Addressing Hard and Soft Infrastructure Barriers to Trade in South Asia
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
62Nd Euroconstruct Conference
A-1103 WIEN, POSTFACH 91 TEL. 798 26 01 • FAX 798 93 86 ÖSTERREICHISCHES INSTITUT FÜR WIRTSCHAFTSFORSCHUNG 62nd Euroconstruct Conference The Prospects for the European Construction Market Country Reports December 2006 Munich, December 2006 Country Report 62nd Euroconstruct Conference Munich, December 2006 Ifo Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich © EUROCONSTRUCT Munich, December 2006 This Country Report has been written and prepared by the EUROCONSTRUCT organisation from the country reports of the 19 EUROCONSTRUCT member institutes. The report has been edited and formatted by: Ifo Institute for Economic Research Poschingerstrasse 5, 81679 Munich Germany Tel.: ++49-89-9224-1388 or -1383 Fax: ++49-89-9224-2430 or -2383 E-Mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Website: www.ifo.de www.euroconstruct.org © EUROCONSTRUCT December 2006 All rights reserved Reproduction or passing-on of the whole or parts of the report is strictly forbidden without prior written authority from the Ifo Institute, acting on behalf of the EUROCONSTRUCT group. © EUROCONSTRUCT Munich, December 2006 Index Contents The Euroconstruct Network....................................................................... 5 Country Reports Austria ............................................................................................ 31 Belgium .......................................................................................... 45 Czech Republic.............................................................................. 63 Denmark........................................................................................ -
Lakes Port & Harbor: Infrastructure & Dredging Cost Estimate Matrix Tool
Great Lakes Port & Harbor: Infrastructure & Dredging Cost Estimate Matrix Tool and Duluth, MN/Superior, WI and Toledo, OH Case Studies Gene Clark1 and Dale Bergeron2 1 WI Sea Grant [email protected] 2 MN Sea Grant dbergeron@ d.umn.edu Defining the parameters of the Matrix Great Lakes ports, harbors and marinas are vulnerable to several potential climate change impacts. The two major impacts most relevant and potentially most costly are water level and storm intensity. Both rising and falling water levels can impact infrastructure stability and overall strength, as well as requiring additional channel dredging. A climatic change resulting in an increase in severe storms (more precipitation, higher winds and greater number of storm events) is also viewed as having detrimental affects on infrastructure. More severe storms can create larger waves, more extreme Seiche events and greater storm-surges that can damage port and harbor infrastructure requiring costly rehabilitation or replacement. In addition to infrastructure issues, an increased storm frequency and intensity will increase channel silting and sedimentation, compounding dredging problems analogous to lower water level scenarios. Climate model predictions for specific weather outcomes vary greatly throughout the Great Lakes Basin, and include both higher and lower water levels scenarios. However, all predictions seem to include an increase in both the number and intensity of major storm events. This combination can result in unanticipated water level change, larger waves, more dramatic Seiches and greater storm surges than considered in original design parameters (all of this in addition to the antiquated and sometime dilapidated state of our Great Lakes infrastructure). -
All Aboard: the Aggregate Effects of Port Development
All aboard: The aggregate effects of port development César Ducruet1, Réka Juhász2, Dávid Krisztián Nagy3, and Claudia Steinwender4 1CNRS 2Columbia University 3CREI, Universitat Pompeu Fabra and Barcelona GSE 4MIT Sloan ∗ July 3, 2019 Abstract This paper studies the distributional and aggregate economic effects of new port technologies developed in the second half of the 20th century. We show that new technologies have led to a significant reallocation of shipping activity from large to small cities. This was driven by a land price mechanism; as new port technologies are more land-intensive, ports moved from large, high land price cities to smaller, lower land price ones. We add endogenous port development to a standard quantitative model of cross- city trade to account for both the benefits and the costs of port development. According to the model, the adoption of new port technologies leads to benefits through increasing market access but is costly, requiring the extensive use of land, suggesting a reallocation of shipping activities towards cities with low land prices and thus net gains from new port technologies that are heterogeneous across cities. Counterfactual results suggest that new port technologies led to sizable aggregate gains for the world economy, with substantial heterogeneity in the effects across countries. More generally, accounting for the costs of port infrastructure development endogenously has the potential to alter the size and distribution of the gains from trade. ∗We thank David Atkin, Don Davis, Dave Donaldson, Joseph Doyle, Matt Grant, Gordon Hanson, Tom Holmes, Amit Khandelwal, Jim Rauch, Roberto Rigobon, Esteban Rossi-Hansberg and Tavneet Suri for helpful comments and discussions. -
