TITLE PAGE

6UESTION: Give a detailed history of the Juma from 1881 onwards, and show how the Mosque progressed from being a small brick and mortar structure to being the largest Mosque in the Southern Hemisphere. Thematically

examine the contributions, activities, and problems of the Juma Mosque together with other related issues.

REGISTRATION NO. : 19159

LECTURER : LW. R. Norre11

COURSE : History I11

LOCAL HISTORY PROJECT -r-7 THE JUMA IdOSQUE

PilESENTED TO THE DEPARTI'I~ENTOF HISTORY

( UNIVXRSITY OF DURBAN - WESTVIZLE )

Although a project of this nature does not warrant,a preface,

one in my case is a necessity if any clarity on the subject matter is to be derived. The project has deliberately been divided into two sections, serving a dual purpose. Firstly it is convenient and gives a sense of organization to the s-tructure of the project, but more importantly it is a great help in averting any confusion which might arise.

The first part chronologically lists the events in the developnent of the structure of the iiosque highlighting the various transitional phases it underwent since it's establishment in IS81 to the present existing structure. The second pkt of the project has been structured on a thematic basis. The activities of the * mosque and issues relating to it have been examined under relevant headings. The history of the mosque has been discussed under three time periods, namely, (a) from I881 onwards until 1884 during which time it was merely a Jamazt-Khanna, a term which is explained'later under it's relevant section; (b) from if384 onwards until ,1916 during which time it was called the "Grey Street Mosque Trustv; (c) and from I916 onviards when the Mosque was renamed the "Juma Nusjid (Iviosque) Trust" until I946 when the present structure was erected. I'

It should be emphasised at the outset that it was a difficult task mustering information, a difficu-lty aggravated by a lack of original documents. Hence 759. of my information has been amassed through oral-testimony of which 997' was provided by Mr. A.G. Khan, the longest serving trustee of the Mosque appointed in 1950. He was recommended to me as the-authority on the subject by both the trust secretaries,"Russel, IvIarriot, and Boydu and the other trustees of the Dlosque of his long association with the Iloeque in his capacity as a trustee. The bulk of information in the second part of the project has been imparted to me by Mr. A.G. Khan.

The other source of information was documents such as the Trust

Deed, Deeds 09 Transfers and the Kosque Title Deed. Newspaper articles, the Archives in Pietermaritzburg and Deed's Office proved to be invaluable sources of information. However copies of documents from the Archives in Pietermaritzburg could not be made since they fell under the Deceased Estates Section, i and as such, in accordance with a ruling by the Supreme Court no part of these documents were permitted to be reproduced. Information could only be extracted from these documents which accounts for the defficiency in documentary evidence.

Ey Project comprises a history of the Mosque but also provides up to date information with regard to contemporary activities of the Mosque. A number of photograhs and detailed illustrations have been inserted in order to supplement a clear understanding of the subject matter. I hereby wish to thank Mr. Deedat for initially recommending people to me who were possible avenues of information. He recommended Advocate A.B. Mahomed to me. Advocate A.B. Mahomed was instrumental in giving a clear direction by requesting to the Trust Secretaries, "Russel, Marriot, and Boydl in a letter that they assist me. hly thanks also goes to Mr. Anees Khatib who introduced me to Mr. A.G. Khan and supporting me with his invaluable assistance throughout my research. My heart-felt thanks goes to Mr. A.G. Khan who imparted his expert knowledge on the June Mosque to me, and for speaking to me at length, answering questions with patience and courtesy. My gratitude also goes to Mr. G.H. Desai who threw some light on certain' aspects of the Nosque history. L

I am grateful to Mr. Sathar Khan who unhesitatingly provided me with transport whenever it was required. My sincere thanks also goes to Mr. Rahman Khan who unselfishly assisted me., ' . He never failed to respond to my call for material assistance and has been a tower of strength, support and encouragement. My thanks are due to Mr. Syed Ramjan for the invaluable aid he rendered to me.

I would like to thank hlr. I.A. Gaffoor , an architect who displayed patien~e~toleranceand understanding while aiding me with the Development aspect of the Mosque.

Lastly I wish to convey a sincere, heart-rendering *hanks ' to two spe cia1 people, my parents for the immeasurable

financial, material, and moral support they have provided me during the course of my research. I am indebted to them forever I an indebted to them, for as a child they reared end moulded me, I am indebted to them now, for their immeasurable support and I shall always be indebted to them for the love, kindness, patience and understanding they have shown for it is only through their efforts and sacrifices that I am where I am today.

Lastly I would like to thank r11r. A.R. Wookey and Mr. I. Mahomed for aiding me in the typing of my project.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUBJECT PAGE

Introduction I The Origins Of Islam In 2 Aboobaker Amod Jhaveri 3 The first Jamaat Khanna in Natal 5 The Grey Street Mosque

Expansion Of Mosque Property The Present Building Economic Contributions Of The Juma E~losque I9 -Kaddressa Arcade 21 The Juma Musjid Trust Government Aiaed School 22 Islamic Architecture 26

The Juma Mosque And The Zanzibaree Slaves 28 w -King's Rest Mosque 3 3 Centenary Celebrations Of Juma Mosque 36 The Juma Mosque as a Tourist Attraction 36 Charitable Activities Of The Mosque 38 Circulatory Problems Related To The Mosque 39 Future Plans For The Juma Mosque 4 3 Conclusion 45 Appendix 47 -Interview - A. G.Khan and 0.A.R.Sema 47 Source List 5 2 TIME - CHART 1 PATE HISTORICAL EVENT I667 Islam introducedinto South Africa 11863 Arrival of Aboobaker Amod Jhaveri in Natal I Arrival of "Indenturedw Indians aboard SS Truro Arrival of IIPassengeru Indians Aboobaker Amod Jhaveri buys land for Mosque First Jamaatkhanna built Grey Street Mosque built Aboobaker leaves for India on business trip Aboobaker dies of Cholera Estate of Aboobaker buys land from John Dales 1890 Hajee Mahomed buys plot from John Stanger

1893 Slavery abolished in British Empire 11903 First built in first extension of Mosque . I905 Second minaret built I916 First Trust Deed drawn up 11927 Iflosque extended and minaret built in 1905 is demolished 11929 Plot transferred from Estate of Aboobaker to Juma Mosque t I943 Entire 'building demolished and rebuilt with the exception of minaret built in I903 INTRODUCTION Dedicated to the worship of the One and Only God, the Juma Musjid boasts a colourful and eventful history unsurpassed, unparalleled and unchallenged by any other mosque in the country. Hundreds of excited tourists visit the Mosque each year and the fact that it is a tourist attraction bears sufficient testimony to its greatness. Thousands flock to the city centre and pass this landmark, but few stop to enjoy and reflect on the wonderous nature of the Mosque. Only a handful of people stop and perceive the awe-inspiring magnificence of the Mosque ' s structure, its refined Islamic architecture and ecstatically watch the brilliant sun brightening up the massive edifice, its gilded minaret scintillating in the sun's brilliance.

One should not be fooled into believing that the beautiful. exterior is a camouflage which belies a dull interior, for the inside of the Mosque is as attractive as the outside. The largest Mosque in the southern hemisphere, the Juma Mosque has two floors and is able to accommodate a capacity crowd of approximately 4 000 worshippers(musal1ees). The remarkable history of the Mosqhte has been matched by the ambitious aspirations of its upkeepera, the Trustees of the Mosque who have diligently worked to maintain the image of the Mosque and to enhance it activities. Hereunder 1 follows a humble effort to portray the hiotory of the Mosque, bestowing upon it the honour and the respect it deserves. 2

TED3 ORIGINS OF ISLAMIN SOUTH AFRICA Islam was introduced to South Africa with the arrival of the Cape 11 Malays in 1667. However, Muslim influence in Natal dates back to I 1I 1 the development of the sugar industry and the need for a reliable , :I supply for cheap labour. After all efforts to import'labour from 8 the West had failed, a despatch was sent from the Colonial office in Cape Town to India, and on the 16 November 1860 the first batch of nindenturedn Indians arrived aboard the S.S. Tmro - a total I of 391 l'coolies*l ,of which only four were . A total of 152 out of 184 'IindenturedM Indians immigrated to Natal between 1860 and 1911; in terms of a contract binding them to their employers for a period of five years after which time they automatically became "freen. tTreel' Indians had a number of options open to them: a) They could return to India at the expense of the government, or b) They could reindenture for a further period of five years or change employment, and co) Receive a piece of crown land of the value equal to the cost of the return passage to India.

