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Safety Reports Series No.64 Safety Reports Series This Safety Report provides the methodological and technical details of the design and operation of monitoring programmes and systems for different Safety Reports Series radionuclides, environmental media and types of facility. It complements the IAEA Safety Standard, Environmental and Source Monitoring for Purposes of Radiation N o. 6 4 Protection, and covers source and environmental monitoring for the purpose of radiation protection in No.64 Programmes and Systems for Source and Environmental Radiation Monitoring planned and existing exposure situations. In addition, this report discusses general issues of emergency monitoring, it gives an outline of dose assessment procedures based on monitoring data and the reporting of information to the regulatory body, and it provides advice on monitoring programmes and systems for various types of facility. The extensive reference list and bibliography provide sources for international and national technical standards and methodologies, as well as suggestions for further reading. P r o g r a m m e s a n d S y s t e m s f o r S o u r c e a n d E n v i r o n m e n t a l Radiation Monitoring INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA ISBN 978–92–0–112409–8 ISSN 1020–6450 09-45611_P1427_cover.indd 1 2010-07-13 13:38:09 RELATED PUBLICATIONS IAEA SAFETY RELATED PUBLICATIONS EnvironmEntal and SourcE monitoring for PurPoSES of radiation ProtEction IAEA SAFETY STANDARDS Safety guide iaEa Safety Standards Series no. rS-g-1.8 Under the terms of Article III of its Statute, the IAEA is authorized to establish STI/PUB/1216 (119 pp.; 2005) or adopt standards of safety for protection of health and minimization of danger to life ISBN 92-0-113404-5 €26.00 and property, and to provide for the application of these standards. The publications by means of which the IAEA establishes standards are issued in Quantifying uncErtainty in nuclEar analytical the IAEA Safety Standards Series. This series covers nuclear safety, radiation safety, mEaSurEmEntS transport safety and waste safety. The publication categories in the series are Safety iaEa tEcdoc Series Fundamentals, Safety Requirements and Safety Guides. IAEA-TECDOC-1401 (256 pp.; 2004) Information on the IAEA’s safety standards programme is available at the IAEA ISBN 92–0–108404–8 €15.00 Internet site http://www-ns.iaea.org/standards/ SurvEillancE and monitoring of nEar SurfacE diSPoSal The site provides the texts in English of published and draft safety standards. The facilitiES for radioactivE WaStE texts of safety standards issued in Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish, the Safety reports Series no. 35 IAEA Safety Glossary and a status report for safety standards under development are STI/PUB/1182 (75 pp.; 2004) also available. For further information, please contact the IAEA at PO Box 100, ISBN 92–0–114903–4 €17.50 1400 Vienna, Austria. All users of IAEA safety standards are invited to inform the IAEA of experience rEgulatory control of radioactivE diSchargES to thE in their use (e.g. as a basis for national regulations, for safety reviews and for training EnvironmEnt courses) for the purpose of ensuring that they continue to meet users’ needs. Information may be provided via the IAEA Internet site or by post, as above, or by Safety guide email to [email protected]. iaEa Safety Standards Series no. WS-g-2.3 STI/PUB/1088 (43 pp.; 2000) ISBN 92–0–101000–1 €14.50 OTHER SAFETY RELATED PUBLICATIONS comPliancE monitoring for rEmEdiatEd SitES The IAEA provides for the application of the standards and, under the terms of iaEa tEcdoc Series Articles III and VIII.C of its Statute, makes available and fosters the exchange of IAEA-TECDOC-1118 (125 pp.; 1999) information relating to peaceful nuclear activities and serves as an intermediary among ISSN 1011–4289 €15.00 its Member States for this purpose. Reports on safety and protection in nuclear activities are issued as Safety gEnEric ProcEdurES for monitoring in a nuclEar or Reports, which provide practical examples and detailed methods that can be used in radiological EmErgEncy support of the safety standards. iaEa tEcdoc Series Other safety related IAEA publications are issued as Radiological Assessment IAEA-TECDOC-1092 (287 pp.; 1999) Reports, the International Nuclear Safety Group’s INSAG Reports, Technical Reports ISSN 1011–4289 €15.00 and TECDOCs. The IAEA also issues reports on radiological accidents, training manuals and practical manuals, and other special safety related publications. Security related publications are issued in the IAEA Nuclear Security Series. charactErization of radioactivEly contaminatEd SitES for rEmEdiation PurPoSES iaEa tEcdoc Series IAEA-TECDOC-1017 (110 pp.; 1998) ISSN 1011–4289 €15.00 www.iaea.org/books 09-45611_P1427_cover.indd 2 2010-07-13 13:38:10 PROGRAMMES AND SYSTEMS FOR SOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION MONITORING The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GHANA NORWAY ALBANIA GREECE OMAN ALGERIA GUATEMALA PAKISTAN ANGOLA HAITI PALAU ARGENTINA HOLY SEE PANAMA ARMENIA HONDURAS PARAGUAY AUSTRALIA HUNGARY PERU AUSTRIA ICELAND PHILIPPINES AZERBAIJAN INDIA POLAND BAHRAIN INDONESIA PORTUGAL BANGLADESH IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF QATAR BELARUS IRAQ REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA BELGIUM IRELAND ROMANIA BELIZE ISRAEL RUSSIAN FEDERATION BENIN ITALY BOLIVIA JAMAICA SAUDI ARABIA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA JAPAN SENEGAL BOTSWANA JORDAN SERBIA BRAZIL KAZAKHSTAN SEYCHELLES BULGARIA KENYA SIERRA LEONE BURKINA FASO KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE BURUNDI KUWAIT SLOVAKIA CAMBODIA KYRGYZSTAN SLOVENIA CAMEROON LATVIA SOUTH AFRICA CANADA LEBANON SPAIN CENTRAL AFRICAN LESOTHO SRI LANKA REPUBLIC LIBERIA SUDAN CHAD LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA SWEDEN CHILE LIECHTENSTEIN SWITZERLAND CHINA LITHUANIA SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC COLOMBIA LUXEMBOURG TAJIKISTAN CONGO MADAGASCAR THAILAND COSTA RICA MALAWI THE FORMER YUGOSLAV CÔTE D’IVOIRE MALAYSIA REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA CROATIA MALI TUNISIA CUBA MALTA TURKEY CYPRUS MARSHALL ISLANDS UGANDA CZECH REPUBLIC MAURITANIA UKRAINE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC MAURITIUS UNITED ARAB EMIRATES OF THE CONGO MEXICO DENMARK MONACO UNITED KINGDOM OF DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MONGOLIA GREAT BRITAIN AND ECUADOR MONTENEGRO NORTHERN IRELAND EGYPT MOROCCO UNITED REPUBLIC EL SALVADOR MOZAMBIQUE OF TANZANIA ERITREA MYANMAR UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ESTONIA NAMIBIA URUGUAY ETHIOPIA NEPAL UZBEKISTAN FINLAND NETHERLANDS VENEZUELA FRANCE NEW ZEALAND VIETNAM GABON NICARAGUA YEMEN GEORGIA NIGER ZAMBIA GERMANY NIGERIA ZIMBABWE The Agency’s Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. Its principal objective is “to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world’’. SAFETY REPORTS SERIES No. 64 PROGRAMMES AND SYSTEMS FOR SOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION MONITORING INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 2010 COPYRIGHT NOTICE All IAEA scientific and technical publications are protected by the terms of the Universal Copyright Convention as adopted in 1952 (Berne) and as revised in 1972 (Paris). The copyright has since been extended by the World Intellectual Property Organization (Geneva) to include electronic and virtual intellectual property. Permission to use whole or parts of texts contained in IAEA publications in printed or electronic form must be obtained and is usually subject to royalty agreements. Proposals for non-commercial reproductions and translations are welcomed and considered on a case-by-case basis. Enquiries should be addressed to the IAEA Publishing Section at: Marketing and Sales Unit, Publishing Section International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna International Centre PO Box 100 1400 Vienna, Austria fax: +43 1 2600 29302 tel.: +43 1 2600 22417 email: [email protected] http://www.iaea.org/books © IAEA, 2010 Printed by the IAEA in Austria June 2010 STI/PUB/1427 IAEA Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Programmes and systems for source and environmental radiation monitoring. — Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, 2010. p. ; 24 cm. — (Safety reports series, ISSN 1020–6450 ; no. 64) STI/PUB/1427 ISBN 978–92–0–112409–8 Includes bibliographical references. 1. Radiation — Safety measures. 2. Environmental monitoring I. International Atomic Energy Agency. II. Series. IAEAL 10–0062 FOREWORD The discharge of radionuclides to the atmosphere and aquatic environments is a legitimate practice in the nuclear and other industries, hospitals and research. Where appropriate, monitoring of the discharges and of relevant environmental media is an essential regulatory requirement in order to ensure appropriate radiation protection of the public. Such monitoring provides information on the actual amounts of radioactive material discharged and the radionuclide concentrations in the environment, and is needed to demonstrate compliance with authorized limits, to assess the radiation exposure of members of the public and to provide data to aid in the optimization of radiation protection. Uncontrolled releases of radionuclides to the atmosphere and aquatic environments may occur as a result of a nuclear or radiological accident. Again, monitoring at the source of the release and of the environment is necessary. In this case, monitoring is used both to assess the radiation exposure of members of the public and to determine the actions necessary for public protection, including longer term
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