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U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, ETHYLENE OXIDE and CARBON

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U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, ETHYLENE OXIDE and CARBON i ETHYLENE OXIDE: AND AL riVE INGREDIENT: CARBON DIOXIDE STERILIZING ETHYLENE OXIDE 10% BY WEIGHT GAS MIXTURE INERT INGREDIENT: CARBON DIOXIDE 90% BY WEIGHT TOTAL CONTENTS ___J LBS. NET CYLINDER NO. ____' E.P.A. REG. NO. __________34782-2 __ - ....... , r JaCL 'W. 11th HOUSTON, TEXAS I t (1) "FOR INDUSTRIAL & MEDICAL USE ONL V IN COMMERCIAL GAS STERILIZERS." AND (2) "FOLLOW THE STERILIZATION PROCEDURES SPECIFIED IN THE GAS STERILIZER MANUAL:' DANGER: CONTENTS UNDER PRESSURE: 1. Do not use or store near heat or open flame. -Di\NGER· 2. Do not puncture cylinder. 3. Exposure to tempera­ KEEl' c,t'· .. ('F HEA(:" OF CHII..J)RE\ ture of 130" F may cause cylinder failure. 4. Never Breathing of vapors harmful. Exposure / incinerate. 5, Do not use oil or grease on valve to eyes and skin may cause severe /. regulator or fittings. 6. Do not refill with Jut written irritation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin consent of Big Three Industries. or clothing. In case of contact remove " all clothing and shoes. Flush skin or " ' eyes with plenty of water for at least . ~ -'- • 15 minutes. Get medical attention immediately. ~lEDICAL DIVISION BIG THREE INDUSTRIES (NON LIFE SUPPORTING) , .-- ,~-~""",-"",-,-"--",,---.,,,. y. - ~. - ..... .,- \ -. ., . ' : ... - "'" ....... ~ - --. ~. - \. '. '. .. .,F . ~ _.... ..I t .. , ..•.. , ' J . , , , • ETHYLENE OXIOI:. AND AL fiVE INGREDIENT: CARBON DIOXIDE STERILIZING' , ETHYLENE OXIDE 10% BY WEIGHT • • INERT INGREDIENT: GAS MIXTURE : · • , • 0 • CARBON DIOXIDE 90% BY WEIGHT TOTAL CONTENTS ___ LBS. NET CYLINDER NO. _____0 :_.': :: E.P.A. REG. NO. __~ 34782-2 ______ __ ... ...,. ., • 360'2 ·W. 11th HOUSrON, TEXAS (1) "FOR INDUSTRIAL & MEDICAL USE ONLY IN COMMERCIAL GAS STERILIZERS." AND (2) "FOLLOW THE STERILIZATION PROCEDURES SPECIFIED IN THE GAS STERILIZER MANUAL." DANGER: CONTENTS UNDER PRESSURE: 1. Do not use or store near heat or open flame. -DANGER- 2. Do not puncture cylinder. 3. Exposure to tempera­ KEEP UrT ()F ItEA(:" OF CHILDREN 0 ture of 130 F may cause cylinder failure. 4. Never Breathing of vapors harmful. Exposure incinerate. 5. Do not use oil or grease on valve to eyes and skin may cause severe regulator or fittings. 6. Do not refill with,)ut written irritation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin consent of Big Three Industries. or clothing. In case of contact remove all clothing and shoes. Flush skin or eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention immediately. MEDICAL DIVISION BIG THREE INDUSTRIES (NON LIFE SUPPORTING) / ......... -............ _.....,._ .. _._, --.,.------"1 ,. • ~, .--'-' "' ....;.t p.. '.! '!:........:I~) , ., ., >' ~ l. '.~: "- 4 I SPECIALTY GASES DEPARTMENT ,''''''A C~~ C-==-r::- ~·::j:-::::--Tt:;:-n (, f f I r ! ~, . ,f ;;. N 75-'.;;i~i.1 BIG THREE INDUSTRIES, INC. ..~ --~- ,- . - --- -----~---------~-~-~ • • CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................... Page 2 PROPERTIES OF ETHYLENE OXIDE ............................ Page 3 STERILIZA TION MIXTURES .................................. Page 3 EFFECTIVENESS ......................................... Page 3 MATERIAL DISADVANTAGES TO STERILIZATION MIXTURES .......... P3ge 3 STABILITY OF STERILIZATION \!lXTURES ....................... Page 3 STERILIZATION EQUIP\IENT ................................. Page 4 EXPOSURE TnlE OF ETHYLENE OXIDE ......................... Page 4 LITERATURE SOURCES .................................... Page 4 INTRODUCTION Autoclaving (steam pressure) has been used for many years to sterilize materials in hospitals. Big Three Industries, Inc. intent is to provide However, in recent years, with the increased use of various types of plastics, pressurized steam some guidelines on the safe handling of sterili­ in some cases has become impractical. Hence. zation mixtures and their end uses, namely: it has increased the usage of other methods for sterilization. (1) 10% Ethylene Oxide - tXt{, Carbon Dioxide In addition ethylene oxide mixtures h,we found (2) 20% Ethylene Oxide - 8(J'; Carbon Dioxide utility in the fumigation of many heat sl'nsitiw (3) 12% Ethylene Oxide - RR"{' Dichlorodi- food and )ther miscellaneous products where fluoromethane other types of fumigants were prohibitive. -2- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~.----------------------------- , , , . .., , PROPERTIES OF ETHYLENE OXIDE ~sed on the process of alkylation, eg., the re­ placement of hydro-ethyl radicals of available Ethylene Oxide is a cyclic ether compound ~rdroben a.vl.lS ... ithin a protein JIloIE'cU Ie such (Ch 2 )20 and has a molecular weight of H.OS.': , a.