The latter proposal proved most popular. Many of those who changed I 9 employment became artisans, domestic servants, tailors or laundrymen. Others found employment in the municipal, service, whilst th8 others became market gardeners or went into fishing 2 and commerce. .

1. 3. J. Kills: A Study in Urban RenewBl, p. 32 2. Ibid., p.34 The increasing prosperity of the Indian Community resulted in the apsearance of a smaller stream of "passenger" Indians who came to the country under ordinary Immigration Laws and at their own expense, from 1874 onwards. These immigrants were predominantly Muslims who came for the purpose of engaging in trade or serving in commerce. The biggest group was from Kathiawar Swat and Porbander. The majority of the traders spoke Gujerati, but all were conversant with Urdu, the language spoken in local .

ABOOBAKER AMOD JHAVERI (founder of the Juma ~osque) One of the "passengeru Indians was a young 'Muslim, Aboobaker Amod Jhaveri, who had left his native Porbander on the Kathiawad peninsula to join a large business firm in Calcutta; and was 1ater.posted to Mauritius to manage the firm's trkde with the "indenturedn Indians on the island. 3

The Indian population of Natal had grovm to almost 6 000. 4 This created a market for new comodities which the white traders could not supply. Aboobaker was contacted in Mauritius, he went into a partnership with a white trader and arrived in Natal iri 1863 as the first Indian trader, and the first member of a class of Indians who later came to be known as "freem or tvpassenger8Indians as distinct from "indentured" Indians.

3. F. ~eer:Portrait of Indian South Africans, p.17 4. Ibid*, p.n Aboobaker prospered quickly, He not only imported goods, but also found himself exporting a new comtlodity from. Natal, that is fish. His trade grew to such proportions in a few years that it was no longer feasible for it to be handled economically by the usual sea traffic, so he chartered special ships and began his own shipping line between India and Natal. His business enterprise spread to Bombay and Calcuttam5 In 1886 he wrote to the Wragg Commission, "1 import my own merchandise and as it has been bought by my om people and as I have less expenses, I can undersell the white merchants. 6

Aboobakerls euccess attractea other traders from India, mainly from Gu jerat. Memons from Kathiawad and Kutch, SU- Vhoras from Surat, and Hindi clerks from various districts. Aboobaker Is a family had always been associated with business. One member of Aboobakerls family was the Diwan of Porbander, another ran a very prosperous shipping industry,

Aboobaker Jhaveri, after becoming a prosperous merchant in Natal bought a portion of land in Grey. Street, Durban in 1881 for the purpose of building a ~usjid.~Other sites were bought and eventually the entire block facing Cathedral Road, Grey Street and Queen Street was donated to an independent 2rust. Soon after the colifrnct of the first indentures expired, Grey

5. F. Meer: Portrait of Indian South Africans, p.18 6. Wragg Commission Report: Indian Immigration(1885-7),p.75 7. The English ~ord~losque~~is derived from the Arabic word Musjid which mean8 "a place for prostrating oneself in' worshipw. Street began to take on an oriental atmosphere. The majority of shoppers in the areitwere Muslims and the Grey Street complex established itself as the trading centre of Durban. It has since then maintained this feat.

TH6 FIRST JAMAAT KHANNA IN NATAL. (EWAIILISHED IN DURBAN IN 18812 The Juma Musjid or Grey Street Mosque as it is commonly known, is widely accepted as the largest Mosque in the southern hemis- phere. However, during the course of my research I discovered that it is not only the largest in the southern hemisphere, but also the first Mosque to be built in South Africa. Although it has-been mentioned earlier that Islam was first introduced to South Africa by the Cape Malays, it is vital to realise that the Cape Muslims prayed in Jamaat glzannas and not Mosques.

5 This distinction is made more elaborate and understandable in the lines that follow.

The history of the Grey Street Mosque dates back to the early 1880's. In 1881 Mister Aboobaker Amod Jhaveri, together with a close associate kd businessman, Mister Hajee Uahomed, began hegotiating a deal to purchase part of the plot on which the 8 Mosque presently stands from the then owner Mister K. Moonsamy. This deal was successfully concluded and the plot was purchased by Mister Aboobaker Amod Jhaveri for the price of 150 pounds. 9 This sale was registered in the Deeds Office in Pietermariteburg on 15 August 1881. Hence, it can be correctly inferred that the

8. Deed of Transfer, K. Moonsamy to A.A. Jhaveri, 15/8/1881, no. T809/1881, Deeds Office, Pietermaritzburg 9. -Ibid. 6 first two Trustees of the Mosque(Jmaat Khanna) were Aboobaker Amod Jhaveri and Hajee Mahomed.

It is necessary to realise that the building which was used for the purpose of a Mosque after 1881 was not built by Aboobaker Jhaveri. This structure existed on the land when it was purohaeed. Although it was a small brick-mortar structure, it served the purpose of the Muslim community which was relatively small at that time(1880's).

The existing structure was not a Mosque in the proper eenee of the word. It was attJmaat Khannaw which served the purpose of a ~osque(~usjid).Structurally a Jamaat Khanna is small, usually & being a simple building whereas a Mosque is,,much larger building 1' ri with elaborate domes, and arches. A Mosque is used for all religious activities including marriage ceremonies and meetings; whereas a Jamaat Klianna is used essentially for obligatory prayers(Sa1aat ) . Purthermore, there is no person specially 'appointed to lead prayers in a Jamaat Kha.nna; whereas in a Mosque an ~maarn(priest)is appointed to lead and to super- vise over all religious activities be $hey obligatory or optional.

In the light of this distinction it is necessary for our under- I standing to refer to this4tMosque" as a Jamaat Khanna until the year 1884; because it was only in 1884 tkat the Gres Street 1 Mosque was built.

This Jamaat Khanna was able to accommodate 48 prayer mats

(musallahs).1° At this stage the Wslim community was relatively small, however,the Jamaat Khanna proved to be the hub or nuoleus of all Muslim activity in Durban. Marriage ceremonies took place in this Jamaat Khanna, and Muslims together vrith other interested persons often gathered in and around the Jamaat manna to hold discussions relating to political, social and economic issues. It is significant to note that the Jamaat manna has been the centre of activity since its inception and today, as the Juma Musjid, it still enjoys this position.

At this stage there was no qualified Imaam to lead the congregational * prayers in this Jamaat Khanna,therefore the most leabed and pious from amongst the congregation, led the prayers. Muslims maintained a strong Islamio identity and way of life, since sincerity and piety is a primary concern for Muslims. The Jamaat Khanna was very well patronized by the small Muslim community in Durban. The affairs of this Jamaat Khanna was very ably administered by the two Trustees, Mister Aboobalcer Jhaveri and Hajee Mahomed although they were full-time business- men.

By 1884 the Muslim community began to increase and the need arose for the present Jamaat Khanna to be either extended or

10. IntezvLew: A. Khatib, Durban, 16/6/85 demolished and rebuilt. Hereafter it was decided to demolish the existing Jamaat-Khanna and plans for the first losque proper were dravm.

THE GREY STREET IIIOSQUE (Established in 1884). In I884 the Jamaat-Khanna was demolished and the first Dlosque in South Africa was built.'' This st~v.otureWas started and completed in 18a4. From this point onwards we shall refer to the Mosque as the "Grey Street filosqueu until I916 when it was officially named the "Jurna IWs jid (Kosque) TrustH.

According to Hodney Harbour the Grey Street Mosque could accomodat e 200 prayer mats (musallahs) .I* This is sufficient proof of the growing number of h'lslims in Durban. The Grey Street nlosque was built to serve the Muslim community which was steadily increasing. Although this Mosque was not very elaborate in design and did not have tall minarets, huge Domes, or any features identifying it with Islamic Architecture it can be classified as a LTosque. This is so because suPficient finznces were not available to build the Mosque elaborately in conf ormetion to Islamic krchit ect;re all over the world.

