22534 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 14, 1967 By Mr. McMILLAN: dwellers in preventing riots; to the Com­ By Mr. MULTER: H.R. 12328. A bill relating to the prohibi­ mittee on Banking and Currency. H.R. 12348. A bill for the relief of Nicolo tion of riots and incitement to riot in the By Mr. DEL CLAWSON (for himself Nicosia; to the Committee on the Judiciary. District of Columbia; to the Committee on and Mr. BOB WILSON): By Mr. SCHWENGEL: the District of Columbia. H.J. Res. 786. Resoiution to provide for the H.R. 12349. A bill for the relief of Christo­ By Mr. O'NEILL of Massachusetts: issuance of a gold medal to the widow of the pher Nicholas Rushton; to the Committee on H.R.12329. A bill to amend section 2(3) late Walt Disney and for the issuance of the Judiciary. and section 8c(6) (I) of the Agricultural bronze medals to the California Institute of Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, as amend­ the Arts in recognition of the distinguished ed; to the Committee on Agriculture. public service and the outstanding contribu­ PETITIONS, ETC. By Mr. ROONEY of Pennsylvania: tions of Walt Disney to the United States H.R. 12330. A bill to provide Federal assist­ and to the world; to the Committee on Bank­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions ance to improve the educational services in ing and Currency. and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk public and private nonprofit child day care By Mr. KING of California: and referred as follows: centers; to the Committee on Education and H.J. Res. 787. Joint resolution creating a 141. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Henry Labor. Joint Committee To Investigate Crime; to Stoner, Avon Park, Fla., relative to special By Mr. ROSENTHAL: the Committee on Rules. markers on the graves of those participating H.R.12331. A bill to provide Federal lead­ By Mr. POOL: in the U.S. Constitutional Convention, 1787; ership and grants to the States for develop­ H.J. n.es. 788. Joint resolution proposing to the Committee on Interior and Insular ing and implementing State programs for an amendment to the Constitution of the youth camp safety standards; to the Com­ Affairs. United States to grant to the Congress the 142. Also, petition of Council of the City mittee on Education and Labor. power to establish uniform laws for the loss of Mansfield, Ohio, relative to uniform an­ By Mr.BENNET!': of nationality and citizenship; to the Com­ H.R. 12332. A bill provide more effective nual observance of certain national holidays to mittee on the Judiciary. on Mondays; to the Committee on the Judi­ control of lobbying activities; to the Com­ By Mr. ROTH: mittee on the Judiciary. ciary. H. Con. Res. 491. Concurrent resolution ex­ 143. Also, petition of Business & Profes­ By Mr. BROWN of California: pressing the sense of the Congress in re the H.R. 12333. A bill to amend the Public sional Women's Clubs, Inc., Washington, Panama Canal Zone; to the Committee on D.C., relative to legislation prohibiting the Works and Economic Development Act of Foreign Affairs. 1965 to make certain metropolitan areas unlawful burning, defacing, mutilating, or B!' Mr. EDMONDSON (for himself, Mr. trampling upon the American flag; to the eligible as redevelopment areas; to the Com­ BURLESON, Mr. WHITE, Mr. !CHORD, mittee on Public Works. Committee on the Judiciary. and Mr. STEED) : 144. Also, petition of Takeo Kimura, Mem­ By Mr. EDMONDSON: • H. Res. 900. Resolution creating a select ber, House of Representatives, Japan, rela­ H.R. 12334. A bill to revise the quota-con­ committee to study the impact of East-West trol system on the importation of certain tive to the Price law amendment bill; to the trade and assistance to nations which sup­ Committee on Armed Services. meat and meat products; to the Committee port aggression, directly or indirectly; to the on Ways and Means. Committee on Rules. By Mr. GARDNER (for himself, Mr. •• ... •• By Mr. OLSEN: . AYRES, Mr. QUIE, Mr. GOODELL, Mr. H. Res. 901. Resolution to express the sense ERLENBORN, Mr. GURNEY, Mr. of the House of Representatives on the im­ SENATE SCHERLE, Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin, portance of continuation of U.S. operation Mr. AsHBROOK, Mr. BROYHILL Of Vir­ of the Panama Canal; to the Committee on MONDAY, AUGUST 14, 1967 ginia, Mr. BROYHILL Of North·Caro­ Foreign Affairs. llna, Mr. COWGER, Mr. WATSON, Mr. HUNT, Mr. BROCK, Mr. TAFT, Mr. The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, DOLE, Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN, Mr. PRICE and was called to order by the President Of Texas, Mr. DUNCAN, Mr. SMITH Of MEMORIALS pro tempore. Oklahoma, Mr. WAMPLER, Mr. MYERS, The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown Mr. KUYKENDALL, and Mr. MATHIAS Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memorials Harris, D.D., offered the following of California): were presented and referred as follows: prayer: H.R. 12335. A bill to amend the Economic 274. By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Opportunity Act of 1964 to further limit po­ Legislature of the Territory of Guam, rela­ o merciful God, whose law is truth and litical activity on the part of workers in pov­ tive to the pending economic development whose statutes stand forever, we beseech erty programs; to the Committee on Edu­ fund bill for the Territory of Guam; to the Thee to grant unto us, who in the morn­ cation and Labor. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. ing seek Thy face, the benediction which By Mr. GUDE: 275. Also, memorial of the Legislature of a sense of Thy presence lends to each H.R. 12336. A bill t.o provide for the estab­ the State of Nebraska, relative to authoriza­ new day. Unite our hearts and minds lishment and development of the Kenilworth tion of the Mid-State project of the Missouri to bear the burdens that are laid upon National Capital Park in the District of Co­ River Basin project; to the Committee on lumbia for the benefit of the people of the Interior and Insular Affairs. us. United States and, in particular, children; In the vast difficulties confronting the to the Committee on Publlc Works. makers of peace in these days so full of By Mr. HICKS (for himself and Mr. tension, restore and strengthen and sus­ ADAMS): · PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS tain our souls and lead us in the paths H.R. 12337. A bill to amend title 10, United Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private of righteousness: for Thy Name's sake. States Code, with respect to crediting cer­ bills and resolutions were introduced and We seek in Thy presence a saving ex­ tain service of females sworn in as members perience of inner quiet and certainty. of telephone operating units, Signal Corps; . severally referred as fallows: to the Committee on Armed Services. By Mr. ADDABBO: Open our eyes to simple beauty all By Mr. HULL: H.R. 12341. A, bill for the relief of Gaetana around us and our hearts to the loveli­ H.R. 12338. A bill to provide for orderly Cefalu; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ness men bide from us because we do not trade in textile articles; to the Committee on H.R. 12342. A bill for the relief of Teresa try enough to understand them. Ways and Means. Carratello Cefalu; to the Committee on the As heralds of Thy love, send us forth By Mr. RIEGLE: Judiciary. across all barriers of race and creed, H.R. 12339. A bill to establish an Office of By Mr. FARBSTEIN: bearing to yearning hearts, as a holy Program Analysis and Evaluation and a Joint H.R. 12343. A bill for the relief of Lena S. sacrament, the bread of human kind­ Committee of Congress on Program Analysis Tillman; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ness and the red wine of willing sacrifice. and Evaluation; to the Committee on Rules. By Mr. FINO: We ask it in the dear Redeemer's By Mr. wn.LIAM D. FORD: H.R. 12344. A bill for the relief of Antonio H.R. 12340. A bill to provide for improved Augusto Fernandez; to the Committee on the name. Amen. employee-management relations in the Fed­ Judic~ary. eral service, and for other purposes; to the H.R. 12345. A bill for the relief of Miss Lu­ Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. cia Varon; to the Committee on the Judl­ THE JOURNAL By Mr. BATES (for himself, Mr. ctar~ . Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask MICHEL, Mrs. MAY, Mr. LLOYD, and H.R. 12346. A bill for the relief of Miss unanimous consent that the reading of Mr. DUNCAN) : Maria Aida Yap; to the Committee on the H.J. Res. 785. Resolution to call upon the Judiciary. the Journal of the proceedings of Fri­ President of the United States to promote By Mr. FOUNTAIN: day, August 11, 1967, be dispensed with. voluntary neighborhood action crusades by H.R. 12347. A bill for the relief of Horace The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ cominunities to rally law-abiding urban H. Terry; to the Committee on the Judiciary. out objection, it is so ordered. August 14, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 22535 WAIVER OF CALL OF THE CALENDAR There being no objection,. the Senate .. the Cooper formula to interdict-the flow Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask resumed the consideration of legislative · of men and materiel along the Ho Chi unanimous consent. that the. call of the business. Minh trails at the point of penetration at Legislative Calendar, l,mder rule VIII, be the 17th parallel in Laos and Vietnam dispensed with. GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES' LIFE and to extend the defensive barrier along The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ INSURANCE the parallel across the demilitarized zone out objection, it is so ordered. into Laos. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, over . It appears to me that our 'latest move the weekend, the President vetoed H.R. and latest suggestions, . if implemented, LIMITATION ON STATEMENTS DUR­ 11089, the so-called Government em­ would only serve to stiffen Hanoi's spine, ING TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE ployees' life insurance bill. keep her further away from the confer­ MORNING BUSINESS The President has indicated that he ence table, and make the possibility of a would be most happy to sign a bill en.. negotiated peace much more dimcult to· Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask compassing the features which he origi­ achieve. unanimous consent that statements in nally sent to Congress for consideration. relation to the transaction of routine I would point out that under the bill morning business be limited to 3 minutes. passed by Congress, the life insurance ORDER FOR SENATE TO MEET AT The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ benefits for Members of Congress-those 11 A.M., WEDNESDAY, AUGUST out objection, it is so ordered. which cover us-would have been raised 16-RECOGNITION OF SENATOR from the present amount of $20,000 up MONDALE COMMITI'EE MEETINGS DURING to $40,000. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask SENATE SESSION I would hope that the Senate and the unanimous consent that on Wednesday House would seriously consider a rein­ next, the Senate convene at 11 a.m., and Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask troduction of the bill as proposed by the that at the conclusion of the prayer and unanimous consent that all committees President and the passage of that bill, the approval of the Journal, the distin­ be authorized to meet during the session which I can assure them the President guished Senator from Minnesota [Mr. of the Senate today. would be most happy to sign. MONDALE] may be recognized for not· to The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ exceed 1 hour. out objection, it is.so ordered. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ESCALATION OF VIETNAM WAR objection, it is so ordered. EXECUTIVE SESSION Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, bomb­ ing within 10 miles or 1 minute away Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask from China's border is a very dangerous COMMITTEE MEETING DURING unanimous consent that the Senate go extension of the war. It brings us that SENATE SESSION ON WEDNESDAY into executive session to consider the much closer to the brink of a possible NEXT nominations on the Executive Calendar. confrontation with China which could Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. be made probable through a miscalcula­ unanimous consent that on Wednesday MONTOYA in the chair). Without objec­ tion, an error, or otherwise. next the Committee on Foreign Rela­ tion, it is so ordered. The closer we get to China increases tions may be authorized to meet during the possibility of such a confrontation the Senate session on that day. EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED and also enhances the chances that the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without internal difficulties which beset China objection, it is so ordered. The PRESIDING OFFICER laid before today, and have for some months past, the Senate messages from the President will be either forgotten or put aside and of the United States submitting sundry all factions in China will be drawn to­ REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL nominations, which were referred to the gether as one. Let no one fool himself as EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL appropriate committees. to what a confrontation with China EXCHANGE PROGRAM-MESSAGE (For nominaitions this day received, would mean, because it would bring FROM THE PRESIDENT see the end of Senate proceedings.) about a drastic revision at home through The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there a tax increase well beyond the 10 percent The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be­ be-no reports of committees, the nomi­ proposed. It would call for price and fore the Senate the following message nations· on the Executive Calendar will wage controls. It would bring about a from the President of the United States, be stated. which, with the accompanying report, stepped-up draft call and make manda­ was referred to the Committee on For­ tory a callup of the Reserves and the eign Relations: NOMINATIONS PLACED ON THE SEC­ National Guard. RETARY'S DESK-COAST GUARD There have also been suggestions on To the Congress of the United States: AND ENVffiONMENTAL SCIENCE tlie last day or so that the mining or I am pleased to transmit the annual SERVICES ADMINISTRATION quarantining of Haiphong could be report on the international educational something we could do with a minimum and cultural exchange program con­ -The legislative clerk proceeded to read of mines and manpower. Should we un­ ducted during fiscal year 1966 under the sundry nominations in the Coast Guard dertake this highly questionable move, it Mutual Educational and CUitural Ex­ and the Environmental Science Services would create the possibility of a confron­ change Act of 1961 Soviet Union. The impli­ the Fulbright-Hays Act). on the Secretary's desk. cations of these two moves could bring This report covers a period which saw The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without about retaliatory measures in Korea, the completion of two decades of inter­ objection, the nominations are consid- Berlin, and elsewhere. It would be well national educational exchange and the ered and confirmed en bloc. · for all of us to consider the possibilities, laying of new foundations for its future. Mr. MANSFIELD. I ask unanimous probabilities, and implications inherent The groundwork done this year led even­ consent that the Preside.:it be immedi­ in tlie first tactic now underway and the tually to the passage of the International ately notified of the confirmation of second which has been suggested by Education Act of 1966, a milestone in our these nominations. high-ranking military and congressional e:ff orts to improve our citizens' knowledge The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without leaders. of their world. objection, it is so ordered. It is my understanding t~t proposals Today the United States looks ahead have been made by some to the effect confidently to its relations with the ·rest that bombing of the north should be· of the world. It is & view in which there LEGISLATIVE SESSION stepped up to get at the point of origin of are great hopes and many hazards. Were Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask men and supplies. In my judgment, it our goals no more than materialistic, 1f unallimous consent that the Senate pro- would be far more preferable to consoli­ we sought no more than power and ma­ ceed to the consideration of legislative date and concentrate our activities to terial abundance, if we gained no more business. _ South Vietnam and to follow through on than scientific breakthroughs and mill- 22536 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 14, 1967 tary superlorlt1es. ours might soon be­ LAIRD, Mr. MICHEL, Mr. SHRIVER, and Mr. '"'Whereas, this Body adopted its Resolu­ come a nation spiritually deprived and Bow were appointed managers on the tion 11, on its twenty-seventh day. Febru­ ary 8, 1967; and psychologically estranged from much of part of the House at the conference. ''Whereas, Mid-State Legislation did clear the world around us. The message also announced that the the House Interior and Insular Affairs Com­ But 1t 1s to people, not things-to tbe House had disagreed to the amendments mitteee on June 14, 1967. warmth and generosity of the Ameriean of the Senate to the bill (H.R. 10509) "Now, therefore, be it resolved by the people, not to material things, that we making appropriations for the Depart­ members of the Nebraska Legislature in turn in order to break the barriers of ment of Agriculture and related agen­ seventy-seventh session assembled: misunderstanding that forever threaten cies for the fiscal year ending June 30, "1. That the Legislature memorializes the to divide us from our feUow men. The 1968, to 90th Congress and the Senate Interior and and for other purposes; agreed Insular Affairs Committee to support the international exchange of students, the conference asked by the Senate on proposals of the Bureau of Reclamation for teachers, scholars, and leading specialists the disagreeing votes of the two Houses the $106 million Mid-State Project and ap­ is one of the Nation's most effective thereon, and that Mr. WHITTEN, Mr. prove during this session of Congress the means for dispelling ignorance, preju­ NATCHER, Mr. HULL, Mr. MORRIS of New above legislation for its authorization and dice, and international suspicion. MEXICO, Mr. SHIPLEY, Mr. MAHON, Mr. early construction. The educational and cultural ex.change MICHEL, Mr. LANGEN, Mr. HARRISON, and "2. That copies of this resolution, suitably program is a relatively small but highly engrossed, be transmitted by the Clerk of Mr. Bow were appointed managers on the Legislature, to the U.S. Senate and House effective instrument 'in international re­ the part of the House at the conference. of Representatives, of the 90th Congress, to lations. It enlists the participation of Hon. Henry Jackson, chairman of the Senate talented individuals who constitute a Interior and Insular Affairs Committee and creative and influential minority in' so­ REPORT ON TRANSFER OF RE- Hon. Wayne Aspinall, chairman of the House ciety. Henry Adams said in his ''Edu­ SEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Interior and Insular Affairs Committee and cation": FUNDS to each member from Nebraska in the Senate and House of Representatives of the United The difference is slight to the influence of States. an author, whether he is read. by five hun­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be­ fore the Senate a letter from the Ad­ "JOHN E. EvERROAD, dred readers or by five hundred thousand; "President ofthe legislature. if he can select the five hundred, he reaches ministrator, National Aeronautics and "HUGO F. SRB, the five hundred thousand. Space Administration, Washington, D.C., "Clerk of the legisZature." transmitting, pursuant to law, a report The program is not a "crash" one, but on the transfer of certain research and Two resolutions of the Ninth Guam Leg­ is designed, like education itself, to plant development funds which, with the ac­ islature; to the Committee on Interior and ·and cultivate the seed of understanding, companying report, was referred to the Insular Affairs: which, having germinated and taken Committee on Aeronautical and Space "RESOLUTION No. 309 root, quietly -.flourishes. Sciences. "Relative to respecttully petitioning and Too often today men are tempted to memorializing the Congress of the United think, in Emerson's phrase, that "things States to act favorably upon the pending are in the .saddle." Educational and cul­ PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS Economic Development Fund bill for the tural exchange reminds us that it is not territory of Guam, and in deciding on the on things-not on machinery and gadg­ Petitions, etc., were laid before the amount of such fund, to take into consid­ etry-but on the minds and hearts of Senate, or presented, and referred as eration the local monies so far spent on indicated: behalf of that Federal obllgatlon to trans­ men that the human fate depends. Our port off-island personnel to the Island as educational and cultural exchange pro­ By the PRESIDENT pro tempore: set forth in the Organic Act of Guam A resolution of the Legislature of the State grams are person oriented. They are our "Be it resolved by the Legislature of the American testimonial to the belief that, of Nebraska; to the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs: Territory of Guam~ though mountains cannot meet. people "WhereM, there is now pending before the always can. "LEGISLATIYE RESOLUTION 57 appropriate committees of the United States I commend this report to .the thought­ "Whereas, the Nebraska Legislature, in 1947 Congress, legislation which would set up an ful attention of the Congress. unanimously approved the Nebraska Recla­ Economic Development Fund to be used by mation Act which permitted the formation the territory of Guam in developing its civil­ LYNDON B. JOHNSON. ian economy now so exclusively dependent WHITE August 14, 1967. and organization of the 5:50,000 acre Ne­ THE HOUSE, braska Mid-State Reclamation District 1n upon military expenditures; and Buffalo, Ball and Merrick Counties, to further "Whereas, the need of such a tund is develop proposals of the multipurpose Mid­ great, there being many possibillties for eco­ MF.SSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT­ State Project, to utilize a :portion of the nomic development in Guam which either APPROVAL OF BILL water of the Platte River, now flowing un­ require costly investigati<>n or long term in­ A message in writing from the Presi­ used to the Gulf of Mexico; .and vestment before being realized; and dent of the United States was communi­ "WhereM, the Mid-State Project proposal "Whereas, 1n addition. the experience of will have .flood control as one of its multi­ Taiwan and Okinawa has demonstrated. that cated to the :Senate by Mr. Jones, one purpose functions and will include a chain when such an economic fund is set up, it of his secretaries, and he announced that of 23 reserv.oirs along the north edge of the serves as :seed inoney, which germinates on August 9, 1967, the President had Platte River Valley from Elm Creek on the growth throughout the economy .and is thus approved and signed the aet .tes, is nevertheless deemed a Bills were introduced, read the first EXPRESSION OF THE SENSE OF coastal port, anFlorida is not within Gray; to the Committee on Post Office and The National Federation of Independent these coastwise shipping laws and as a re­ Civil Service. Businesses claimed yesterday that more than sult is able to operate a successful light in­ S. 2284. A bill to allow certain service with half a million persons have lost their jobs dustry by utilizing raw materials shipped international organizations to be considered as a result of the new Federal minimum from foreign ports in foreign vessels, and creditable service for civil service retirement wage. since the problems of Guam and of the Vir­ purposes; to the Committee on P~t Office The Federation said results of its con­ gin Islands are in many respects similar, the and Civil Service. tinuous field surveys show 588,000 have lost Legislature is hopeful that the Congress (See the remarks of Mr. COOPER when he their jobs so far as an apparent result of will be able to mete out the same treatment introduced the last above-mentioned bill, the $1.40 an hour minimum wage that went to Guam with respect to the shipping laws as which appear under a separate heading.) into effect in February. has been previously given to the Virgin By Mr. GORE: The Federation said its survey, covering Islands; now therefore be it S. 2285. A bill for the relief of Gordon Shih 54,308 of the Nation's 4.7 m1llion independ­ "Resolved, that in view Of the foregoing, Gum Lee; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ent businesses, showed a 12 per cent de­ the Ninth Guam Legislature does hereby on By Mr. YARBOROUGH: crease in employment since the new wage behalf of the people of Guam respectfully s. 2286. A bill to provide for the inclusion law went into effect. The Federation warned petition and memorialize the Congress of of Panola and Shelby Counties, Tex., within the loss of jobs is increasing. the United States to exclude Guam from the the Marshall division of the eastern district operation of the coastwise shipping laws; and for the U.S. district courts in Texas; to the I ask that the bill be appropriately re­ be it further Committee on the Judiciary. ferred. 22538 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE August 14, 1967 I ask unanimous consent th&t tbe bill United States of America through which Mr. President, I send the bill to the be printed in· its entirely and that t11;e organizations concerned with standardi­ desk and ask that it be appropriately newspaper article be printed in the REC­ zation may cooperate .in recognizing, es­ referred. ORD as a part of my remarks. tablishing, and improving standards of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill the United States of America, based on will be received and appropriately will be reeeived and appropriately re­ a consensus of parties at interest, to the referred. ferred; and, without objection, the bill end that such standards remain dy­ The blll (S. 2284) to allow certain serv­ and article will be printed in the RECORD namic; that duplication of work is mini­ ice with international organizations to as requested. mized; that promulgation of conflicting be considered creditable service for civil The bill (S. 2281) to exempt certain standards may be avoided; and that in­ service retirement purposes, introduced businesses whose annual volume of sales dividual enterprise and initiative is en­ by Mr. COOPER, was received, read twice made or business done is less than $500,- courag.ed. by its title, and referred to the Commit­ 000 from the application of the Fair La­ Mr. President, 1 doubt whether we ap­ tee on Post Office and Civil Service. bor Standards Act of 1938, introduced by propriately appreciate what mechanical Mr. DIRKSEN (for himself and other Sen­ standardization means to this country ators), was received, read twice by its ti­ and to our industry. I think back to the TRANSFER OF PANOLA AND SHELBY tle, referred to the Committee on La­ time, for example, when there were COUNTIES, TEX.• FROM THE TY­ bor and Public Welfare, and ordered to scarcely two countries among the more LER DIVISION TO THE MARSHALL be printed in the RECORD, as follows: sophisticated countries of the world DIVISION OF THE U.S. DISTRICT s. 2281 where railroad gauges were precisely the COURT Be it enacted by the Senate and House of same. Therefore, a railroad car from a Mr. YARBOROUGH. Mr. President, I Representatives of the United States of French railroad could not run on an introduce, for appropriate reference, a America in Congress assembled, That (a) sec­ American ra.ilroad and vice versa. The bill to provide for the transfer of Panola tion S(s) (1) of the Fair Labor Standards Act same thing happened as far as screw and Shelby Counties, Tex., from the Ty­ of 1938 is amended to read as follows: threads were coneerned. When screw "(1) is an enterprise whose annual gross ler division to the Marshall division of volume of sales made or business done ls not threads were spaced differently they the U.S. District Court for the Eastern less than $500,000 (exclusive of excise taxes could not be mixed up and there was District of Texas. at the retail level which are separately nothing but confusion throughout indus­ The effect of this legislation would be stated) or is a gasoline service establishment try. to correct a difficulty in the present divi­ whose annual gross volume of sales ls not Mr. President, this is one of the most sion of the district. These two counties less than $250,000 (exclusive of excise taxes important matters of whi-ch I am aware. are much closer to Marshall than to Ty­ at the retail level which are separately That is the reason this organization stated):". ler. The most direct route to Tyler for should have a Federal charter, so that someone living in northern Panola Coun­ (b) Section 13(a) (2) of such Act is it amended by striking out "such establishment can go forward with this highly impor­ ty, for example, would take him through has an annual dollar volume of sales which tant work. The matter will, of course, Marshall. This transfer of jurisdiction ls less than $250,000" and inserting in lieu come before the Committee on the Judi­ will result In a substantial saving of time thereof "such establishment (except a gaso­ ciary. I trust that in due time we can and expense to litigants, members of the line service establishment) has an annual expedite action on the bill. bar, and jurors. This will be an economy dollar volume of sales which is less than The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill ih the operation of the courts. $500,000 (exclusive of excise taxes at the re­ will be received and appropriately re­ This measure has the support of the tail level which are separately stated) or 1s a ferred. gasoline service establishment and has an members of the bar of Harrison, Panola, annual dollar volume of sales which is less The bill (S. 2282) to incorporate the and Shelby Counties, Tex., and the ap­ than $250,000". United States of America Standards In­ proval of the chief judge of the District SEC. 2. The amendments made by this Act stitute, introduced by' Mr. DIRKSE'lf, was Court for the Eastern District of Texas. shall become ~ffectlve thirty days following received, read twice by its title, and re­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill the date of enactment of this Act. f erred to the Committee on the Judiciary. will be received and appropriately re­ The article presented by Mr. DIRKSEN f erred. is as follows: The bill (S. 2286) to provide for the CIVIL SERVICE RETIREMENT inclusion of Panola and Shelby Counties, WAGE OF $1.40 Is BLAMED FOR DIP IN HmING SYSTEM The National .Federation of Independent Tex., within the Marshall division of the Business claimed yesterday that more than Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, I am in­ Eastern District for the U.S. District half a million persons have lost their jobs troducing a bill today that would remove Courts in Texas, introduced by Mr. YAR­ as a result of the new Federal minimum an inequity in the civil service retirement BOROUGH, was received, read twice by its wage. system. title, and referred to the Committee on The Federation said results of its con­ the Judiciary. tinuous field surveys show 588,000 have lost Since 1955, employees of the Govern­ their jobs so far as an apparent result of the ment who have transferred to interna­ $1.40 an hour minimum wage that went into tional organizations f<>r periods of up to effect in .February. 3 -years have been entitled to full credit THE RIVER BASINS RESEARCH ACT The Federation said its survey, covering for the time served for the purposes of OF 196'7 64,308 of the Nation's 4.'1 million indepen~­ computing their annuities. Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, I introduce, ent businesses, showed a 12 per cent de­ in for appropriate reference, a bill pro­ crease in employment since the new wage Those who have served interna­ to law went into effect. The Federation warned tional organizations before that time are vide for additional research and training the loss of jobs is increasing. not so fortunate. They are generally en­ under the Water Resources Research Act As a result of the new la.w, the Federa­ titled to be credited for only one-half of 1964. In particular, this measure would tion said, more and more small businessmen the period served in an international or­ be directed at solving water resource are working out methods and buying equip­ ganization. Futhermore, if they were not problems in large river basins and would ment that will permit them to tire thelr least reemployed with the Federal Govern­ authorize increased opportunities for skilled employes. ment immediately after terminating investigation, study, and training in this their employment with the international important field. As our knowledge about organization, they are entitled to no water pollution increases and our con­ INCORPORATION ·OF UNITED credit at all. trol techniques and facilities become STATES OF AMERICA STANDARDS Mr. President, the bill I introduce to­ more complex and numerous, there ts an INSTITUTE day would remove this discrepancy. Sub­ ever increasing need for highly skilled Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, I intro-· ject to a requirement that they make a and trained personnel which this bill duce, f-or appropriate reference, a pro­ deposit calculated on the basis of the would attempt to meet. pasal to incorporate . the United States salary they received, those who have As one of those who has strongly sup-. of America Standards Institute. served with international organizations ported the Water Resources Research The purpose, as recited in the bill, is to before 1955 will be treated in the same A-ct of 1964, the Water Quality and act as the national coordinating institu­ way as those who have served since that the Water Resources Planning Acts tion for voluntary standardization in the time.· of 1965, and the increased authori- August 14, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE 22539 zation for water resource research in di:ff erent industrial complex, a different tutes proposed in this bill could help pro­ 1966, I am very pleased that the Fed­ pattern ·of human occupancy. Because vide opportunities not now sufficiently eral Government has taken the lead dur­ no two rivers can be expected to respond available to solve today's water quality ing the last few years in encouraging identically to the varied landseapes control problems. At the same time, they the study of water quality control prob­ through which they flow, no common would serve as primary centers for study lems and the maintenance of desirable pattern of controls can be expected to and anaiysJs of the interrelated water water standards. Congress took a mo­ result in equally desirable conditions of resource problems in our major river ba­ mentous step forward in 1964 when it water quality. As increasing use is made sins. For these res.sons, Mr. President, I authorized substantial grants to each of our surface water supply, we must believe this approach merits serious con­ State for the purpose of helping to es­ have knowledge which will enable the sideration and prompt attention. tablish a water resources resef!,rch in­ projection of river quality conditions with The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill stitute at a college or university in that anticipated greater use; without such will be received and appropriately re­ State. Although the act of 1964 pro­ ability based upon fact, we can expect ferred. vided for an additional $1 ~illion to be only to attempt solutions to existing The bill the New York Times. July 23., .1967] The aim would be to change the atmos­ posed amendments to Senate bill 1872, E:rsl!::NHOWER'S Mml!:AST PLAN phere 1n the Middle Ea.st. An attempt would supra, Which were ordered to be printed. The 1lght1ng has been over for six weeks Jn be made 14<> turn the focus of thoughts from the Middle East but the first steps have yet t.o the hatred and feuds ·or the past to tne op­ be taken toward peace; The debates. of the portunities of the future. To fight over ELECTIONS IN SAIGON emergency General Assembly have, .as an­ buckets c;f water and strips of desert should ticipated. proved futile. While the Security begin to seem ridiculous when whole rivers Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, this Council has sent United Nations observers and nrtles of fertile fields can be obtained morning's New York Times contains to Suez, war has merely been replaced by an more easily. If that day of Wisdom can be some interesting comments by Mr. James armed truce that Soviet weapons shipments reached, border problems and other ques­ P. Brown, a member of the editorial board tions should prove easier to negotiate. could conv~ lllto another round of combat. of the New York Times. concerning the It is essential now that diplomacy be de­ coming elections in Saigon. ployed in more constructive work than the [From the Washington Star] WATER FOR THE MIDDLE EAST In his article, Mr. Brown presents a posturing. vituperation and propaganda of the this Assembly session .called at Moscow's A plan to enhance the regional economic brief summary of the events of past insistence. development of the Middle East by means of 18 months relating to the elections and The elements of a settlement are known: water desalting plants is now on President the problems our Government faces in Israeli troop withdrawals; termination of Johnson's desk. The basic idea is constructive its announced objective of assisting the Arab belligerency and recognition of Israel~ and worthy. Indeed, at a time when arms are South Vietnamese people achieve self­ right to live; resettlement of Arab refugees again pouring into the Arab lands, it looks determination. by both sides; free navigation in Aqaba and like one of the few positive steps that might Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ Suez; agreed borders; special status for the be taken toward peace in the area. sent that the article be printed in the Old City of Jerusalem or at least its religious The author of the plan is Lewis L. Strauss, shrines; fair division of water; regional eco­ 'former chairman of the Atomic Energy Com­ RECORD. nomic development; demilitarized zones; a mission. President Eisenhower has enthusias­ There being no objection, the article U.N. presence; pledges of nonuse of force. in­ tically forwarded the blueprint to the White was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, cluding guerrilla raids; limitation of arms Honse. The program calls for constructing as follows: deliveries. three huge nuclear desalinization plants. TROUBLED OUTLOOK FOR SAIGON'S ELECTIONS The question is how to begin. Which of capable of producing rivers of fresh water. (By James P. Brown) these elements. put in place, can lay the One would be on the Mediterranean coast of foundation for the others in a stable struc­ Isr.ael, another in the Gaza Strip, and a third Eighteen months ago at Honolulu, the ture? in Jordan on the Gulf of Aqaba. Much of the President of the United States and the mm.:. An imaginative new approach is urgently output of these plants would be used by re­ tary rulers of South Vietnam mutually needed. It could lie in an audacious attack settled refugees. pledged to hold free elections that would on the two most Tocalcltrant elements in the -Clean, sweet water is a magical element in offer the people of South Vietnam a govern­ twenty-year Arab-Israeli conflict--water and the Middle East. The Israelis already have ment of their own choosing. refugees. Former President Eisenhower is shown what miracles can be performed With From the United States point of ·view. such sponsoring such-a plan, as C. L. Sulzberger's it by irrigating citrus and other crops in the elections were a moral and practical neces­ columns reported last week. it is a plan so desert. And both Strauss and Eisenhower sity. They were needed to introduce in Saigon daring in its conception and so huge in size think water may be the universal solvent to a popular government that would justify to that it could conceivably capture the imagi­ wash away ancient ethnic hatreds in that an increasingly skeptical world the pro­ nation of many who now are too absorbed in region. claimed American objective of self-deter­ nursing their hatreds ,to be distracted by It will take an act of political statesman­ mination for the South Vietnamese people. smaller proposals. Mr. Eisenhower's idea -ship on President .Johnson's part to endorse They were also needed to install a Saigon which has been worked out in some detail this plan. Admiral Strauss at one time was government capable of rallying support by Admiral Lewis Strauss, dwarfs all previ­ eordially disliked in the Senate. which re­ throughout the countryside for the faltering ous development plans, including the John­ .fused to confirm him as Secretary of Com­ war and pacification efforts . ston Plan of his own Administration which merce in 1959. Johnson was among those vot­ Returning from Honolulu, Premier Ky called for sharing the remaining unused ing against the appointment. made no move to set the Constitution­ water of the Jordan River. It ls four times And although Eisenhower's interest in building process in motion. He talked vaguely the size of a similar project suggested in Middle Eastern water problems goes back of elections toward the end of 1967. But, London last month by Baron Edmund de more than a decade, President Johnson also bolstered by the endorsement he had received Rothschild. has been active in this area, pushing ahead from President Johnson, the Premier moved Mr. Eisenhower would provide the Mideast to strengthen hiS dictatorial grasp on the with studies on a U.S.-Israeli nuclear desa­ Saigon Government. With three gigantic atomic plan~ to desalt linization project on the Mediterranean much sea water. the first of which would produce However, he misjudged the temper of the like one of those Strauss proposed. South Vietnamese people-and apparently of as much fresh water as the combined flow There are reasons to hope that the Arabs of the whole Jordan River and all its tribu­ Will listen to talk about water. Both Israel some of his own mllltary associates as well. taries. The three plants together would be When the Premier abruptly dismissed the and five Arab nations that had wrangled for popular commander of the First Corps Area, the equivalent of two-and-a-half ~ordan years over the Jordan's waters have been Rivers. They could .irrigate vast desert demonstrations broke out in the northern represented at international conferences here cities of Hue and Danang. demanding an regions and bring into ploom a new California on desalinization. Just the other day, Egypt's in the Middle East, large enough to resettle end to m11itary rule. In the face of mount­ President Nasser, striking a new note of mod­ ing protest, which soon spread to Saigon, Ky all the Arab refugees and, with industry eration, said he would be agreeable to talks stimulated by cheap atomic power, to raise hastily promised early elections and a speedy With the United States. presumably to re­ return to civilian rule. living standards generally in the Arab world. establish diplomatic relations. If he will talk Weeks later, however, after demonstrators The economic feasibility of atomic water­ about this, perhaps the door will remain ajar had been suppressed in a bold show of force, desalting in this area already has been favor­ for discussion of water too. Ky Withdrew many of his promises. He w.as ably evaluated. by Israel. Construction of a The plan-whether one gives it a Strauss or still committed irrevocably to elections; but first plant. far smaller than those projected Johnson label-is a fresh note of hope. It de­ he moved ·skillfully to devise an electoral in the new plan, haS' been shown to be eco­ serves a thorough public airing and biparti­ process that would maximize the influence nomic if credit can be obtained at 3 ~ per san support. -0f the junta. minimize the impact of the cent interest. Larger plants would produce Buddhists and insure continuing military water more cheaply. Some experts believe rule for at least another year. that a chartered corporation like Comsat :that would raise public and private funds inter­ THE FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT OF DOUBTS ABOUT JUNTA nationally could not only finanoe the 1967-AMENDMENTS Two months before the September 1966 plants-the total cost would be less than one AMENDMENT NO. 259 voting for a Constituent Assembly, a Times year's expenditure on the moon program­ correspondent reported from Saigon-: ..The but pay a return to investors. Mr. MILLER submitted amendments, generals appear to regard the election and Unlike previous .development plans, which intended to be proposed by him, to the Constitution-making process as largely a depended on Arab-Israeli agreement. this one bill (S .. 1872) to amend further the For­ method to legl timize their own power and obviously could go forward in one or two eign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, not as steps toward an eventual civilian gov­ countries at a time-starting with Israel and and for other purposes. which were or­ ernment." Jordan perhaps, or Israel, Jordan and Egypt. dered to lie on the table and to be printed. The election itself was something less Once under way, it would be difficult for AMENDMENT NO. 260 than a model as a free expression of popu­ other countries to stay out. If there are politi­ lar will. Not only Communists, but "pro­ cal objections to American plants, French, Mr. JACKSON (for himself. Mr. Communlsts" and "neutralists" were barred British or Russian desalting plants could be TOWER, Mr. HICKENLOOPER, Mr. JAVITS, from the ballot, categories broad -enough contracted for-. Mr. SPARKMAN and Mr. STENNIS) pro- to permit the exclusion of almost anyone of 22542 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 14, 1961 whom the regime disapproved. There were done so for some time, and now, perhaps, Genem.1 Johnson, in his televiSion re­ widespread. reports of government pressure speak with a louder voice. I would point marks, sa.tJ.d he previously had doubts re­ to turn out a big vote, and to elect govern­ ment sponsored candidates. out, however, that the proposal I have garding the coming election and won­ Within these lim.1tations, however, the bal­ made for an unconditional cessation of dered whether it would be an honest loting was conducted with surprising em­ bombing, has received support from Sen­ election. So, he said he raised the issue Ciency a.n.d wiithout many of the more :fla.­ ators and Members of the House of Rep­ earlier this week with Gen. Cao Van gmnit abuses that had been customary 1n resentatives, some of whom heretofore Vien, South Vietnam's Chief of the Joint previous Vietnamese elections. Although the had supported intensified bombing. Many General Staff, and General Vien "assured 117-ma.n Assembly that was chosen was agree that cessation would test the will­ me that there would be honest elections." drawn largely from the old, privileged urban General Johnson added, .,and I believe elite dominant since the la.st days of the ingness of North Vietnam to enter nego­ French, its members began to display signs tiations. I hope the administration will him. He is a straightforward man." of independence. make a decision-if not before the elec­ Vietnam over thousands of years has This democratic spirit was soon tem­ tion, after the election-to cease the been one nation. Furthermore, the pered., however, by pressures from the junta. bombing unconditionally to determine if Geneva agreement of 1954 stated: It obtained, in the end, essentially the kind we can find a way toward negotiation and The military demarcation line at the l'lth of Constitution it wanted, though not with­ settlement of the war. parallel is provisional and should not in any out some compromise. way be considered a.s constituting a political Having successfully engineered the writ­ or territorial boundary. ing of a Constitution that could become the INCREDIBLY RECKLESS BOMBING vehicle for continued, strong military rule-­ OF NORTH VIETNAM This is a clear statement that this is a as in Korear-e.nd having promoted an elec­ demarcation line, or zone, within a coun­ tion law weighted. heavily in their favor, the Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. Mr. President, try and very clearly there is no "aggres­ mllitary leaders might have reasonably been within the last 2 days our warplanes have sion" from the north. Very definitely this expected to play the election game accord­ bombed railroads, bridges, and buildings ing to rules they had largely determined. is a civil war in Vietnam. Furthermore, This has not been the case. in North Vietnam so far to the north of General Westmoreland has stated that In the past few months, the military men Hanoi that the targets bombed, evidently the bulk of the VC fighting us in South have violated rules on campaigning and cen­ on order of President Johnson, are with­ Vietnam were born and reared in the sorsh1p. They have obliged the Assembly to in 10 miles of the border of Communist Mekong Delta. Gen. Richard Stillwell, his ellm.1nate two serious rivals. They have har­ China. This is an incredibly reckless ac­ second in command, stated that 80 per­ assed. their civilian opponents. tion and in addition, a stupid one. cent of the Vietcong fighting against us EMBASSY SILENCE Then, over the weekend here at home in the Mekong Delta which is south of And in an ultimate show of contempt for we observed the spectacle of Adm. Ulysses Saigon were born and reared in that area. the whole electoral process, they have passed Grant Sharp, commanding our fleet in It is unfortunate that we tolerate gen­ the word-now retracted under Washington the Pacific deviating from his duties and erals and admirals speaking out publicly pressure--that no matter who wins they in­ appearing on television advocating great­ tend to go right on setting national policy on matters of foreign policy. It would be er escalation of our involvement in Viet­ weil if PresiClent Johnson would recall through a "military affairs committee." nam and bombing of more targets in In the fact of these indignities, the Ameri­ the fact that when Prime Minister can Embassy in Saigon has maintained a re­ North Vietnam, including Haiphong Churchill was in this country during sounding silence. Assistant Secretary of State .Harbor. . World War II and it was suggested to William Bundy offers unpersuasive denials Gen. Harold K. Johnson, Chief of Staff him by President Franklin D. Roosevelt that anything ls seriously amiss. And other of our Army, also appeared on television that the Chief of Staff of the Armed high otnclals in Washington continue to and insisted that the South Vietnamese Forces of Great Britain, who accom­ boa.st of "democratic" development in Viet­ presidential elections to be held Septem­ panied him, should be invited to address nam in superlatives that make the realities ber 3 will be honest. He denied that· the of Saigon all the more appalling. Unless a joint session of the U.S. Congress, the Saigon and Washington move much more Saigon regime's military junta of 10 gen­ Prime Minister responded immediately resolutely to salvage their Honolulu pledge, erals, who overcame the duly elected and vigorously: the turn will be downward toward disaster. civilian government of South Vietnam by His Majesty's government speaks through It is late, but not too late. a military coup, have by their actions me, its First Minister, not through some turned the coming elections into a farce general. and a fraud. U.S. BOMBING NEAR THE CHINESE Here we have a spectacle of a top BORDER admiral and the Chief of Staff of the REASONS FOR A RESIGNATION Army uttering policy statements, step­ FROM U.S. MILITARY ACADEMY Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, a few mo­ ping out of their roles as Army and naval ments ago the distinguished .majority officers. With a tremendous war effort Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I ask leader commented on the bombing of a such as we are making with more than unanimous consent to have inserted at bridge in North Vietnam near the Com­ one-half million fighting men waging war the end of my remarks a statement of imunist Chinese border, a 1 minute's in Southeast Asia, obviously professional resignation from the U.S. Military Acad­ flight from the border. The bombing of officers of our Armed Forces, who would emy submitted by a young citizen of my this target and targets always nearer the ordinarily have been retired following 20 State whom I had the honor to nominate center of Hanoi definitely represents a or 30 years of active duty as colonels in as a cadet. The statement sets forth change in policy by our Government. the Army or captains in the Navy, be­ clearly, thoughtfully, and without re­ Many including myself had hoped that come generals and admirals. Many hun­ crimination the cadet's reasons for re­ the President and the administration dreds of them now confidently aspire to, signing. I believe that it is of interest, would adopt another type of policy, the and achieve, promotions to be generals first because it tells something about the cessation of bombing in North Vietnam to and admirals before retiring from the way in which our professional officers are seek negotiation rather than one of es­ armed services. This is the unfortunate trained, 'Qut, more important, because it calation of bombing activities. end result of increasing the number of is a statement of the essentially civilian I voice the hope that, if not before the our Armed Forces to well over 3 million, values of our democratic society. It elections have been held, then after the fighting an American war, and permit­ seems clear that this young man has re­ elections have been held in South Viet­ ting the generals and admirals in the signed from the Military Academy not nam, the administration will test the Pentagon to have this Nation police the for lack of respect for the Academy and course toward negotiation, one that many entire world and to play an increasingly the U.S. Army but because of a positive have suggested and the one which I large role in formulating national preference for freedom of thought and have emphasized in many speeches, the policy. freedom of action, values which inevi­ cessation of bombing without conditions. Mr. President, as an example of that tably are circumscribed in the Armed Mr. President. there has been a grow­ situation, I refer to the sending of three Forces. ing chorus in the Congress for intensi­ of our airplanes into the Congo to give Although I fully respect this cadet's fied bombing, but I do not believe it rep­ logistic support to Pr_esident Mobutu of ·reasons for resigning from the Military resents any additional support for bomb­ the Congo; and sending those planes Academy, I believe that he probably ing. Those who advocate this course, have there without informing the Congre&S. would have made a good officer. I cer- August 14, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL · RECORD - SENATE 22543 tainly have no regret for having nomi- sires, so much so that they have entered very doctrination here a11 the Academy is not a nated him. · heavily into my decision. Lest I leave the preparation for a career that embodies many There being no objection, the letter impression that I am dealing only with vague of the same qualities? I do not believe so. generalities, I will list a number of specmcs. No one can deny that the Army is a strictly was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, I have found intolerable the tremendous ordered and regimented organization, far as follows: amount of subjugation and regimentation more so than most other professional organi­ U.S. CORPS OF CADETS, that the Corps of Cadets, and I as a member, zations. It is precisely this strict adherence West Point, N.Y., February 18, 1967. has been subjected to. For much of it I can to doctrine that I find personally objection­ Subject Resignation. see no purpose, other than perhaps such able. I do not believe that I can perform to To Tactical Officer, Company A, 2nd Regi­ ambiguities as "discipline" and "training". the best of my abilities under a system that ment U.S. Corps of Cadets, West Point, For instance, I am required to attend a can tolerate no deviation from a· rigidly pre­ N.Y. weekly Christian religious service; the ideal scribed pattern. 1. I hereby tender my resignation as a of individual freedom to worship or not to e. As a young adult male, I am obligated cadet, and request that it be accepted to worship has been removed. I am confined to to render military service to my country. It take effect immediately. my room every evening for a "study period", is my intention to do so if called upon. How­ 2. My reasons for resigning are as follows: except on Saturdays, when I am permitted ever, there is a great degree of difference be­ a. After having completed two years of to leave the barracks complex so long as I ac­ tween voluntarily choosing a military career, study here at the Military Academy, I have count for my absence on an absence card in and serving a legally required obligation. So decided that I no longer desire to remain my room. I am confined well within the lim­ long as the choiCe is mine to make freely, I here as a cadet, nor do I desire a Regular its of the post, except during leave periods can only choose a civilian occupation. Army commission and a career in the Army. (for a sophomore, leaves are normally f. I must emphasize that it is not the pur­ This is obviously a change from my earlier granted at Christmas, summer, and on one pose of this letter to criticize, condemn, or choice, and my decision to resign has been weekend each semester). Furthermore, all pass judgment upon the M111tary Academy arrived at after a prolonged and thorough cadets are continually subjected to punish­ or the Army. In the first place, I am not qual­ consideration of all the possible ramifica­ ment for a myriad of offenses, all at the dis­ ified to do so. Secondly, the Academy has tions. I have been contemplating such a de­ cretion of superior officers. I will now list proven over the years that it is quite capable cision for over a year, and I have done every­ a number of such cases, not for humor, but of fulfilling its mission-that is, capable of thing possible to obtain objective appraisal to illustrate the excessive regimentation en­ producing superior officers. The point in and independent advice from various parties. countered here. A number of cadets in my question is whether or not I .desire the Acad­ It has been a difficult decision, but I feel company have been punished for not cover­ emy to mold me into such an officer. Just as lt is one that I must make. I believe I have ing themselves with sheets when sleeping. some people are not psychologically prepared had sufficient experience as a cadet and a Cadets are continually punished for "public to become doctors or lawyers, others are not former Army dependent to make such a display of affections", such as holding a so prepared to become career officers. This, of decision; I believe that I understand what girl's hand at a dance. I myself was punished course, casts no doubts upon the merits of is demanded of me as a cadet and, later, as rather severely for an offense for which I these professions. I am simply saying that I an officer, and this, coupled with my chang­ was exonerated by a board of three officers. am not the type of person who could or ing values and goals, has led me to the (It was explained to me by an officer that the would best serve the Army from a profes­ conclusion that I cannot nor will not ful­ punishment was necessary to "serve as an sional point of view. I feel it is both in the fill the requirements for a successful career example".) A number of cadets have been Army's and my own best interests that I re­ in the Army. Since the deadline for such a punished for sleeping during evening study sign now, and begin the pursuit of another decision ls rapidly approaching (due to di­ periods. Others have been punished because profession. rectives from the Department of Army), and their dates wore skirts with hemlines too far 3. Since the date of my entrance, my I can see no reason to embark upon an un­ above the knees, in the Judgment of an offi­ treatment as a cadet has been without dis­ desired career only to change careers later in cer. I could continue, but the point is made. crimination and similar to that given all life, I have ma.de the final decision. There In every respect, a cadet is completely reg­ my classmates. are a great number of factors which have ulated and regimented. All of his activities 4. I am 20 years of age. My parents' con­ caused me to reject my early desires for are supervised by superiors, much as they sent to my resignation is attached. hereto. such a career. Some of these factors lie with­ are in the rest of the Service. However, there 5. I understand that upon acceptance of in the Academy and the Army, while others are striking differences. The military indoc­ my resignation I will be transferred to the are purely personal in nature. trination here permeates every activity­ Army Reserve in an appropriate enlisted b. I have found through my training and from recreation to religion to academics. The grade and, that I may be ordered to active contact with the military establishment, undergraduate education is administered duty for not more than four years. limited though that training and contact almost solely by officers-all well educated 6. I agree to liquidate any indebtedness may be, that I do no flt well into the system. but also continually cognizant of the need to the Treasurer, U.S. Military Academy, as I have found that the tasks encountered by to discipline and regiment the student body. soon as possible after my account is settled a Junior officer are to me, at best, tolerable Every course is geared to its mmtary appli­ and final statement rendered. and, at worst, quite undesirable. Some men cation. To develop aggressive combat lead­ - 7. The provisions of paragraiph 35d, AR may derive great personal satisfaction in ers, every cadet is pitted against his col­ 601-100 have been brought to my attention. leading a platoon or company of enlisted leagues in a never ending competition. I am aware of the fact that notwithstanding men through the rigors of combat or com­ Grades 'and class rank are conspicuously any other provision of law, no person who bat training-I do not. I derive no personal posted, intramural athletics are required for was a cadet at the United States Military, satisfaction from the strict orderliness of all, and military training is put on a com­ Naval, or Air Force Academies may be origi­ the military establishment, nor in a supreme petitive basis. This is perhaps good, but it nally appointed in a commissioned grade in devotion to duty, when such duty is merely is carried even farther and its value and the Regular Army before the date on which to execute without question the wishes and merit then becomes questionable. For in­ his classmates at that Academy are graduated orders of superior officers in a pyramidial stance, all cadets are periodically required to and appointed as officers. In addition, no bureaucracy. I derive no personal satisfaction pass Judgment on all their classmates and person who was a cadet at, but did not grad­ in the prospect of being sent by my govern­ subordinates within their company as to uate from, an Academy may be credited, upon ment to distant parts of the world to act these cadets' mmtary aptitude. The Honor appointment as a commissioned officer in the as an instrument of military diplomacy. I Code requires every cadet not only to per­ . Regular Ar.my, with longer service than that find no satisfaction in a system in which I sonally adhere to it, but to ensure that all credited to any member of his class at that am given a thorough and broad education, · other cadets do so. It is a grand system. in Academy whose service in the Army has and then required to adhere to a system of which every officer monitors the cadets, and been continuous since graduation. strict obedience to orders and formula. I every cadet is required to monitor his col­ do not mean to imply that an officer's work is leagues. The result is an efficiently self-po­ not difficult or challenging-the opposite is lioed system of rules and regulations, in quite true. However, the work and challenge which no deviation from the prescribed path READERS BITE ON TONGUE-IN­ is all well delineated within the system, with can go unpunished, in one way or another. CHEEK ARTICLE .little room allowed for pursuit of objectives Each cadet is pitted against every other cadet in new and unique ways. in the struggle to succeed. If a cadet follows Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, a column c. Since becoming a cadet, I have been all the rules, he runs the risk of alienating by Russell Baker, in the New York Times greatly disillusioned by what I have found himself from his contemporaries, whereas of August 10, 1967, apparently has mis­ at the Military Academy. Much of the fault failure to follow all the rules can only re­ led some readers. With tongue-in-cheek, for this lies with me, since it seems I was not sult in official chastisement. Mr. Baker alleges that H. Rap Brown is sufficiently aware of what I was to encounter. d. I would be hasty to make a. decision to Nevertheless, I believe fault also lies with resign without examining what a career as an unknown outside agitator on the pay­ the Academy, In that the Academy did not an officer has to offer, and how well I would roll of the Senate Committee on Appro­ fully outline what it would demand of me fit such a career. Certainly much of the re­ priations and that Stokely Carmichael as a: potential cadet. I have found a number striction, subjugatlon. and Nglment>ation will was invented 3 years ago by my commit­ of practices here at the Academy that run be alleviated upon graduat~,,n. However, can tee. Farfetched as this attempt at humor counter to my personal convictions and de- one logically believe that the system of in- is, it must be made clear that these in- '.225M CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· .SENATE August 14, 1967 dividuals ar.e not now, nor hav.e they use of mum110GVer 'a;gitators is .not dictated ..traffic was up almost 27 per cent in the first ever been, -0n the payroll 'Of the Senate ..solely by stinginess. six months of this year while Na-tional's was Committee on Appropriations. '"The fact .ds." 