NORTH WEST Freight Transport Strategy
NORTH WEST Freight Transport Strategy Department of Infrastructure NORTH WEST FREIGHT TRANSPORT STRATEGY Final Report May 2002 This report has been prepared by the Department of Infrastructure, VicRoads, Mildura Rural City Council, Swan Hill Rural City Council and the North West Municipalities Association to guide planning and development of the freight transport network in the north-west of Victoria. The State Government acknowledges the participation and support of the Councils of the north-west in preparing the strategy and the many stakeholders and individuals who contributed comments and ideas. Department of Infrastructure Strategic Planning Division Level 23, 80 Collins St Melbourne VIC 3000 www.doi.vic.gov.au Final Report North West Freight Transport Strategy Table of Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... i 1. Strategy Outline. ...........................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................................1 1.2 Strategy Outcomes.................................................................................................................1 1.3 Planning Horizon.....................................................................................................................1 1.4 Other Investigations ................................................................................................................1 -
India's Role in Facilitating Trade Under SAFTA
Working Paper 263 India’s Role in Facilitating Trade under SAFTA Nisha Taneja Shravani Prakash Pallavi Kalita January 2013 INDIAN COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................... i Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... ii 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 2. Liberalisation of Tariffs under SAFTA and India’s Bilateral FTAs ................. 2 2.1 India Pakistan ...................................................................................................... 2 2.2 India -Bangladesh ............................................................................................... 3 2.3 India-Nepal .......................................................................................................... 4 2.4 India- Sri Lanka .................................................................................................. 5 3. Non-Tariff Barriers ................................................................................................. 6 4. Transport .................................................................................................................. 8 4.1 Road Transport .................................................................................................... 8 4.2 Rail Transport ................................................................................................... -
6. Traffic Demand Forecast
Preparatory Survey on the Cross-Border Road Network Improvement Project (Bangladesh) Final Report 6. TRAFFIC DEMAND FORECAST 6.1 Present Traffic Situation around the Target Roads 6.1.1 Outline of the Traffic Surveys In order to understand the present traffic situation around the target roads, a traffic count (T/C) survey and a roadside OD survey were implemented. The T/C surveys were conducted for the 3-day survey (for 12 and 24 hours on weekdays, for 12 hours on weekend) at 2 locations, for the 24-hour survey at 6 locations and for the 12-hour survey at 2 locations. The roadside OD survey, which included a 14-hour OD interview survey and 24-hour T/C surveys, was conducted at 5 locations. The location and survey types of these traffic surveys are shown in Figure 6.1.1 and Figure 6.1.2. Also, the surveyed vehicle type is shown in Table 6.1.1. T/C survey were implemented for all types of vehicles (①–⑭), and OD interview survey were implemented for the ③Passenger car (Sedan, SUV) & taxi – ⑪Utility, which are motorized vehicles except ①motorbike, ②CNG (Auto-rickshaw)/Baby taxi and non-motorized light vehicles used for the short distance trips, in order to grasp the origin and destination of the inter-city middle and long trip traffic. Table 6.1.1 Surveyed vehicle type Survey Vehicle Vehicle type Type code ① Motorbike T/C Only ② CNG (Auto-rickshaw)/Baby taxi ③ Passenger car (Sedan, SUV), Taxi ④ Micro bus (up to 15 seats) ⑤ Medium bus (16-39 seats) ⑥ Large bus (40 seats or more) T/C + O/D ⑦ Small truck (2 axles, less than 3 tons) ⑧ Medium truck -
Framework for Soft and Hard City Infrastructures