This Mosque was patronized five times a day for compulsory

11. Sunday Tribune:"Where Thousands Are Called To Prayer, 6 April'l 12. R. Harbour: "An Islamic Centre", unpublished,Bachelor of Architecture, -Durban, 1965. 9 congretational prayere (I. Fijr- sunrise 2. Zohr- midday 3. Asr- afternoon 4.Maghrib- sunset 5. Esha- evening. ) Apart from this other religious functions together with marriage ceremonies were held ; toilet and ab1.ution facilities were provided and a permanent Imam was employed by the Tmstees to lead the prayers. Therefore it was evident that this was indeed a MOSQUE in purpose and f'unckion. It lacked:. only in Islamic Arcl~iteuturaldesigning. This as has been explained above was the result of insufficient monetry funds. Nevertheless the Mosque and its affairs progresaad rapidly in the yeara to, follow. The man largely responsible for this rapid progress was Mister Aboobaker Amod Jhaveri. However in August 1887 Aboobaker left for India on a business trip. Whilst in India . he contacted Cholera and subsequently died. I3 Hereafter, it

I is significan.1; to note that progress in Mosque affairs had slowed down considerably. The Mosque that was built in 1884 was done so with funds that came mainly from Aboobaker himself. His death came as a blow not only to the Muslim fraternity but also to the entire Community of Durban, both Black and White. He was a well known businessmm and his death was deeply regretted-. However he is remembered as the founder of the first Mosque in South Africa that was later to become the largeat in the Southern Hemisphere.

3 Archives: Deceased Eetates, Pile Number 1001-3, I887 EXPANSION OF MOSQUE PROPERTY The next six years that followed the death of Aboobaker Amod Jhaveri saw little or no significant development in the losque. But from 1889 onwards progresa was made. After Aboobakerls death Mister Hajee Mahomed continued as a Truefee of the Gmy

Street MbaqUe an8 in I899 the Estate of Aboobaker hod Jhaveri negotiated a deal with John Dales to purchase Lot D off Block BB. for 220 pounds. This purchase was registered in the Deeds Office in Pietermariteburg on 8 April 1889.'~ (Refer to Appendix). This piece of land was later transfered to the Juma Musjid (losque) Trust in 1929. A year later Mister Hajee. Mahomed negotiated a deal with John Stanger to purchase Lot. B of Block BB for 300 pounds. This sale was registered in the Deeds Offioe in Pietermaritzburg on 25 January 1890. I5 +

By 1903. with the increasing population of the Muslim Community the Grey Street Mosque was proving to be too small. In I903 plans were drawn up to extend this Mosque. In December I903 the Mosque was extended and could accommodate 320 prqer mats. I6 I think it is significant to note that according to Rodney Harbour the Mosque could accommodate 320 mats, but I feel it could accommodate approximately 400 worshippers because during peak prayer periods worshippers were often aqueezed in the loaque.

14. Deed of Transfer: John Dales to Estate of A.A.Jhaveri, 8/4/I889 Number 489/I809, Deeds Office, Pietemaritzburg 15. Deed of Transfer: John Stanger to Halee Mahorned, 25/I/1890, Number T550/I889, Deed Office, Pietemaritzburg 16. R. Hanhur: "An Islamic Centrew, Unpublished, Bachelor of Architecture, University of Natal-Durban, I965 ,

As a result more than one person stood on a single prayer mat. (Approximately 3 peraons are able to stand on 2 prayer mats. )

One of the features of the extension of the Mosque in I903 I7 was a minaret. This minaret ia still in existence today. It is above the Grey Street entranoe to the Mosque. (Refer to illustration below and illustration on page 11. )

The Mosque was becoming more Islamically orientated in its architecture. In I905 another minaret was constructed and the Mosque was given a tI-~eIslamic identity. I8

17. Architectural Library: Architectural Plans, 1903, University of Natal-Durban 18. Architectural Library: Architectural Plans, 1903, university of Nat al-Durban I' In I905 the Mosque was amongst the tallest of buildings in

Durban and could be seen from great distances. At this stage the Trustees decided to build revenue-earning shops around the Mosque facing the streets such that the financial burdens of the Mosque might be lessened. It is significant to note that the Grey Street Mosque has elways been associated with trade eversince it's roots. This correlation between trade and the Grey Street Mosque will be discussed later in this project,

As far as the extension campaign of the Moeque was concerned we notice it was far from over. However I916 is a very significant year in the history of the Grey Street nlbsque. The first Constitution of the Mosque was drawn up and the following Trustees were elected. I9. I. Hajee b1ahomed Dada I 2. Moosa Hajee Cassim

3. Abdoola Hajee Cassim I 4. Omar Amod 5. Joosab Jan Mahomed 6. Tayob Hajee Khan Mahomed Apart from this the Mosque was renamed by these Trustees as the llJwna Mus jid Trustll. ( *Friday Mosque Trust". Friday is the holiest day on the Muslim Calendar in view of this the Iriosque was named the "Juma Mu6 jid Trust".

19. Archives: Deceased Estates, File number 1001-3 ( Trust Deed), I916 . In January I927 'plans for further expansion of the Mosque vre& submitted to the Durban City Council for passing by "Payna and

Paynet' a Durban firm of architects. 20 Properties facing Grey and Queen Streets including the minaret on Shop!, I57 Grey Street were demolished except for the original minaret that is situated at the entrance of the Mosque in Grey Street. 21 Another minaret was planned to replace the demolish one. Work on this site was completed in 1928. Hereafter the next major expansion the Mosque underwent was that in 1943. 22 The entire building was rebuilt with the exception of the first minaret built in 1903. This minaret still exists today.

THE PRESENT BUILDING (ESTABLISHED IN 1943) This new building still exists today. It has two minarets * overlooking the crowded Grey Street Indian area. The Mosque is completely enclosed by the revenue-earning buildings which support it. The building ie a large plastered etructure. As far as it's architecture is concerned we notice that it representa .a mixture of styles. (Refer t,b fllustration Number I.oa page15:). The ablution chamber is dominated by a digh marble fountain in a pool surrounded by seats on marble stande.(See illustration number 2 on page 15). Each seat has a hot and cold water mixture for ablution. The pool is specially lighted and i:

20. Architectural Library: Architectural Plans, 1927, Universit~ - of Natal-Durban 21. ibid. 22. =ay Tribune: nNaw Look for Durban hlosque", 24 February 1963

contains large gold fish. There are 40 seats around this pond. Apart from this there is a second ablution area on.the 'first floor which accommodates 30 people.(See illustration number 3).

Illustration Number 3(above)-~blutionArea-First Floor In the case of the pond(il1ustration number 2) there was a major drawback in that there was no proper circulation of . water. This resulted in unhygienic conditions. However this problem was overcome in ~uly(1985) when a sophisticated filtering plant was installed. The actual Mosque only forme part of the

complex. The Mosque is patronized daily by Mu'6lims in and around the Central Business District. The Mosque can accommodate approximately 4000 worshippers and about 6000 on special occasions. During the Eid Festivals extra provisions are made for worshippers in the vacant areas around the Mosque and in the courtyard that exists in the centre of the Mosque complex, as well as on the Mosque roof. Muslims who visit the Mosque on Friday are priviledged as far as the parking facilities are concerned. The Juma Mosque Trusthas made arrangements for Queen Street to be closed during the midday prayer. Aacording to Mister A.G.IChan(Trustee of Juma ~osque)who was instrumental in having this parking concession granted by the

Durban City Council, the Juma Mosque Trust is the only Mosque in the world where a street is closed to accommodate parking facilities for worshippers. This occurs very frequently in an Islamic country but has never occurred in any y~-Ialamic country. The Juma Mosque Trust is the one unique oase where parking facilities are provided for worshippers.

I have until this point explained and highlighted the rapid transition of the Mosque from I881 until 1943, when the pres&t structure was built. The only major alterations made to this building ia; the installation of a filtering plant in the Pondi, (ablution area) in July 1985; a new ablution area,and a Primary School and Madressa was established in 1957 and proper provisions ' were made for female worshippers above the new ablution area. (See illustration number 4 and 5 on page 18).

I shall now proceed to discuss other historical contributions and activities of the Mosque under relevant headings.

I9

ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE JUhlA MOSQUE ( TEADE ) The Juma Mosque has been associated with trade evecsince it was built in 1884 on land donated by Aboobaker Amod Jhaveri who is believed to have been the first Muslim trader to have arrived in Natal.