'One such Congressman ex­ UJ> 14 per cent. plained. ":some -pr.oblemB are ·so difficult "th&t 'The CAB -can .go ahead and take the ste_ps I ask unanimous consent that the col­ we (OO:n:'t do much ~ut 'them, ·no :matter llow needed ·to shift the emphasis from Na'ti'Onal umn be printed ln the RECORD at this .much -we hav.e t.o .spend. Still, the public ex­ to Dulles. It can use the formula TWA pro­ point. pects us to oome l:lp with .answers. As long .:as poses, reduce the mlleage zones, eliminate There being no objection, the article -w.e hav..e ;a few "Rap :Browns" working for :us more lenger 1lights into Nati-onal, and estab­ was •Ordered to be printed in the RECORD, ·we :can be :certain .o·f having .an answer when lish .a permll-nent pattern of air traffic. It wiU as follows: the public w.ants lt." "h:ave to do that sometime; it -ought to ·de it now. [From the New York Times, Aug. 10, 1967] 'TO CREATE AN ILL'USION RAP BROWN, A CONGRESSMEN'S FRIEND IN NEED The Congressman's need to create the illu­ (By Russell Baker) .sion of being .at ;gr:i.ps with great issues which JUDGE HOOKS ATTACKS are, ln .fact, beyond him .ext.ends to :fields VIOLENCE WASHrNGTON, August 9.-Many persons other. than .race. It maintains a large cadre .of nave been infuriated this summer by the underco:v.er peace agitators, for exam.ple. Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I think demagogic Virtuosity of H. Rap Brown, but These are the agents w.ho conducted the that most Americans and Tennesseans very few know "Brown's" true identity. His now infamous .flag burnings this year for the -real name is John Green and he is an under­ :are acate]y aware that the Rap Browns .House of .Representatives, which was then and Stokely Carmichaels speak only ~or cover outside agitator on the payroll of the .s@rely .frustrated by its .inability to come to Senate Appro:prlations Committee. .grips with the Vletnam issue. themselves and n-0t for N.egroes or·whites. His .assignment ls to help Congress find in­ With the .speed of a Warner Brother.s How~ver, Judge Ben L. 'Hooks, of expensive solutions to the nation's racial cavalry, the House .galloped to defense of the Memphis, judge of Shelby County crim­ problem. ·When racial animosity threatens to flag by voting to imprison its desecrators. inal .court, diYision IV,, an~ .incidentally erupt at a gi-ven location, Green-or "Rap Thus its underccover a.gitato.i:s help it to .deal himself· a Negro, ;rooently made a speech Brown," to use his undercover name-hurries with crisis .abroad and .at .home, .a.nd "Rap in Knoxville pointing ,out that black to the scene, delivers infiammatory ha­ Browns" sav.e the day~ power, in its construction meaning. does rangues ~nd in other WlSUbtle ways seeks io ma'ke himself highly vlsible. ·not mean racism and destruction. Rather- HOW IT'S D.ONE RELIEF OF :OONGESTION AT :rt calls .for the Negroes to help clean up :In this way, Brown helps ;Congress to save NATIONAL. AmPORT undesirable .conditions, take advantage of all billions. A Senate aif un­ The proposal put forward by Trans-World phis has told a Knoxville audience that, re­ dercover outsitie agitators originated three Airlines for reducing -the -congestion at Na.­ .gardless .of how wrong the ri'Ots are, they years ;ago when the Appropriations Commit­ tiOn-al AirpGrt ls one ·that 'the CAB should ·shou.ld make Negroes am.ct white people more tee invented "Stokely ca.rmtehaeL" explore in depth. TWA suggests that ea.ch aware of the needs .of the underprivileged. ..Carm.ichael"-hls Teal :name ls Peter airline be required 'to assign to Dulles ·or .Judge B. L. Hooks, judge of Shelby COUnty Mulligan-was an ambttious young lawyer Pri.endshlp 25 per cent of its fllgllts involving Criminal Court, Division IV, made the re­ with ·a theatrical taste for Thetoric and un­ ei'tles 1.ess than 225 miles ·away, 50 per 'Cent marks at a banquet of the M. W. Prince Hall derO()ver -work "'Which was n()t .satisfied lby the of the fJlghts of 225 'to 650 miles, '66% per Grand Lodge F&A'M, part of "the statewide Ne­ humdrum of .his chores .on the Sen'ate Sttaff. eent of flights -of 650 to 900 mi1es, and all gro Masonic body's ·97th annual convention At th:attlme the civil-rights movement.had flights of more than 9GO llliles. belng held here ·thls week. begun to :generate .such popul arity that Con­ The idea has the advantage -Of forcing from The 'black power concept as advanced by gress foresaw it might soon be requir.ed to National some -Of the feeder tmmc from Stok!ely 'Cannicbae1. H. Rap Brown .and .oth­ support public promises with large outlays of small cities, partlcl:llarly 1n the South, as well ers was assailed by J'udg.e Hooks. ..If .black .cash. - as seme of t:he longer flights. l:t also has the power means disobeying and denouncing the To f"OrestaU t1liis possibility--.atter all, the advantage <>f mollifying some Congressmen 'laws of the ccmntry, violence, destruction o! United. States could rebuild its cities ar it who are more worrled a.bout retaining the homes :and businesses, -suen .as we'v.e seen in could unbulld Vietnam, but it ·could scarcely use t>f National !or themselves and their-con­ Detroit, Milwaukee a.nd other cities, then be -expected to do both without aff~cting the stituents than they are about ·s<'>lving the rm against lt," 'he declared. eeonomy--Mulligan was sent f-o.rth as problems of congestion, noise and pollution "Blaclt power, in Its constructive mean­ "Stokely Carmichael" to reduce public sup­ that Nationai creates. ing, -calls f-0r the Negr.oes to help clean up port for the elvll-rigbts movement. But the proposal is only a temporary solu­ undeslrable eonditlons, ta'ke advantage of It is 13!'.ld that "Black Power I.. , his ·slogan tion. The growth of "Rlr traffic ts so 'great that. all edueatlmra.1 '<>IJIPGl'liunlties, save their which so successfully cooled the egifitartan although TWA's formula would move 22 per money, estabiish ·:financial institutions," he ardor of white "'liberals, was actually the in­ cent of the J>resent operations out of Na­ said. spiration of Senator Eastland -of Mississippi. tional, the airport would be just as crowded "It means Negroes ·are to have their votes In any case. it helped Congress avoid .smne in less than three years as it is now. 'In that ba:lloted and counted in all elections, rather heavy expenditures, 'and incidentaUy time, TWA assum-es, Nati'Onal wm be rebulit whether we vote togeth1lr with the white generated a .good deail of New York sympathy 'SO it ·ean handle more pa:ssengers. people or in a biock," he said. :fo.r the Mississippi w.ay ,of life. The details o:! the plan, unfortunat'ely, are "These riots may be a call to all of us, -when Mulligan tired of the than'k1ess role designed -to -app:ea:l -prim-arHy t.o the Congress­ white and Negro, and especially ·to ~he mid­ of undercover outstde 'B,gfta-'tor and expressed. 'lllen who have comj)Ia.lned. the most. For dle and upper class Negro, to work more a yearning to se-e ~ha.t world, he -was taken examp1e, It would 'lllove out of National ·none um.gently with those who an on the bottom on by "the CU.A., wtth tbe 'Stipulation that he of the nonstop flights servlng Atlanta a:nd economically "th-at their p1ight may be malnital:n. .h1s ".Carmlcllael" cov.er. He . wa.s only about a third of 'those serving Chicago eased," Judge 'Hooks sald. last .heard from in CUba.. while moving about hal'! of th'OSe to and. from .. Many _tlm.es.'' lle sald, "God has used ·Cong:nessmenarena:turaU_y reluctant to sa-_y Boston. Th-a -complaining congressmen, of people who did .not own him or confess him bow m.a.n_y 'ether nndereover outside a.gitatoM c·ourse, -aTe those who fiy regula.rly from as h_e .used th-e .Ass,yrlans, Babylonla.ns and they ll:ave in the .field,, ready to pr.ovide them Chicago and Atlanta.. Chaldean"B, 'to chastlse his own people when wlth qu!Ck low.,.budget solutions should so.­ The sim,ple fact is that Dulles, not Na­ they 1l:ave strayed. So the question may very cial breakdown continue. A,nd, of course, aa tional, ought to be this city's major alrpor't. well be not Why men did this but why dld more -sens'ltive Con-gressm:en Temind -us, th-e ·It -Will become -that in time. Its -passenger God permit 'it?" August 14, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 22545 A Memphis native, Judge Hooks received provide opportunity for our citizens. only could be won but could be won pretty his law degree from DePaul University, Chi­ Then it is up to the individual to pro­ quickly (though Vietnam by now ls chang­ cago, and has served as a minister, business­ ing some old American notions of warfare) • man and practicing lawyer. He was once as­ ytde the qualities that the Government cannot supply, and that is personal ini­ As the politicians angled for votes, they sistant public defender for indigent de­ seemed convinced that they had the once­ fendants in criminal court. tiative and a willingness to work. and-!or-all solutions· to the age-old problems The judge said the hate philosophies of All these programs and all these bil­ of the poor; all that had to be done was t.o Carmichael, Brown and others are frequently lions of dollars cannot make everyone back up those ideas with cash. spread by communications media attempting healthy, wealthy, and wise, neither· can Unfortunately problems built up over more to report the facts. we alleviate poverty by the stroke of a than a century are simply not susceptible to "Stories of what these people say fre­ pen or by creating another extension of instant solutions, no matter how well de­ quently give the lllusion of a larger follow­ the already vast Federal bureaucracy. vised the programs may be. And the fact is ing than they have,'' he said, adding that that a good deal of the poverty war has greater coverage should be given to the more Moreover, judging fr.om the tragic riot­ been either poorly planned or poorly con­ moderate Negroes who are more representa­ ings we have seen, neither can we expect ducted-or both. tive. the outpouring of billions of dollars to Disillusionment was quick to set in among But he added: "I don't think anybody is automatically result in domestic tran­ the poor themselves. When people are prom­ really speaking for the black people on the quillity or obedience of the law. ised the impossible and come to believe in it, bottom. That's our big challenge: to reach These are matters which address them­ even sizable gains can appear sharply dis­ them, communicate with them and see 1f appointing. In the not-very-long run, this we cannot translate their frustration into selves to individual citizens and to State and local law enforcement. It should be sort of vote-buying can turn out to be not something real without having to use vio­ merely cruel; it can boomerang politically lence, which is something evil." clear to everyone by now that, unfortu­ as well. nately, law and order will be very difficult A realization of that sort may be creeping to maintain so long as the Rap Browns, over Washington. At any rate, there's more CONGRESS IS WRONGFULLY the Stokely Carmichaels, and others like emphasis in omcial circles on education as MALIGNED them go about preaching hatred and the best long-term hope of easing poverty. Mr. TALMADGE. Mr. President, Con­ mob violence. The former Federal o:fD.cial who argued !or gress has been maligned and held up to The fact is that people camwt be shoring up the Negro family structure no bribed into obeying the law. So far as longer is quite the pariah he once was. public scorn by people who seem to be­ Though Rep. Mahon is a conservative lieve that Members of the House and the some of these programs are concerned, Southerner, many liberals now agree with Senate are somehow responsible for the I believe we need to take a closer look him that Federal money is simply not the rioting we have seen taking place in at them to see if they are really doing answer to everything. many of our cities this summer. the job they were meant to d.o. President Johnson firmly declares ths.t the This line of reasoning is that Congress Mr. President, the Monday, August 14, nation can afford both to fight the war in has neither done enough, spent enough, edition of the Wall Street Journal con­ Vietnam and to attack its problems at home, tains an excellent editorial in this con­ and it is true enough that the nation is nor been sympathetic enough to the rich. But its resources are not so limitless needs of citizens in urban areas. Only nection. I ask unanimous consent that that it can afford to shovel billions more into yesterday, Congress was portrayed in an it be printed in the RECORD. domestic programs that achieve little or editorial cartoon as some dark, evil thing, There being no objection, the editorial nothing of any real value, and in some cases stirring up some kind of witch's brew, was .ordered to be printed in the RECORD, even do harm. while cities burned in the background. as follows: Congress, at least, now has ample oppor­ tunity learn from past mistakes. If it fails I, for one, Mr. President, am fed up OUR CALLOUS CONGRESS to to do so it will deserve to be labeled callous. with charges that Congress has been In the wake of the widespread city rioting, derelict in its duties and unmindful of liberal politicians and others have tried to the plight of the poor, ill-housed, and pin much of the blame on Congress for its uneducated. This abuse is an insult refusal to vote "enough" funds for anti­ HUMAN RIGHTS COVENANTS to poverty programs. While the lawmakers are every Member of the Senate and the far from perfect, the charge in this case 1s Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, for House. more than a little unfair. several months, now, I have every day The record of this Congress, of the 89th The Congressmen, of course, have helped addressed this legislative body on the Congress-which did more and spent bring down the attack on themselves. A Fed­ need to ratify the human rights cove­ more than any other in the history of our eral rat-control bill, whether it was neces­ nants. The irony of having to speak to Republic-and of all preceding Con­ sary or desirable legislation or not, surely the Senate of the United States on the gresses speaks the truth. Billions upon deserved better than the sorry attempts at necessity of conventions against geno­ humor the lawmakers lavished on it. For is billions have been poured into our cities a lot Americans, rats are no laughing mat­ cide, slavery, and forced labor ap­ and States in an effort to reduce unem­ ter. parent; it is equally incongruous that the ployment, provide education and job Along the way the Administration has highest legislative body of one of the training, and in general to alleviate pov­ added to the confusion, with its talk of all oldest and proudest existing democracies erty in every practical way. sorts of economies on the domestic front. on earth should balk at ratifying docu­ Recently in the House of Representa­ It's small wonder that the impression has ments that do hothing but expound those tives, the chairman of the Appropria­ got abroad, in some quarters at any rate, rights that Americans have fought and tions Committee noted that the Federal that the Administration and Congress are died for many times. really pinching pennies. Government plans to spend $25.6 billion The impression, as House Appropriations I do not have to inform the Senate in the current fiscal year in programs de­ Chairman Mahon said in a speech the other that this body's recalcitrance in ratifying signed to help the poor. At the same time, day, is quite erroneous. During the current these covenants is directly in conflict we have endeavored to wage a $2-billion­ fl.seal year, he notes, the Government plans with the declared position of the United a-month war in Vietnam. Consequently, to spend $25.6 b1llion to help the poor, a States in the United Nations, or that the national -economy is strained vir­ sharp increase from the $22 billion outlay nonratification, in fact, undermines one tually beyond endurance, and we are now in the year before. "It 1s time," he says in of the primary reasons why the U.N. was asked to put an even greater burden upon defense of his colleagues, "for somebody to take note of what Congress is trying to do formed. All 100 Senators know that. the hard-working taxpayers of this for the poor." Nor do I have to enlighten the Senate country. Whereupon the Texas Democrat rattled off that its refusal to ratify these treaties Many of these programs have been a long list of the varied Federal programs, all makes mockeries of the Declaration of worthwhile, although sometimes their of them supposedly aimed at combating pov­ Independence and the Constitution. Sen­ administration has left something to be erty or its effects: Urban renewal, public ators know that too. desired. And no doubt they wlll be con­ housing, manpower training, child care, The question I ask today is not whether tinued and expanded, as far as we are school aid and the rest. these apparent contradictions w1ll lead able under present budgetary restriction, In view of the size and cost of those pro­ grams, it's difilcult to argue that Congress has some 'peOple to misunderstand the true because the Congress is sympathetic to been niggardly with dollars. Yet in one way intentions of this Nation in world af­ the Nation's poor. Every determined ef­ the Administration and Congress have shown fairs; but whether, in fact, the position fort to provide opportunity for economic a certain callousness toward the poor. of the United States in international af­ advancement will be made. It is the duty Tho very phrase, "war on poverty,'' im­ fairs has not drastically changed without of our Government and the Coni'ress to plied to many that here was a :fight that not our ever admitting it. . . ~ . . , 22546 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August ·14; 19.67 · Mr. President, 80 .new natlims have of his society and. uplifting of his own hope that the version .reported to the joined the orl,gjnal United Nations. I do people. He is unwilling to do the '.former other body will be str-0nger than .S. 5. not think .it is f arfete.hed to suggest that and does not even understand the mean­ Tehe Senate bill was an initial victory the reluctance of most t>f the .nations :to ing of the latter. for the consumer and a tribute to those follow -our leadershlp is related to posi­ Therefore.. those who seek ·some sort' who long have championed truth 1n lend­ tions we take on questlons like numan oI Tecourse must turn to the United Na­ ing, men llk-e the distinguished Senator rights. tions. I have so far listened in vain ior from Wisconsin [Mr. PRoxMIREJ and our New nations to the U.N. are almost the voice of U Thant speaking out distinguished former colleague from Il­ always new nations to the world. There aga1nst this violation of international linois, Senator Douglas, and women like is Burundi, the. Congas.. Dahomey, Ga­ law and human decency. the distinguished former Senator from bon, Ghana, Ivoi:y Coost, Kenya, Ma­ · Surely, if Mr. Thant has the concern Oregon, Mrs. Neuberger. But the Sen­ lawi, Mali, the Maldive Islands, Niger, for justice that he bas evinced. in the ate's bill can be strengthened. Nigeria, Brwanda, Tanzania, and Zam­ past_, he will use his forum at the United Now we have another consumer cham­ bia, to name ~ few. How many Senators Nations to speak out .against this horror. pion at work as the Representative from know where these countries are? · If the United Nations is to recover from Missouri [Mrs. SULLIVAN] seeks to im­ It is time we begin to examine in ear­ its recent setbacks and remain a voice for prove this proposed legislation. nest ow position in relation to these new justice in the world, now is the time for We know that no bill is perfect. When nations of the world. Are they willing to it to speak out. The evil is obvious, out­ S. 5 was approved by the Senate, I point­ follow us? What social example do we rageous and backed up by solid evidence. ed out areas that .I felt could be set for them? These are questions we · Not to act would be a negation of all strengthened, particularly in the field of must begin to ask ourselves, for they are the United Nations is supposed to ,stand revolving credit charges. The Senate bill the same questions that the developing for. Not to act would be a negation of the does not require all revolv.ing credit plans nations a.re asking. beliefs Mr. Thant professes to hold to. to disclose the annual percentage Tate at Mr. President, let us act to ·insure that Not to act would be abandoning these the time the account was opened and the United States does not become a lost poor tribesmen to the barbarities of mGd­ on the perlodic monthly .statement. If we leader 1n human rights. Let us ratify the ern .science. It would be as great a crime are to have truth 1n lending, all .credit human tights covenants now. of omission as was committed when chaTg.es.:should be computed. To do this ·is Mussolini attacked Ethiopia. not easy, and it would place a burden on People like Mr~ Nasser will continue to the stores; yet I am hopeful that 1t can WHERE ARE THE VOICES OF seek out weaker nations and conquer be done. The able chairman of the House CONSCIENCE"? them if they are not brought up short Consumer Affairs Subcommittee has Mr. MONTOYA. Mr. President, a situ­ by the force -Of international opinion. earned our applause for looking into ation obviously exists in Yemen about If the United Nations does not speak this matter. which I cannot keep silent any longer. out now, what meaning will all the inter­ I ask unanimous consent that the full Most recently a team of doctors, sent by national shoutings of recent weeks text of a news story entitled "Congress the International Red Cross, has testi­ mean? If Nasser and his cohorts were Expected To Approve This Year a Truth­ fied to the fact that the Egyptian GoY­ accorded a respectful hearing and sym­ in-Lending Measure To Protect U.S. Con­ Rob­ ernment of Mr~ Nasser is using poison pathy, shall not the tribesmen of Yemen sumers," written by Reporter Nan gas indiscriminately in Yemen. receive the same? ertson, and published in the New York By -ail -accounts, the Egyptian Air I also wish to ask why other voices have Times, Stmday, August 13, 1967, be Force, after proving its coura_ge and abil­ not been raised against this shocking printed in the RECORD. ity in the late war with Israel, has now series of atrocities by the Egyptian Gov­ There being n-0 objection, the article turned its wrath upon the primitive, de­ ernment? was ordered to be printed in the RECOR!D, f~nseless citizens of the villages of There are certain.fruits of man's mind as foll-0ws: Yemen. · that are genies the world does not dare CONGRESS ExPECTED To APPROVE THIS YEAK A The poison gas agents, Mr. President, release from its · international bottle. TRUTH-IN-LENDING MEASURE To PaoTECl' have been proven to be of Soviet origin. Chemical, bacteriologleal, and radiologi­ U.S. CoNSU:UERS This is ironic as wen as sad. The Soviet c.al warfare are the deadliest genies in WASHINGTON, August 12.-~'There is a price mankind's bottle. Woe unto that desper­ for money .as there is !or a coffee pot. I! we Union, whose citizens were themselves f-orce lenders to say what they are really victimized and slaughtered by the mil­ ate or deranged leader who uncorks it. charging for money, we hope consumers will lions by the Na-zis, now turns around and The.awful human suffering he causes can go out and comparison shop.,. supplies the poison -gas with which Nas­ be matched only by the burden of guilt So says Leonor K. Sullivan, Democrat of ser wipes out Yemeni villages. l wonder he and his nation must carry. Missouri, whose House Consumer A1fa.1rs Sub­ what the 20 million Soviet citizens killed I call upon the "United Nations, the committee began hearings this week on -a by the Nazis would say to that? State Department., and those other Mem­ tough ·"truth-in-lending" bill. It seems that ·the mighty Egyptian Air bers of this Chamber to speak out, swift­ It is the first time that a House .commit­ 1s ,ly and forthrightly, against this awful tee has ever considered .a credit disclosure Force bombing these villages indis­ blll, aimed a1; prot.ectlng consumers from criminately. It also is evident from all barbarity. their own ignorance and helping them shop reports that no warning is given. We dare not let this continue. for the best bargains in credit. An article published recently in the . Let us keep in mind what Presldent It now seems likely that Congress will New York Times, which has already been Lincoln.said: enact a truth-in-lending bill this year. Last placed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD; To sit in silence when we should protest month, after a seven-year stalemate, the gives a point-by-point rundown of the makes corwal'ds out-of men. Senat.e ]>assed such a bill by a vote of 92 to 0. investigations made by the team of In­ · The landmark legislation would apply full disclosure to $30-billion in automobile sales; ternational Red Cross physicians. It is This statement is as true and apropos obvious that the evidence is conclusive now as it was then. The warning is plain. $2"0-billion 1n personal loans; $19-b1llion in Let us waste no more time. Let us cease big credit purchases such as television sets, and damningA refrigerators and furniture; second mortgage Now that the point has been estab­ toleration of these acts forthwith. loans, and some other credit payments. lished., I cast about me in wonder ·be­ TOTAL COST IS KEY cause I hear no internationa~ voice of THE BILL IS A ·_ Sellers would be required to reveal total protest against what must be called an TRUTH-IN-LENDING costs, both in tenns of annual interest rates absolutely heinous crime against the GREAT STEP FORWARD IN PRO­ !J.Ild dollar a.mounts, of installment buying. most innocent of people. TECTING THE CONSUMER, BUT IT An .important compromise Jn the Senate­ It would, of course, be useless to appeal - CAN BE FURTHER IMPROVED passed. version concerned revolving charge to Mr. Nasser's sense of justice or fair accounts. It permits department stores who . Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, the offer such accounts to continue giving their play, .since he possesses neither, does not House Banking and Currency Subcom­ 'Customers only the monthly percentage cost understand the former, and is incapable mittee on Consumer Affairs is holdlng .of 'their credit, which ls usually 1 ~ per cent <>f exercising the latter. headngsDn the important .truth-in-lend­ on tbe unpaid balance. It would be a further exercise in futil­ :f.ng bill, approved by the Senate on July Mrs. Sullivan •s bill would re.tore the ity to ask Nasser to turn to the reform 11. This is welcome news, and we may original provision, requiring retailers to in- August 14, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-SENATE 2254-7 form their customers o! the true ye~ly" rate Democrats, and one is a Republican--Repl'e-· This is n-0t to say that by so doing, the of interest they pay. · - . · sentative Seymour Halpern of Queens. 'l.'he · expected deficit of some $28 billion can Revolving credit ilf the fastest growing subcommittee. has. 1a members. - 00 entirely overcome. But, at least, a good kind ot consumer credit; there is now $5- A measure identical to the Senate bill was start can be made to that end·. billion l)f such debt outstanding tn the· introduced into the: Hous.e bJ Bepresen~tive Let me enumerate some O.r the pro- Untted States. Ordinary _revolving- charge ae- William B.. Widnall of New .Jersey. r.anking, counts require a minimum monthly pay- Republican on the run committee. He has ·grams which I think could stand some ment, although new purchases-may be added · seven co-sponsors, four of them on the sub- significant reductions. before the old balance ii;; .paid off. - committee. Two other bHis similar to hiS' The Government is asking for more The retailers argue that it iS' too difficult ha-ve also been intFOduced. than $4.8 billion for the National Aero- to compute the interest rate on an annuar One companion measure is sponsored. by nautics and Space Administration"s ac­ basis. Administration witnesses disputed thiS' Representative R0bert G. Stephens: Jr. o! tiVities in the coming fiscal year. I be­ stand before Mrs. sumva:n's subcommittee Georgia,. ranking ·Democrat on the subcom- lieve that cuts in some areas of this this week, and former Senator ~aul · Douglas· - mittee. He is ro take a stand in favor of Illinois, who was truth-in-Iendfng's of the more conciliatory Senate legislation. agency would be very appropriate. These stanchest champion in Congress, called it The ban · on wage garnishment is one of . requests include funds for Project: APollO, "nonsense." Mrs. Sullivan's favorite issues. Those who op- ·our manned lunar mission, as well as. Spokesmen ror the merC'ha:nts took com- pose such a ban say that it would dry up various unmanned shots. In my judg­ plicated charts and t a:b-Ies to the Ho-use hear- credit, since the creditor would lose an im- . ment, our problems here on earih are a ings to prove that stating a yearly interest · portant weapon in getting his money back. good deal more pressing than -those on rate would be inaccurate, would overstate Some states. such as California, ha:ve harsh the moon at this time. the "true" rate and be- unfair to- the stores garnishment laws. Others, such as Pennsyl- Our Government has also asked Con- and misleading to customers. vania, ha;ve prohibited all garnishment for In effect, t hey· argued that to eempute the many years. Still others do not permit gar- gress to appropriate more than $3- biIHon "true" annual rate it would be- necessary to nishment o! the wages of low-rnoome earners for foreign aid. Now, of course, there are know the exact average daily bala.:nee in the but may aliow it in the case of a ucredit"' who instances in which our comitry should account. Since the average- daily balance is earning a sizable income but ignoring his assist other nations. I think it fs in our depends upon the timing of purchases and · debts-. · country's own best interests, from the payments, the "true" rate cannot be dis- To those who say ·that outlawing wage . standpoint of its national security, to as- closed in advance. gall!nisbment will dry up credi~ the opposing siSt certain nations, but in the past I do A staff white paper W?i:tten before the f~ces. cite a &W'vey conducted by the-Ameri- Senate comm ittee expunged the· original re- can Credit Bureau. It shows- that the ratio believe that our foreign aid program has volving credit clause answered: of installment credit to total retail sales is.. just been entirely too extensive-. I think "It Is not necessa:ry to. resoFt to ci>mplf- . the sa:me in those states that have stiff gar- we have-spread moneys promiscuously all ca.ted arithmetic to prove the- validity [of a · nishment la:ws as it is in those that prohibit . over the world and, in many instances, stated an nual interest rate]. Common sense such laws. the recipient countries have not only says that a yearly rate is 12 times a monthly A truth-in-lending bill was. able to get. been unthankful for the help that they rate. The only arithmetic in-volved is 12 x lY:z through the Senate this year !or several rea- . have gotten from the United States·, they equal 18 per cent.'