry V’s progress – The repudiation of Falstaff, and his death INTERMISSION WALTON Belshazzar’s Feast (1931) (1902–1983) Thus spake Isaiah If I forget thee, O Jerusalem – Babylon was a great city In Babylon Belshazzar the King made a great feast – Praise ye, the God of Gold – Thus in Babylon, the mighty city – And in that same hour – Then sing aloud to God our strength The trumpeters and pipers Then sing aloud to God our strength John Relyea, bass St. Louis Symphony Chorus Amy Kaiser, director 23 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS These concerts are part of the Wells Fargo Advisors Orchestral Series. Sir Andrew Davis is the Felix and Eleanor Slatkin Guest Artist. The concert of Friday, February 24, is underwritten in part by a generous gift from Linda and Paul Lee. Pre-Concert Conversations are sponsored by Washington University Physicians. Large print program notes are available through the generosity of The Delmar Gardens Family, and are located at the Customer Service table in the foyer.
    [Show full text]
  • The Search for Darius the Mede (Concluded), Or, the Time of the Answer to Danielõs Prayer and the Date of the Death of Darius the Mede
    Journal of the Adventist Theological Society, 12/1 (Spring 2001): 97Ð105. Article copyright © 2001 by William H. Shea. The Search for Darius the Mede (Concluded), or, The Time of the Answer to DanielÕs Prayer and the Date of the Death of Darius the Mede William H. Shea After a brief flirtation with Cyrus as Darius the Mede in the book of Dan- iel,1 I returned to an earlier position2 identifying him with Ugbaru, the general who conquered Babylon for Cyrus.3 In my most recent study of this subject, however, a shift was made from a ÒlongÓ chronology of DariusÕ reign to a ÒshortÓ chronology. Instead of assigning him a year and a month of rule after the fall of Babylon,4 his reign was reduced to approximately one month.5 This shift was necessitated by the recent publication of the Sippar tablets, which make it clear that the co-regency between Cambyses and Cyrus occurred during the latter kingÕs first full year of reign in Babylon.6 Thus, it was neces- sary to move the reign of Darius the Mede either earlier or later than the first year. Since the events described in Daniel indicate that they took place soon after the fall of Babylon, Darius should fit in the earlier period. This locates his short reign during the Òaccession yearÓ of Cyrus, from October of 539 to the 1 W. H. Shea, ÒDarius the Mede in His Persian-Babylonian Setting,Ó AUSS 29 (1991): 235- 257. 2 Idem., ÒAn Unrecognized Vassal King of Babylon in the Early Achaemenid Period,Ó AUSS 9 (1970): 51-67; Id., Ibid., pt.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. the Great Feast of Belshazzar in Exile
    Holy Trinity Lutheran Church 1. The great feast of Des Moines, WA Belshazzar August 12, 2012 We hear the first reference to King Belshazzar in this chapter of Daniel. Up until this point in the Daniel 5 book, King Nebuchadnezzar has been the king. He was the one who invaded Palestine, pillaged A Last Lesson from Babylon on VBS Sunday the city of Jerusalem, and carried off the nation 1. The great feast of Belshazzar in exile. After the events of Daniel 4, a lapse of 2. Lessons the Lord would have us about 30 years until the time of Belshazzar had gone by. He was the grandson of learn from it Nebuchadnezzar, and since his father had an archaeology interest and not a big interest in Hymns: 226 – 732 – 379 – Closing: 331 ruling, he had formed a co-regency with his son Belshazzar. All Scripture quotations from NIV 1984 The action of this chapter begins as Belshazzar throws a huge feast. We hear that he invited 1,000 of his nobles to this party, along with his This week we went back in time. Our Vacation wives and the women of his harem. Why would Bible School went back in time about 2,500 he be throwing a feast like this? Especially years to the time of the OT believer Daniel, who knowing the end of the chapter, where the city is lived in Babylon. overrun that very night by the armies of the Daniel lived during the time that God’s people Medes and Persians, we might wonder why this were in exile far from home in Babylon.
    [Show full text]
  • Daniel 10.1-21, the Incredible Realities of Spiritual Warfare
    The Incredible Realities of spiritual Warfare Daniel 10:1-21 Introduction: 1) Abraham Kuyper (1837-1920), the brilliant journalist, theologian, and Prime Minister of the Netherlands writes, “If once the curtain were pulled back, and the spiritual world behind it came to view, it would expose to our spiritual vision a struggle so intense, so convulsive, sweeping everything within its range, that the fiercest battle ever fought on earth would seem, by comparison, a mere game. Not here, but up there—that is where the real conflict is waged. Our earthly struggle drones in its backlash.” (Quoted in Ferguson, Daniel, 199). 2) Such a bold and striking claim finds biblical warrant when we come to Daniel 10 and the beginning of the end of this incredible book. Daniel 10-12 constitutes the finale of this prophetic gem. Chapter 10 is the prelude to the detailed vision of chapter 11. Chapter 12 provides the filling confusion to both the vision and the book. Chapter 10 pulls back the spiritual curtain and gives us a brief glimpse into a world of spiritual warfare that is very real, though it rages unseen to the physical eye. 3) I confess to being convicted, even haunted, by this chapter. If the words of this chapter are true, and I believe they are, why do I not pray more? Why do I not 1 pray with more passion and earnestness? Our prayers provide “spiritual reinforcement” for the battles that take place “against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly places” (Eph. 6:12). Our prayers are weapons of warfare that provide ammunition for angels as they engage the demonic forces of evil in spiritual combat.
