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The Relationship Between Generation, First and Second, Ethnic Identity, Modernity, and Acculturation Among Immigrant Lebanese Am Wayne State University Wayne State University Dissertations 1-1-2016 The Relationship Between Generation, First And Second, Ethnic Identity, Modernity, And Acculturation Among Immigrant Lebanese American Women Hanan Elali Fadlallah Wayne State University, Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, and the Other Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Fadlallah, Hanan Elali, "The Relationship Between Generation, First And Second, Ethnic Identity, Modernity, And Acculturation Among Immigrant Lebanese American Women" (2016). Wayne State University Dissertations. 1445. https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1445 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wayne State University Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@WayneState. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENERATION, FIRST AND SECOND, ETHNIC IDENTITY, MODERNITY, AND ACCULTURATION AMONG IMMIGRANT LEBANESE AMERICAN WOMEN by HANAN ELALI FADLALLAH DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 2016 MAJOR: CURRICULUM & INSTRUCTION Approved By: ___________________________________________ Advisor Date ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ © COPYRIGHT BY HANAN ELALI FADLALLAH 2016 All Rights Reserved DEDICATION To my four loving children Lana, Celine, Jawad, and Hadi I hope my accomplishment today will inspire you to aim high in life. Work hard and you will achieve your goals. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, I thank my loving family for their endless support and encouragement throughout the entire period of writing my dissertation. My utmost gratitude goes to my husband, Hassane, whose unlimited support, patience, and love kept me going especially during hard times. I will forever be grateful to you for believing in me and embracing my shortcomings; your presence in my life is what enabled me to achieve this dream. You will always be my shinning star. I would also like to thank my mother whom herself was an educator for thirty years. Your inspiration as a foreign language teacher had the biggest impact on my academic life, and you will always be my ultimate role model in everything. I want to thank my sisters Zeinab and Dalal for being there for me every time I needed a helping hand. I truly appreciate everything you have done for me. I also want to thank my best friend Jennifer Darwich who was always there for me in times of need and despair, listening and encouraging me to stay focused on achieving my goal. I truly appreciate your love and support. I would like to acknowledge my committee members to whom I owe so much gratitude and respect. To Dr. Navaz Bhavnagri, who guided and supported me from the beginning till the end unconditionally. You are the definition of a dedicated and hard working professor who mentors her students with all her heart and mind. You have helped me not only achieve my academic dreams, but also grow as a human being. I am a better Hanan today than I was yesterday because of you. I will forever be indebted to you. I would also like to thank Dr. Maria Ferreira for accepting to be on my dissertation committee. Your remarkable expertise in research and your valuable input iii have definitely helped strengthen my dissertation. A huge thanks to Dr. Brian Dates; your unconditional mentoring and feedback, especially in the methodology chapter, has definitely enhanced my understanding of statistics related to my study. Your expertise and prolific knowledge in the fields of research and statistics will continue to be of great asset to my dissertation. I will forever be thankful to you. Furthermore, I thank Dr. Min Yu for accepting to be on my dissertation committee at a short notice. Your expertise on migration and acculturation has also enhanced my understanding of immigration and the acculturation process. Finally, I thank Dr. Kathleen Crawford McKinney for accepting to be on my dissertation committee at the proposal phase. Your time and effort are truly appreciated. Thank you to Dr. Alexander Cintron whose research on acculturation was a valuable resource for me throughout the entire phase of writing my own dissertation. Also, thank you to Mrs. Veronica Bielat for all the valuable search techniques that she taught us in our research courses. Your expertise on how to use library resources was a great asset for me. Last but not least, a special thanks goes to family and friends who assisted me in reaching 100 participants. A huge thank you goes to all the Lebanese American women who accepted to take part in the study. Your time and participation are highly valued and appreciated. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication .......................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... iii List of Tables .................................................................................................................. viii List of Figures .....................................................................................................................x Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................1 Background .....................................................................................................................2 History of Immigration ..............................................................................................2 Characteristics of The Host And Immigrating Group ...............................................5 Acculturation..............................................................................................................9 Ethnic Identity ..........................................................................................................13 Modernity .................................................................................................................17 The Study ......................................................................................................................21 Problem Statement ...................................................................................................22 Need And Significance ............................................................................................22 Purpose of The Study ...............................................................................................24 Research Question ...................................................................................................24 Research Hypothesis ................................................................................................24 Null Hypothesis .......................................................................................................24 Definitions of Terms ................................................................................................24 Assumptions .............................................................................................................27 Chapter 2: The Review of Literature .............................................................................29 Theoretical Framework .................................................................................................29 v Berry ........................................................................................................................29 Phinney ....................................................................................................................32 Ramirez And Castaneda ...........................................................................................35 Empirical Framework ...................................................................................................38 Ethnic Identity And Acculturation ...........................................................................38 Ethnic Identity And Other Variables .......................................................................40 Modernity And Acculturation ..................................................................................42 Modernity And Other Variables ..............................................................................44 Chapter 3: Methodology..................................................................................................46 Research Design............................................................................................................46 Setting And Participants ...............................................................................................47 Measures .......................................................................................................................48 Demographic Survey ....................................................................................................48 MEIM ............................................................................................................................48 TMI-R ...........................................................................................................................50 ARSMA-II/ARSAA-II ..................................................................................................53
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