The Juma Mosque has s large piece of vacant ground in the centre of the Complex which was initially a market where various products were sold to the public. Proof of the market stalls are the patches of earth wherein poles were glaced to support the shelters. ( See illustration number 6-below)

b A Illustration number 6 (above) - Courtyard in the centre of the Mosque Complex. ) 1

However, as competition grew stall-owners began moving their stalls closer to the street in order to attract customers and to make their stalls more accessible. Soon Indians began displaying their goods on the streets on either side'of th6 Mosque. Since Indians were relatively uneducated most of themealeed out a living from selling fresh produce.and other goods on the streets. As the numbers of these "traders" grew, Queen Street was virtually cloeed to traffic in the mornings. This so-callednmarket" was eventually called the wsquatterts marketvv.23(see illustration number 7)

1ndi.n Mark.r - 1929. Tht market gardenen brought their Iresh produce and 1qv8rtad on th. street. I 1.~~~~~~1~clo.=d co trafir: hence "Squ~tlerr Market." L v

Illustration number 7 (above)

Fresh produce together with other wares were displayed and sold

,,' to the public. These "squatter tradersv1were patronized bjr

23. Interview: A.G. Khan, Durban, 2i;/5/85 both blacks and whites. Amonst other goods, Indian spices and other mixtures that were not available in white-owned shops r were sold here.

However, we notice that this "squattercs marketw was subsequently moved to Victoria Street and was called the llMorning Marketw because it was open only until 11 a.m. 24 This market was then

8 a moved to where the present Indian market is. hherefore we notice that this close link the Juma blosque maintains with trade seems to be traditional.

The Mosque is presently completely surrounded by about 80 shops, a Maddressa(Is1amic vernacular school), a primary school, flats

and offices.al1 of which are part of the Jwna Mosque complex * and administered by the Juma Musjid Trust.

- MADDRESSA ARCADE The Maddressa Arcade is one of the most frequented shopping . arcades in Durban. It is an open arcade flanked by small but interesting shops with offices on the first floor. It has an enticing bend halfway dovm its length which attracts one in to find out what the rest of the arcade has to offer.

The Arcade is full of commercial atmosphere created'by the variety of shops and signs.(see illustration no.8;on page 22).

24. Interview: A.G. Khan, Durban, 26/5/85 (Illustration no.8 - Maddressa Arcade)

Y One is aware of the constant stream of pedestrians flowing through or passing the shop windows. There is also less dense pedestrian traffic on the openbalconies above. Various offices are to found on the first floor, together with the offices of

I the **IslamicPropagation Centre1'.

This Arcade is very interesting in that it maintains the

atmosphere of and resembles an eastern bazaar.

THE JUMA hDSJID TRUST GOVERNMENT-UDED INDIAN GIRL'S(~P.ADRRESSA)

SCHOOL The Juma Mosque is not only a place where the faithful gather to pray, but the Trust is also instmental in attending. to Islamic and school education, 'Phis school was officially opened on 9 March 1957 by the then Administrator of Natal Mister D.G. Shepstone. The architects were Dirksten and Qlumenfield; and the building contractor was Mister M,R. Mistry, This school has a rot1 of 393 pupils while the Maddressa has a roll of 305 Pupils come from all over Durban so that they may attend the Maddressa and since many parents work in the Central Business District it is convenient to drop pupils off at the Maddressa-school.

Muslim education runs parallel with secular education. This Muslim-owned government-aided school, primary education aims at the physical, intellectual, emotional and social development of the individual, but over and above this the Muslim child. is taught to cope with daily problems that may confront him; * through a solid foundation in the culture, tradition and heritage of Islam. Subjects like Urdu, ArabPc, Islamic History and Quan reading are taught in the Maddressa together with

Islamic ethical, cultural and moral behaviour.

* This school is partially subsidised by the state while it is mainly subsidised by the Juma Mus jid Trust. The salaries of teachers are paid by the Btate and each student is given an annual subsidy of twelve rands. 26 The Juma Musjid Trust spends approximately R40 000 annually for the running of this Maddressa- The school is also used as a venue for lectures, adult

25. Interview: F.I. Loonat(Maddressa principal) ,Durban, 14/8/85 26. Interview: A.G. Khan, Durban, 26/5/85 27. Ibid. . Islamic education and meetings. Although the school initially catered only for the education of girls, it is now a fully- fledged co-education school. .

The secular primary school operates between 8 a.m. and 1.45 p.m.

for infants, 2nd 2.00p.m. for older pupils. The Maddressa operates from 2.30 p.m. to 4.00 p.m. As far as the recreational facilities in the school are concerned, it is necessary to bear in mind thib2;the school is in the Central Business District and a.s such there is little or no space available to accommodate any extra-curricular activities. However, pupils play basketbdl on the large roof of the Kosque adparticipate in v organised activities in the multi-purpose hall of the school. Incidentally, the school building is the highest in the Idosque complex with the exception of the minarets. The school h~s three floors. (Refer to illust. no. I0 for view of basketball pitch( on Mosque rooftop and illust. no. I1 for view of classroom. )

The present principal of the school is Mrs. A. Naidoo and there are seventeen staff members employed in the primary school; ad ten teLlchersin the Maddressa. The principal is Mrs. P.I. Loonat, (Xaddressa). Illustration no.9 shov?s a view of the entrance of the school.

Illustration no. 9 (Illustration No. I0 (above)-~asketbsllpitch on Mosque rooftop)

i

(Illustration No. I1 (below)-View of classroom) ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE As far as the architecture of the Juma Mosque Complex is concerned we notice that it ia unique in that it is the only complex in Southern Africa which contains a Mosque, shops, flats, offices and a school all in one structure; while at the same time it maintains its Eastern atmosphere and Islamic architecture which is typical of Islamic architecture around the world.

A matter of primary importance when planning a Mosque is "maximum acc~mmodation~~.By this I mean, every effort should be made to faoilitate as many worshippers as possible. Since Muslims all over the world face the Kibla(the Holy ~a'aba(~hrine) in Mecca) when praying, they generally asemble in straight lines in a Mosque. 28 Therefore the rectangular or square form * of building is most suited for this purpose.

The simple rectangular form of building as in the case of the Juma Mosque has since become sgnonomous withlosque architecture. The Juma Mosque represents a mixture of styles; and since it stands out as a master piece of Islamic architecture in Southern Africa it has become a major tourist attraction in Durban. There are two minarets situated on the commercial boundary of the ~osque,( along Grey street ) . Cbe is in .a prominent position abo,ve the shop on the corner of Grey and Queen" Streets, and the other is above the entrance arbhway to the Mosque in Grey Street.

28. Every Muslim faces the Hoxv ~a'aba(Shrine)in Mecca tihen praying regardless of whwe he is. The use of marble stone is aymbolic of Mosque architecture. The seats that surround the pond for ablution have .marble stands and the concave Mihrab(p1ace where Prieat stands to lead prayers)

is also built with marble ' in the Kibla Wall (refer to illust. no. 12). Tall arched windows provide southlighting( see illust. no. 13), but only high level windows are provided on the Kibla Wall (see illust. no. 12) to avoid distraction. This - simplicity expresses the strict interpretation of the Islamic faith. 1

L (Illustration No. 12- View of Kibla wall ) -(above) 28

,, , , However it must be stressed that the beauty of this Mosque Complex is steadily being marred by the persisting urban expansion aroundit; and also by the conditions that prevail in the Mosque

Complex itself. These problems are dealt with in greater detail later in this project.

THE JUMA NOSQUE AND THE ZANZIBAREE SLAVES. Apart from Indians many other lluslims entered South Africa . They include the Zanzibarees, Urdu speaking Rluslims from Eauritius and East-Africa, Tamil speaking Nuslims from Ceylon and a sprinkling from Bombay, Egypt, Turkey and ~ndonesia.29 However the group that most significantly affects the Juma Mosque Trust is the Zanzibarees.

& The Zanzibarees were a group of African Nuslims

29. S.J.Mills: A study inurban Renewal, p.36 30. Ibid. 31. -view: A. G.Khan, Durban, 26/5/85 29

Empire in 1893. This is very significant because the slave trading ship that was carrying these Zanzibarees was intercepted by a British naval vessel AFTER slavery was abolished in the British Empire in 1893. Therefore on these grounds I disagree with S.J.Mills that the;Zanzibarees arrived in Durban in 1873. Although a precise date is not known when exactly the Zanzibarees arrived in Durban I think it will suffice to estimate their arrival in Durban around 1895.