~ alT.ino c~Hboll)'1 and hydroxyl groups. The liquid freezt's at -111.3'c (-16cS.3 Fi an,u • boils at 10.73c (51.3 'F) at one atmospher~ .. II'!'," , 'fhe rate of reaction which clest roys various vapor pressure is 7 . .1 psig at 70'F (21.1 c). organisms appears to be related to thE' rate of Ethylene Oxidt' readily reacts with water in the diffll~,ion of tlw g,IS through the cell wall. This presence of ;Jnhydrolls chlorides. iron, tin <Jnd is a function of cell wall poroSity \\·"dtht'r vt'ge­ aluminum to form polyethylene glycol. It is tated or in the spore statt' w jth ('Oil' "nlrat ion soluab It, in a !coho I. ether and rna ny organic sol­ and time. vents. It is also absorbed by such solid materials as rubber. plastics and leather products. MATERIAL DISADVANTAGES TO While liquid ethylene oxide is relatively stable STERILIZATION MIXTURES to detonating agents, gaseous ethylene oxide is Ethylene Oxide is considert'd an excellent highly explosi ve and fla mmable in the presence sterilant. It does have some disadvantages which of air with a source of ignition which can be require caution in its usage. either an electric spark, static electricity, heat or open flame. (1) Deleterious effect on plastics and rubber prooucts. Ethylene oxide is toxic in both its liquid and (2) Solvent action and acrylic plastics and gaseous state. Liquid acts as a skin irritant or plas ticizers. vesicant and causes serious delayed burns from (3) Water solution will hemolyze red blood cells. clothing, gloves and shoes when exposed to the (4) Various culture media sterilized with ethy­ liquid and not immediate ly removed. lene oxide has been regarded unsuitable The gas is moderately toxic when inhaled. It for cultures. can cause irritation to eyes and mucous mem· (5) Animal diets exposed to ethylene oxide branes. also have adverse effects. A maximum tolerance of SO ppm during an 8 hour period is permissible. We also suggest that STABILITY OF STERILIZATION MIXTURES protective clothing be worn when handling ethy­ While mixtures of ethy lene oxide, carbon di­ lene oxide. oxide or dichlorodifluoromethane are h 1 gh ly effective, there are some problems of storage life and proper handlin~ due to decomposition of STERILIZA TlON MIXTURES the ethylene oxide molecules called polymeri­ Since pure ethylene oxide in the gas phase is zation. highly explosive and flammable for routine steril­ Usually the degradation of ethylene oxide forms ization and fumigation, the following mixtures a compound of a lower molecular weight polymer. are offered to reduce the flammable and explosive This product is usually referred to NVR·nonvola­ range or eliminate it. tile residue. This NVR forms in pure ethylene (1) Mixtures containing the following percent­ oxide and the various mixtu res a Iso. ages are considered non·flammable: NVR can be removed from containers and trans­ (a) 10% Ethylene Oxide· 90% Carbon Di­ fer lines by hot water of approximately 180-200·F. oxide by weight Steam cleaning is not preferred as it hardens the (b) 12% Ethylene Oxide • 88% Dichlorodi­ polymers. NVR is catalyzed by acids and bases, fluoromethane thus, cleaners of this type should not be used in lines or containers. Temperature also affects tbe While mixtures containing 20% Ethylene Oxide formation of NVR. The higher the temperature, - 80% Carbon Dioxide are considered flammable the higher the rate of formation of NVR. It is by definition, the hazard is considerably reduced necessary that caution be used in storage of as compared to pure ethylent' oxide. sterilization mixtures. They should be kept in cool areas away from the direct sources of heat, EFFECTIVENESS especially sun light. While there are several opinIOns as to the It is recommt'nded that all transfer lines be of chemical reactions that occur to make ethylene stainless stet'l and all general piping. At prest'nt oxic1e efft'ctive, the most accepted theory is Big Thret-' liSt'S ~IO cadmium plated valves with -3- . ~.... --- ._-.---- ---.--~- . , . , • • stainless steel fittings and stainlesk steel edu~­ (2) Evacuated Systems: tor tubefl (syphon tube). • •• •• I (a) Temperature 120 - 140"F (4~ - 60·c) • I • I . fb) Gas 500 - 1000 mg Ethylene S•••• ry : • • • I I • • Oxide / liter (1) Check ethylene oxide for ndtvoati~ residue! '~~) Humidity 35% - 50% (NVR) and \'iscosity which would indicate (d) Exposure 2 - 6 hours polymer present before us in g. While the above dosage rates using Ethylene (2) Do not allow ethylene oxide or sterilization Oxide in carbon dioxide or dichlorodifluorome­ mixture to be subjected to a temperature of thane will give an adequate gas concentration to more than l30·F. insure sterilization it must be kept in mind that (3) Keep in dry, cool place out of direct source these are optimum dosages and conditions. De­ of heat. hydrated spores under these condi tions wi 11 not be killed by ethylene oxide. (4) Use dry nitrogen for purging all lines. It is again suggested
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