• sons, scme o! which wou1d- also infiuence the None of the congressional experts seems House.~ have also appeared to expect aid as a to know yet whether !ulJI annual disclosure First, the Senate Banking and Currency matter of course. Some have even de- would pl'oduce an interest-rate war, as in- Committee changed. A. Willis Robertson of manded aid of us. tense competition for cust0mers produces Virginia-, Strom Thmmond of South CaTo- Too often they turn right around and price wa:rs among· stores. Massachusetts re- lina, Paul Douglas ot Illinois a:nd Maurine kick Uncle Sam right in the teeth. I be­ centl~ passed a. truth-fn-Iending law inco~- , B: Neuberger of _Oregon all left:. Taking their lieve that the foreign aid program could poratmg full disclosure of' revo1!ving credit places; were Charles H. Percy of Illinois, Ed- be drastically reduced without at the rates. It appears to li>e working well, but ob- · w~d W. Brooke of Massacllusetts ~ Gale W...... · ' servers sa.y that it is too early to tell whether McGee <>f Wyoming and William B. Spong same time~ . J~pard1zing our own long- rates will be forced down. . of Virginia. te_rm security interests. EXTRA. PRovxsroNs. "It replaced two die-hard liberals and two Another area in which budgetary cuts Mrs. Sullivan's bill has four major extra. die-hard conservatives with four moderate could and should be made is in the p:rnvisions. tha.t the Administration r.efuses to. types," a staff member said. uFurther, there so.-called war on poverty. Now, I am not - support until they are s.tudied further. They was great personal a:ntagonism between Rob- against programs that effectively work are: ertson, who was head o! the full committee, to alleviate or eliminate poverty. I want · and Douglas. who. was chairman of the Sub- . rt h d An annual 18· per cent ceiling on all credit committee on Financial Institutions." to alleVIate pove y as :n;iuc as . oes . transactions in the United Statesr .John J. Sparkman of Alabama.. and Wil- anyone else. But I do insist that these A ban on garnishment, whi~h permits . liam. Proxmire of Wisconsin. both liberals, sa.-called poverty programs should be collecting agencies to assess what is owed a~e now chairmen of the committee and sub- well-planned and e:ffectiv.eiy admfnis- them from a. person's wages thl'ough a,gree- . committee, respectively. tered, and they should actually- assist the . ment With empiloyers. The same source considered the House · people who are in need. There have been, ~~~;:_~~:i~!:!~e ~a~~i~~ ~ic:-~; Banking and Currency Committee as an even of course. some notable successes in the covered. by any laiws--in. the same way the rrwre liberal g:roupr poverty war For example I am told that Second, consumer legislation such as auto . • · ' Securities and Exeba:nge Commission. regu- sa:fetyNcigarette labeling and truth-in.-pack- Pr?JeCt !Jeadstart for ryoung school . Ia.tes the sale of stooks. Mi"s. Sulliva.n believes aging has: already pa:;sed Congress, and the children IS a program which has seemed that comna..od-irty exchange prices. directly af- id,ea is gaining momentum. to be worthy. feet the cost oi food m supermarkets. Third. consumer :m,easures are increasingly Another meritorious program has been Power for the Ped:eral Reserve Board to. set c b th d t limits on th-e. extension of oons.umer credit a~tractive to ong~ess ecause ey o no the. Neighborhood Youth Corps, and a i! the President declares that a national drain the F~deral till. Truth-in-lending also third reportedly very meritorious pro­ emergency exists. The bo6rd had such poweni s~ems particularly popular with oonstlt- , gram is the adult basic. education pro- in World! War II and the Korean War. ~1:r~; :i_~~drng to rooe~t. polls. The senate gram, but there .have b~ a number of Mrs. Sullivan says that her- bHI '·'is a very "On an out-and-out. consumer issue you other programs in the antipoverty setup far-reaching measure with admitt edly high- can't be against the housewife not know- which appear to be of more dubious ly controversial features." - ing the truth about interest ra.tes.'' value; programs tl1e cmly notoriety of Some say that if she insists on sticking which, it seems, has been the front-page with the !our most oontroversial provisions, unfavorable type. she will delay or kill trut h-in-lending. Others CUT SPENDING BEFORE IMPOSING A In this category I would place the insist that she is work~ng from strength- SURCHARGE ON PERSONAL IN- that hei' bm is: so much tougher than the Job Corps, which has been plagued with Senate~s that she· will ha:ve more room in COME TAXES disciplinary problems, extreme high costs which to bargain. . Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Pres- and a high dropout rate. Now, of course, Mrs. Sullivan's bill must still be negotiated ident, Congress is being asked to enact here and there I think, the· .Job Corps through the Consumer Atratrs Subcommittee a . 10 percent surcharge on Federal in- has possibly been doing very welL More­ and the full House Banking and CUrrency come taxes. over, there are the various community Committee and then !ace floor debate, and, Before we vote to impose such a tax action programs which, in certain large :~~l~rs~ conference c-ommrttee with the on individual taxpayers, I believe that a cities throughout the eountry, have re- Mrs. Suliivan has five subcommitte.e co- numbe!"' of Federal programs· of dubious suited in agitatie>n. Pove1'ty employees sponsors !'or her legislation. Fbur o! them are value should be cut back. have gone out into the community, as CXill--1421-Part 17 CONGRESSIONAL R)!CORD - ~~NATE August 14, , 1967 they have here in Washington, and in­ ample of this ls the "American Western," by Roger L. Stevens, chairman of the Na­ cited the poor to demonstrate against the which is now being shot in many nations, tional Council on the ArtS. police department or to demonstrate especially in Italy and Japan. The In­ Gregory Peck, acting cha.lrma.n of the new institute and head of the advisory council against the welfare department or stitute, in addition to preserving the work which created it, confirmed that George against public officials. They have in­ of the past, will assist in the development Stevens Jr., :for the past :fl ve years head o:f cited and agitated and, in this way, they of new techniques of making films. USIA's motion picture division, will be di­ have probably contributed to the gen­ Other nations have recognized the rector and chief executive officer of the in­ eral atmosphere of rebellion that we have value of the movie as an art form. De­ stitute. experienced during the past summer. positories of matrices have been estab­ A private, non-profit corporation, the AFI Then, too, there are the VISTA workers. lished and representative films have been will have its headquarters 1n Washington, I do not indict all VISTA workers, but shown at festivals. Unfortunately, in this with services eventually to be established in Los Angeles, New York and other Amer­ much of the correspondence that has country this type of recognition has only ican cities. come from my people in West Virginia come from private sources such as Activities of the Institute initially will has been very critical of the VISTA museums and film clubs. In the past few stress fl ve areas: workers. These VISTA workers come in years the commercial movie festival, 1) Filmmaker training in one or more from other parts of the country. They showing specific cycles or types of films, established centers of &.dvanced filrr. study do not know the problems of West Vir­ has become an almost weekly event in for graduates in filmmaking to pursue such ginia, they do not know West Virginia some cities. Indeed, the new popularity of careers; people and, in all too many instances, Humphrey Bogart ls probably a direct 2) Film education for students and teach­ outgrowth of this type of activity. ers in film as an art form; based ·on my correspondence, some of 3) Film production outside the existing the VISTA members have just created I should like to compliment the Na­ commercial and financial structure; problems rather than solved problems. tional Endowment for the Arts and its 4) Preservation and cataloguing of films And they have helped to stir up trouble. chairman, Roger L. Stevens, on the es­ coordinating existing regional, private and So, these are some of the programs tablishment of the American Film In­ museum collections and not, at this time, that should be cut back, I think. And stitute. On June 5, Mr. Gregory Peck, any new archive; then, finally, in the wake of the recent of California, acting chairman of the 5) Publication of research and activities riots in Detroit and Newark and other board, American Film Institute, joined concerning the four major categories above. Such an admittedly skeletal outline merely cities~ wild spending schemes to alleviate with Mr. Stevens in the announcement suggests areas into which the Institute will the problems of the cities have been put of the establishment of the institute. first venture. Taking on his new job, 35- forth almost daily in the Congress and Mr. Peck, incidentally, is not only a year-old Stevens, unrelated to Roger L., by the administration. It is obvious that fine and noted actor in his own right, remarked: "Why do it? Because it isn't something has to be done about the cru­ but also he has a strong sense of public there." cial problems· which now face our major service and has given himself greatly Because the organization represents a cities, but so many of these far out pro­ to the betterment of the public weal. revolutionary step for American film, the The institute is to be a nonprofit, non­ months before its actual establishment grams which have recently budded and brought flurries of criticism even before its blossomed seem to lack the sound plan­ government organization with admin­ aims or board of trustees were announced. ning which is so necessary if long-range, istrative headquarters in Washington. "It's the first time 1n my 25 years on stage effective and feasible solutions are to George Stevens, Jr., the excellent film or screen," chuckled actor Peck, "that I've result. producer, for several years has been seen a show seriously criticized before it Moreover, I am afraid that this tax heading up the film division of the opened--0r was even written." proposal, if enacted, could result in a USIA, has been appointed director of The 16-member advisory council, ap­ deterrent to the economy, the final up­ the institute, which will be guided by a pointed after President Johnson signed the shot being a decrease, rather than an 22-member board. Knowing and admir­ enabling Arts and Humanities Act on Sept. 29, 1965, investigated potential needs and increase, in Federal revenues. The in­ ing each of these men-Roger Stevens, finally retained the Stanford Research Insti­ dividual taxpayers in the business com­ Gregory Peck, and George Stevens-as tute to define functions of the proposed or­ munity, and especially .the small busi­ I do, I am sure this venture is going to ganization. Surveys in this country and nesses, are already heavily taxed, and I be a most successful and fruitful one. abroad led to what Peck believes to be "the just do not feel that we can run the risk It is interesting to note that the ini­ most comprehensive study even undertaken of making their burden heavier, without tial funding for the institute is an out­ 1n the field." at least first exercising some reasonable growth of the farsighted matching grant The Board will consist of 22 members, 14 economies in Federal spending. of whom were on the initial advisory council. provision contained in Public Law 89- These 14 are: actress Elizabeth Ashley; Sher­ Until our Government shows a firm 209, which provides for the establish­ rill Corwin, president of the National Asso­ determination to tighten its belt in such ment of the National Foundation on the ciation of Theater Owners; the Rev. John areas as I have just enumerated-and Arts and the Humanities. This feature Culkin, S.J., director of Fordham Univer­ there are others-I shall be very reluc­ allows the matching of Federal funds sity's Center of Communications; documen­ tant to vote to place an additional tax with private contributions on a 50-50 tary writer-director Bruce Herschensohn burden upon the personal income of the basis. In this instance the National En­ ("Years of Lightning, Day of Drums"); David American taxpayer. Mallery, director of studies of the National dowment for the Arts has matched the Association of Independent Schools; acting $1.3 million donated by the Ford Founda­ chairman Peck; architect William L. Pereira; tion. In addition, $1.3 million will be con­ Arnold Picker, executive vice president of ESTABLISHMENT OF AMERICAN tributed Gver a 3-year period from the United Artists; actor Sidney Poitier; his­ FILM INSTITUTE member companies of the Motion Pic­ torian-film critic Arthur Schlesinger Jr.; ture Association. George Stevens Jr.; director-writer-producer Mr. PELL. Mr. President, the most im­ The establishment of the American Georg-a Seaton; Jack Valen.ti, presidenrt of the portant announcement, on June 5, by the Motion Picture Association of America; National Endowment for the Arts of the Film Institute is, I believe, a great step Richard F. Walsh, president of the Interna­ establishment of the American Film In­ in recognizing a truly American art tional Alliance of Theatrical Stage Em­ stitute was not, I believe, duly noted by form. My enthusiasm is shared by oth­ ployees. this Chamber. ers, as is demonstrated by articles pub­ To these, eight names have been added: The United States, which has lead the lished in the Washington Post, the Charles Benton, educational producer and Washington Evening Star, and the New until recently president of Encyclopa.ecila way in cinematic progress, especially in York Times, which I ask unanimous con­ Britannica Films; writer-director Francis its commercial aspects, is the one major sent to have printed in the RECORD. Ford Coppola ("You're a Big Boy Now"); film-producing country which does not Francis Keppel, former U.S. Commissioner of have a national body specifically orga­ There being no objection, the articles Education, who does not join the board until nized to preserve, study, and nurture the were ordered to be printed in the REC­ next Jan.; film critic Arthur Knight of The motion picture. ORD, as follows: Saturday Review; director-photographer [From the Washington Post, June 6, 1967] Richard Leacock, whose documentary of the The genius of the American film indus­ Kennedy-Humphrey West Virginia primaries try has been the ability to take native UNITED STATES HAS FILM INSTITUTE introduced his cine verite style; Donald H. talent and join therewith individual ex­ (By Richard Coe) McGannon, president of Westinghouse pertise from other nations and produce Establishment of the long-promised Amer­ Broadcasting Corp., Washington's Channel a distinct American art form. One ex- ican Film Institute was announced yesterday 5; writer Dan Taradash, whose most noted August 14, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE screenplay was "F+om Here to Eternity"; Fox, United Artists. Universal and Warner pointed to the dominating lnfl:uence of' film and director Fred Zi:rinemann ("A Man for Bros.). today and said: "We cannot be casual about All Seasons," "A Nurrs Stoey,'' "High Noon.") c Hawr thes:e. leaders in. movie-making !eel the training of the people who create. tllese abouti the institute ts expressed by Jack images.'' Valenti, MPAA president: PECK REPLIES TO CRITICS- [From the EVening Star (Washington, D.C.}, "The member companies. of the association June 6. 1967 t As bead o:f the U .S.I.A.'s. :film division for believe it ls in the urgent long range In­ the last five years, Mr. Stevens has been ·re­ Fn.M INSTITUTE Is Now A FACT terest of the motion picture for the institute sponsible for the production and distribution (By Harry MacArthur) _ to- be born. It ls impoFtant to• encourage and around the world of 600 documentaries and That p:coposed American Film Institute train talented young filmmakers, upgrade. newsreels annually. Under his readership, the now ·ts a fact rather than a dream. The an­ and aid the educational: work in fiim being U.S.I.A began an "internship" program to nouncement that it has been established was carried out· by American colleges and uni­ train young filmmakers. A number of their to made yesterday by Roger L. Stevens, chair­ versities, and bring attention on impor­ films, notably the documentary feature on tant film archival work. The endurance of man of the National Council on the Arts ~ President Kennedy, "Years.. o! Lightning~ at a luncheon at the Madison. excellence in motion pictures will be the Da.y of Drums," have been well received. prime objective of the American Film Insti­ Taking notice of criticism that the present At the same time it was announced that tute. In this aim, the entire motion picture George Stevens Jr., who has.. been head of board seems to be weighted in favor of the the United States Information Agency's mo­ industry ls eager to join." Hollywood motion-picture establfshment. Mr. Peck noted: tion picture and television. service, would be [From the New York Times, June 6, 1967] the instltute's director and chief executive "I have· been in the theater and films for officer. News of his resignation from the USIA AGENCY To PRESS MOVIES' ARTISTRY-AMER­ 25 years, and this is the first production in post was made public yesterday morning. ICAN FILM INSTITUTE FORMED IN WASH-· which I appeared that was reviewed before The choice, a;Iready hailed by President INGTON it opened... Johnson, ls herewith hailed here, too. The (By Vincent Canby} new institute's fi:rs.t director has grown up WASHINGTON, June. 5.-The American Film with movies as the son of the distinguished Institute, a non-profit. nongovernmental cor­ CONCLUSION OF MORNING director of the same name. He did a note­ poration, has been formally established to. BUSINESS worthy job in hi'S' five years with the USIA. preserve and develop t:Q.e nation's "artistic The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there giving, as the President put it, "a new vision and curtural resources in film." If morn~ and excellence ta government filmmaklng:•· George Stevens Jr.• 35-yea.r-old director of further morning business? not,. Stevens (George Jr.) approaches his new the United States Informati:on Agency's film ing business is concluded. job with zest and an awareness of the im­ division, is resigning that post to become portance of film. A graduating high school director and chief executive officer of the new student, he painted out. has, seen 500 motion. corporation, which. will be guided by a 22- FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT OF 196"1 pictures and spent 15,000 hours watching member board of trustees. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask television against 10,800 hours in the class­ Formation of the institute, which will have unanimous consent that the unfinished. room. headquarters in Washington, was announced Gregory Peck also- was present for the at the Madison Hotel here today at a press business be laid before the Senate. Amerfcan Film Institute's inaugural cere­ conferenee held by George Stevens, Roger L. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without monies. Acting chairman of the board ot'. Stevens, chairman of the National Council of objection, the Chair lays before the Sen­ trustees during the, formative stages, he. out­ th.e A:cts. and Gregory Peck, the actor, who la ate the unfinished business, which will lined the institute's aims:. They are: acting chairman of the lnstitute's board o! be stated by title. 1-To recognize, assist, encourage and trustees. The LEGISI.ATIVE CLERK., S. 1872·, to promote elements of progress and scholarship 0'1'.HER S.UCH GROUPS LAR.GER amend further the Foreign Assistance in the film arts- and humanities. With an estimated budget of $5.2.-million Act of 1961, as amended, and for other­ 2-To encol!l.rage and support the growth for the first three years, the American Film purposes. of creative activities: and creative talent in Institute comes into being as the thfrd-larg• The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ film in a cl!imate of freedom of thought, in­ est such organization in the world in terms quiry, imagination· and individual initiative. of' money. Its Soviet oounterpart haS' an an­ ate will proceed to its consideration., 3-To. maintain, develop, disseminate and nual budget of between $.4-mllllon and $5- Mr. FULBRIGHT obtained the :floor. coordinate the nation's artistic and cultural mllllon, and the SWedlsh Film Institute an Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President. will resources in film. annual budget of. $2.25-mlllion. the Senator from Arkansas yield, with­ 4-T'o foster and support film, film scholar­ The United States, where motion pictures out losing his right to the :floo:r? ship and teacher training for film study had their birth. is one of the last of the major· Mr. FULBRIGHT. I yield. in general education. producing nations to establish such an orga­ 5-To encourage and promote greater pub­ Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Pl'.esident, I. nization. Britain, France, Italy and India suggest the absence of a quorum. lic. understanding, appreciation and enjoy­ have them. ment of film. As outlined by Roger Stevens, the institute: The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk 6--To encourage and promote increased op­ will concentrate on the following areas: will can the roll. portunities in film and' to provide or support Filmmaker training. It will establish one The legislative clerk proceeded to call productions and projects that will assist and or more Centers for Advanced Film Study, to the roll. encourage film artists to achieve, demon­ act. as. a bridge between college o:c university strat.e and maintain high standards o!' pro­ Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I ask study and a film-making career. unanimous consent that the order for fessional excellence. Fllm education. The institute will explore 7-Ta facUitate the exchange of informa­ ways to help develop and improve the study the quorum call be rescinded. tion and to support. the publication of schol­ o! film as an art form "with its own esthetlcs.. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without arly works pertaining to the history, theory history and techniques." objection, it is so ordered. and practice of film art. Film production. The institute will make Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I do 8-To initiate and support research in the grants to. young filmmakers for the produc­ history, crtti:cism, theory and practice of film not take particular pleasure in present­ tion of documentary and experimental films, ing a $2. 7 billion foreign aid bill to the art and to provide or support other relevant both short and feature-length, and will fi­ projects including surveys, research and plan­ nance the production of such films at its Senate only 2 weeks after the AmeFican ning in film. Centers for Advanced Film Study. people have been told by the President. 9-To awaFd fellowships and g:cants for Film archives. The institute will work to, that they must pay a 10-pe:rcent war tax. training and work shops in the history, criti­ catalogue and preserve old films. But I do take a measure of satisfaction cism, theory and practice of film. The institute w:Hl commission publications :from the changes made by the Com­ George Stevens Jr. clearly has his work of film news, criticism and textbooks. mittee on Foreign Relations. in the for­ cut out for him. He does begin, however, se­ Of the ins.titute's lnLtlal th:cee-year budget cure in the knowledge. that the film. insti­ eign aid program presented to Congress three-quarters is already in hand or firmly by the executive branch. The bill before tute comes into· being on a. firm financial committed. foundation. the Senate will bring about substantial The initial three-year budget has been set COUNCIL GRANT IS LARGEST and much-needed improvements in for­ at $5.2 million, of which $3.9 million al:ceady The. National Council on the Arts, in the eign aid policy, and will help restore is in hand or committed. The bulk of this largest single grant it has ever made, has the Senate's proper role in the formula­ is in a $2.6 million grant made available by given the institute $1.3-million. The Ford tion of foreign policy. the National Endowment for the Arts and Foundation and the Motion Picture Associ­ the Ford Foundation. ation of America have each pledged them­ For a number of years the committee An. addltional $1.3 million has been made selves to grant $l.3-mUlion, leaving $! .8- has tried to bring about an overhaul of available by the seven m.embel:' companies of million still to be raised. the aid prcgram, with few practical re­ the Motion Picture Association of .America George Stevens Jr.., son of the Hollywood sults. Only 2 years ago, the Senate (Columbia, MGM, Paramount, 20th Century- filmmaker and no relation to Roger Stevens, voted to terminate the entire foreign aid 22550 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 14, .1967 program and to start from scratch in priorities. There is something wrong· of help in fiscal 1968. In view ·· of past developing a new one. Unfortunately, with a system of priorities that proposes experience, the committee believed that that effort to get a clean sweep failed to continue foreign aid as ·usual under this was the only feasible way to make because of adamant opposition from the the circumstances facing our Nation to­ the foreign aid o:Hicials do what had been House conferees. Last year the commit­ day. urged· by nonstatutory language for so tee, backed by the Senate, made a num­ There is an obligation on the richest, many years. On the insistence of the ber of recommendations for major revi­ most powerful Nation to help narrow the House conferees, the mandatory limits sions in foreign aid; for foreign aid to growing gap between the rich and the were modified to give the President bear a share of the burden for paying poor of this world. But this obligation waiver authority, and the ceiling on sup­ for the Vietnam war; for strict limits on does not take precedence over the needs porting assistance was raised to 13. To the number of countries to receive aid; of our own citizens·. It is more important, the committee's regret, the President for channeling more of our assistance in my view, to build hope out of despair used the waiver authority to increase the through the international lending insti­ for the ghetto dwellers in Detroit, New­ list of loan recipients to 24 above the tutions; and for tightening up on the ark, and Harlem than it is to try to re­ statutory limit. A more modest increase military aid and sales program. make the societies of Asia and Africa. brought the number of countries given I shall not take up tha Senate's time We may be able to pacify every vmage in technical assistance grants to 48 and the by describing the provisions of this bill Vietnam, over a period of years.