These Zanzibarees were amongst a group of other slaves who were on their way for sale to other parts of the world. After thie slave ship was intercepted by the British Naval ship all its passengers were brought to Durban.since it was the * nearest port under British influence. C

The Durban harbour authorities knew the Grey Street Mosque Trust

and consequently consulted them to aid in accomodating ' these Zanzibarees who were Muslims.They numbered approximately eighty. 32 Some had small families with them. The Grey Street

% Mosque Trust as it was known then purchased a site on the Bluff to accomodate these Zanzibarees. These families paid minor sums of money to the Grey Street Mosque Trust in the form of rentals. This was done not to reap profits, but to ensure that the property remains in the control and jurisdiction of $he Grey Street Mosque Trust.

Interviewr A.G.Khan, ~urban,26/5/85 30

This site was approximately 20 acres in extent .33 On this site a small Mosque was built fur the 2anzibarees.together with

a Maddressa (Ielamic Vernacular School). The Grey Street Noague mbsidised and aided these Zanzibarees in every possible way..

However when the Group Areas Act was passed in 1950, the site owned by the Grey Street Mosque Trust was declared a Yhite Area, among others. Hereafter the Mosque Trust had to sell the major part of the plot partly to the state and partly to the Durban City council. 34 The Mosque retained about 3 acres of the original 20 odd ~mres.~~Hereafter all the Zanzibarees had to be moved away from the Bluff, and settled in Chatsworth.

Y It is significant to note that although the Zanzibarees were C Africans they were allowed to settle in Chatsworth which is essentially an Indian area. Again this was achieved through representatives of the Juma Mosque Trust. But %tmust be mentioned that the man behind the entire scheme was Mr. A.G.Khan.

. These efforts were undertaken by Mr. A.G.Khan together with MR.A.B.Moosa in their capacities as Trustees of the Juma Mosgue, with the intention of averting a situation where these Zanzibarees

might be sent to reside in an African Location. (A$ a matter ? of fact these Zanzibarees were already classified as Africans and were subjected to the Pass Laws. Measures were alao underway to accomodate them in Kwa-lashu).In such an event the Zanzibarees were in danger of losing their Muslim Identity. With this in mind Vz. A.G.Khan and Mr. A.B.Moosa (late) on behalf of the Jwna hlosque were mccessful in having having the Zanzibaretrs reclassified as "Asiatics Others" j6 Hereafter the Juma Mosque Trust paid an initial deposit of R7 500 for 150 homes for the ,. Zanzibaree families that were forced to move from the Bluff and reside in Chatsworth. (Illustration no. 14 is a view of a Zanzibaree home in Chatsworth, Unit 2)

(Illustration no. 14 - view of a Zanzibaree home)

A Mosque was also built for the Zanzibarees in Chatsworth, Unit 2 by the Juma Mosque Trust at a total cost of approximately RlOO 000. (See page 32 - different views of the Mosque built by Juma Mosque Trust for ~anzibarees'andillus. no.15 on page 33)

36. ~nterview:A.G. Khan, Durban, 26/5/85

(Illustration no.15 - view of ablution area of Zanzibaree Mosque in Unit 2, Chat sworth)

- KING'S REST ~IOSQUE(BLUFF) In the meantime the small Mosque that was built on the Bluff for the Zanzibarees was extended and the remainder of the 3 acres

was occupied by a cemetry. The Mosque, was completely renovated

at the expense of the Juma Mosque Trust, and a permanent Imaam

(leader of congregational prayers) was appoiqted. The Mosque

was named the "King's Rest Mosque" and is part of the Juma

Mosque Trust. The general upkeep of this blosque and cemetry

together with the Mosque built for the Zanzibarees in Unit 2 is undertaken by the Juma Mosque Trust.(Illus.no.l6 on page 34

is hew of the King's Rest Mosque on the luff). The present (Illus. no.. 16 - a view of King's Rest ~osque) Imaam of the King's Rest Mosque is &lister Yohib Mohamed(eee illus, no, 17+below), He was born in 1925 on the Bluff. Hie 3 5

father Hajjee Mahomed Ally Metedad was the Imaam of this Mosque before he was succeeded by his son, Mister Yohib Mahomed. Mister Metedad was one of the children aboard the elave trading ship that came to Durban in the mid-=1890's. He subsequently died on 6 November 1970 and is buried in the cemetry adjacent to the Mosque building as illustrated in illustration no.16 on page 34.

The Mosque on the Bluff (King' sR'e;st ~osque) at present accommodates about 150 worshippers. It has an ablution area that accommodates 9 people .at a time. Each seat has a hot and cold mixer. Since the Mosque is in a white area it is mainly patronized by visitors and residents from Wentworth, Clairwood and Malays. The cemetry is still used today 'for the burial of the Zanziba- t rees. (Below are illustrations of the interior of the Mosque and the adjacent cemetry, respectively. ) CENTENARY CELEBRATIONS OF JUMA MOSQUE-1969 The Juma Moeque held its centenary aelebratione ln.1969. This was calculated according to the Islamic lunar calender which differs from the conventional;..,aalen&er.This centenary celebrations had taken the form of lecturee, religious playe and prayer services.

The Durban City Council decorated parts of Cathedral Road, Queen Street and Grey Street near the Mosque with aoloured lights. The mayor of Durban in 1969, Mister Trevor Warman was accompanied to the Mosque by his chaplain to pay a courte.ay visit, on 14 November 1969. He addressed the congregation immediately after the midday prayers. The Juma Mosque according to-the conventional calender is at present 105 years old. b I,

JUMA MOSQUE AS A TOURIST ATTRACTION The Juma Mosque, being the largest of its kind in the southern hemisphere has become one of the foaal points for overseas and

local tourists to Durban over .the years. (Illustration no. 18 & 19

1 shows a tour guide explaiag certain aspects of the Mosque's history to a group of tourists) (Illustration no.19 - Tourists and tour guide)

Since the early 1800's the Mosque has grown in size and together with donations from the Muslim Community coupled with incomidg revenue from the Mosque complex, the entire area has become a tourist attraction. The Juma Mosque has been growing eversince its establishment. Plans are under way to extend the presant structure. A new R10 000 000 block is being planed'as a self- * contained ultr-modern shopping centre facing Grey Street, Queen Street and Cathedral Road.

Approximately 25 000 tourists visit the Juma Mosque annually. Every day the Grey Street Mosque is visited by an endless stream of visitors and tourists. They are welcomed and accompanied by guides who co-ordinate their visits through the Mosque. They are given explanation about Islam and the general history of the Mosque. They are issued with, pahphlets and brochures which provide tourists with a more detailed understanding of the Jurua Mosque and its significance in relation to Islam.

CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES OF THE JUMA MOSQUE The Juma Mosque is widely hown for its charitable activities. Some of the contributions made by the Juma Mosque include(as already mentioned), the building of a Mosque on the Bluff(the King's Rest ~osque),and a Mosque in Chatsworth, Unit 2 for the ~Gzibarees. Apart from this they also provided housing for the Zanzibarees after they were vacated from the Bluff as a result of the Group Areas Act of 1950. All the expenses for these projects were borne by the Juma Mosque Trust. Among other contributions the Juma Mosque Trust a180 made various

contributions to charity organisations in Africa for mal- 4 nutri-bioned victims and to the freedom fighters(Mujahideen) in Afghanistan. Worshippers who visit the Mosque also contr~but9 e generously to the .needy, poor and deetitu-be. In the photo below the poor and needy all sit at the Queen Street antrance of the Mosqye anxiously awaiting whatever alms they may get from Muslims. 1' In the photograph below we see a collection being made for the construction of a Mosque in Inanda. More significbtly, the Juma Mosque was inatmental in carrying out a campaign to collect monies for the unrest victim in Phoenix and Inanda which arose as a result of the declaration of a State of Emergency in certain: areas in South Africa. Therefore we notice that the Juma Mosque Trust pleys a dominant role in , , the charitable sphere of society.

