Curriculum Vitae Carol Lee Graham
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Poverty Traps and Safety Nets
Poverty Traps and Safety Nets Christopher B. Barrett Department of Applied Economics and Management Cornell University and John G. McPeak Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs Syracuse University December 2003 revised version Prepared for “Poverty, Inequality and Development: A Conference in Honor of Erik Thorbecke,” October 10-11, 2003, at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. We thank Alain de Janvry and Ravi Kanbur for their invitation to participate in this event, Erik Thorbecke for his ongoing inspiration to so many of us, Michael Carter, Stefan Dercon and Dan Maxwell for helpful discussions that have informed parts of this paper, Alok Bhargava, Jan Willem Gunning, Martin Ravallion and conference participants for helpful comments, and Erin Lentz, Andrew Mude and Jacqueline Vanderpuye-Orgle for excellent research assistance. This work has been made possible, in part, by support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), through grant LAG-A-00-96-90016-00 through the BASIS CRSP, grants DAN-1328-G-00-0046-00 and PCE-G-98-00036-00 through the Pastoral Risk Management Project of the Global Livestock CRSP, and grant HFM-A-00-01-00132-00 to the Strategies and Analyses for Growth and Access (SAGA) cooperative agreement. The views expressed here and any remaining errors are mine and do not represent any official agency. Copyright 2003 by Christopher B. Barrett. and John G. McPeak All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. Poverty Traps and Safety Nets Erik Thorbecke has been a leader among development economists for decades and an inspiration to those of us who have had the privilege to work with him and to witness his creativity, commitment and industriousness first hand. -
Population and Development Review Cumulative Index
POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW CUMULATIVE CONTENTS VOLUMES 1–35 1975–2009 To use this index, open the bookmarks in this document by clicking the “Bookmarks” tab along the left-hand side of the display window. About the cumulative index The index consists of two major sections. I. Lists of: a. Articles, Notes & Commentary, Data & Perspectives, and Signed Book Reviews b. Archives by original year of publication c. Archives d. Documents e. Books Reviewed II. Table of Contents for all issues in volumes 1 to 35 and Supplements to Population and Development Review. The TOCs include links to PDFs of full text stored on www.JSTOR.org or www.Interscience.Wiley.com. How to use the cumulative index 1. If they are not already displayed, open the bookmarks in this document by clicking the “Bookmarks” tab along the left-hand side of the display window. 2. Click within the bookmarks and select the list you would like to search. 3. Pull-down the “Edit” tab and select “Find” (Ctrl + F). 4. Type your search term and click the “Next” button to find a relevant listing. Note that the “Find” feature will search through the entire cumulative index beginning with the list you select. 5. To read the full article, go to the relevant table of contents using the bookmarks. 6. Click the article title to open the PDF. PDFs of articles are stored on the JSTOR or Wiley Interscience site. The links will automatically direct you to these sites. Accessing PDFs Articles on the JSTOR and Wiley Interscience sites are available only to subscribers, which include many libraries and institutions. -
Stuck in the Tunnel: Is Globalization Muddling the Middle Class?
Stuck In The Tunnel: Is Globalization Muddling The Middle Class? Nancy Birdsall, Carol Graham, and Stefano Pettinato Center on Social and Economic Dynamics Working Paper No. 14 August 2000 ABSTRACT Our objective in this paper is to assess how middle-income groups are faring with the global turn to the market. We suggest some simple measures of the middle—the size and income shares of households around the median (75/125%)—and their income status relative to wealthier counterparts. Our results point to genuine distributional stress for middle-income households, as well as public perceptions of such stress. They also suggest the need for new measures to capture distributional trends that are masked by aggregate measures. We posit that the fate of those in the middle merits new attention, as their political support and economic participation are critical to sustainable, market-oriented growth and poverty reduction in the long-term. ____________________ Birdsall ([email protected]) is Senior Associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Graham ([email protected]) is Senior Fellow and Co-Director of the Center on Social and Economic Dynamics at the Brookings Institution; Pettinato ([email protected]) is Senior Research Analyst at the Brookings Institution. The authors would like to thank Gary Burtless, Peyton Young, and Alan Angell for helpful comments. 1 Stuck in the Tunnel: Is Globalization Muddling the Middle Class? Nancy Birdsall, Carol Graham, and Stefano Pettinato Introduction The beginning of the 1990’s brought much optimism about the global turn to the market and its potential to increase prosperity worldwide, and particularly in the developing world. -