Cite this article Research Article Keywords: design methods & aids/ Dyer M, Dyer R, Weng MH et al. (2019) Paper 1900021 infrastructure planning/ Framework for soft and hard city infrastructures. Received 28/06/2019; urban regeneration Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Urban Design and Planning 172(6): 219–227, Accepted 03/10/2019; https://doi.org/10.1680/jurdp.19.00021 Published online 04/12/2019 Published with permission by the ICE under the CC-BY 4.0 license. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Urban Design and Planning Framework for soft and hard city infrastructures Mark Dyer DPhil, FICE, CEng Thomas Grey BArch, MSc Professor, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand Senior Research Fellow, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (corresponding author: [email protected]) Richard Gleeson BA, MSc (Orcid:0000-0002-6766-0893) Retired Dublin City Planner, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Rachel Dyer BA, MSc Tomás García Ferrari Planning Officer, Hamilton City Council, Hamilton, New Zealand Senior Lecturer in Graphical Design, University of Waikato, Hamilton, Min-Hsien Weng PhD New Zealand Senior Research Fellow, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand Shaoqun Wu PhD Lecturer in Computer Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand The term city infrastructures is often restricted to the physical elements of a city, while in practice it comprises both hard infrastructures for built environment and utilities, as well as soft infrastructures involving services, social groupings and personal skills. Part of the confusion is the lack of clarity about the role and delivery of city infrastructures and its relationship to livelihood and livability. -
Extracting Value from Municipal Solid Waste for Greener Cities: the Case of the Republic of Korea
KNOWLEDGE NOTE SERIES 04 EXTRACTING VALUE FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE FOR GREENER CITIES: THE CASE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA EIKO WATAYA WB, FAROUK MOLLAH BANNA WB, INHYE BAK WB, DR. JAEMIN SONG UNIVERSITY OF SEOUL, SANG HYUN YOON SUDOKWON LANDFILL SITE MANAGEMENT CORP., AND DR. SORA YI KOREA ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE1 INTRODUCTION Municipal solid waste is discarded material that originates mostly from human activities in urban areas. It is well documented that improperly disposed of solid waste can negatively impact human health and the environment. For example, uncollected solid waste is one of the leading causes of flooding in slums, which claims thousands of human lives worldwide every year. Uncollected municipal solid waste can also affect other key sectors, such as tourism, hindering a country’s economic growth. The irony is that much of this waste could be reclaimed as renewable resources and help alleviate raw material and energy shortages in a cost- effective manner. To make municipal solid waste a usable resource, recycling must be encouraged, and ideally collected and separated at the source. Such a shift requires an integrated approach to policy creation that includes governance structures, technologies, investments, and citizen engagement— often challenging in fast-growing urban centers witnessing population growth, rapid urbanization, economic development, changes in human consumption, technology development, and more. As countries urbanize and 1 This paper has benefited from the peer review and input of Silpa Kaza (Urban Specialist/World Bank) and David Lerpiniere (Consultant/World Bank). grow economically, the level of waste generation per capita increases. The complexity of the waste stream typically also increases as the proportion of plastics, electronics, and hazardous waste grows and the share of biodegradable materials decreases. -
Lectures 13 to 15 CHAPTER 3: PUBLIC GOODS
Lectures 13 to 15 CHAPTER 3: PUBLIC GOODS 3.1: Public Goods Pure Private to Pure Public Good • Private good consumed only by one person: food, holidays, clothes • Family/household: all collective decisions and no market. ‘Micro- collective’. Share kitchens, TV, bathrooms. • Many families/household: roads and paths, communal halls, clubs etc. Tennis and golf clubs, plus Tidy Towns’ committees for example. ‘Mini- collective’. • Option public goods: fire brigade, hospitals, museums, etc. Provided by state but not used by all. ‘Partial full collective’ • Pure public goods benefit ALL. ‘Full collective’. National security, environment, lakes, sea and mountains. Used by all but to varying degrees. • Exclusion impossible. Raises free-rider problem: e.g. lighthouse, but now excludable. Firework display a good example (see later) • Public goods bring benefits just like private goods: Ui = F(A, B, C, D) • Same supply for ALL: G1=G2=G3= etc. Not same utility though. • Private good, A; same price and utility but different supply • Pure v impure PGs: security v bridge (Fig 3.1) • Fire brigade example (p. 144). Available to all, but only used when needed if ever. Private company would protect only those how had paid. • Public goods v natural monopolies (e.g. electricity or water) but private A fireworks display is a public good because it is non-excludable (impossible to prevent people from viewing it) and non-rivalrous (one individual's use does not reduce availability to others). Voluntary payment (Fig 3.3) • MC curve same as that for private goods (Fig 3.3): n people benefit though from every extra unit. -
4.1 Uttar Dinajpur: a Brief Profile