CIRCULATORY PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE ,MOSQUE Although the Juma Mosque has great historical significance and is often considered to be a masterpiece in South African Islamic architecture; there are certain serious circulatory problems related to the Mosque. The efficient functioning of any Mosque during peak prayer periods depends on the quick and easy transfer of large volu?$es of people from one place to another(that is, from the ablution area to the praying area of the ~osque). I As far as the movement paths to the Mosque are concerned, the strongest approach is from Queen Street because of'the availabilty of parking especially on Fridays and because the flow of pedestrian traffic is lee8 dense on Queen Street as compared to Grey Street. Therefore this facilitates easier access for the worshippers %hroup;h';therQueen Street entrance. This strong movement path together with those from Cathedral Road and Maddressa Arcade result in heavy usage of the limited western shoe removal space.(See photo be1ow)and old ablution area

However, this problem mainly arises during the Friday midday prayers md special ocassions like the Eid Festival and during the month of Fasting(Ramadaan). The old ablution area( see ilLustration no. 2 on page 15) is inaccessible in that it haanpers the efficient and even flow of worshippers to and from the ablution area. People moving to and from the ablution area inevitably disturb those who are already engaged in prayer since the old ablution area is parallel to the sanctuary of , the Mosque.(see illustration below)

However, the inacceseibility of the old ablution area has been recently overcome with the construction of the new ablution area(see illustration below) 42

I However, this new ablution &ea seems to have created other circulatory problems. It cuts off the flow of traffic of worshippers from the Grey Street entrance to the toilets and such worshippers wanting to use the toilets have to carry their shoes over the new ablution area and then put them on again before entering the toilets.(see photograph below)

The approach from Cathedral Road is a very minor approach catering for a few shopmrkers, flat-dwellers and school- children. It is relatively close to the Queen Street entrance, but it is very narrow(approximately 900mrn wide), poorly-lit and has a dangerous and uneven surface.

The approach from Maddressa Arcade via the courtyard is also a minor approach. This route is used by female worshippers en-route to the female sanctuary which is above the new ablution area. Since females are using this entrance more attention ought to be paid towards making it a safer approach. 43

I' F'UTURE PLANS FOR THE JUMA MOSQUE In addition to the newly completed ablution area wd female sanctuary, nore plans are underway for the improvement of the Juma Mosque complex, The plans are of such a nature that once implemented, the exksting circulatory problems would be overcome. The new RlOm project makes provision for the construction of shops on the first and second floors and a community centre on the third floor which would serve as venues for weddings and receptions. Above the community cen%re will be a number of air-conditioned flats for commercial premises, served by high speed lifts, This new complex is expected to provide an income of approximatelyR1 000 000 a year, which will be used to further Islamic teaching6 in South Africa. 37 b

However, according to the article published in thetaPosttt (23/8/85), Mister A.G. Khan stated that these plans are to be temporarily delayed until the economic difficulties of South . Africa which are currently being experienced, are relaxed. (Refer to page 44 for article).

37. 1nterview: A. G. Khan, Durban, 26/5/85 FOCUS ON GREY STREET.'^""^" , -.

1

complex plan shelved.I ' By Khalll AnlU - , ~ngplace with ~udi~mbh authorities .and certnln PLANS to bdd a mulu-wn hopping corn- Mum ladem the fmce,for ~dectwu i plex around the Grey Street Mosque, the largest In the mdlly avPllable- 'rwthern hemisphere, have been rhlved r at +t for He said. the Ludl authorltie~we& prepared to I tbe tlme bein give 110 mlIlIo11 for the project ~hlswudllaclosedto~at~sweekbyhlrAG hlr Khan add when the pro)ect was eventually com- Khan, one of the trust- of the mosque. Be sald pleted, the new look mosque would Include 2O flwm the recessloa was the main reason why the project facing Queen Street and another 2O flwm facing the bdto be ptponed for an Indefinite puiod. arcade. "We were .II set to get off the ground lad an U- "WUe a lot of alteration and additions will ,take tlat'r lmpnrslon wan ahdram to how how the place around the mosque, the orlglnal facede of the rnaque lad lboppln# complex would look ooce corn- mosque will not be altered or In an ay modlLied." plete But then we were hlt hnrd with the meadon Aecordlng to Mr Khao, the bxdlog uoe will oc- .rd oar plans crumbled," he add. cupy 6000 square metred and wlll be bounded by 1 HoweveF, Mr Khan add wgotlntlom have been tek- Queen ShfGrey Street and Cathedral Road. CONCLUSION

That the Juma Mosque had earned its permanent place in the

annals of history is an indis,~utable fact. Its greatness P is borne out not only by its refined dignified structure with its scintillating minarets and intricate network of design and detail of its interior, but also the tremendous advancements made since its inception, Its colourful history has assured it world-wide fame, honour and dignity,

'.+ '.+ ....

To the dull and dreary, who lack a keen sense of beauty the Juma Mosque is just another reminder of the past, but to the sentimental aesthetic who appreciat true beauty, it is the embodiment of architectural beauty and elegance. Boasting a remarkable, history which has spanned over I0 decades, the Juma IfIosque has achieved a monumental success unparalled by any other Mosque in South Africa,

.The Juma Mosque ows its greatness to those bho maintained its beautiful edifice by adorning it and keeping up its

% demmding standards, This speaks volumes of their love, diligence and dedication of preserving the colossal status of the most famous landmark in Durban's Central Business District. Failure on my part to acknowledge the greatness of the Iviosque would be tantamount to an act of gross injustice and betrayal.

Exuding envious beauty, grace and elegance, covering a huge area and serving a multi-purpose, the Grey Street Mosque as it is more commonly hown, was, is and will mntinue to invoke awe, ecstacy and wonder in the receptive hearts of the millions of tourists who flock to the Nosque to grace this impressive structure with their presence in

I'

, the, hope of sharing in some of its greatness.

Transcript of part of an interview between Mister A.G. Khan and Mister Osman A.R. Sema. (Durban, 26/5/85).

Osman: When were you officially appointed as a Trustee of the Juma Mosque? lf~rKhan: I was official1 appointed as a Trustee of the Juma hlosque in 1950. But I was involved in I\losque affairs before this. I am serving as a Trustee of the Juma Mosque >3iefsince 1950. I am also the oldest Trustee of the Mosque. Osman: How old is the present Ivlosque building? Mr Khan: The present building was built in I943& But this building was renovated many times and extended. Recently a new Wudukhanna was built and we have made provisions to accommodate females above this. Osman: Where did the finances for the project in I943 come from?

Kr Khan: The funds mostly came from the Muslim congregation in the form of donations and the rest came from profits of Trust assets.

% Osman: Are the rentals from the Mosque complex sufficient

to meet the financial overheads of the Mosque?

Mr Khan: The Mosque affairs are run by the profits from Mosque

!$ assets. In fact the Mosque has always been associated trade. In the late 19201s the Mosque used to be flanked by the Squatters,Market. This market was then moved to Victoria Street befor it was shifted to where it is today. The market in Victoria Street was called the tiMorning Markettt because it was open &ti1 II am

only. .. Osman: According to an article published in the "Daily Newsw dated 1/7/67; wherein the Juma MosQue Trust asked tk Durban. City Council to allow a temporary structure it<. erected to serve as a Mosque for the Zanzibarees im the Unit 2-Chatsworth housing scheme to remain until it builds a Mosque in the area. What is the relationship between the ~umaMosque Trust and the Zanzibarees, and how did the responsibility to accommodate these people come to rest upon the Juma Mosque Trust? Mr Khan: The Juma Mosque did not get involved with the Zan~ibarees in 1967, it was much earlier than this. The Zanzibaree

Muslims originally uame to South Africa in the mid 18908s. They were slaves being taken over to the United States and other parts of the world. The British Government had at that time passed a legislation annulling slavery. Therefore one of the British Naval ships intercepted this slave trading ship on which the Zmzibarees were. Since Durban was the nearest port and was part of the British Empire, they were left in Durban. The Durban Harbour authorities

knew the Grey Street Mosque Trust and uontacted them. r There were about 80 Zanzibarees aboard this ship. Some had small families with them . The Grey Street Mosque housed them on the Bluff at the expense of the Grey Street Mosque Trust. The property was owned by the Trust. A Mosque was built for these Zanzibarees which still exists today. But when the Group Areas Act was passed thcise people had to be moved to Chatsworth i under great difficulty. Before a Mosque was built for 1 them a temporary structure was erected. This is the structure which is referred to in the newspaperarticle you spoke about. Later a Mosque was built for them by the Trust at a total expense of RIOO 000. Housing was arranged for them by the Trust. A deposit of R7 500 was paid for 250 homes by the Trust. Osman: The Zanzibarees were moved from the Bluff because of the Group Areas Act. How then were they allowed to settle in Chat sworth? Mr Khan: The Zanzibarees were Africans but they were Muslims first, and we were afraid that if they were moved to Kwa Mashu they will lose their hbslim identity. The late Mister A.B. ACoosa and myself had many meetings with the City Council in this regard. Eventually amid great difficulties we manage to get these Zanzibarees reclassified as ?Asiatius-Others". Osman: Was the Mosque itself affected in any way by the Group Areas Act? Mr Khan: No. Infact the Juma Mosque is one of the oldest buildings in Grey Street and it was partly responsible fol the Grey Street area being declared an Indian area.