- number given supporting assistance to in detail. The report explains what the 16. For all practical purposes, the intent executive branch proposed, what the Mayor Cavanagh said following the Detroit riots- of the Congress was not followed. committee did, and why it did it. But I This year the committee met the do want to discuss briefiy four major but what good does it do if we can't pacify the American cities. executive branch halfway on this issue. points which merit the Senate's atten­ The bill before the Senate contains fixed tion. America will be a -greater infiuence in limits but, instead of allowing loans to First, the question of amounts. This creating a peaceful world if it does the only 10 countries a.S the Senate did last bill authorizes a total foreign aid pro­ things at home necessary to live up to its year, the ceiling was set at 15. The ceiling gram of $2.7 billion for fiscal 1968, a democratic ideals than it will ever be by for technical assistance stays at 40, and reduction of $585 million, or 18. percent, telling the developing nations, like one the ceiling on supporting assistance al­ from the appropriation request. It com­ would tell children: "Do as I say, not as I lows aid to all of the 10 countries pro­ pares with an appropriation of $2.9 bil­ do." By cutting tlie budget request for gramed by the executive branch. But, lion for fiscal 1967. In its report on the foreign aid by 18 percent, the committee instead of limits which could not be in­ supplemental economic aid bill for Viet­ has taken a modest step toward putting creased without amending the law, the nam in March 1966-a year and a half our national priorities in better order. committee has approved a procedure, ago--the Committee on Foreign Rela­ The second point I wish to bring to the applicable to all three programs, under tions laid down this guideline for future Senate's attention concerns the number which additional countries can be added foreign aid requests: of countries to receive aid. Members of by approval of a concurrent resolution Foreign aid should not remain sacrosanct the Committee on Foreign Relations have by Congress. If a persuasive case can be when it comes to apportioning the war's fi­ been concerned for some time about the made for adding more countries, Con­ nancial costs among Federal activities. Belt proliferation of American aid around the gress can, and will, act. tightening because of the war must not be restricted to domestic programs but should world. Ninety-five out of the 120 IJ,ations The third point I wish to bring to the include our foreign· aid programs as well. now belonging to the Unitec,i Nations are Senate's attention is the committee's American citizens should not be ca.lied upon slated to get foreign assistance during decision to revise the military assistance to accept reductions in programs which af­ this fiscal year--economic, military, or and sales program. The committee, by fect their daily lives, see their taxes increased commodity aid under Public Law 480. a vote of 12 to 6, decided to repeal the a.nd war costs spiral, while the foreign aid Seventy-four are to get economi~ aid, 56 Department's general authority for fi­ program escapes unaffected and .undi­ to get military aid, and 86 are to receive nancing sales of military hardware to minished. (S. Rept. 1060, 89th Cong., 2d Public Law 480 help, according to the the less-developed countries. Many mem­ Sess., p. 9.) program presented to Congress this year. bers of the committee have been con­ This admonition was ignored by the In other words; we are providing some cerned for some time about our Nation's executive branch in presenting the aid type of assistance to practically every arms aid and sales policies. Two sub­ program for fiscal 1967-and it was ig­ non-Communist nation on the globe, ex­ committees of the committee have held nored again this year. Foreign aid was cept Canada, Japan, Australia., New Zea­ extensive hearings on the subject this to be carried on as usual in both years. land, and those of Western Europe. year-the Subcommittee on Disarma­ Congress refused to accept this attitude Members of the committee believe that ment, under the chairmanship of the last year, and the committee has pro­ the bilateral aid program should be re­ Senior Senator from Tennessee [Mr. posed reductions which will insure ~hat trenched, and that a larger portion of our GoRE], and the Subcommittee on Near the aid program does not escape its fair aid should be channeled through iriter­ Eastern and South Asian Affairs, under share of the war burden this year. national development organizations-the the chairmanship of the senior Senator The war is now costing at least $25 United Nations, the World Bank group, from Missouri [Mr. SYMINGTON]. The in­ billion annually-of course, it is prob­ the Inter-American Development Bank, formation disclosed during the course of ably far greater than that, although we the Asian Development Bank, and the those hearings had much to do with the have no way of calculating it-with the African Development Bank. committee's decision to curtail the busi­ bill mounting daily. The Federal Govern­ Foreign aid is spread so thinly around ness of selling expensive and sophis­ ment faces a deficit that could be twice the world that our effort in many coun­ ticated military equipment, on easy as large as any since World .War II. Tax­ tries amounts to no more tlian an aid terms, to countries which cannot afford payers are told they mus·t pay 10 percent presence, a presence that only arouses it and should not have it. more in taxes. The Nation's balance-of­ expectations of progress which are Under current military aid and sales payments problem worsens and the dol­ doomed to disappointment. The fruits policies, American arms appear in the lar's position grows more perilous. All of current aid policy in many nations are hands of both sides in all too many this while some of our cities are in vir­ far more likely to be frustration and bit­ regional conflicts around the globe, sap­ tual revolution because of neglect and terness than an increase in prestige and ping scarce resources which should be domestic unrest becomes more acute. influence for the United States. used for economic development, and Members of the Foreign Relations Last year, in an effort to force curtail­ creating an "arms merchant" image for Committee, like all Senators, have a re­ ment of bilateral aid programs, the Sen­ our country which belies our basic desire sponsibility for the setting of national ate fixed limits on the number of coun­ for peace. The true irtterests of this Na­ priorities through their votes on authori­ tries which could receive development tion are not served by a policy which en­ zation and appropriation bills. Under our loans or technical assistance-lo for courages the spread of sophisticated U.S. system, Congress' decisions on the for­ loans, 40 for technical assistance, and 10 weapons in the hands of poor, unsophis­ eign aid authorization bill before the for supporting assistance. The limits on ticated people who should be using their Senate and other measures to allocate loans and technical assistance grants meager resources to grow more food and the Federal Government's resources con­ did not apply to Latin America--where in building roads, schools, and houses, stitute collectively a listing of national 21 nations are slated to receive this type not in buying tanks and jet fighters. August 14, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 22551 Through use of the revolving fund the In addition to repealing the general nomic assistance. Also overlooked or in­ Department of Defense now has $230 authority for credit sales, the commit­ tentionally ignored is the fact that the million in direct credit outstanding and tee has reduced the military assistance committee bill now before the Senate au­ has guaranteed repayment on $666 mil­ authorization request by $205 million. thorizes $107 million more in foreign lion of credit extended by the Export­ The committee has also adopted an economic assistance for next year than Import Bank, and private banks. All of amendment, designed to make U.S. eco­ was appropriated last year. What the the credit sales financed through this ac­ nomic aid more effective, which prohib­ committee slashed on the economic side count were to the poor or less-developed its any aid to countries where economic was the request of AID for more money countries. I wish to emphasize that development suffers as a result of ex­ this year than they got last year. termination of this authority will in no cessive military spending. Often it seems I hope the Senate will stand firm with way affect sales to the developed nations that U.S. development aid only enables its committee. I believe that the bill re­ of Europe, the principal customers for a country to buy arms-either from us ported by the committee provides for the American arms industry, who buy or third countries-that it cannot afford. continuing foreign aid at a reasonable for cash, with regular commercial fi­ These three steps together will do much level, commensurate with a proper bal­ nancing, or through the normal facil­ to bring about a more rational military ance of priorities for allocating our Na­ ities of the Export-Import Bank. Less assistance program, geared to meet tion's limited resources. I hope that the than 20 percent of the $1.5 billion in mili­ legitimate needs in the light of current Senate will support the committee's tary sales estimated for this fiscal year domestic and world conditions. recommendations. were to be financed through the revolv­ The fourth point I wish to mention is Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ ing credit account, all to less-developed the committee's action to add a specific sent to ha.ve printed in the RECORD ex­ countries-with one possible exception, authorization of $50 million a year for cerpts from the report of the Committee which involves a question of definition. assistance program, geared to meet legis­ on Foreign Relations concerning the Under the amendment approved by the lation problems. Every Member of this committee's decision to repeal the au­ committee all liquid assets of the revolv- body is aware of the growing crisis fac­ thority for maintenance of a revolving -ing fund, subsequent repayments on ing the world in the race between pop­ credit fund for military sales. loans, and release of reserves on guar­ ulation and food. The significance of There being no objection; the excerpts anteed sales, will go into the general population growth is evident from the fact that the population of the develop­ were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, fund of the Treasury. as follows: · Some Senators may ask if the repeal ing countries is increasing by a rate of of this credit authority will not tie the about 2 ¥2 percent a year while the rates MILITARY AsSISTANCE AND SALES President's hands in furnishing military for per capita food production and ec­ CA) GENERAL SUBSTANTIVE CHANGES aid to a nation when it is clearly vital onomic growth decrease. Unless some­ The COlllmittee has made a number of to the national interest. This is simply thing is done about the population prob­ major revisions in the military assistance not so. Many sources of military assist­ lem, even billions of dollars more in program. The principal change is t.o repeal ance will remain after the credit fund is U.S. aid will not prevent these coun­ the Department of Defense's authority t.o fi­ tries from sliding backwards to deeper nance credit sales of milLtary weapons amd abolished. First, the President, under the equipment, except sales of items from De­ authorization in this bill will have $391 poverty. partment of Defense stocks on 3-year ha.Td million in grant military aid at his dis­ For a number of years the Foreign Re­ credit terms. The revolving fund, used t.o pcsal. Second, section 510 of the Foreign lations Committee has urged that higher finance credit sales to underdeveloped coun­ Assistance Act authorizes the President priority be given to helping other na­ trdes, would be abolished no later than De­ to draw down up to $300 million in ma­ tions on population matters. In order to cember 31, 1967. All assets of the account, teriel and supplies from Department of bring about attention commensurate a.nd subsequent receipts from oUJt.staillding with the urgency of the problem, the loans, would be pLaced in the general fund of Defense stocks for grants or sales to for­ the Treasury. Outstanding obligations which eign countries if he determines it to be committee approved this amendment to come due after the revolving account is abol­ vital to the security of the United States. authorize use, on a loan or a grant ished will be paid through the regular appro­ Third, under section 614 of the act, the basis, of up to $50 million a year in ec­ priation process. President has a.vailable $250 million onomic aid funds for population work. The committee has been concerned for which can be used to provide up to $50 Aid offi.cials have stated that some $20 some time a.bout the volume and character million in military aid per country, on million; plus $11 million in foreign cur­ of sales of U.S. arms a.broad, particularly sales a loan or grant basis, when "important rencies, will be invested in population t.o nations which do not need and cannot programs this fiscal year. I am pleased afford sophisticated weapons, or where the to the security of the United States.'' and addition of weapons adds fuel to the fires even the $50 million limit does not apply, to see this increase in emphasis and I of regional tensions. Last year the committee to a country which is the "victim of ac­ hope that the new authority approved by expressed deep reservations about the mili­ tive Communist or Communist-sup­ the committee will insure that the United tary sales program in its report on the au­ ported aggression.'' States will be ready to help when asked. thorization bill. "The U.S. balance of pay­ Those two items alone, under sections Mr. President, Members of this body ments," the report stated, "is not in such 510 and 614 of the act, amount to $550 will be under heavy pressure during the a perilous condition that it has to be salvaged mlliion; and when we add the nearly next few days to undo much of the work by taking blood money from poorer coun­ of the Committee on Foreign Relations. tries." (S. Rept. 1358, 89th Cong., second $400 million in grant aid, we have a seas., p. 3.) The list of countries slated to re­ total of almost a billion dollars for the It is no secret that in recent years ceive credit financing for arms in 1968 illus­ three items.· nearly every agency of the executive trates that this admonition was ignored. Fourth, the Department of Defense branch has vastly expanded the number The Subcommittee on Disarmament, under may sell weapons and supplies from its of people charged with responsibility for the chairmanship of the senior Senator from stocks to any friendly country, and give getting legislation passed in a form satis­ Tennessee, Mr. Gore, and the Subcommittee up to 3 years' credit. Finally, the regular factory to the executive. on Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, . credit facilities of the Export-Import I express the most earnest hope, Mr. under the chairmanship of the senior Sena­ President, that Members will accept with tor from Missouri, Mr. Symington, have Bank and commercial banks will be studied at length many questions concerning . available to some countries now slated great skepticism these efforts to influence the U.S. arms sales program. The information to get credit assistance from the revolv­ · them to reject the committee's recom­ developed during hearings by these two sub­ ing fund. mendations. We did not reach our con­ committees was a major factor in the full The sources of U.S. arms aid and sales clusions hastily and they should not be committee's decision-by a vote of 12 to 6- financing, and the authority available rejected lightly. to abolish the revolving fund. In conclusion, I would give but one The revolving fund, the c·apital assets of to the President to provide help when example of the ease with which Mem­ which t.otaled *384 million as of June 30, necessary, will still be many and varied bers may be misled. 1967, is used in two ways to finance a foreign after the revolving fund is abolished. Headlines and editorials have described country's arms purchases in the ·United There is no doubt that this Nation will - States: through the extension Of direct -the committee's "butchery" or "slash­ credit to the count.ry, or to guarantee credit not be found wanting when arms aid to ing" of foreign aid. Overlooked is the provided by the Export-Import Bank (or, in a friend or ally-is truly important to the fact that most of our significant reduc­ rare instances, credit extended by privaite national interest. tions were in m111tary assistance, not eco- banks) . When gua.ranteeing credit extended 22552 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 14, 1967 by the Export-Import Barut or private banks, of $60 million from appropriations for mlll­ clusion that continuance of the Depart­ the Department of Defense, under the au­ tary assistance and expected to receive $60.5 ment's general authority for credit sales was thority of section 509(b) of the.act, must set million in collections and recoupments for not in the national interest. According to aside as a reserie only one-fourth of the total a total input of •120.5 million to the revolv­ material provided the committee by the ex­ guaranteed. In other words, on an arms sale ing fund. Under the Department of Defense ecutive branch, U.S. arms sales, government of $4 mlllion the Department commits only program, this amount would have financed and private, will total ei.5 bill1on this fiscal $1 milllon from the revolving fund. At the sales of $292.5 million to 15 countries. All are year. Ove' $1.2 billion-or 80 percent-of the end of the 1967 fiscal year, $230 million in less developed countries, with the exception total will be for cash, financed through com­ direct credit, and $666 million in credit of Israel which, with a.n annual per capita mercial sources, or financed by the Export­ backed by a Defense Department guarantee gross national product of $1,070, can hardly Import Bank without a credit guarantee by were outstanding. be considered in that category. the Department of Defense. Details concern­ In fiscal year 1968 the Department of De­ The committee considered the military ing the financing of arms sales are shown in fense programed an additional contribution sales question at length and reached the con- the following table:

TABLE 720.-FOREIGN MILITARY SALES ORDERS, COMMITMENTS TO ORDER, AND ESTIMATED FUTURE ORDERS SUMMARY BY TYPE OF ORDER [In millions of dollars]

Actual orders received Estimated future orders Commit­ Type of order and country category 1 Fiscal Fiscal Fiscal Fiscal Fiscal Fiscal ments as Fiscal Fiscal Fiscal year year year year year year ~~~~( of June year year year 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 2 30, 1967 1968 1969 1970 1~6~~7

1. DOD cash orders: 1 832.9 674. 7 757. 8 692.1 358. 5 520. 0 3, 836. 0 1, 573. 7 506.0 B:~~ :ile;~icii)eci:::======::::::=:=:::: 15. 9 12. 0 23.1 117. 5 202.2 130. 0 500. 7 27. 6 127. 0 Total ______--_____ - ___ -_-- - _------848.8 686. 7 780. 9 809.6 560. 7 650. 0 4, 336. 7 1, 601. 3 633.0 639 600 2. Commercial orders: Developed ______------__ _ 589. 7 443. 9 36Ll 304. 8 267. 5 285. 0 2, 252. 0 222. 0 Underdeveloped ______------__ _ 17. 6 38.6 33. 0 29. 0 98. 6 50. 0 266. 8 55. 9 TotaL __ - ___ ------607. 3 482. 5 394.1 333. 8 366.1 335. 0 2, 518. 8 277.9 260 300 3. Total DOD cash and commercial orders: 1 1. 422. 6 1, 118. 6 1, 118. 9 996. 9 626.0 805. 0 6, 088. 0 l, 573. 7 728.0 E:~~ ~cfe;~ioi)eci: == =::: =::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: = 33. 5 50. 6 56. 1 146. 5 300. 8 180. 0 767. 5 27. 6 182.9 TotaL------1, 456. 1 1, 169. 2 1, 175. 0 1, 143. 4 926. 8 985. 0 6, 855. 5 1, 601. 3 910. 9 899 900 4. Credit orders financed by the DOD credit sales account:J 58.9 89. 7 29.6 10. 1 196. 5 E:d~~d:v~ioiieci::::::::::::::::::::::::=::::::::::::::::: 10. 0 45. 6 49. 7 64.9 &j ----28:3 216.2 ---35:2 Total______----____ ------_------68. 9 135. 3 79. 3 75. 0 25. 9 28. 3 412. 7 36.2 60 66 5. Credit orders financed by the Export-Import Bank with DOD guaran- tee: Underdeveloped ______9.0 281. 4 314. l 604. 5 140. 0 256. 3 261 284 6. Credit orders financed by commercial banks with DOD guarantee: Underdeveloped------49.0 .8 12. 0 61.8 7. Total credit orders requiring DOD credit sales account funds: 1 58.9 89. 7 29.6 10. 1 E:d~ ~le;~oileci: == == :::======: =::: :: :: : ::: ======10. 0 45.6 49.7 122. 9 Total__ ------68.9 135. 3 79.3 133. 0 308.1 354. 4 1, 079. 0 140. 0 292. 5 321 350 8. Orders financed by the Export-Import Bank; no DOD guarantee: Developed ______------161. 4 35.0 573. 8 885.4 164. 2 1, 819. 8 329.6 296.6 280 250 9. Total credit-developed countries: DOD financed ______------__ ------_-- 58.9 89. 7 29. 6 10.1 196.5 Exim financed_------___ ------161. 4 35. 0 573. 8 88U ---154:2 1, 819. 8 ---329:5 ---295:5 TotaL------58.9 251.1 64. 6 583. 9 893. 6 164. 2 2, 016. 3 329. 6 296. 6 10. Total credit underdeveloped countries: DOD financed ___ ------____ ------__ ------__ ------10. 0 45.6 49. 7 64.9 17. 7 28.3 36.2 Exim financed ______------______------9.0 281.4 314.1 256.3 Other bank financed ____ ------49.0 .8 12. 0 Tota'------~ ------10. 0 45. 6 49. 7 122. 9 299. 9 354. 4 882. 5 140. 0 292. 5 11. Total credit program------68. 9 296. 7 114. 3 706. 8 1, 193. 5 518. 6 2, 898. 8 469. 6 589. 1 1%. I, 481. 5 1, 369. ·7 l, 183. 5 1, 580. 8 I, 519. 6 969. 2 8, 104. 3 l, 903. 3 1, 024. 6 Totai~~=ioileci:======43. 5 96.2 105. 8 269. 4 600. 7 534. 4 1, 650. 0 167. 6 475. 4 Tota'------1,525.0 1,465.9 1,289.3 1,850.2 2,120.3 1,503.6 9,754.3 2,070.9 1,500.0 1,500 1,500

I Developed countries are Western Europe except Greece, Turkey, Sp&in, and Portugal, plus a Credit orders for fiscal year 1966 are understated by 91.8 and for fiscal year 1967 by 37.1 Canada, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand. to reflect transfer to the Export-Import Bank. 2Cash and commercial data for fiscal year 1967 are estimated. Source: Department of Defense. Sales to the developed countries, which can ment. Current policies have resulted in cases where the furnishing o! milltary as­ afford weapons, are not affected by the com­ U .S.-furnished arms appearing in the hands sistance ls important to the national inter­ mitt.ee's action. The nations o! Europe, and of both sides in all too many regional dis­ est. Outside the Department of Defense pro­ Japan, Canada, Australia, New Zealand­ putes around the globe, sapping scarce re­ grams, underdeveloped nations can utUize countries which look to the United States as sources which should be used for economic the credit faclllties of the Export-Import an arms supply source--have suftlclent fi­ development, and creating an "arms mer­ Bank, if they can meet the Bank's require­ nancial standing either to buy commercially, chant" image for this country which con­ ments, and private bank credit may be avail­ without government credit, or to meet the trasts with our basic objective of promoting able in some cases--to a nation such as regular requirements of the Export-Import world peace. The committee's actions will Israel, for example. Bank. help force the executive branch to practice There are also a number of sources under The purpose of the amendment ls to get what lt preaches about preventing arms races the Foreign Assistance Act which will still be the Department or. Defense out of the busi­ and discouraging wasteful mllitary expendi­ available. Authority rema.ins to sell from ness of financing sales o! sophisticated mili­ tures by poor natlons. Department of Defense stocks with up to 3 tary hardware, on liberal credit terms, to The repeal of the · Department of Defense years credit. Under section 614 Of the act, countries which, 1n the committee's judg­ authority to finance commercial sales leaves the President has general authority 1o use up ment, do not have defense needs which undisturbed a number of sources of arms :for to $50 million to assist a country when ... • • justify American subsidization or involve- the underdeveloped countries, in the rare important to the security of the United Augus"t' 14, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE ·22553 States.", and this assistance can be provided their scarce resources in growing more food The system has been conducive to permis­ on either a loan or a grant basis: It should and building more schools and houses, not sive if not overeager sales to underdeveloped be noted that the $50 million limitation does in buying tanlts and jet ~ghters. countries Without any adequate examination not apply, and up to $250 million can be • • • • • of whether each transaction is in the total made available to a country "• • • which Section 201 (h) . Repeal of the special fund best interest of the United States: An amend­ is a victim of active Communist or Com­ for sales and guaranties ment to the foreign-aid bill by Senator munist-supported aggression." Military aid Church, passed 12-6 by the Foreign Relations was provided to six countries under this au­ This section terminates the revolving ac­ Committee, would abolish the revolving fund count for military credit sales authorized thor! ty in th~ last fl.seal year. at the end of the year. That would reroute Section 510 of the act authorizes the Presi­ by section 508 of the act. It is through use of arms sales into the regular channels of the dent to provide a country with up to $300 this revolving account that sales of military foreign-aid program, where they would be million, in a fiscal year, in equipment from weapons and supplies to the developing coun­ subject to tighter top-level controls within Department of Defense stocks "if he deter­ tries are financed, either through the ex­ the executive branch and to closer Congres­ mines it to be vital to the security of the tension of direct credit or through guaran­ sional scrutiny. That is the heart of the United States.'' The law requires that prompt teeing credit provided by the Export-Import matter. The Church amendment sets the notice of action taken under this authority Bank (and in rare instances, private banks). stage for the real policy battle on arms sales. be given to the Committees on Foreign Re­ In the last 5 fiscal years a total of $412.7 The amendment should be passed. lations, Appropriations, and Armed Services million in direct credit has been extended of the Senate and the Speaker of the House. through this sales account, and since 1965 Mr. FULBRIGHT. I suggest the ab­ The Foreign Relations Committee was in­ guaranties have been issued on $604.5 million sence of a quorum. formed in both fiscal 1965 and 1966 that this in sales financed with Export-Import Bank The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk authority was used for Vietnam. Upon fur­ funds and $61.8 million in credit extended will call the roll. The legislative clerk ther inquiry, however, it developed that what by private banks. For fiscal 1968 the Depart­ proceeded to call the roll. happened was that the drawndown authority ment of Defense planned to extend $36.2 mil­ was used for 17 other countries to replenish lion in direct credit from the fund and guar­ Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, I ask military assistance funds diverted to Viet­ antee $256.3 million in sales to be financed unanimous consent that the order for nam. The committee does not approve of this by the Export-Import Bank. This account ls the quorum call be rescinded. kind of sleight-of-hand bookkeeping and ex­ not used to finance credit for the developed The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without pects the Defense Department's reports to nations; they either buy for cash, on com­ objection, it is so ordered. be more candid in the future. Nevertheless, mercial terms, or through the regular facili­ the committee has extended the authority ties of the Export-Import Bank. Out of a Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, this is of section 510 (redesignated as sec. 506) for total of $1.5 billion in military export sales about the usual season when we con­ an additional year. And, in addition to these estimated for fiscal 1968, only $292.5 million sider the foreign aid bill, and as usual sources, there is the grant assistance pro­ would be financed through the revolving it is beset with some controversy, not only gram for which the committee has authorized fund, all of them sales to developing coun­ with respect to members of the commit­ $391 million. When it is truly important to tries (with perJ;laps one exception-a ques­ tee who have heard the testimony on the national interest that arms be furnished tion of definition). the bill, but also with respect to other to a foreign country, the authority ls avail­ As of June 30, 1967, the credit sales fund Senators and with respect to the divided able. The committee, however, does not had capital assets of $384 million, of which believe that military assistance should be $230 million was committed as direct credit opinion in the country. I think that con­ used as a kind of Public Law 480 surplus and $154 million as a reserve to back out­ troversy and that dissident spirit is cer­ disposal program for the Pentagon. standing guaranties in sales of $666 million. tainly understandable. • • • • The committee, for the reasons stated In the first place, the benefits of this REPEAL OF GUARANTY AUTHORrrY under general comments, recommends that bill, of course, go abroad, in the sense Paragraph ( 4) repeals subsection 503 ( e) the revolving fund be terminated. that that is where the goods are sent of the act which authorizes the Depart­ Mr. FULBRIGHT. Finally, Mr. Presi­ that may be bought here. The benefits ment of Defense to guarantee credit ex­ dent, I ask unanimous consent to have go to nearly every corner of the earth. tended by any "• • • individual, corpora­ printed in the RECORD at this point an Probably another reason is that our peo­ tion, partnership, or other association doing ple, our own taxpayers, do not see the business in the United States" for the pur­ editorial published in the New York chase of weapons, equipment, . or military Times of Saturday, August 12, 1967. results of this expenditure, and when supplies by a foreign country or international There being no objection, the editorial they hear about the billions of dollars we organization. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, have expended on foreign assistance It is under this authority, enacted in 1964, as follows: without visible results, one can well un­ that the Department of Defense guarantees derstand how they feel. A goodly number credit advanced by the Export-Import Banlt LIMIT ON ARMS SALES of the people come to the conclusion that to finance arms purchases by developing The Senate's refusal to prohibit the Export­ perhaps we have done our share. countries. Under current procedure, the De­ Import Bank from financing American arms partment of Defense advances credit to the sales to underdeveloped countries ls unfor­ I notice in one memorandum there was foreign country with funds it has obtained tunate but not irreparable. The closeness of an indication we have spent about $120 for that purpose from the Export-Import the 48-40 vote shows an awareness on Capi­ billion on this program in the last 20 Bank. The Export-Import Bank is given the tol Hill that conversion of the bank into a years. The appraisal and survey I made repayment rights on the credit extended; and principal channel for a secret flow of tanks last year, together with the staff, indi­ the Department of Defense, through its and planes to countries too poor to afford cated that we probably have spent closer guarantee, protects the Bank against de­ enough shoes and foOd has been a disservice fault by the foreign government. Section to world stability. to $140 billion over the period of the life 509(b) of the existing act requires the De­ · These sales are diverting scarce Asian, of this program since it was initiated partment to obligate only 25 percent of the African and Latin-American resources from by the speech of Secretary George Cat­ face amount guaranteed, and of the $384 economic progress and contributing to re­ lin Marshall long, long ago in 1944. How­ million in the credit sales fund on June 30, gional arms races that have more than once ever, people feel, and rightly so that that $154 million was held in a contingency re­ exploded into war. Concern over this mis­ is a very substantial sum of money and serve as a guarantee against credit loans. Of application of resources ls evident in the perhaps we have done our share, and the $666.3 million in outstanding credit lowered celling that the final Senate bill that perhaps other countries should be­ backed by this guarantee authority, $604.5 puts on the arms loan authority. gin to come forward and pick up a sub­ million has been extended by the Export­ One explanation for the Senate's failure Import Bank, with the remaining $61.8 mil­ to go all the way may have been a feeling stantial share of this load. Then, too, lion advanced by·private banks. All of the in some Congressional quarters that taking we now have a major siz~ war on our sales financed through use of the guarantee the Export-Import Bank out of the financing hands. The outlay for that war is enor­ authority have been to underdeveloped coun­ end of the arms business would evade the mous, and none of the Vietnam funds tries. root of the problem. That root ls the Defense are included in the military aspect of the The committee, as stated earlier, believes Department's revolving fund created by Con­ present bill. Therefore, that amount has that the entire policy behind the military as­ gress at the request of the Eisenhower Ad­ sistance and sales program needs drastic re­ ministration in 1957. The understanding was to be added to what we finally strike as a vision. It has eliminated the guarantee au­ that this fund would help taper off arms total of money that is expended in the thority as a means of starting to bring the grants by facilitating arms credits through field of foreign aid. program more in line with what the commit­ commercial banks. Instead, it has become the Now there comes also a loud clamor at tee considers to be this Nation's true inter­ vehicle for underwriting the "country X" home.for benefits of one kind or another ests. It does not think that those interests loans through which the Export-Import Bank are served by a policy which promotes the helps underdeveloped countries buy arms which are regarded as having a be.aring proliferation of -sophisticated U.S; weapons Without even knowing which countries are ·upon the moving causes for the riotous in the hands of people who should be using involved. sentiment that has expressed itself in 22554 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 14, 1967 more than 80 communities in the United Second, the committee report, I think, think a new approach has suddenly made States. mentions that there should be commen­ its advent. That is that there has got to It ls therefore understandable why the surate self-help. There is nothing truer be more emphasis on farm technology. bill becomes more and more controversial than that. I have been over the world a good deal, with each passing year. When nations fail properly to appre­ and I have seen the primitive ways in In the instant bill for fiscal year 1968, ciate this aid, or fail or refuse~ither which the soil is tilled. The marvel is that in round figures, there is made available one-to come through with the kind of it