    [Show full text]
  • Belshazzar's Feast and the Handwriting on the Wall
    Belshazzar’s Feast and the Handwriting on the Wall DANIEL 5:1-31 TEXT, EXPOSITION AND PRACTICAL HELPS West Los Angeles Living Word Christian Center Centro Cristiano Palabra Viva Dr. Eddie Ildefonso, Senior Pastor 6520 Arizona Ave. Los Ángeles, CA 90045 Email: [email protected] Web Page: WWW.WLALWCC.ORG DIVISION II The History and Destiny of the Nations: Six Pictures Revealed in Daniel’s Prophecies, Daniel 2:1–7:28 Belshazzar’s Feast and the Handwriting on the Wall: A Picture of the Coming Judgment on the Defiant and the Pleasure- Seekers, Daniel 5:1-31 (Daniel 5:1-31) Introduction: the defiant and the pleasure-seekers of this world will face the sure hand of God’s judgment. Any person who curses the Name of the LORD exposes a hard, reckless heart. The individual is dooming him- or herself. Imagine a person actually challenging God, aggressively daring the LORD of the universe to react and execute judgment. Yet this is exactly what so many of us do when we raise our voices in anger or shake our fists at the LORD. We deny the LORD, rebel against Him and curse His holy Name. Think about the wicked and the pleasure-seekers of the world giving themselves over to the gratification of the flesh. They overindulge in any and everything that gives them a sense of pleasure, no matter how temporary the pleasure may be. Whether the over- indulgence is in eating, drinking, recreating, buying and possessing, or participating in drunken, immoral orgies—no matter, the individuals are openly and brazenly defying God to His face, showing a total irreverence for God, the things of God, and God’s holy commandments.
    [Show full text]
  • Primary Bible Lesson – What Does God Say?”– 25-26 July 2020 ______
    Primary Bible Lesson – What Does God Say?”– 25-26 July 2020 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ BOTTOM LINE: “God Speaks to Give Me Direction & Correction!” MAIN SCRIPTURE: Daniel Chapter 5 POWER VERSE: “If you reject discipline, you only harm yourself; but if you listen to correction, you grow in understanding.” - Proverbs 15:32 MESSAGE OBJECTIVE: In this lesson, the children are going to learn that the Bible tells us some of the things God says when He speaks to His people. They’re going to learn all about the writing on the wall and how God sometimes speaks words of direction and correction. He not only tells us what to do, but He corrects us when we get off the path He has planned for our lives. MESSAGE INTRO: Hey Kids welcome to Kids Connect! Today we are going to learn about something incredible that happened in Daniel chapter 5. There was a wicked King Nebuchadnezzar who took Daniel and his friends captive in Babylon. He’s also the one who was turned into a cow when he refused to give God the glory, but that’s a whole other story. After a few years, King Nebuchadnezzar died. A man named Belshazzar became king. Belshazzar was even worse and more evil than the other king. BIBLE MESSAGE: King Belshazzar decided to throw a big party. This was not a two- hour party with cake and punch. This was a feast - a celebration. Back in those days, this kind of banquet might last for several weeks. During this party, Belshazzar decided to use gold dishes and cups from the Temple of God to drink wine and get drunk.
    [Show full text]
  • Letting Nebuchadnezzar Speak: the Purpose of the First-Person Narrative in Daniel 4
    Widder, “Letting Nebuchadnezzar Speak,” OTE 32/1 (2019): 197-214 197 Letting Nebuchadnezzar Speak: The Purpose of the First-Person Narrative in Daniel 4 WENDY L. WIDDER (UNIVERSITY OF THE FREE STATE) ABSTRACT This article proposes that the use of first-person narration in the unusual literary structure of Dan 4 creates the most meaningful message for the diaspora audience of the book because of who Nebuchadnezzar was and when the events were purported to occur. It discusses the larger literary context of the chapter and its narrative structure, analyses the text and identifies important elements highlighted by the use of different narrative voices, and considers how the structure shapes the message of the chapter. Nebuchadnezzar was the king who defeated Israel’s God (Dan 1:1–2) and changed life forever for God’s people, yet at the peak of Nebuchadnezzar’s power, that same God humbled him such that he came to acknowledge the superior sovereignty of Israel’s God. By framing the account of this transformation as a proclamation in Nebuchadnezzar’s own words to the entire world, the author of Daniel vindicates the God of Israel before the whole world and transforms the king who embodied opposition to God into the paradigm of what a gentile king ought to be. KEYWORDS: narrative, narrative voices, first-person, Daniel, Nebuchadnezzar A INTRODUCTION Nebuchadnezzar is the most colourful character in the book of Daniel, dominating the landscape of its first four chapters. The Babylonian king makes his final appearance as an active character in chapter 4, when he is troubled by a dream about a great tree cut down to the ground by divine order.1 When * Submitted 25/02/2019, reviewed 10/04/2019, accepted 04/05/2019.
    [Show full text]