The only problem the Trust had with the Group Areas ' Act was in connection with the Zanzibarees on the Bluff. Osman: As far as the City Council is concerned,did you at any stage receive any opposition from them regarding blosque activities in the C.B.D? Mr Khan: No. The Trust has always had and still has a very good relationship with the City Council. Osman: Can you comment on the parking facilities on Fridays? Mr Khan: I was mainly responsible for this arrangement. Nowhere in the world is there such a case where a street is closed to accommodate I~~uslims.This is only found in lsl&ically ruled countries. Osman: Is the Girls School subsidised by the state? blr Khan: It was called the Girls School. It is now a normal primary school. It is subsidised by the state only to a certain extent. The salaries of teachers in the school are paid by the state and each student is given a R12 subsidy annually. It costs the Trust about 'R40 000 a year to run the school. Osman: How old is the Mosque? Mr Khan: According to the secular calendar the Mosque is at present I05 years old. But the Mosque celebrated its Centenary in 1969. This was calculated according to the Islamic Lunar Calendar. Osman: The Grey Street Mosque is regarded as a tourist attraction. How manytourist visit the Mosque? Mr Khan: Approximately 25 000 tourists visit the hlosque . . . annually. In fact there are touriits everyday in . .,, ... the Mosque. Every Thursday a bus ,.l,oad,of tourists ,,..;..*$...;,.'.. . ,.:, ,.-., . . . . visit the Mosque. These include school students and local visitors.

, . a . . . . ,.. ( The interview continues ) ....'

1 :....-----.-L-,...- m... - .... - .- 3 I

4 '-6o ,. fJ8bl I cb . .. I.. a, - n rr 7f8b~ * ed - I I I ~I//;!,"T ~""'""1'.1/,/, ;'"(,

/B.IO~,1910 ./;I .I~II~~K ?I? J) 1/!1t1,1lr :II// ,JI LII,I i ,>I? '/~,I~I~~~~:I.I~~T~I.,~~~:~~,~

( 1" SICIflFlfI ,#TO (IN Ir fiINO(7 5'11 I/,% -...... ]uuij3ra~1'~!I>S~LO#IJ UII~ZI~(I do a ( ~~ISIID~D~) ioii~n~ayl3qOoi)\) $ S?--i)]-. b]S3, ayl~';)~ - SLCI)I~~~X) a y.1 do .\ o 3\1)1- jpqaq rro pnu o? h?~ado.rdaaq p~rul[rq u! '.ra~srru.~llluu opaa 'squasn.~d:>gal[? A(1 'p!p ,I

I, ' Oniar Hajee .%mod, of Durban, ,Natal, merchantJ, dec.laro

and state that the? property described as Lot D Block

B B of' thtj :!'own of D~rrban, Cnloni of Natal, now about to be transforred from John Dales to the Ext?cutors of tho

'I't?etate Estate of -4boabakctr Amod, deceased, late of Durban, merchant,, is tho sole and absolut,e property of f the Trllstees of tho Mahamodan Churrh in Durban, commonly I knowri as the Mosq~lo, and is to be transferred to them , as soon as the necessary powers can he obtained from the Execrrtors aforesaid: and. in my capacity as 'joint heir

,',:/: ,' 0.r' the said Estate oP -4boobaker .had, with my brother: is,-. -. -. 1:smnil .4b~obaker, and in my capacity as the duly .'. t',, authoriuec! attorney and agent of my said. brother, I herebI au-thorise ar~drecl~lest tho sa1.d Executors ,tcr proc.f?.ed with

s11r.h transfer with a1 l comrenient spt?ed.

Dated at Durban aforesaid this 14th day of April 1899.

Witness :-

.--- -. 4__ -- - aqq oq poq a.ro~oqa.rar[ 1udrour.1~. . srrl rlo!rl~\ alq!,~, prrr! qrlaO!x arlq 11u SU!~UNOII~,I ros ar[q '.ra.lvadtIv a111 a.1ojo.ratl 1 W+y'-'-$) p. d 4 *

K N 0 7: ALL Elk21 '?!!O?:l IT ?%Y CONCES2J :- I'

T I{ A T I I r i r SF. of Pietcnn~~tzbu; In the Province of NctRl, Conveyancer, aggeared before me, tk liezlstrcu. of Deeds, at Pletenarltzburg, he, the scald Appea.rer, bc1r-g duly ,mthorlsed thereto Sy a Specla Pomr of Attorney eran tea by ::ALTER OSSOI?NI;: LLUHIOTT, of Durban, Conveyancer, in his c~pscityas the Lxecutor Dative of the ;,:state of the late AOOOTI,~I(ER IY~OD,of Duaan, f.!erChant, nctine therein undcr nnd by virtue of Letters of A8mlnlstr,?- -tion 2r;lnted In his f nvour dizted the 24th day of Sey) tcabbr.

1929, nlllch Special laver of Attorney 1s dated .the fourteen ' d.?y of October, 1929, nnd dratm up at Durban ,md riltncsscd in accord:nce mlth L:Lw; nhich l.'O~!cr of Attorney and Lettell. of A(lminlstr7.tIon re exlliblted to me on this dw:

A Ii D the sald Ap~xnrerdeclared : r i T 9 A T BEREPS the said AT3oOBAiG;R AmD, nho died 1 on the 7th ci3y of Aqust ,,1887; was the orlglnal founder of the Grey streot Xosque in Durban, the land on ahlch th1 scld PSosque 1s erected h&lW been purchased by him almosl- entlrely from hls ovn funds:

'4 M l7 '.:?iEREAS tk sad A:-IO073RG,R iV:!OD subsequentQ purclnsecl In his orm nane but on behalf of the 9d.d Grey Strect Ibsqua Trust the ,,roprtyllcreinafter more partlcu- -l.?rly described, the purchP.se price thercaf having been

n Pi D 1 shortly after the fWq1 lnstalment of the pwch~seprlce of the s2ld p-operty ms pald, transfer thereof mas passed In fvour of the 'EXEC!?rOTS OF THE (111 r. 14m77In II:ST/~TE OF TIE srnn AWOB~J~TRANID:

-4 i! 3 ?Em no b:nthstmding such reglstratlon the adnlnlstratlon and control of sald pmperty ha3 zlnays bee:' in the hands of the jjWtleS EldrnInlsteIcing the said Grey Street IJssque Trilat nsrr knovn as Jurna hlusj1.d Trust, Durban, ~i~ds11d pmpwty denlt vrlth by them tls the property of thc snld Trust:

A P: 7) ';IEI{X/,S O'TA~ZJIT,J~~E &!OD JlWWXiT., of Uurban, ailerc!ir~nt, cad FC\TI:Q~ II.".JE:X ALLY, Nlclon of the l2te HAJIB I ;i4,$3T, E(303fLI::*R J1.ir~'rlIZRI, of ilurban, iierch~xt,In her

~'?.~~ac'ltym Lxecutrlx Dative of her said 1lusb::ndts Xstnte

( .l;l1c/ 4ev,? (the sald 02.:.:R-. .____.-_--. 11AJ:E r",JOD JW,VERI- and IlhJZE . IS1lAILr I! .. ... -. .-. 0 A- .. . ~ ~-,. under mlll AI~OOD?.K;.~RJIInmm be% the sole 11eIrs ~.. the r' -. .,~ . . .. - . ~ . , . . .. . of the srtld PJ#)ODAKrl;R MOD and who notwl. hit ...... thstandlng t . -. . * ~ . -..-. the sqid pmyerty Is registered In the nme of the Execu- -tor; of tho Estate of the sad P.DQORI'.KT:& AhIClD hEve 2lua.y~rccognlsed, that 1 t belonged to me saia duma Ilusjlr' Twst, :;urban), have consented to the ssld pmperty bein: Trust,

1 7 I!the said '!?.IJTE~?OSBOI9lL VARrXOTT h? ' been c?ppolnteb Executor Dpitlve in !.he Estnte of the said ~FnO:?')',mAXID for tile sole p.!rpose of having Tro.llsfer c the s3.l.d property wssed to the Trustees of the sad JIJ' LIUSJID lqR(j!;T Dufian :

N 0 :: TFIERF:r;C,m, tlie snld Aoyaarer dcolared thnt 1;: Ssld :?.ALTER OSDOiiilE i?NC?IOTT in his aforesr.ld c?.paclty had truly md 1egW.y made over and that he in hls apacl nforasnld, did, b these presents, cede and transfer, in full and free property, to and on behalf of VALLY ~IAi;01.7: J00?A, LATIF ?-iOOSA, m'BAKER MOOSA, HiWAJEE: CMSIII,

of Durbanl/ In their cnpaclty as the Trustees of the---- JWf I Truck ?!USJID T~~CT,Durban, acting under Deed of %sa&s NO...... , .-- 8/1923 &ted the 18th dqy of April, 1916, and re@sterecj in the Miscellaneous Register for Natal on the 7th clay c EAqyl 1923, c.nd confimd by m Order of the Iionoumble .!

