Your Unpublished Thesis, Submitted for a Degree at Williams College and Administered by the Williams College Libraries, Will Be Made Available for Research Use
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WILLIAMS COLLEGE LIBRARIES COPYRIGHT ASSIGNMENT AND INSTRUCTIONS fOR A STUDENT THESIS Your unpublished thesis, submitted for a degree at Williams College and administered by the Williams College Libraries, will be made available for research use. You may, through this form, provide instructions regarding copyright, access, dissemination and reproduction of your thesis. The College has the right in all cases to maintain and preserve theses both in hardcopy and electronic format, and to make such copies as the Libraries require for their research and archival functions. __ The faculty advisor/s to the student writing the thesis claims joint authorship in this work. IIwe have included in this thesis copyrighted material for which I1we have not received permission from the copyright holder/so If you do not secure copyright permissions by the time your thesis is submitted, you will still be allowed to submit. 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Selecting this option allows the Libraries to transmit the thesis in electronic format via the Internet after a period of years. Once the restriction period has ended, this option permits worldwide access to the thesis, and copying of the electronic and hardcopy versions. __ I1we grant permission to Williams College to maintain, provide access to, and provide copies of the thesis in hardcopy format only, for as long as I1we retain copyright. Selecting this option allows access to your work only fJ'om the hardcopy you submit for as long as you retain copyright in the work. Such access pertains to the entirety of your work, including any media that it incorporates. Selecting this option allows the Libraries to provide copies of the thesis to researchers in hardcopy form only, not in electronic format. __ I1we grant permission to Williams College to maintain and to provide access to the thesis in hardcopy format only, for as long as I/we retain copyright. Selecting this option allows access to your work only from the hardcopy you submit for as long as you retain copyright in the work. Such access pertains to the entirety of your work, including any media that it incorporates. This option does NOT permit the Libraries to provide copies of the thesis to researchers. Signed author) (student __ .!9 �-'�----'-----f-/-+-\-f"'--' _ Signed (faculty advisor) Signed (2d advisor, applicable) ___________________ if _ __ Thesis title Date ,5/ ,? () l b () \ \ Library Use __ Accepted By: --l---"""--''---...:-r'+-''L-'''-f--t+--"-'�'''''--'=''--- Date: _--,,-,)'_� -",J",={}_._, _ -".1"-1 rev. March 2010 __ "A Self-Forgetful, Perfectly Useless COi1centration": Elizabeth Bishop's Art of the Shore by Megan I-Johnes Cassandra Cleghorn, Advisor A thesis submitted in partial fulfillii1ent of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with 1-/(il1ors in English WILLIAMS COLLEGE Williamstown, Massachusetts April 18,2011 ADI(NOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my adviser, Professor Cassandra Cleghorn, fo r all of her patient encouragement and indispensable contributions and feedback. I could not have finished this thesis without her, and feel blessed that I had this opportunity to work and collaborate with her. I would also like to thank Professor Richard King for his wonderful guidance during the first stages of this thesis. Thank you Gabby, Leah, and Sasha fo r helping me de-stress and putting up with me during that last emotional, sleepless week. Finally, I would like to thank my family and Nick for their steadfast support and love throughout this whole experience. 2 CONTENTS Introduction: "This Place of Meeting": A Taxonomy of the Shore fo r NatUralist and Poets Chapter One: Indrawn and Dubious: Bishop's Idiosyncratic Sublime 22 Chapter Two: "Being In" and "Pulling Down": Bishop's Tenus of Art 48 Conclusion: Erosion 70 Bibliography 79 "This Place of Meeting": A Taxonomy of the Shore for Naturalist and Poets Rachel Carson's The Edge of the Sea (1955) is a scientist's attempt to understand and taxonomize the shore. I identify Carson as a scientist, but that title immediately demands adjustment. While working as a biologist for the Bureau of Fisheries, Carson was assigned to research and write radio scripts. One day, her boss Elmer Higgens asked her to write a brochure fo r the bureau. He returnedthe piece she wrote to her, telling her: "It won't do fo r us; try again." He then told her to send it t6 the Atlantic Monthly instead. Carson did just that, and the piece originally intended as a scientificbrochure was published as the essay "Undersea" in the September 1937 edition. It was this piece that attracted the publisher Simon & Schuster, who soon after contacted Carson about writing a book. Carson's firstbook was Under the Sea-Wind (1941). Later books included The Sea Around Us (1951), and Silent Spring (1962). Within these books, Carson still retained her scientific style, but one with a decidedly literary bend. Carson however, does not attribute the poetry of her writing to anything other than the innate nature of the sea: "If there is poetry in my book about the sea, it isn't because I deliberately put it there, but because no one could write truthfully about the sea and leave out the poetry."l Henry Beston, author of The Outermost House, and a writer whom Carson admired, reviewed Carson saying: "It is Miss Carson's particular gift: to be able to blend scientific knowledge with the spirit of poetic awareness, thus restoring to us a true sense of the ,, world. 2 1. Arlene R. Qllaratiello. Rachel Carson: A Biography. (Westport, CT., Greenwood Press, 2004), pp. 62. 2. Arlene R. Qllaratiello. Rachel Carson: A Biography. (Westport, CT., Greenwood Press, 2004), pp. 60. The Edge of the Sea approaches the life and characters of three different kinds of shores along the Atlantic Coast�JJ'om the expanses of sand upon which endlessly beat the rhythmic waves to the rushing silence of a frozen sea. For Carson the shore is more than an aesthetically pleasing place; there remains that elusive and indefinable nature that Carson identifies as "strange": "The edge of the sea is a strange and beautiful place. All through the long history of the earth it has been an area of unrest where waves have broken heavily against the lanq, where the tides have pressed fo rward over the continents, , receded, and then returned. ,3 Perhaps this fe eling of "strangeness" comes from the otherworldliness of the shore, It is a place in-between two disparate environments, the land and the sea. This meeting place is "an area of unrest," and it draws one to try and identify the strange and beautiful: "]t is the elusiveness of that meaning that haunts us, that sends us again and again into the natural world where the key to the riddle is ,,4 hidden. Perhaps it is this probing forthe hidden key of understanding that draws people to the sea, creating a place for contemplation and inspiration.