1 POL447H POLITICAL ECONOMY of DEVELOPMENT Summer 2015
POL447H POLITICAL ECONOMY OF DEVELOPMENT Summer 2015 Professor Dickson Eyoh 120 Wetmore Hall New College 300 Huron St 416.978-8288 [email protected] Meeting Time: MW 2-4PM Meeting Place: SS2129 Office Hours: Tuesday 3-4PM or By Appointment 1. Overview This course explores some key issues in the study and practice of international development. It aims to deepen appreciation of major substantive and theoretical debates taking place in the political economy of development. It is organized in roughly four parts: overview of definitions of development and major perspectives on the political economy of development and development practice in the post-WW2 era; the emergence and evolution of neoliberal theory and development practice since the 1980s; comparison of the development trajectories (South Korea, India, and Nigeria); and examination of analysis and debate on a number contentious issues in the field today. 2. Format The seminar will be mainly driven by student participation and discussion. Emphasis during the seminar will be placed on critical interpretation of assigned readings through the active participation of students in classroom dialogue and debate. Useful participation will be informed by knowledge of the readings and a willingness to share doubts as well as insights and certainties. Each session will open with different students providing succinct summaries of one or two of the required readings to lay the groundwork for discussion. These summaries will be for a maximum of 7 minutes. They will specify the key issues being addressed, the main arguments of the reading(s) and the supporting evidence and offer an opinion on the strengths and limitations of authors’ analysis. -
Globalisation, Living Standards and Inequality Grew out of This Enhanced Interest in Globalisation on the Part of the G-20
Proceedings of a Conference held in Sydney on 27–28 May 2002 !"#$%"&'%(&#)* "&+&)!,'(%)-%.-' %)-,&)/01%"&(2 .34356,789:83;;,<5= >956?5@?5:,>A<BB35:3; Editors: David Gruen Terry O’Brien Jeremy Lawson !"#"$%"&'()*&+,&-.#/$(01( -.#/$(01()&2$"(#.$3 The publication of these Conference papers is aimed at making the results of research available to a wider audience. The views expressed are those of the authors, and not necessarily those of the Reserve Bank or Australian Treasury. References to the results and views presented should clearly attribute them to the authors, not to the Bank or Treasury. The content of this publication shall not be reproduced, sold or distributed without the prior consent of the Reserve Bank of Australia. Website: http://www.rba.gov.au ISBN 0 642 50177 7 Printed in Australia by J.S. McMillan Printing Group Table of Contents Introduction David Gruen and Terry O’Brien 1 GROWTH, POVERTY AND INEQUALITY Global Economic Integration and Global Inequality David Dollar 9 Globalisation, Poverty and Income Distribution: Does the Liberal Argument Hold? Robert Hunter Wade 37 A Stormy Day on an Open Field: Asymmetry and Convergence in the Global Economy Nancy Birdsall 66 Discussants: Benoît Coeuré 88 Edward M Gramlich 92 Masahiro Kawai 95 NATIONAL EXPERIENCES China as a Window to the World: Trade Openness, Living Standards and Income Inequality Shang-Jin Wei 109 Towards an Indian Approach to Globalisation Adarsh Kishore 119 Discussants: Moisés J Schwartz 147 Xie Ping 173 Y Venugopal Reddy 174 IMPROVING KNOWLEDGE OF CHANGES IN POVERTY -
Nancy Birdsall Curricula Vitae
Curriculum Vitae NANCY BIRDSALL EMPLOYMENT Center for Global Development Oct. 2001- present President Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 1998- 2001 Senior Associate and Director, Economic Reform Project Inter-American Development Bank August 1993-1998 Executive Vice President. Chief operating officer of the bank. Responsible for operations, finance, legal and policy and all other management, and deputy to the President. The Bank has a portfolio of $30 billion in 26 borrowing countries and makes new commitments of about $6 billion a year in new operations. World Bank August 1979-93 Economic policy, research and operational work on developing countries, including on human resource development (population, education and health); environment; and adjustment, trade and privatization issues. Management and technical positions in lending operations covering Latin America and in the policy research complex covering Latin America, Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe and former Soviet Union. Member, World Bank Research Committee, 1987 to 1992. Member, Economists' Review Panel, 1988 to 1993 (reviews managers' proposals for staff promotions to senior economist positions). Member, Young Professionals Admission Committee, 1991 to 1993. Advisor, Finance and Development (World Bank and IMF magazine). 1991-1993 Director, Policy Research Department. Department of about 85 professional staff, primarily economists, responsible for the Bank's economic research and policy analysis in such areas as trade, adjustment and growth issues, including in transitional socialist economies, poverty and human resources, tax and expenditures, financial sector, environment, public sector management, and private sector development. 1990-1991 Chief, Environment Division, Latin America Region. Division of 15 full-time staff responsible for lending operations in environment, including Global Environmental Facility and Montreal Protocol operations, for policy studies, and for coordination of environmental assessment of investments in Latin America financed by the World Bank. -