even produces subsistence. The people for economic purposes $2.6 billion, and self-help to which I think we are en­ have got to be taught technology. From for miUtary purposes $600 million, ex­ titled for our largesse, then, of course, our standpoint, that would be infinitely clusive of Vietnam. But that ls not the it is a closed question as to whether a cheaper than any other aid that we could whole story. If we are going to take the country like that is deserving of our aid. possibly render. I have seen such technol­ whole story of foreign assistance, we Then there is the question of indige­ ogy by our experts in the Philippines, I must include what we do under Public nous capital. I have mentioned that in have seen it in Vietnam, I have seen it in Law 480. That is indicated to be approxi­ other years. It comes starkly home now. Burma, I have seen it in the Middle East, mately $1.8 billion. That is for commodi­ The committee report indicates, and I I have seen it in north Africa. Certainly, ties, whether sold for local currencies or have found this documented elsewhere, the problem is not only the theory of dollar sales, or whether they are just that in Latin America it is reliably esti­ population control but also an improved gratis donations. mated there is some $17 billion of indig­ farm technology which will assure a food Then we have the $124 million for the enous capital invested beyond the bor­ supply. Peace Corps to add because that also is ders of Latin-American countries. But there is still another consideration. essentially an assistance operation. One can readily guess that these funds I began to see inklings of it, but not In addition, we are now subscribing to are invested in Switzerland, Sweden, the nearly enough has been done about it; the capital stock of a good many devel­ United States, and elsewhere. But the that is, a reconditioning of the atmos­ opment banks such as the International idea of $17 billion in Latin-American phere and the climate in a good many Development Association, for $104 mil­ capital coming to other areas for invest­ countries that will invite private enter­ lion, and the Inter-American Develop­ ment, when there is such a crying need prise to enter. Not too long ago, in speak- ment Bank, for $300 million. for those funds in the Latin-American _ing with the president of a large corpora­ Thus, there is a total of $5.5 billion. countries, betokens either a lack of con­ tion in New York, we were discussing the Let us add to that what the Export­ fidence in the stability of their countries need for fertilizer in a number of coun­ Import Bank does in the foreign field, in or there may be some other reason. tries. At that time, he mentioned to me behalf of our own business confraternity, But, in any event, it is something of a that his company was prepared to build and I do not even add that, but we can reflection and something of an affront at least five or six plants in a certain see that this is quite an astronomical upon the people highly identified with country. The difficulty, however, was that sum. Latin-American governments that so _those who gave direction to the affairs of I thought that the committee made a much of that Latin-American capital the country insisted that they have 51 rather substantial cut. I am not sure should go abroad. percent of the stock in each of those that is the entirety of the cut, or whether I was interested in an item which came countrles, and that they have a majority in both military and economic still fur­ to my attention about the Prime Minis­ on the board of directors. ther cuts might be made. But the cut in ter of an Asian country who, upon h1s What I cannot quite imagine is the di­ economic assistance was $531 million, death only a few years back, was found to rectors or the omcers of a large U.S. cor­ and in the military, $205 million. have a vast fortune invested entirely out­ poration taking their stockholders' mon­ Some time later, I hope to say some­ side his own country, the country that he ey and investing it 10,000 or 12,000 miles thing about the guarantees which have had served as Prime Minister. He had from home and then letting somebody been scaled down, both as to extent and been catapulted into a position where he else have control over how the corpora­ percentagewise. I remember the years had a great voice in determining policy tion is to be managed and how the prof­ when we belabored the bill on the ground and giving direction to the affairs of a its, if any, are to be e:ll"PQrted back to this that there should be a large sector to country, but his money he invested on country for the use and benefit of the which private enterprise could devote the outside, doubtless because he wanted shareholders. I can understand, I sup­ itself. Well, we thought we had arrived it to be secure. I think we must take ac­ pose, the mood of the leaders in other at that point. If that is true, there must count of that fact, for if they have no countries who took that viewPOint, but be some incentive for private enterprise confidence in their own country, then if that is the way they feel, I doubt to do so. The risks abroad are great. why should we have confidence in sueh whether they should expect too much There is, for instance, the danger always country? that the American people, who, through of expropriation of U.S. property. There But there is still another reason why frugality and thrift, save their money could even be confiscation. There could I am glad that we are now putting some and invest it in corporate equities, would also be harassment of enterprises as they emphasis on the question of population stand idly by while those who manage go abroad. control. The figures I have seen cited those enterprises take that money and Whatever it is, the directors of Ameri­ would indicate that between 1960 and spend it abroad, without knowing full can business, after all, serving only their 1965, inclusive, the population gain in well where the control lies and how they shareholders, should be able to see some Latin America, on the average, has been are going to recapture their capital and incentives here. That is why the guaran­ about 17 percent. Oddly enough, the gain profits. tee program becomes quite important. in food production has been only 10 per­ There has got to be a better atmos­ I think I sense a rather new approach cent. One would think that the old theory phere and a better climate if they expect to the whole program. It has been a long of Malthus was coming into play, and to entice private enterprise money in this time coming. I think it is here. that the population would finally out­ country to go abroad. First, and I have alluded to it already, run the cal>a'billty of a country to provide I think another factor ought to be em­ I remember the days when we belabored subsistence for its population. We have phasized in this picture, and that is that this progral11 up one side and down the not done much as yet in that field, and it is high time for other countries to do a other, on the ground that the only way there is so much that must be done. If, little more in the foreign assistance field. to get the Federal Government out of as has been estimated, the world popu­ I am wondering how much France has some of these programs was to swap pri­ lation is expected to double in the next been doing. It seems to me that if Presi­ vate enterprise for them. I think that 1s 30 years, it is high time that major dent de Gaulle wants to serve mankind being developed now. emphasis be placed upon the question of and a feverish world best, instead of We have been quite liberal when it population control; in fact, that ought to making a trip to this continent to stir up comes to grants to countries all over the be made one of the preconditions for aid the people in Quebec,. he might come world. Long ago we should have tight­ from this country, otherwise the in­ around and suggest ways in which ened the purse strings and tried to con­ creases in the numbers of peolJle will French money and French talents can vert these into loans rather than grants. simply out-run whatever we can do in be added to this kind of program in the That day. I think, 1s rapidly approach­ the field of foreign aid. name of France itself so as to alleviate ing. There is still another reason why I some of the suffering and alleviate con- .August 14., 196.7 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 22555 ditions that exist in the underdeveloped That is what happens to people in world's economic problems. Such is the stark and undeveloped countries. That would such countries; and there is neither com­ magnitude of the problem presented to the be equally true of Great Britain. That petence, talent, money, no:r goods enough world in general. and especially to the United States as its wealthiest nation. would be true of Canada. It would be in this country to relieve that burden true of the Scandinavian countries. Cer­ upon the world, unless they exercise a A mer.ican attitudes toward foreign aid tainly it would be true of Germany. large measure of self-help, and unless Support for the principles o! foreign aid, I other countries which have some capac­ private or public, lies deep within our frame­ think when the President made a re­ work of national tradition. Americans re­ port some months ago he said, . among ity for it join in the overall effort. sponded to Belgium Relief in 1914, the Tokyo other things, that he had managed to I believe that the hideous future that earthquake in 1923, and the Arno River :tlood get some agreement on the part of other one can f orsee would result from un­ of 1966 with equal alacrity. countries to be more helpful in this field, checked hunger, keeps people with their The $117 billion spent by the U.S. Gov­ but, as yet, I have seen no facts or figures noses in the wind in behalf of some kind ernment since 1946 speaks for itself. Just to indicate to what extent they are going of foreign aid program. as surely, Americans recognize that serious be But let it be sensible. Let it be reason­ :flaws exist in our present methods, and in to try to helpful the response or lack of response of others to There is one other item that I presume able. And let us insist that other coun­ these methods. Republicans believe we should I should mention, and that is the ac­ tries share the burden with us. be able to buy more aid and development for knowledged existence of certain corrupt Mr. President, in this connection, I much less money. oligarchies in some countries in this have a report released today by the Re­ We cannot abandon the goals; we cannot world. I am not going to mention them. I publican National Committee, represent­ continue present actvities Without major could aUude to one experience in order to ing the work of a special task force on changes. prove it. rt happened some years ago. foreign relations which has been serving Republicans have always favored sensible When I mentioned to a Cabinet member the Republican National Coordinating f~ of foreign aid in a given country that I thought~ in view Committee. It is excellently ·done, and I In many instances, American programs of of all we had done, some of our com­ believe the conclusions merit the consid­ assistance to foreign nations a.nd peoples have panies were entitled to a little of the drug eration of all Americans. proved enormously worthwhile; and often Re­ publican leadership ma.de these successes business, and I mentioned some of the So, Mr. President, I ask unanimous possible. larger pharmaceutical houses in the consent to have printed in the RECORD The program o! relief to Europe after United States. After a very considerable the report entitled "Foreign Economic ·world War I,. led by Herbert Hoover, res­ discussion, he looked me right 1n the eye Assistance," published by the Republican cued whole nations f.rom the clutches of fam­ and he said, "The reason they do not get National Coordinating Committee and ine; nor have the Finns forgotten the a.id very much business is that they do not released today, August 14, 1967, together directed to them under Mr. Hoover in 1940. have very much to offer." I said, "What with a list of the members of the Repub­ The UNRRA program, whose first director -do you mean-prieewise?" "Oh, no," he lican Coordinating Committee and a list was the former Republican Mayor of New York City, Fiorello H. La Guardia, saved mil­ saidw "You forget that if I get paid at all of the members of the task force. lions of lives after World War II. as a Cabinet officer, I have got to find it There being no objectionp the items The Point Four and Marshall Plan pro­ myself." That is what I mean by corrupt requested were ordered to be printed in grams, of prime importance in the postwar oligarchies that exist in the world. And the RECORD, as follows: reconstruction of Europe, would never have if they exist, how do the benefits of the FoREIGN ECONOMIC- ASSISTANCE come. into existence Without the approval and support of the Republican 80th Con­ assistance program dribble down to the The cost of U.S. foreign assistance people for whom our aid and assistance gress. The post-war efforts of the United States The Peace Corps and Food-for-Peace con­ is, intended? It just· does not work. And Government to assist other nations of the cepts were legally incorporated into our aid only one forC'e that can clean up the globe a.re now twenty years old. program by the Republican 83rd Congress mess, and it is the people themselves. It is During that period-from July 1, 1946 under the leadership of President Eisen­ not easy, I grant you, but some effort has through June 30, 196&-the United States hower. The International Voluntary Service to be made in that direction. provided more than $117 bi1lion to over 100 idea of 1953 was simply enlarged and re­ One thing alarms me some-what about foreign. nations. This aid :ranged m amount named Peace Corps by the Democrats. The foreign aid and about the attitude that from. one. hundred thousand dollars to the program o! distributing agricultural sur­ African state of Gambia to $9.5 billion to pluses abroad also began in 1953 under Pub­ we have taken. I think my own attitude France.) Appendix. A is a listing of these ex­ lic Law 480 and was merely renamed Food­ has softened a little, and for a reason. penditures since June 1, 1946.) for-Peace by the Democrats. There does exist what I notice has been The foreign aid program today involves The military aid program was a major ele­ referred to-and I think it was in the major annual expenditures of funds. In the ment in the alliance system fashioned under report of the National Republican Co­ fiscal year ended June 30, 1966, :foreign aid ex­ the Eisenhower-Dulles foreign policy. ordinating Committee-as the so-called penditures totaled $3.4 billion-some 3.1 per­ Even the recent special emphasis status If cent of the total Federal Budget. To this for Latin America stems from the Bogota dangerous gulf. one tried to chart the amount shouid be added the agricultural per capita share of a person in this coun­ meeting of Western Hemisphere heads of surpluses distributed abroad, loans by the state chaired by President Eisenhower. The try, measured against the gross national -U.S. Government's Export-Import Bank and enabling legislation for special emphasis aid product, it would amount to $3,648. But the U.S. portion of funds loaned by various to Latin America was passed In 1960 .during what do you think the per capita share multilateral agencies. the Eisenhower Administration. Again the would be in India? It would be $104. In The problem's magnitude Democrats have developed no new Ideas­ Indonesia it would be $70. That is for an The economic gap between the United they have simply added the name Alliance entire year. In Nigeria it is $117 .. In States and the developing nations is increas­ for Progress. Bolivia it is $149. The average for those ing. every year. The per ca.pita Gross Na­ Thus it is clear that the Republican Party tional J>roduct (GNP) of the United States has always endorsed the purposes of foreign countries would be $110. That is about aid . . for 1966 wa~ $3,648. For the same year, that one-thirtieth of the per capita share of Moreover, we have always promoted new the gross national product for each per­ of India was $104; Indonesia. $70; Nigeria. $117; Bolivia $149-an average of $110 for ideas and changes in the aid program aimed son in the United States.of ,America. Well, the four. The gap; $3,538. at ma.king the large amounts of official capi­ can that be called the dangerous gap or The United States per capita GNP in 1960 tal spent a.broad more effective. the dangerous gulf? One sometimes won­ was $2,993; for the same other four nations Republicans believe that it is again time ders how long people will put up with it averaged $97. The gap: $2,896. !or innovation and that the methods used in administering the aid program today fall that low living standard before they rebel This gap, ls thus widening from $2,896 far short of what the people have a right and begin a riotous course. :to $3,538, over six years, increased by 22.2 to expect. I think I can condude all this, and percent. . particularly that last, with what that old Our GNP has go:p.e up 21.9 percent since PURPOSES OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE patriarch Isaiah wrote on the parch­ 1960; theirs 13.4 percent. Today, their GNP The Republican Party supports the fol­ as a percentage of ours is 3.0 percent, in lowing five purposes of foreign economic ments of Scripture a long time ago, when 1960 is was 3.3 percent. This is the situa­ aid: -he said: tion-in spite of all the foreign aid efforts ( 1) The promotion of peace, security, and And it shall come to pass, that when they of ourselves and others. stability abroad in our own national inter­ shall be hungry, they shall fret themselves We must recognize that neither the U.S., est. and curse their king and their God, and look nor all the prospering powers of the world To a peace-loving nation such as the upward.. combined for that matter, can solve all the United States, security and stability 22556 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - S:ENATE August 14, 1967 throughout the free and the uncommitted As people nurtured in the Judea-Christian timony to this--so far, _people's e_xpectations, worlds are in our national interest as well humanitarian tradition, we are impelled to rathe~ than their living stan~ards, are often as theirs. help others less fortunate than ourselves. the only thip.g which have been raised.1 Where domestic economic and political Our churches and synagogues, our schools Lt is obvious that promises of much pub­ frustrations pile up in the nations of these and colleges are the strongest supporters of licized development programs, if not fulfilled, worids, resentful leaders seek foreign ene­ this approach. can be positively dangerous to the fragile so­ mies to explain domestic failures. Wars, (4) The demonstration that the free world cial structure of developing nations. There­ near-wars, and armaments are costly-to .can give a more satisfying, prosperous life fore; we must realize that the development us as well as to them. Hence, much of our than Communism. methods of the late 1960's must be different aid should be· directed toward cooperation Clearly we are anti-Communist. Clearly in many ways from the reconstruction meth­ in securing national security and stability. the Communist way of life outrages our ods used in Europe in the late 1940's. One Peace is not guaranteed thereby, but the deep love of freedom and our religious crucial point is that the time span involved scales are weighted in its direction. Much of faith. Yet these great values are not uni­ will be far longer; recipients must be told this our aid has been and should continue to be versally shared in the form in which we hold rather than being given glib promises about directed toward those nations which are them. Where corrupt governments, exploit­ what the future can bring. most likely to cooperate in building up in­ ing landowners, and greedy money-lenders It appears that the U.S. Government is ternal order, especially when pointed toward .are able to bleed their people, Communism learning these things the hard way. It is no increasing freedom and prosperity. Korea, has all too strong an appeal. It is for us service to the objectives of foreign aid to the Republic of China, Iran, Turkey, Tunisia, in such circumstances to demonstrate that gloss over these difficulties and failures. How­ Chile will serve as examples. All of these-­ alternatives which include freedom as a goal ev-er, we believe that such problems will yield as with all nations which are in similar can do better than either reaction or Com­ to diagnosis, given the necessary realism in stages of development--have areas of insta­ munism. The people in the Republic· of analyzing their principal causes. billty, but their chances of progress toward China on Taiwan are dramatically outper­ Therefore, the Republican Party attaches economic and political maturity have de­ forming the regimented Chinese on the special importance to the following methods monstrably been aided by our cooperation. mainland. In scores of other developing na­ and principles, the fa.ilures to apply which We should continue such cooperation. tions-India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Nigeria., have ·accounted for most of the justified Vietnam is a special case. There are many Brazil-a crucial drama is being played out. criticism of aid to date. Lt pledges i·tself to reasons for our involvement, and the search If these nations fa.11, it should not be be­ their vigorous application. for order and stablllty is but one among cause we denied them assistance. Ours is 9.n (1) No aid should be extended without many. It is self-evident to all of us, that if affirmative approach-to build on what there commensurate self-help effort on the part of and when peace, security, and stability are is, with our eyes fixed steadily on the end those aided. In this connection, the follow­ attained in Vietnam, our national interest result. ing activities have been grossly under­ will be greatly advanced an over the world. ( 5) The spread of cooperation and friend­ emphasized. It is also clear that in attaining such peace, ly partnership among freedom-loving na­ (a) Community development, enlisting the security, and stability, large-scale economic tions. active participation of people at the village and technical, as well as m~litary, aid will We must encourage other developed na­ and town level. Rural cooperatives are an ex­ be necessary. tions to increase their assistance to the ample, even though they challenge existing The promotion of prosperity 'in other · (2) "have nots." We should be prepared to co­ local power structures. Such power struc­ nations as an aid to prosperity at home. operate with other "have" nations in estab­ tures often involve, not only the landlords It ls well known that prosperity increases lishing priorities and plans for large projects and politicians, but also the bankers and trade; that most of our trade, both exports in developing countries. For long term aid other money lenders and at times even the and imports, is with the prosperous nations. in support of major development schemes, religious leaders. Obstacles of this character Of our total exports last year, canada, cooperation would be increased and U.S. have been noticeable in nations as diverse as Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Japan costs reduced by devising consortiums com­ Turkey, India, Brazil, the Philippines. and Western Europe accounted for $13.5 posed of other non-Communist donors. Painfully but surely, with many mistakes billion or about two-thirds of our exports. The spirit of cooperation must also be but with many successes, hundreds and even As nations increase in prosperity, their shared by those we would aid. The develop­ thousands of communities in Latin America., purchases from us likewise increase: they ing partnerships should not be viewed as Pakistan, and elsewhere are engaged in co­ consume even more than they compete. For­ operative self-help. Often the least costly being one sided, for the aided nations have projects financially are among the most suc­ example, Japan, with a per capita income much to give us while working with us for of $93 in 1935, bought $225.8 million from cessful. Leadership may be local, A.ID., or a. peaceful world. They can enrich us with Peace Corps. A modest knowledge of account­ us. In 1966, with a per capita income of their culture. They can help our students $922, lt bought $2.9 blllion. During the same ing is obviously necessary, but even more im­ 30 years, Mexico's figures were respectively overseas. Above all, they can and must take portant is the capacity for dedicated realistic the necessary cooperative steps within their service that recognizes that permanent bene­ $61 and $66.4 million in 1935, and $470 and own boundaries to develop and spread the $1.7 billion in 1966. Iran's were $50 and $23.3 _fits can only arise from 'ultimate local re- wlll to work with the West toward mutually sponsibility. million in 1935, and $220 and $83.7 million beneficial goals. There are values in such in 1966. Venezuela's were $92 and $125.7 partnerships which pay dividends in peace Over-enthusiasm can bring premature mul­ million in 1935, and $895 and $1.1 billion and understanding to all concerned. tiplication of such projects, as in Peru; but in 1966. in Peru also can be found some of the great­ If we can help to set the developing na­ PRINCIPLES AND METHODS est successes. Wherever the local effort is most tions squarely on the road to prosperity, Discouragement and erosion of support hopeful, aid, however modest, of a financial our trade with them will inevitably increase. for foreign aid have come about, not ini­ and technical nature should, where practi­ ( 3) The attempt to narrow the dangerous tially because of disagreement with these cable, be forthcoming. This "grass roots'.' de­ gulf between the "haves" and the "have purposes, but because of mounting evidence velopment of attitudes is far more produc­ nots." of waste, misuse, and downright failure in tive in the long run future of a nation than The gap between the Gross National far too many cases. It is both easy and fash­ many a grandiose project. Products (GNP's) of the "haves" and the ionable to attack foreign aid itself because (b) Utilization at home of capital funds "have nots" is increasing dramatically. De­ of these failures. In some instances, expec­ now exported by nationals of the countries spite all foreign aid efforts to date, the tations have been too great; in still others, aided. It is reliably estimated that billions, figures at the beginning of this paper in­ the recipients themselves have been largely some say perhaps as much as $17 billion, of dicate that the magnitude of this problem to blame; in still others, administrative indigenous capital is presently invested has been increasing, rather than decreasing, short-comings on our part are responsible. abroad by Latin American nationals. This during the 1960's. Attempting to narrow this Not all of these latter are blameworthy, ex­ sum may be more than the total U.S. aid to gap is a matter of conscience as well as cept in retrospect, for the foreign aid pro­ these same nations since 1945. The late Prime sound policy. gram itself was essentially a great experi­ Minister of one of the Asian countries aided In the event of a great disaster, our people ment. was found to have a vast fortune banked have always been ready to respond gener­ However, Republicans believe that the abroad at the time of his death-an amount ously. However, here we are dealing with a United States should attempt to improve its perhaps equivalent to the total economic and long-range situation in which a single gift aid program based on the evidence deriv­ . military aid annually extended by us to his from our wealth is not the answer. What 1s ing from past experience. Unfortunately, country. needed is the wise use of a portion of our successive Democratic administrations have It is not enough merely to criticize these growing annual increment in those situa­ by and large failed to understand that the weaJlthy people; nor perhaps should we pe- tions in which a permanent gain in the amazing and rapid success of the Marshall productivity of the "have nots" will result. Plan could not be quickly duplicated among i The Alliance's basic goal was very appro­ What is also needed-needed more perhaps peoples who have not had in their histOry priately stated in human term&-to increase than our money, machines, food surpluses _or the experience of industrialization or the per capita income not less than 2.5 percent technical know-how-is the infusion of our social conditions making for progress. Yes­ per year over the next 10 -years. At the half­ economic philosophy, with its stress on free­ terday's problems in Europe are not the way point in 1966 only 7 of 19 countries had dom of opportunity and incentive, which same as today's problems in Asia, Africa and managed to meet this goal, and they repre­ has generated the spectacular growth in the Latin America. The disappointing results of sent slightly less than 30 percent of Latin "have" nations. the Alliance for Progress bear adequate tes- America's total population. August 14, ·1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD_· SENATE 22557 na.Iize' their ra.nir:-8.nd-IDe ·cltlzens therefore. ble rethrn over a longer period. Puerto Rico's Aid and comfort should not be given ·by the Local people -often have the ·same fears about progre.sS under Operation Bootstrap is an out­ U.S. to tho.s.e who consistently help . our investing in their own economfes as our cap­ standing example of _what can be accom­ enemies or the enemies of other free men. italists have. plished whep. a li:beral private investment cli­ Nor should aid, be giv·en to thos.e who rattle Inflation, instability, corrilption, fears of mate 1s created in a developing .area. swords or engage in aggr:ession. If private confiscation all take their toll. On the other ( 4) Special care should be taken to avoid representation to the nation's leaders does hand, it is neither justifiable nor possible aid being used to bolster corrupt and self­ not produce results, the Voice of America, to ball out nations-which are unable or un­ perpetuating oligarchies. No error on oilr in certain instances, might make this fact willing to create the necessary conditions part has been more exploited by the Com­ clear to the people of a countey. for i:Q.vestment. Perhaps a combination of munists than this. There. are "the obvious This does not mean that like Robespierre, taxing exports of capital, joint guarantees examples, and they ha.ve been far from ex­ Hitler, or Stalin we should insist upon sup­ or insurande of" a substantial portion of in­ ceptional. Where corruption has been a way port of our foreign policy in all its aspects. vestment at honre by their governments and of life and where ollgarchles, 'milltary and We are dealing with independent nations and ours, together with quiet· but persistent pres­ otherwise, are the general rule, the dilemma a measµre of demonstrated independence sure for a slow but sure improvement of of how to reach the poor man at the bot­ from us in certain matters is often a polltlcal business practices and clinlate, may turn the tom is a cruel one. The acid test is whether necessity for their leaders. tide. - the benefits are really reaching the masses (8) Our aid should be concentrated in (c) Family planning. The export of Ameri­ of the people in increasing mea:sure--and countries of special importance to the United can agricultural surpluses, and ·even· progress are not disassociated from the United States States. A limited number of countries should in international agricultural development, as a source. Constant, unrelenting pressure receive the major portion of our aid, be­ are often at best simply "buying time." Pop­ toward reform in these matters may be la­ cause (a) they are lmpor.tant economically ulation increases in excess of 2.5 percent a. belled "interference" or "aid with strings at­ in that they have an ordered timetable for year-are likely to·equal or exceed