Sup~mecourt of South Afrlcz, N?.tcQ Pmvlncla Dlvlslor~ Durban n.nd Comt Circuit, Local Uivision, m~deon tt~e1' :(&^a) DNITQIKIS SUI~WAJNU.'!3 CEJV aFJaNmI OiiX :1 0% ga~~ajsrrrw3LqaJeq AqrncIaxd ay3 jo anxuA arii ~UT~I~CIQ 1C~fe-J pm :s$qS~r s?~ 3qlwar;a~ $~a~arzor~ L~rr~wua~o~ :!KlO%Sll3 W30T 0% ~T~wo~uO~' 07M~I13 PO'I~T~UCJ oq TDillS . .:rojaw.my pue a& r~ou'su2~::sv JO a9Tjgo tq s.iossomns JTQII~ aXa~3ulicclapTksadoj JTat{? tq '(IIIMC: ~tjm-x~puc a::: .tyIrc,; A11V 1IvI;SI 'CI?PYOII:;.I Nvr Ns'i .mnS 'v!;z~'J!M tMSOOH ra',;r',krUiS ',WIN ani0H:;F.i :.IOO?J ai\nln 'KISSV:, TLPVLEVH 'vsoox UZXV~~ WE~V 'vsoali BILV'I %zoi'~r ~ROI~VXLTIT~A pws em gsq.uasad

;c/% jo anaJTA Rq any7 pm :aw:::s eqq @ ca paTqy%unsTp puu '$0

am pu~~cd~ouydd syq a2pe1eou1iou osp: 'aouenbasu~3 US 'p~g I 1 :asgurair aqq 0% g~qa~o,~ola~ar~ ~uj~~iy~ti spy 013~1 pu ... arG1.1 'I It oq2 1~22u~ounoua~ 'Ja~~addv ayi '3 !; J 11 11 i.

JO I '~sa'dnv Xcg pu;! ariq P~WQWQT/O~O~ON ~alsuu~~ jo peaa

CLTTIFICATI: OF Rr,GISTERED TITLE -

Iasued under the provisions of Section 43 of the Deeds . Registries Act, 1937 (No. 47 of 1937)

W. 0,XARRIOTT & OUILLOD, Ae rod y p : C onve yancera, Durban r w*

WHEREAS the Truateee of the SUMA MUSJID TRUST, DURBAN', have applied for the issue to the said Trust of a

Certificate of Registered Title under Seotion 43 of the , Deeds Regiatriee Act, 1937 in respeot of the undermentioned land being portion of the land ragistered in the name of the aaid Trust by Cortificate of Amended Title on Consolidation No. 1 \ 3% 3 1 k. dated evenly herewith;

NOlJ TIIEREFORC, in purauanoe of the proviaions of the - said Act, I, tho Registrar of Deeds for the Provinoe l d of Natal, at Pietermaritzburg, do hereby oertlfy that the - Trustees of the 8aid JUMR PIUS JID TRUST , DURBAN, its suocesaorrr in ' off ice or assigns is the regietered owner of r-

Sub A of t4ooque, Block BB of the Town I Lands of Durban, No. 1737, situate in the City and County of Durban, Yrovinae ( of iiatcsl, in extent Fifteen Thouaand Two Hundred and highty Six (16,286) C aquare feet t L A9 will more full appenr on referen Amended Title on F onaolldation No. \\ f evenly herewith in f >vow of the said J7Jt.M MU9 JID TRUST, DURBAN, and to the diagram hereto annexed. (

The property is held! I

(a Subjeot to such of the terms and uonditions of the original Government Grnnt No. 1737 dated 27th July, 1 ' 1855, as are still in force and applionble. .' .. . tho Trustees of 4 AND that by virtue of theoe presents,,,the said

JlJMA MIJSJID TRU29, DURLW, its auooessora in ofrioe or

nasi~ns,now ia and henobforth rhall be entitled thereto 11 I I oonf ormably to looal cuatorn, liovernment, however I reserving its rights; IN WITNESS WHFREOF, I, the said Registrar, have subscribed to these present8 and have caused the eeal of offlce to be affixed thereto. THUS DONE AND EXECUTED at the Offioe of the t Registrar of Deeds for the Province of Natal, at . 3b Pietermaritzburg, on this the 31 day of DECEMB.ER, in tho Year of Our Lord, One Thousand, Nine Hundred and Fifty Six.

Ree%4- trar of ede

Registered in the I' - ,' \ \ \

\ Mosque ,

DESCRIPTION OF BEACONS.

A. PICE B.C.D.E.F.C. 91IRON PEGS H. NO BEACON

J. BRASS SCREW IN WOODEN PLUG IN HOLE DRILLED INTO CONCRETE PAVEMENT H'. 6" NAIL DRIVEN INTO CONCRETE PAVEUENT AT BASE OF WALL

K. BRASS SCREW IW WOODEN PLUG IN HOLE DRILLED INTO SEAT OF CONCRETE BENCH I SIDES 1 ANGLES CO-ORDINATES LNOLI." F1K1 OF DIRECTION Y X I Arpp~ / Surveyor General

IJ E 9.63

EF 183.20

F G 3.69

G H 43.87

HJ 69.65

JK 198.19 K A 28.95

HH' 0.10

THE LlNE GH REPRESENTS THE MIDDLE LlNE OF A PARTY WALL

SERV ITUDE 132 INCHES WIDE. i

t

SCALE I : 750

THE F ICURE A.B.C.D.E.F.C.H. J.K.

REPRESENTS 15286 SQUARE FEET OF LAND BE INC

SUB A OF MOSQUE BLOCK BB OF THE TWIN LANDS OF DURBAN NO. 1737

SITUATE IN THE CITY OF DURBAN, PROVINCE OF NATAL

SURVEYED IN JUME AND OCTOBER 1956 BY ME,

LAND SURVEYOR

This diagram relates to C .c. T'. Original diagram is S. G. Fife No. I~I/IO/I No. 4416/56 Survey Records 775/56 Compilation relating to Deed 01 Degree Sheet 59 No. Tracing General Plan

I! iaqa 01 r)slc se 'P~II~JS~I~JIpuv plo\i bnql Xlladold aql III~JJEA~PUB aaq ctl Bu!s!luo~d ~anoa~oru:molsna lea01 01 .

pun CZ o?o? 20 ~JO~W~LIUIL::pTL9 LO h'w jn U,~IL~CZccu er.1:i3l I

, Qyt LO QUU 6; ?.O? QTEIU GT[% :O J6pLIKwd)r O\i% JO ~.Ii~~l,cOo

: r,uu o~ouomq:o oy: 50 JROASJ UT X-+5n%octred uy eon oq3 30 I. from all encunibrnnccs and Iig.~iotl~ccalions,accortling lo thr laws rcspccting the pi~rclinsean2 sillc of 1andr.d propzrty ; Government, howaver. reserving its rights ; and finally acltno!vlcd~ing his Principal to be snlisfactorily paid the ' whole of the purchase money, amounting to the sum of

: T~ontyfiv0 pounds (205) Ste.

I ' !' IN WITNESS WHEREOF. 1, the said Registrar, together with thc Ii ..,h Appearer, q.q., have s~ibscribedtn these presents. i i Tlius done anti execuled at tllc Officc of the I Pietcrmnritzb~~rg,inAlic Pro\,inccpJ NNnl, on the ! in the year of otlr ,qrd One Tho~lsand

;i

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