Preview Chapter, C. Fred Bergsten and the World Economy, Ch. 7: The
07--Ch. 7--133-144 11/22/06 3:34 PM Page 133 7 The International Monetary System in the Work of the Institute MORRIS GOLDSTEIN The search for ways to improve the operation of the international mone- tary system and, in particular, to prevent and manage crises in emerging economies—including through the work of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)—has been an enduring theme in the research agenda of the Peterson Institute for International Economics. It has likewise been a topic close to the heart of its director, C. Fred Bergsten, who has made a num- ber of valuable contributions to this long-running debate. A review of the Institute’s work in this area amply demonstrates both the wide range of issues covered and their importance among the broad range of international economic policy issues that are the métier of the In- stitute. This review provides the foundation for more extensive discus- sions of key policy issues that are at the heart of the debate over the func- tioning of the international monetary system and the role of its central international institution, the IMF. Several of these issues are taken up in the following chapters. John Williamson reexamines the continuing debate over the appropriate nature of the exchange rate regime, both from the perspective of individ- ual countries and from a more systemic viewpoint. Edwin Truman then takes up a question that is a logical precursor to the analysis of target zone proposals for major currency exchange rates, long advocated by Fred Morris Goldstein has been the Dennis Weatherstone Senior Fellow at the Institute since 1994. -
WIDER Special Issue: Inequality and Poverty in China
World Institute for Development Economics Research No. 2/2007 Why the Poorest Countries four distinct traps that between them account for the problem, each requiring a distinct remedy. I also argue are Failing and What Can that globalization, though it has been benign for the be Done About it majority of the developing world, is not working for the bottom billion and is not likely to do so. On by Paul Collier the contrary, it is liable to make them increasingly marginalized. So what are the key policy issues? One is that Africa has failed to develop jobs in export manufactures, the strategy that has been transforming Asia. Bangladesh has generated nearly three million jobs by exporting garments. If Kenya could do the same, it would be transformed. But Asia’s success has made it harder for Africa to get started. It will help by granting Africa better access to developed country markets. At present most of the G8 countries impose tariffs on imports of garments from Africa. There is one exception: the US. The US allows Kenya to export shirts duty-free into its market. Europe does not. Even the few African countries that are allowed duty-free access into Europe get blocked by absurd technical © Friedrich Stark / Das Fotoarchiv. / Still Pictures / Still Fotoarchiv. / Das Stark Friedrich © requirements: Lesotho sells thousands of shirts to America, but they do not satisfy the regulations of the European Union. As a result, over the last five years Africa’s garments exports to Europe have declined while increasing sevenfold to the US. The G8 could easily adopt a common set of rules for these African exports that would generate jobs across the region. -
Washington Consensus: Assessing a Damaged Brand
The Washington Consensus: Assessing a Damaged Brand Nancy Birdsall, Augusto de la Torre, and Felipe Valencia Caicedo A shorter version of this paper was published in José Antonio Ocampo and Jamie Ros, eds., Oxford Handbook on Latin American Economics (Oxford University Press, 2011). Abstract In this paper we analyze the Washington Consensus, which at its original formulation reflected views not only from Washington but also from Latin America. We trace the life of the Consensus from a Latin American perspective in terms of evolving economic development paradigms. We document the extensive implementation of Consensus-style reforms in the region as well as the mismatch between reformers’ expectations and actual outcomes, in terms of growth, poverty reduction, and inequality. We then present an assessment of what went wrong with the Washington Consensus-style reform agenda, using a taxonomy of views that put the blame, alternatively, on (i) shortfalls in the implementation of reforms combined with impatience regarding their expected effects; (ii) fundamental flaws—in either the design, sequencing, or basic premises of the reform agenda; and (iii) incompleteness of the agenda that left out crucial reform needs, such as volatility, technological innovation, institutional change and inequality. JEL Codes: E63, P11, B25, N16, N26, N46 Keywords: Stabilization, reform, financial markets, macroeconomic policy, government, history of economic thought, institutions, Latin America, Caribbean. Working Paper 211 May 2010 www.cgdev.org The Washington Consensus: Assessing a Damaged Brand Nancy Birdsall Center for Global Development Augusto de la Torre World Bank Felipe Valencia Caicedo World Bank Nancy Birdsall is the President of the Center for Global Development. -