4.1 UTTAR DINAJPUR: A BRIEF PROFILE 88"U'IY'E 88''20'0'"E .UTTAR DINAJPUR Roads & Railway Lines 26'20'0~ 26'20'0'1\ ~ J: <( en :I: w m a <( 26"'0'0''N _J 2S'O'O"N (!) z <( OJ 25"40'0~ Dakshin Dinajpur Legend e District & Block Headquater Roads Railways SCALE 25"20'0~ 25'20'0'T• -··-··-··· District Boundary 1:500,000 0 2 4 8 . 12 16 Block Bounqa,ry. Kilometers HRDMS Centre, Uttar Dinajpur. 68'0'D"E 88'20'0'"E 107 North Dinajpur district or Uttar Dinajpur district (uttar meaning North) came into existence on 1992-04-01 after the bifurcation of erstwhile West Dinajpur District by the Gazette Notification No. 177 L.R I 6M-7/92 dated 28.2.1992. It is located in the north of West Bengal. The District lies between latitude 25°11' N to 26°49' Nand longitude 87°49' E to 90°00' E occupying an area of 3142 k:m2 enclosed by Bangladesh on the east, Bihar on the west, Darieeling District and Jalpaiguri District on the north and Maida District and South Dinajpur District on the south. The district is constituted of nine Blocks under two Sub-Divisions namely Raiganj and Islampur. This is a multi-lingual district dominated by Bengali speaking people and there are Urdu and Hindi speaking population in the Islampur area. Uttar Dinajpur is well connected with the rest of the state through National Highways, State Highways and Railways. NH-31 and NH-34 pass through the heart of the district. -
Public Goods for Economic Development
Printed in Austria Sales No. E.08.II.B36 V.08-57150—November 2008—1,000 ISBN 978-92-1-106444-5 Public goods for economic development PUBLIC GOODS FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FOR ECONOMIC GOODS PUBLIC This publication addresses factors that promote or inhibit successful provision of the four key international public goods: fi nancial stability, international trade regime, international diffusion of technological knowledge and global environment. Each of these public goods presents global challenges and potential remedies to promote economic development. Without these goods, developing countries are unable to compete, prosper or attract capital from abroad. The undersupply of these goods may affect prospects for economic development, threatening global economic stability, peace and prosperity. The need for public goods provision is also recognized by the Millennium Development Goals, internationally agreed goals and targets for knowledge, health, governance and environmental public goods. Because of the characteristics of public goods, leaving their provision to market forces will result in their under provision with respect to socially desirable levels. Coordinated social actions are therefore necessary to mobilize collective response in line with socially desirable objectives and with areas of comparative advantage and value added. International public goods for development will grow in importance over the coming decades as globalization intensifi es. Corrective policies hinge on the goods’ properties. There is no single prescription; rather, different kinds of international public goods require different kinds of policies and institutional arrangements. The Report addresses the nature of these policies and institutions using the modern principles of collective action. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna International Centre, P.O. -
Data for the Public Good
Data for the public good NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE COMMISSION National Infrastructure Commission report | Data for the public good Foreword Advances in technology have always transformed our lives and indeed whole industries such as banking and retail. In the same way, sensors, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and machine learning can transform the way we use and manage our national infrastructure. Government could spend less, whilst delivering benefits to the consumer: lower bills, improved travel times, and reduced disruption from congestion or maintenance work. The more information we have about the nation’s infrastructure, the better we can understand it. Therefore, data is crucial. Data can improve how our infrastructure is built, managed, and eventually decommissioned, and real-time data can inform how our infrastructure is operated on a second-to-second basis. However, collecting data alone will not improve the nation’s infrastructure. The key is to collect high quality data and use it effectively. One path is to set standards for the format of data, enabling high quality data to be easily shared and understood; much that we take for granted today is only possible because of agreed standards, such as bar codes on merchandise which have enabled the automation of checkout systems. Sharing data can catalyse innovation and improve services. Transport for London (TfL) has made information on London’s transport network available to the public, paving the way for the development of apps like Citymapper, which helps people get about the city safely and expediently. But it is important that when information on national infrastructure is shared, this happens with the appropriate security and privacy arrangements.