Issues and Concepts
PART I Issues and Concepts NANCY BIRDSALL CAROL GRAHAM 1 Mobility and Markets: Conceptual Issues and Policy Questions he closing years of the twentieth century have been Tmarked by the consolidation worldwide of the market economy. With the end of the cold war the new countries of the former Soviet Union and the newly liberated countries of eastern Europe adopted at least the trappings of market-driven systems. In Latin America the dismantling of state-run enterprises and the opening of markets that began in the 1980s as a response to the debt crisis dramatically accelerated in the 1990s. In East Asia, after three decades of fast growth under market approaches that ranged from laissez-faire in Hong Kong to a government- led market in Korea, a financial crisis in the late 1990s produced still an- other round of market-oriented consolidation. In India and Pakistan, and even in China, economic policy changes have been inevitably directed to- ward liberalization. In Africa and the Middle East, those countries that more quickly and fully adopted market policies have been widely acknowl- edged to have the best prospects for escaping economic backwardness. Even among industrialized countries, U.S. prosperity, compared with recession in Japan and slowdown in Europe, seems to vindicate devotion to market principles. Meanwhile, the apparent triumph of market systems was accompa- nied by increasing adherence to democratic systems of governance. Open markets and democratic systems seem to go hand in hand. 3 4 NANCY BIRDSALL AND CAROL GRAHAM But the prevalence of the market economy has not been without costs. -
The Role of Agriculture in Economic Development
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERKELEY WORKING PAPER NO. 814 THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE SURPLUS TRANSFERS by Paul Winters International Potato Center, Lima Alain de Janvry and Elisabeth Sadoulet University of California at Berkeley and Kostas Stamoulis FAO, Rome Copyright © 1996 by Paul Winters, Alain de Janvry, Elisabeth Sadoulet, and Kostas Stamoulis. All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION GIANNINI FOUNDATION OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS APRIL, 1997 The Role of Agriculture in Economic Development: Visible and Invisible Surplus Transfers by Paul Winters International Potato Center, Lima Alain de Janvry and Elisabeth Sadoulet University of California at Berkeley and Kostas Stamoulis FAO, Rome Abstract The financial surplus of agriculture has been central to theories of the role of agriculture in economic development. Morrisson and Thorbecke (MT) have used a constant-price social accounting matrix (SAM) framework to rigorously measure the financial surplus of agriculture and decompose the mechanisms of surplus extraction. History and theory have, however, stressed the role of prices as an invisible transfer mechanism in addition to the visible transfers identified in the SAM framework. We extend the MT approach by defining and measuring the real surplus of agriculture and decomposing the mechanisms of surplus extraction between visible and invisible financial transfers. Using an archetype computable general equilibrium model for poor African nations, we trace the generation, transfer, and use of an agricultural surplus created by a productivity gain in agriculture. -
Labor Market Discrimination
O R L D B A N K R E G I O N A L A N D S E C T O R A L S T U D I E S Unfair Public Disclosure Authorized Advantage Labor Market Discrimination Public Disclosure Authorized in Developing Countries m EDITEDBY Public Disclosure Authorized NANCYBIRDSALL AND RICHARDSABOT Public Disclosure Authorized / 2-/lq Unfair Advantage Labor Market Discrimination in Developing Countries WORLDBANK REGIONALAND SECTORALSTUDIES Unfair Advantage Labor Market Discrimination in Developing Countries EDITEDBY NANCYBIRDSALL AND RICHARDSABOT The World Bank Wasbington,D.C. © 1991 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433 All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing December 1991 The World Bank Regional and Sectoral Studies series provides an outlet for work that is relatively limited in its subject matter or geographical coverage but that contributes to the intellectual foundations of development operations and policy formulation. These studies have not necessarily been edited with the same rigor as Bank publications that carry the imprint of a university press. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those ofthe authors and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to the members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce portions of it should be sent to the Office of the Publisher at the address shown in the copyright notice above.