the practi­ tached," but there is no other defensible and eliminating the necessity o! economic aid­ cable a.nnual gains In gross national agri­ permanent answer. Situations will increas­ such as Tunisfa, Turkey and Iran; (b) they cultural production for many natroiis. India, ingly arise in which aid should be reduced are important to us militarily-such as non­ the United Arab Republic, Brazil, Indonesia or completely cut off pending reform. Communlst Korea, Vietnam and Turkey; or will serve as examples. In Latin America the (5) We should e:IYplore the economic via­ (c) they are lm.por.tant politically in that our population Increased 17 percent between bility of regional marketing plans which will Communist rivals have failed and a new 1960 and 1965 while their food production give small developing nations wider markets government wants help in returning to free increased only 10 percent. Thus many coun­ for their products. The success of the ·central enterprise development--such as Indonesia tries are actually losing ground. American Common Market illustrates possi­ and Ghana. In other nations we should con­ In some fashion these and other nations b111tles for similar modest groupings in parts sider instituting small aid programs de­ similarly situated must meet this problem. of Afrtca and elsewhere in Latin America. By signed to demonstrate friendship and main­ We can cooperate technically and financially, extending bilateral aid to individual coun­ tain a minimum presence. In these latter but only a · determined effort on their pa.rt tries participating in such cooperatlvely­ nations we should attempt to cooperate with to check their population growth can really planned efforts, we can promote the economic the greater efforts of other developed coun­ ·do the job. At its present rate of growth, the viability of many of the smaller nations, at tries. OUr llst of priority countries should be world's population will double in less than least until such time as they prove them­ fiexible so that new countries can be added, SO years. No such increase in food produc- selves wilU:ng to go beyond joint planning and hopefully so that some countries will tion is in sight. · to closer economic or even political associa­ dev·elop to the point that they are al;>le to Even the ·united States with its diminish­ tion. dispense with our economic aid altog.ether. ing grain surpluses could not meet the needs Extending U.S. bilateral aid to a country For example, the Republic of China no longer of the single nation of India at its present which has agreed with its neighbors on what needs our economi.c aid, and also requires rate of population growth and need for more tyPe of development each will undertake in less milltary aid (although Lt must be kept than two or three years longer. · order to safeguard against dupllcation in a in mind that termination of military aid is (2) The >Spread of American agricultural small market area, such as Central America, not controlled solely by development fac­ knowledge and techniques should be einpha­ is quite a different matter from trying to tors) , and Turkey is approaching a similar siZed. The great majority of the world's peo­ force nations together which have different situation. ple are poorly nourished and the Communist aspirations and cultural backgrounds. In this We look forward to the eventual termina­ system has repeatedly demonstrated it ls un­ connection, Republicans belleve the Adm.1n1s­ tion of all grants 1.n aid and toward the time able to meet this challenge. As Professor Don tratlon's plan, as outlined in the Korry Re­ in which the normal processes of trade, pro­ Paarlberg h·as said, "Agricultural capacity is port, of trying to force newly independent duction and loans wilI carry the burden of an asset which we have, which our friends and highly nationalistic African states into development. need and which our rivals lack. ., He suggests regional groupings as a pre-requisite for re­ (9) Evidence that technical assistance is we move niore decisively in attempting to c'eivlng American aid is unreallstic. Moreover, often a better stimulant to growth than large help the world's hungry people by putting trying-to give aid to an amorphous regional scale capital transfers should be seriously more emphasis on technical aid d~slgned to grouping cannot possibly garner as much examined, particularly in light of the United exploit our agricultural technology, capabil­ credit for the U.S. as can direct bilateral aid. States• balance of payments problem. It ls ities in fertlllzers, insecticides and food proc­ Naturally we expect developing countries becoming increasingly apparent in foreign, essing industrl~s. and agricultural business to place emphasis on productive efftclency so as well as domestic, affairs, that attempts know-how, especially in developing credit that they can quickly develop the ability to by the Democrats to solve problems by simply and marketing facilities. compete in world markets. They gain little applying large amounts of tax dollars to them In this connection. we must instill in the by simply widening the area in which pro­ do not necessarily work. When aid to less recipients the idea that the distribution of tected industries are sustained behind high developed countries was first proposed, ex­ American agricultural surpluses is an emer­ tariffs or other controls. perts stressced the need for technical aid and gency, rather than a routine, measure. Where (6) More emphasis should be placed on warned against a large scale public capital necessary they should be asked to agree to projects that will visibly reach the masses of investment program. Then, as now, the ab­ improve their own agricultural capacity as people. Land reform accompanied by market­ sorptive capacity of developing countries was a pre-requisite for receiving Food-for-Peace ing cooperatives (as in Chile), land regroup­ definitely limited by a lack of administrative shipments. All too often in the past the pro­ ing (as in the Republic of China), and col­ and technical skllls. Moreover, large scale vision of our surplus food has interfered with lective availability of up-to-date agricultural grants and loi>ns, particularly program loans market forces which otherwise would have machinery and credit a.re cases in point. which provide balance of' payments support, encouraged agricultural production and has Under such conditions, there would be en­ have in many cases made it possible for re­ thus fostered the continuance of . foolish, couragement to greater productivity. Simple cipient countries to persist in policies which centralized . planning-usually aimed at roads to market towns, as in Panama, will discourage domestic savings and private in­ building uneconomic industries as in India. often mean more than super highways. vestment (both foreign and domestic) and (3) We should rely more on private enter­ Schools, health clinics, instruction in home inhibit the development of efftcient export prise to encourage development abroad. This industries and mechanics, are further ex­ production. Republicans believe future aid requires a more favorable clima.te in the na­ amples. should be contingen·t upon the recipients tions concerned. Threats of nationalization, (7) While not making aid conditiOnal upon pursuing policies calculated t<> maximize confiscatory_ taxation, undue limitations on support for our foreign policy, aid should not economic efftciency and the utilization of interest rates, g.eneral h .ostilit.y to investors ordinarily be forthcoming to (a) those na­ private capital and know-how. from other nations, and the lack of native tions whose heads of state (like Nasser) en­ The Administration's contention that the managerial ability do not encourage the gage in continual intemperate abuse of the adverse effect on our balance of payments of influx of prLva.te capital. We on our part must Uni ted States or (b} those nations which capital outfiow under aid programs ls slight, be more ready. to share controls with foreign give military aid to our enemies in Vietnam because aid is "tied" to procurement of U.S. nationals, more ready to impart our skills or which engage in military aggression, or goods and services, is now widely recognized and technlque.s to-them so as to stimulate (c} those nations which, in contravention of to be misleading. The Department of Com· indigenous investment capable of competing, international law, harass American citizens merce publlshed figures in March 1967 show­ more willing to accept lower immediate re­ engaged in commerce, Cambodia ------­ 343.1 countries, such as Malaysia and the Ivory in the U.S. to the realistic evaluation of China ------··------4,778.2 Coast, have built boom economies by simply what our aid is actually accomplishing. Both Hong Kong ------55.7 emphasizing production of the one or two the Executive and Legislative Branches must Indochina, undistributed ______1,535.2 crops which they produce most proficiently. broaden their supervision over AID and in­ Indonesia ------875.9 At the same time, other countries, such as sure maximum objectivity. If the sponsoring Japan ------­ 4, 138.7 Indonesia and Ghana, have destroyed what agency under the present Administration is Korea ------­ 6,315.9 should have been viable economies, based unwilling to be realistic in such matters, Laos ------418.6 upon agricultural earnings, by trying to di­ then Congress must act responsibly in giving Malaysia ------39.1 1,914.8 versify into uneconomic industrial activity. its own time and in employing the necessary PhilippinesRyukyu Islands ------______Still others, such as India, have ignored the qualified staff to perform this function. This 325.7 most basic. food needs of their people in their requires much more than a "fishing expedi­ Thailand ------­ 442.8 haste to industrialize. The United States tion." It should be approached construc­ Vietnam ------2,383.7 should certainly not encourage any such tively. Far East regionaL------2,723.9 basically uneconomic activity. The importance of effective aid cannot be (12) We should realize that, while certain over stressed and the issues involved in im­ Total 26,405.9 problems are common to all or almost all of proving the program are far too important the developing nations, each one is in many for narrow partisanship. Aid is an expensive AFRICA matters separate and distinct. Generaliza­ humanitarian experiment. The American Algeria ------­ 163.7 tions-including those in this document-­ people have a right to expect sound adminis­ Burundi ------72.4 25. 1 are dangerous. Those in the field realize the tration of their funds and solid progress as CameroonCentral African ------Republic ______a result. 2.8 truth of this more than those in Washington. 4.2 These latter attach too much importance to APPENDIX A Chad ------"uniformity." Congo (Brazzaville)------­ 2.4 Total United States foreign assistance, by Congo (Leopoldville)------317.4 (13) We should strengthen the Ambas­ country July 1, 1946 through June 30, 1965 8.7 sador in his role as chief of mission. Only the Dahomey ------[Figures in millions of dollars] Ethiopia ------247.6 very strongest considerations should be al­ 4.8 lowed to over-rule his veto; and, subject only NEAR EAST AND SOUTH ASIA Gabon ------­ Gambia ------.1 to budgetary limitations, his affirmative Afghanistan ------307.1 170.4 recommendations should normally be ac­ Ceylon ------­ 92.2 0-hana ------­ GuineaIvory Coast ------______70.2 cepted. His small discretionary fund of Cyprus ------­ 20.9 26.0 e25,000 for self-help projects which was re­ Greece ------­ 3,685.8 Kenya _ _: ______. __ 36.4 cently abolished, should be restored. In­ India ------­ 5, 941. 5 Liberia ______.______:._ __ _ 237.0 creased flexib111ty based on the sound Re­ 1,550.3 Iran ------Libya ------217.3 publican principle of decentralization (but Iraq ------~-~-~------102.6 Malagasy Republic ______7.9 with full accounting) will allow the Ambas­ l, 133. 1 Israel ------­ Malawi ------­ 8.7 sador to adapt the U.S. program to the Jordan ------­ 512.3 15.8 peculiarities of each different situation. 93.0 Mali ------Lebanon ------­ Mauritania ------2.8 Nepal ------86.1 529.4 2 2,944.9 Morocco ------~--­ The testimony of N. R. Danielian, Presi­ Pakistan ------Niger ------­ 8.8 dent of the International Economic Policy Saudi Arabia ------­ 136.9 163.7 Syrian Arab Republic ------84.0 Nigeria ------­ Association before the Senate Foreign Rela­ Rwanda ------1. 7 tions Committee on June 12, 1967 reports, Turkey ------3,752.4 25.0 United Arab Republic (Egypt) __ _ 1,100.3 Senegal ------"An examination of net non-military assist­ Sierra Leone------27.2 ance and the U.S. trade balance with selected Yemen ------39.1 Somali Republic ______Central Treaty Organization ___ _ 47.6 countries, which have received between 50 52.4 Republic of South Africa _____ .:, __ 167.4 and 60 percent of total U.S. aid for the Near East and south Asia regionaL 1, 119. 5 Southern Rhodesia ______7.1 years 1958-1965, shows clearly that total net 91. 5 Tota.I 22,754.4 Sudan ------­ U.S. economic assistance exceeded our trade Tanzania ------~~------­ 44.0 surpluses with these selected countries by 9.9 Togo ------­ an a.mount fluctuating between $1.3 and $1.7 LATIN AMERICA Tunisia ------470.3 billion a year." See Appendix B for the Argentina ------712.9 Uganda ------17.3 I.E.P.A. figures on the trade imbalance. Indi­ Bolivia ------­ 435.9 UpperZambia Volta------______;.. ______5.5 cations that "tying" often actually amounts Brazil ------2,871.5 30.2 to substitution for normal purchases is also British Guiana ------­ 17.1 East Africa regional ------­ 11.2 demonstrated by the fact that our trade im­ British Honduras ------3.8 Regional, USAID/Afrlca ------­ 1.0 balance ln 1958 with these 25 countries was Chile ------1,130.3 Africa regional ------.,.- 54.1 $1.8 billion and in 1965, when assistance Colombia ------734.7 was substantially "tied," it was $1.6 billion, Costa Rica ------­ 136.3 1,864.6 67.6 Total ------or nearly the same. OUba ------August 14, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 22559 APPENDIX A-Continued APPENDIX A-Continued APPENDIX A-Continued Total United States foreign assistance, by Total United States foreign assistance, by Total United States foreign assistance, by country July 1, 1946 through June 30, country July 1, 1946 through June 30, country July 1, 1946 through June 30, 1965-Continued 1965-Continued 1965-Continued [Figures in millions of dollars] [Figures in milllons of dollars] [Figures in millions of dollars] EUROPE EUROPE-Continued Canada. ------40.0 20.4 Australia ------­ 142.6 Albania ------­ Italy ------6,089.4 1,257.1 2,617.7 New Zealand ------­ 21. 5 Austria ------Netherlands ------Trust Territory of Pacific Islands_ 107.4 Belgium-Luxembourg ------­ 2,107.3 Norway ------1,283.4 Nonregional t"tal ------5,779.0 Czechoslovakia ------193.0 Poland ------573.6 933.7 531.1 Denmark ------Portugal ------Total ·------6,090.5 0.8 Spa.in ------­ 1,908. 7 East Germany ------125.2 146.7 Sweden ------Finland ------­ United Kingdom ------9,269.8 Total assistance to all coun- France ------9,465.1 186.4 tries ------117,019.1 Germany (Federal Republic) ____ _ 5,149.0 U.S.S.R. ------Yugoslavia ------­ 2, 761. 4 (Source: Data obtained from the official Berlin ------­ 131. 9 Europe regional ------2,796.5 Government Reports by Senat9r Dirksen who Hungary ------­ 31. 5 inserted these statistics into the CONGRES­ Iceland ------­ 76.4 Total ------47,852.0 SIONAL RECORD, vol. 112, pt. 12, pp. 16471- Ireland ------195.9 16505.

APPENDIX B U.S. NONMILITARY FOREIGN ASSISTANCE (NET) AND TRADE BALANCES BY COUNTRIES, 1958-65 [In millions of dollars)

1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 Net U.S. Net U.S. Net U.S. Net U.S. Net U.S. Net U.S. Net U.S. Net U.S. economic trade economic trade economic trade economic trade economic trade economic trade economic trade economic trade Countries aid 1 balance 2 aid 1 balance 2 aid 1 balance 2 aid 1 balance 2 aid 1 balance 2 aid 1 balance 2 aid · balance 2 aid 1 balance 2

Afghanistan ____ 19 -4 19 -10 13 -10 30 6 13 -8 32 -3 37 6 34 2 Bolivia ______22 17 22 14 13 14 23 16 29 20 44 18 33 17 30 7 Brazil______145 -33 35 -216 42 -147 270 -68 157 -117 128 -186 212 -148 149 -183 Cambodia _____ 37 -2 21 -7 25 24 9 20 5 20 2 7 -1 2 Ceylon ______20 -5 19 -12 8 ----::25 9 -17 8 -19 4 -21 4 -27 4 -----::23 Chile ______47 -7 33 -76 10 121 43 87 -24 109 -32 96 -38 104 24 Colombia ______92 -147 32 -134 -7 ----::54 54 -31 43 -50 69 -9 38 -35 34 -80 Ecuador ______3 -9 2 -12 7 -11 11 -4 11 -26 14 -11 17 -4 17 -28 India ______243 63 320 129 523 412 370 230 528 411 736 509 864 651 849 580 Indonesia _____ 24 -112 17 -123 45 -132 54 -29 88 -15 77 -7 32 -102 -4 -123 Jordan ______57 10 60 16 62 17 61 24 53 20 54 37 45 20 37 19 Korea ______311 213 232 131 261 148 228 155 233 204 231 211 157 169 165 149 Laos ______30 2 35 3 33 1 51 2 30 4 31 6 39 7 58 8 Liberia ______8 14 9 59 8 -4 19 17 35 20 11 4 12 -13 25 -11 Malaysia ______(') -85 (3) -150 1 -138 2 -126 12 -155 6 -150 2 -82 4 -123 Morocco ______26 33 45 29 61 29 97 55 48 42 53 49 38 31 51 49 Nepal______6 (') 3 (6) 8 (6) 10 (6) 9 (6) 14 (6) 17 (6) 16 1 Pakistan ______145 Bl 142 65 229 131 218 158 322 243 378 341 377 336 348 291 Philippines ____ 42 18 24 -36 24 -10 11 17 24 -59 8 -34 49 -27 45 -34 Poland ______99 75 66 43 127 111 57 34 60 48 46 66 52 84 -6 -31 Thailand. _____ 30 -4 48 -28 42 11 29 25 31 32 29 57 18 58 25 67 Tunisia ______26 4 30 7 55 21 77 38 53 44 38 25 45 31 54 39 Turkey ______122 72 111 44 101 66 153 69 202 106 173 154 126 96 132 81 Vietnam ______204 57 168 46 186 48 144 62 148 101 189 114 221 131 300 187 Yemen ______(6) 5 (6) 5 (6) 6 (6) 6 (6) 8 (6) 6 (6) 5 (6) TotaL __ 1, 758 251 1,498 -218 1,882 478 2, 129 685 2,250 827 2, 512 1, 140 2, 544 l, 160 2,478 868

1 Disbursements less repayments. Sources: International Monetary Fund~ Direction of Trade, Annual 1958-62, pp. 128-130; March 2 Exports and imports, f.o.b.; includes U.S. exports financed by military grants and credits. 1965, pp. 63-64; Annual 1961-65, p. 28::i; National Advisory Council, Semiannual Report to the •Less than $500,000. President and CongresshJanuary-June 1964, pp. 75-77; U.S. Department of Commerce, Foreign ' Not available. · Grants and Credits (Was ington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1964 and 1965). a Not statistically significant

REPUBLICAN COORDINATING COMMITTEE Hugh Scott, Vice Chairman, National Re­ Nelson A. Rockefeller, Governor of the Presiding Officer: Ray C. Bliss, Chairman, publican Senatorial Comm. State of New York, Albany, New York. Republican National Committee. HOUSE LEADERSHIP Raymond P. Shafer, Governor of the Com­ FORMER PRESIDENT monwealth of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Gerald R. Ford, Minority Leader. Pennsylvania. Les~ie C. Arends, Minority Whip. Dwight D. Eisenhower, 300 Carlisle Street, John H. Chafee, Governor of the State of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Melvin R. Laird, Chairman, Republican Conference. Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island. FORMER PRESIDENTIAL NOMINEES John J. Rhodes, Chairman, Republican Nils A. Boe, Governor of the State of South Barry Goldwater, Post Office Box 1601, Policy Committee. Dakota, Pierre, South Dakota. Scottsdale, Arizona (1964). H. Allen Smith, Ranking Member of Rules Daniel J. Evans, Governor of the State of Richard M. Nixon; Nixon, Mudge, Rose, Committee. Washington, Olympia, Washington. · Guthrie & Alexander, 20 Broad Street, New Bob Wilson, Chairman, National Repub­ REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE York, New York (1960). lican qongressional Comm. Ray C. Bliss, Chairman, Republican Na­ Thomas E. Dewey, 40 Wall Street, New Charles E. Goodell, Chairman, Planning tional Committee, 1625 Eye Street, ·North­ York, New York (1944 and 1948). and Research Committee. west, Washington, D.C. Alf M. Landon, National Bank of Topeka Building, 1001 Fillmore Street, Topeka, Kan­ Richard H. Poff, Secretary. Republican Mrs. C. Wayland Brooks, Assistant Chrmn., sas (1936). Conference. Republican National Committee, 1625 Eye Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C. SENATE LEADERSHIP William c. Cramer, Vice Chairman, Repub­ lican Conference. Mrs. Collis P. Moore, Vice Chairman, Re­ Everett M. Dirksen, Minority Leader. REPRESENTATIVES OF THE REPUBLICAN publican National Committee, Box 225, Thomas H. Kuchel, Minority Whip. Moro, Oregon. Bourke B. Hickenlooper, Chairman, Repub- GOVERNORS ASSOCIATION lican Policy Committee. · John A. Love, Governor o! the State of Donald R. Ross, Vice Chairman, Republican Margaret Chase Sinith, Chairman, Repub­ Colorado, Denver, Colorado. National Committee, 1406 Kiewit Plaza, Far­ lican Conference. John A. Volpe, Governor of the Common­ nam at S6th, Omaha, Nebraska. George Murphy, Chairman, National Be· wealth o! Massachusetts, Boston, Massachu­ Mrs. J. Willard Marriott, Vice Ohrmn., Re­ publican Senatorial Comm.. setts. publican National Committee, 4500 Garfield Milton R. Young, Secretary, Republica.n George W. Romney, Governor of the State Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C. Conference. of Michigan, Lansing, Michigan. J. Drake Edens, Jr., Vice Chairman, Repub- 22560 CONGRESSIONAL ~RE(:ORD - ~ENA TE· August_ 14, 1967 lican National Committee, Post Office Box INDIVIDUAL VIEWS OJ' MR. COOPER which the Agency for International Develop­ 9380, Columbia, South Carolina. I am filing my individual views on S. 1872, ment stated· it believes would require assist­ PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLICAN STATE the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 as ance. LEGISLATORS ASSOCIATION amended, as I did not support in the com­ My amendment would meet an objective F. F. (Monte) Montgomery, Speaker of the mittee and do not now support certain deci­ of the Congress to limit a.id to those coun­ House of Representatives, State of Oregon, sions made by the committee. In this state­ tries which will need assistance, and which Salem, Oregon. ment I shall emphasize only two subjects meet the criteria of self-help established in that I believe deserve the most careful con­ the Foreign Assistance Act. At the same STAFF COORDINATOR· sideration of the Senate. time it would give to the President the dis­ ·Robert L. L. McCormick. Changes and emergencies are constantly cretion which he needs if the foreign as­ sistance program ls to be effective in the MEMBERS OF THE REPUBLICAN COORDINATING occurring which affect our relationships with other countries and our national security. If conduct of foreign policy. COMMITTEE'S TASK FORCE ON THE CONDUCT OF I point out that my amendment would not FOREIGN RELATIONS the Congress considers foreign assistance a worthwhile instrument of our foreign policy, increase the funds which may be authorized Robert C. Hill, Chairman, United States then it ought to provide the President some and appropriated by the Congress. Ambassador to Mexico, 1957-1961. flexibility for its effective conduct. I disagree with the committee's reductions David N. Rowe, Vice Chairman, Professor I disagree, therefore, with the decision of in the authorization of funds for the Alli­ of Political Science, Yale University. the committee to fix an exact limit upon th,e ance for Progress and for the program of Gordon Allott, United States Senator from number of countries to which economic as­ technical asstatance. Colorado. sistance can be extended under the develop­ The authorization requested for the Alli­ - Robert Amory, Jr., Deputy Director, Cen­ ment loan, technical assistance, and support­ ance for Progress is $750 million for fiscal tral Intelligence Agency, 1952-1962. ing assistance programs. year 1968. The committee reduced the au­ John B. Anderson, Member of Congress The amendment adopted by the cominittee thorization to $578 million. from Illinois. would liinit assistance for development loans Tim M. Babcock, Governor of the State of The Alliance for Progress has been sup­ to 15 countries, for technical assistance to 10 ported by three adininistrations and by the Montana. countries, and for supporting assistance to Frances P. Bolton, Member of Congress Congress. It has been expected that through 10 countries. The amendment provides that the joint efforts of the countries of Latin from Ohio. if the President deterinines that assistance America and the United States, with the Arleigh A. Burke, Chief of United States should be extended to additional countries in Latin American States employing maximum Naval Operations, 1955-1961. the national interest, he could not do so until efforts of self-help and proceeding gradually Lucius D. Clay, General of the United his request is approved by a concurrent reso­ toward economic integration, that their coun­ States Army, Retired. lution of the Congress. The language is as tries would be able to institute reforms and Ph!Up K. Crowe, United States Ambassador follows: advance the living standards of their people. to Union of South Africa, 1959-1961. "Such loans (assistance) may be made in The statement of Secretary of State Rusk Joseph S. Farland, United States Ambas­ any additional country if, following subinis­ before the committee regarding the progress sador to the Republic of Panama., 1960-1963. sion of a report by the President to the Com­ Paul Findley, Member of Congress from of the Alliance ls a modest statement: Inittee on Foreign Relations of the Senate "The Alliance is taking hold. Most Latin Illinois. and the Speaker of the House of Representa­ Peter H. B. Frelinghuysen, Member of Con­ American nations are making healthy strides tives detailing the justification for the mak­ toward stability and future self-sufficiency. gress from New Jersey. ing of loans (assistance) in such additional Ernest S. Griffith, Dean, School of Inter­ In all but P, few, governments are now work­ country during such fiscal year, the Congress ing to meet the needs of all the people. Much national Service, American University, 1958- agrees to a concurrent resolution stating in 1965. has been done to improve tax structures and effect its approval of the making of such tax administration, to fight inflation, and to Mrs. Cecil M. Harden, Republican National loans (assistance) in such country." strengthen institutions required for more Committeewoman for Indiana.. · The Foreign Assistance Act of 1966 also Joe Holt, Member of Congress from Cali­ productive private enterprise. A start has fixed limits on the number of countries in been made to expand educational and health fornia., 1953-1959. the three above categories of economic assist­ facilities, and a number of countries have Walter A. Judd, Member of Congress from ance of 10, 40, and 10, respectively. instituted far-ranging agricultural and land Minnesota., 1943-1963. But it did provide the President could ex­ reforms. Of course, much remains to be John D. Lodge, United States Ambassador tend assistance to an additional number of d:>ne." · to Spain, 1955-1961. countries by a procedure of reporting to the The econoinic and social progress of the Gerhart Niemeyer, Professor of Political Congress, if "at least thirty days shall have Latin American States ls important to them, Science, University of Notre Dame. elapsed following the submission by the Pres­ and it is also important to the interests of Nicholas Nyaradi, Director of School of In­ ident to the Committee on Foreign Rela­ the United States .... nd the security of the ternational Studies, Bradley University. tions of the Senate and the Speaker of the Western Hemisphere. The United States Roderic L. O'Connor, Administrator, Bu­ House of Representatives of a report stating should continue to give its full cooperation, reau of Security and Consular Affairs, De­ that the making of loans in such additional assistance and leadership to the Alliance for partment of State, 1957-1958. country during such fiscal year ls in the na­ Progress. G. L. Ohrstrom, Jr., Investment Banker. tional interest and giving his reasons Finally, I disagree with the committee's William W. Scranton, Governor of the therefor." recommendation that there be cuts in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1963-1967. Acting under this authority the President technical assistance program. The technical Richard B. Sellars, Republican National extended assistance in fiscal year 1967 to ad­ assistance program is the foundation of our Committeeman for New Jersey. ditional countries--19 for development loans, efforts to help other nations build sound - Robert Strausz-Hupe, Director, Foreign eight for technical assistance, and seven for economies, constructive social structures, a_nd Policy Research Institute, University of supporting assistance. The committee con­ political systems with democratic values. The Pennsylvania. sidered that these increases were not justi­ technical assistance program is the present­ Kent B. Crane, Secretary to the Task Force. fied, repeaied the above authority, and sub­ day descendant of the old point 4 program stituted for it the language I have quoted begun under President Truman. In the years Mr. DffiKSEN. Mr. President, I sug­ earlier requiring a concurrent resolution of since point 4 began, it has been the program gest the absence of a quorum. the Congress before assistance to additional of widest acceptance, and its worth has been The PRESIDING OFFICER The clerk countries could be approved by the President. proven again and again. It aftns to strengthen I believe the amendment adopted by the the essentials necessary for development. It will call the roll. committee is too rigid. I offered in the com­ ailns to improve agriculture, for it is essential The assistant legislative clerk pro­ mittee an amendment which provided for that a country must be able to feed its peo­ ceeded to call the roll. the same primary limits of countries to be ple. It aims to better the health of their Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I ask aided as the cominittee amendment--15, 40, people, for a diseased, sickly and weak people unanimous consent that the order for a.nd 10, respectively, in the categories of de­ cannot work to improve their nation. Tech­ the quorum call be rescinded. velopment loans, technical assistance, and nical assistance programs have eradicated supporting assistance. My amendment would malaria throughout the world. It has done The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. maintain the present authority of the Presi­ much to reduce the ravages of many of the "HOLLINGS in the chair). Without objec­ dent. If the President determined it neces­ endemic diseases so prevalent in the less for­ tion, it is so ordered. sary in the national interest to extend aid to tunate countries of the world. Technical as­ Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, as I did an additional country-not exceeding two in sistance is crucial to the successful carrying not agree with all the decisions of the number for development loans, and nine (in­ out of populaition programs which are such a committee, I ask unanimous consent that cluding seven self-help amounts to Africa) vital factor in national development. Tech­ Jn number for technical aid-he could do so nical assistance aims at improving edUcatlon, my individual views be printed in the 30 days after submitting a report to the for without education an enlightened govern­ RECORD. Committee on Foreign Relations and the ment is not ~ble. Technical assistance There being no objection, the individ­ Speaker of the House-under the authority aims at improving the administration of gov­ ual views were ordered to be prirlted in now available under existing law. The addi­ ernment and their :fiscal -policies, for without the RECORD, as follows: · · tional number of countries represents those sound government administration dedicated. August 14, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 2256l to the principle of improving the lot of its The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Ser­ services procured in the United States by people, development is not possible. This geant at Arms will execute the order of any friendly country or international orga­ valuable and basic work must continue. the Senate. nization. I urge that the. technical assistance appro­ " '(b) In issuing guaranties, insurance, co­ priation requested by the ad.ministration be After a little delay, the following insurance, and reinsurance, the President fully restored. because it is the bedrock of our Senators entered the Chamber and may enter into contracts with exporters, in­ aid efforts. answered to their names: surance companies, financial institutions, or The war in Vietnam, its cost, and difilcult Allott Hruska Pearson others, or groups thereof, and where appro­ domestic and fiscal problems at home claim Bennett Jordan, N.C. Pell priate may employ any of the same to act as our attention and first interest. But it is of Brooke Jordan,Idaho Percy agent in the issuance and servicing of such great importance that the United States con­ Byrd, W. Va. Kennedy, Mass. Prouty guaranties, insurance, coinsurance, and rein­ tinue to emphasize this peaceful and con­ Case Kuchel "Proxmire surance, and the adjustment of claims aris­ structive effort for an orderly ,..,orld and for Cotton Long, La. Randolph ing thereunder. Fees and premiums shall be Dirksen McClellan Russell its national interest and security-its foreign Dominick Miller Smith charged in connection with contracts of assistance program. Ervin Mondale Sparkman guaranty, insurance, coinsurance, and rein­ JOHN SHERMAN COOPER. Fong Monroney Spong surance (excluding contracts with any Harris Morton Symington agency of the United States Government). Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I Hart Moss Williams, N.J. Obligations shall be recorded against the suggest the absence of a quorum. Hayden Mundt Young, Ohio funds available for credit sales under this The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk Hickenlooper Muskie part in an amount not less than 25 per will call the roll. The PRESIDING OFFICER. A quorum centum of the contractual liability related The legislative clerk called the roll, is pr~sent. to any guaranty, insurance, coinsurance, and and the following Senators answered to AMENDMENT NO. 260 reinsurance issued pursuant to this part and the funds so obligated together with fees and their names: Mr. DIBKSEN. Mr. President, in a mo­ (No. 217Leg.) premiums shall constitute a single reserve ment or two, an amendment will be for the payment of claims under such con­ Anderson Gore Mansfield offered by the distinguished Senator from tracts. Any guaranties, i:qsurance, coinsur­ Baker Grtmn Metcalf Bartlett Gruening Montoya Washington [Mr. JACKSON], which is co­ ance, and reinsurance issued pursuant to Bayh .Hansen Morse sponsored by the distinguished Senator this pa.rt shall be considered contingent obli­ Boggs Hill Scott from Texas [Mr. TOWER]. I believe there gations backed by the full faith and credit Burdick Holland Stennis will be other cosponsors as well. of the United States of America.' Byrd, Va. Hollings Talmadge "(i) Section 508, which relates to reim­ Church Inouye Williams, Del. The amendment is here. It is cospon­ bursements, is amended as follows: Cooper Jackson Yarborough sored by Mr. TOWER, Mr. HICKENLOOPER, Ellender Lausche " ( 1) Section 503 is redesignated as section Fulbright Magnuson Mr. JAVITS, Mr. SPARKMAN, and Mr. STEN­ 526. NIS. I think the amendment is in form. "(2) In such new section 526, strike out Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. I an­ I believe, for the information of the Sen­ 'furnish military assistance on cash or nounce that the Senator from Nevada ate, I might just as well send it to the credit terms' and substitute •finance sales'.'' [Mr. BIBLE], the Senator from Pennsyl­ desk and have it read. Renumber the following subsections of vania [Mr. CLARK], the Senator from The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk section 201 of the bill, accordingly. . Missouri [Mr. LONG], the Senator from On page 54, line 14, strike out the word will state the amendment. "subsection" and insert in lieu thereof "sub­ New Hampshire [Mr. MCINTYRE], and The legislative clerk read the amend­ sections". the Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. ment, as follows: On page 55, line 4, strike out the quotation PASTORE], are absent on official business. On page 50, strike out lines 15, 16, and 17, marks. I also announce that the Senator from and insert in lieu thereof "strike out 'section On page 55, between lines 4 and 5, insert Nevada [Mr. CANNON], the Senator from 508' and substitute 'section 526'.". the following: . Connecticut [Mr. Donn], ·the Senator On page 50, beginning with line 20, strike " ( c) In order to assure that the programs from Mississipppi [Mr. EASTLAND]. the out all through line 5 on page 52, and insert authorized by this chapter do not encourage Senator from Indiana [Mr. HARTKE], the _in lieu thereof the following: military expenditures by less developed friendly countries which impair their eco­ Senator from Minnesota [Mr. Mc­ "(h) Add the following new sections after the new section 523: nomic development or which increase arms CARTHY], the Senator from Wyoming "'SEC. 524. GENERAL AUTHORITY FOR CREDIT races among such countries, no credit sale [Mr. McGEE], the Senator from South SALES.-(a) The President may use funds to a less developed friendly country shall be Dakota [Mr. McGOVERN], the Senator available under this part to finance sales of made under the provisions of section 524 and from Wisconsin [Mr. NELSON], the Sena­ defense articles and defense services to any no guarantee of a credit sale to a less devel­ tor from Connecticut [Mr. RIBICOFF], friendly foreign country or international or­ oped friendly country shall be issued under the Senator from Florida [Mr. SMATH­ ganization on such terms and conditions as the provisions of section 525 unless such credit sale or guarantee has been approved ERS], the Senator from Maryland [Mr. he may determine. "'(b) In carrying out this section, the in advance by the Secretary of State and the TYDINGS], the Senator from Maryland President may- Secretary of Defense. In no event shall the [Mr. BREWSTER], and the Senator from " • ( 1) acquire defense articles and defense aggregate net amount outstanding at any New York [Mr. KENNEDY], are necessar­ services from any source for sale by the time of liabilities and obligations of the ily absent. United States Government to purchasing United States arising out of any such credit Mr. KUCHEL. I announce that the countries or international organizations; sales and guaranties of credit sales to less Senator from Vermont [Mr. AIKEN], the "'(2) make disbursements on behalf of developed friendly countries be more than purchasing countries or international orga­ $300,000,000 in excess of the aggregate net Senator from Kansas [Mr. CARLSON], the amount outstanding on July 1, 1967. For the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. CURTIS], the nizations for defense articles and defense services procured directly from suppliers by purposes of this subsection, the term 'less Senator from New York [Mr. JAVITS], the purchasing countries or international orga­ developed' countries shall mean those coun­ Senator from California [Mr. MURPHY], nizations upon agreement of the purchasing tries designated by the President as eco­ and the Senator from Texas [Mr. Tow­ countries or international organizations to nomically less developed for the purposes of ER] are necessarily absent. reimburse the United States Government; or the Interest Equalization Tax. The Secretary The Senator from Arizona [Mr. FAN­ "'(S) purchase from suppliers any instru­ of State shall submit quarterly reports to NIN], the Senator from Oregon [Mr. HAT­ ments evidencing indebtedness issued by the Speaker of the House of Representatives purchasing countries or international orga­ and to the Committee on Foreign Relations FIELD], the Senator from South Carolina of the Senate on the implementation of this [Mr. THURMOND], and the Senator from nizations as security for payments due for defense articles and defense services pro­ subsection." North Dakota [Mr. YOUNG] are absent cured directly from suppliers by purchasing On page 62, line 6, immediately after "635" on official business. countries or international organizations, and insert " ( e) ". The PRESIDING OFFICER. A quorum dispose of any such instruments in accord­ On page 62, strike out line 7. is not present. ance with section 635 (g). On page 62, line 8, strike out "(1) Sub­ Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I .. 'SEC. 525. GUARANTIES.-The President section ( e) is". move that the Sergeant at Arms be di­ may guarantee, insure, coinsure, and rein­ On page 62, strike out lines 17 and 18. rected to request the attendance of ab­ sure any individual, corporation, partner­ On page 63, lines 14 and 15, strike out ". sent Senators. ship, or other association doing business in or the guaranty of a sale,". · the United. States against political and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ques­ credit risks of nonpayment a.rising in con­ Mr. JACKSON. Mr. President, it is tion is on agreeing to the motion of the nection with credit sales financed by such sound sense, in the matter of military Senator from Montana. individual, corporation, partnership or other sales and grant aid, not to unduly tie The motion was agreed to. association for defense articles and defense the hands of the President. I believe that 22562 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 14, 1967 the pending bill, proposed by the Foreign make credit sales from new production Congressional policy, deny h1m the means Relations Committee, is too restrictive which constitutes 90 percent or more of for executing it. · and that it would dangerously impede the program. It may be that the committee has rea~ the President in the conduct of our for­ . Second, it repeals the authority to son to question whether in some cases eign and defense policy. guarantee credit by private banks or the credit sales were made to less developed In particular, this bill, in its present Export-Import Bank. · countries without undue burden to their form, would gravely imperil our chances Third, it transfers all assets of the act economies, as required by section 506 (c) . of conducting a wise policy in two criti­ to the Treasury after December 31, 1967. If so, the remedy is surely not to end all cal areas, the battleground of Southeast Fourth, it repeals authority after that credit sales to all countries but more Asia and the still dangerous Middle East. date for the executive branch to receive effective legislative oversight of these In the Middle East, for example, the disbursements which come due under transactions and a new statutory limita­ Soviet Union is deliberately using mili­ past sales, and tion on the amount of such sales and on tary assistance and sales to destabilize Finally, it even repeals authority for the administrative level at which deci­ the already delicate political-military the DOD to transfer collections from sions to make sales are made. balance and so again put Israel in mortal past sales to the Export-Import Bank or The pending amendment under the peril. Why should we tie Uncle Sam's other banks in repayment of disburse­ cosponsorship of myself, and Senators hands behind his back so that he cannot ments made by those banks. TOWER, HICKENLOOPER, JAVITS, SPARKMAN, help Israel as needed or other less devel­ The facts of the matter are that the and STENNIS, would accomplish the fol­ oped nations in that area which it may remaining provisions allow us essentially lowing: prove in our national interest, and the. only to give the material away under First, it would reinstate in the bill the interest of Israel, to assist? grant programs or sell it on a straight following authorities relating to sales Mr. President, this pending bill can­ cash basis and on top of that the grant which were deleted by the committee: not be taken lightly by anyone interested aid amount would be slashed to the ex­ (a) the authority to make credit sales 1n our own national security. tent that the lack of funds and provisions of new production items; (b) the au­ The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of for credit availability would in the opin­ thority to guarantee credit sales financed Staff advised the chairman of the Armed ion of the JCS only contribute to raising by private banks and the Export-Import Services Committee by letter on Friday world tensions rather than reducing Bank; (c) the authority to continue that the Joint Chiefs view with grave them. using the credit sales revolving fund; concern the reduction of the military as­ According to the report filed by the and (d) the authority to sell to private sistance portion of the Foreign Assist­ Foreign Relations Committee, the credit banks and the Export-Import Bank ance Act by $205 million, and termina­ sales and guaranty authority is not promissory notes issued by foreign coun­ tion of the provisions for credit sales, needed for the less developed countries tries as security for defense articles and which would, in their judgment, raise because there is still the legal authority defense services purchased from the DOD world tensions rather than reduce them. to provide them the arms they need for on credit terms. The Joint Chiefs noted that the cut internal security and self defense by do­ Second, it woulP, place a limitation on approved by the Foreign Relations Com­ ing so on a grant basis. It is evident that credit sales to less developed countries, mittee represented almost 30 percent of the committee did not vote an outright comparable to the limitation approved the proposed program and would have repeal of the authority to make such by the Senate last week with respect to the extremely undesirable effect of ne­ grants-but they did eifectively emas­ the activities of the Export-Import gating to a large degree the progress culate that authority by denying the Bank. This limitation has four features: which has been made in "the past years funds needed to meet legitimate require­ First, no credit sale or guarantee of a in helping to build up free world military ments of .these countries. credit sale to a less-developed country forces. · The committee report also contends could be made unless it has been ap­ In particular, the Joint Chiefs pointed that underdeveloped nations could uti­ proved in advance by the Secretaries of out: lize the credit facilities of the Export­ State and Defense; second, in no event Since a great majority, approximately 75%, Import Bank, "if" they can meet the may the aggregate net amount outstand­ of the funds requested are for the 6 coun­ Bank's requirements, and that private ing at any time of liabilities and obliga­ tries on the periphery of the Sino-Soviet bank credit "may" be available to some tions arising out of credit sales and guar­ Bloc . • . the program for these countries of these countries, such as Israel. The antees of credit sales to less-developed would naturally be most seriously affected. need to use the words "if" and ''may" If we a.re to maintain the integrity of the countries be more than $300 million in Korean Armed Forces whose 45,600 troops demonstrates the very shaky foundation excess of the aggregate net amount out­ are making a sizeable contribution in South of this contention. We already know from standing at the beginning of this fiscal Vietnam, the other 4 front-line countries last week's debates 1n Congress on the year; third, the term "less developed" must absorb cuts of up to one-third of the Export-Import Bank bill that such credit countries is defined to mean those coun­ proposed programs, and modernization of is not, in fact, available w:ithout a guar­ tries designated by the President as less any equipment would be virtually halted. anty of repayment by the Department of developed for the purposes of the interest The Joint Chiefs also observed in that Defense. equalization tax; and fourth, quarterly letter: The committee report also argues that reports are required to be submitted to Our military capability is · not llmltless there is still authority under the com­ the Congress by the Secretary of State and the equlvalent dollar applied for U.S. mittee's bill to sell from DOD stocks on on the implementation of this limitation. Porces does not provide the same return for up to 3-year credit. This argument ig­ Mr. President, I believe this amend­ U.S. securtty as does the same amount ap­ nores the fact that the time has long ment is indeed in the national interest. plied to maintain the present collective free since passed when the military depart­ Certainly, all Senators favor arms con­ world defense position. Further, a weaken­ ments had excess quantities of stocks trol ·and arms limitation and would pre­ ing of that position might be misunder­ which could be furnished to foreign stood by the leaders of the Soviet Union and fer a world in which arms assistance and the Peoples Republic of China as an un­ countries and that 90 percent of the items sales were unnecessary. But, Mr. Presi­ willingness by the U.S. to stand firm. Th.ls sold today to foreign countries come from dent, we live in a dangerous world, where could invite new probes, increased support new production. other powers, in pursuit of their inter­ of subversion and possibly even open ag­ In 1963, the Congress added a new sub­ ests, are engaged in serious mischief. gression. section (c) to section 506 of the Foreign The statesmen of the free world must Not only does the pending Foreign Re­ Assistance Act of 1961, which calls upon never ease up on their search for sound lations Committee bill reduce the total the President to regularly reduce and and safe arrangements mutually to de­ terminate all further grants of military grant authority for military assistance equipment and supplies to any country escalate arms assistance and sales-ar­ by $205 million, but the action taken by having sufficient wealth to enable it to rangements with which we and our the committee on credit sales makes maintain and equip its own military friends and allies can safely U~e. But substitution of that means impossible. forces without undue .burden to its econ­ these arrangements have. to be negoti­ It has been alluded that there are omy. The President has been fully com­ ated and worked out with the Soviet many ways remaining for credit sales, plying with this mandate, but the bill Union and with other Communist states. but this is not true. reported out by the Foreign Relations Does it make sense to make drastic uni­ First, the act repeals all authority to Committee would, without repealing this lateral cutbacks in our bargaining power August 14, ·1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 22563 befoi;e the hard bargaining for mutually serious reduction of military aid caused by to less developed countries. No such trans­ acceptable arrangements has even the lack of fun.ds and provision for credit actions may be consummated unless they availability for allled and friendly countries have been approved in advance by the Sec­ begun? would thus raise world tensions rather than retaries of State and Defense. Second, a dol­ I do not see, Mr. President, how the reduce them. To further reduce our already lar ceiling is imposed on the total net amount United States can improve its basic bar­ austere assistance program will weaken our of such transactions which may be outstand­ gaining position vis-a-vis the Soviet collective defense and be an invitation to any ing at any time. Third, the term "less de­ Union and other Communist powers by adversary to occupy the power vaccum which veloped" countries is defined as meaning weakening it--unilaterally. would result. those countries designated by the President Mr. President, in connection with these Sincerely, as economically less developed for the pur­ remarks I ask unanimous consent to have EARLE G. WHEELER, poses of the interest equalization tax. A list Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff. of the developed countries for purposes of printed in the RECORD the text of the let­ that tax was printed in the Congressional ter from the Chairman of the Joint SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS OF JACKSON­ Record of August 9, 1967 during the debates Chiefs of Staff to the chairman of the TOWER AMENDMENT TO S. 1872 on the Export-Import Bank Blll (page Armed Services Committee dated August The amendment to page 50, lines 15-17, is 22097). Fourth, quar.terly repor.ts are re­ 11, 1967, from which I have quoted, to­ a technical change which restores tlie exist­ quired to be submitted by the Secretary of gether with a section-by-section analysis ing reference in redesignated section 523 to State to the Congress on implementation of of my amendment. the Military Credit Sales Revolving Fund. this limitation. There being no objection, the items re­ The amendment to page 50, beginning with The amendments to page 62, lines 6-8, are line 20, through line 5 on page 52, reinstates technical drafting amendments to conform quested were ordered to be printed in the the general authority to make credit sales the Bill to the amendment made to page 62, RECORD as follows: and to guarantee credit sales and strikes out lines 17 and 18. The amendment to page 62, THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF, the Committee's language repealing the lines 17 and 18, reinstates the existing au­ Washington, D.C. Military Credit Sales Revolving Fund. thority of the Department of Defense under Hon. RICHARD B. RUSSELL, The general authority to make credit sales section 635(g) of the Foreign Assistance Act Chairman, Senate Armed Services Committee, would become Section 524 of the Foreign As­ to sell promissory notes received by DOD U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. sistance Act of 1961, as amended. The lan­ under credit sales agreements to priv~te DEAR MR. CHAmMAN: The Joint Chiefs of guage of Subsections (a) and (b) ( 1) of Sec­ banks and to the Export-Import Bank. Staff view with grave concern. the recent ac­ tion 524 is taken from Section 503 (a) of the The amendment to page 63, lines 14 and tion of the Senate Foreign Relations Com­ Foreign Assistance Act. Subsection (b) (2) 15, is a technical conforming amendment, mi•tee reducing the military assistance por­ is also existing authority, and is taken from reinstating in section 640 of the Foreign tion of the Foreign Assistance Act by $205 Section 632 ( e) of the Foreign Assistance Act. Assistance Act the reference to guarantees million and are hopeful that most of this Subsection (b) (3) is new language requested which had been stricken out by the Foreign amount can be restored on the floor prior by the Executive Branch and not now in the Relations Committee to conform with its to final action by the Senate. This reduction Foreign Assistance Act. It authorizes the deletion of the authority to make guaran­ represents almost 30 percent of the proposed purchase of promissory notes issued by a for­ tees. program and will have the extremely unde­ eign country to a commercial supplier which Mr. JACKSON. Mr_ President, I yield sirable effect of negating, to a large degree, has sold defense articles and services directly the progress which has been made in the past to the country. In some cases, friendly for­ the :floor. years in building up free world military eign governments may, for political or eco­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the forces. Since a great majority, approximately nomic reasons, desire to deal directly with the Senator call up his amendment at this 75 percent, of the funds requested are for U.S. private supplier or lending institution time? the five countries on the periphery of the rather than with U.S. Government agencies. Mr. JACKSON. Yes. Mr. President, I Sino-Soviet Bloc-Greece, Turkey, Iran, This new authority-like the existing sales call up my amendment No. 260, and also c:qina, and Korea-the program for these authority-would be used only when it ls in ask uninamous consent that the addi­ countries would natuarlly be most seriously the U.S. national interest that such sales be tional cosponsors previously named be affected. If we are to maintain the integrity made. Under this subsection, the Department of the Korean Armed Forces whose 45,600 of Defense would, with respect to approved permitted to join with me on the pend­ troops are making a sizeable contribution in sales, arrange in advance with U.S. suppliers ing amendment. South Vietnam, ·the other four front-line to acquire from them promissory notes issued The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without countries must absorb cuts of up to one­ by foreign countries and either hold these or objection, it is so ordered. third of the proposed programs, and dispose of them, in whole or in part, to ap­ . Mr. JACKSON. Mr. President. I ask modernization of any equipment would be propriate financial institutions. It should be unanimous consent that the amendment virtually halted. Internal security and civic noted that enactment of this subsection not be read again. action assistance to Indonesia, the Ph111p­ would not have the effect -of increasing the pines, and Latin American nations will have funds available for financing credit sales or The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without to be curtailed and little or no funds will the total volume of sales which could legally objection, it is so ordered. remain for countries where important bases be financed by such funds; it would only COMMERCE DEPARTMENT DISCLOSES THAT GRAV­ essential to our security exist such as Spain, provide an additional optional means of util­ ITY METERS HAVE BEEN SHIPPED TO BLOC Ethiopia, Libya, and Morocco. izing available funds to carry out approved SlTK To date, cooperative effort and joint com­ programs for · the assumption by friendly Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, I do not mitment by allied and friendly nations have countries of a larger share of the burden of created a free world military posture which their own defense. rise to comment on the pending amend­ represents a total strength far greater than The authorities relating to guarantees inent because it has not yet been printed, the strength of any single nation. Our mili­ would become Section 525 of the Foreign As­ and it is far too comprehensive and tary capability is not limitless and the equiv­ sistance Act. The language of Subsection (a) detailed and far-reaching for the Sen­ alent dollar applied for U.S. Forces does not of Section 525 comes from Section 503 ( e) ator from South Dakota to pass any provide the same return for U.S. security as of the Foreign Assistance Act, and the lan­ judgment on something of tho.t signifi­ does the same amount applied to maintain guage of Subsection (b) of Section 525 comes cance without at least having a chance the present collective free world defensive from Section 509 (b) of the Foreign Assist­ to read the amendment. position. Further, a w~akening of that posi­ ance Act. tion might be misunderstood by the leaders The language of the amendment relating I do rise, however, to call the atten­ of the· Soviet Union and the Peoples Republic to the .Military Credit Sales Revolving Fund tion of the Senate to a situation which of China as an unwillingness by the United effects two technical amendments. The sec­ has developed which provides another States to stand firm. This could invite new tion number of the Revolving Fund, which is frustrating and frightening development probes, increased support of subversion and now Section 508 of the Foreign Assistance from the standpoint of demonstrating possibly even open aggression. Act, is redesigna.ted as Section 526, and the the continuing program of this admin­ In addition to the above, termination of words "finance sales" are substituted for the the provisions for insuring sales financed by words "furnish military assistance on cash or istration to try to strengthen the econ­ private credit sources will destroy the sales credit terms" which now appear in that sec­ omy and the military capacity of the program of defense articles, except on a cash tion. The latter change simply conforms the Soviet bloc at the very time that the and carry basis. This could have a desta­ language of the section to the changes made weaPons shipped from the Soviet bloc b111zing effect as the control exercised by a elsewhere in the Blll to distinguish between to Communist nations have become re­ careful approval of sales to these nations will grant aid and sales. sponsible for a. continuation of the war have terminated and ·they will either look The amendments to page 54, line 14, and 1n Vietnam. eleswhere, primarily the Soviet Bloc, for their page 55, line 4, are technical drafting changes requirements, or utilize resources which to conform the Bill to the insert made on Mr. President, I call attention to the should be applied to their own ecollomic page 55 between lines 4 -and 5. The insert adds fact that the Commerce Department in development. several provisions imposing a limitation on a communication to me last week, dated The Joint Chiefs of Staff believe that the credit sales and guarantees of credit sales August 8, 1967, written in reply to an CXIII--1422-Part 17 22564 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE August 14, 1967 earlier letter which I addressed to the February 16, 1967, had requested the appli­ strategic, that it should be apparent that Commerce Department, has admitted cant to return his license so that the ap­ many of these items are of not only indi­ proval action could be reconsidered in the that two Worden gravity meters, com­ light of the intelligence information pro­ rect but also direct utilization to the So­ parable to the one being sought by Po­ vided. Neither at that time nor at any time viet bloc in its desire to bring victory to land, and denied, were released for ex­ since did we cancel the license because of North Vietnam by supplying it with the port to Rumania as long ago as July 23, the intelligence received. Cancellation oc­ sophisticated weapons that it needs to 1965. Because of the widespread interest curred on July 14, 1967, at the request of continue the war. and the strategic significance of these the applicant. Our conclusion in the July 18 One would think that the debates and instruments, I ask unanimous consent release that the issuance of a license against the rollcall votes of last week in this that copies of this revealing correspond­ the subject application appeared appropri­ Chamber, revolving as they did around ate has not been altered. For gravity meters ence be printed at this point in the of the Worden type or equivalent for use the same issue and the Senate-expressed RECORD. over land areas, approval employing the ra­ opposition to such trading with the The first is a letter which I sent to tionale of the release may be indicated. Ap­ enemy by both its votes and its expressed Acting Assistant Secretary McQuade on proval of airborne gravity meters or those record of dissent, would have some July 29, 1967, raising the question after for use in sea areas would, of course, be quite meaning to those operating these policies it occurred to me that some of the de­ unlikely at this time. from the other end of the avenue. But, vious language appearing in earlier cor­ The following is in response to your in­ it is now clear that the Executive deter­ respondence from the same department quiry about previous shipments of gravity mination and flexibility in the law is meters to Communist countries. O:r;i January might indicate that there was something 31, 1962, the Department, after the usual being abused to the disservice of the na­ more there that might not meet the consultation with other interested agencies, tional interest. The Senate must continue eye. So I raised the question of whether denied to Poland a Worden gravity meter to take action in opposition against fur­ there had been previous shipments of of the same capability as the one presently ther aid to our enemy in this tragic time this highly significant instrument to the under discussion. At that time our technical of war. Soviet Bloc. staff did not consider the Canadian or other It is apparent from the record that The second letter is from Acting As­ foreign produced instruments to be compa­ the administration of the Export-Import rable to the Worden meter. On July 23, 1965, sistant Secretary McQuade to me under however, two Worden gravity meters of a Bank by this administration at this hour date of August 8, 1967, confirming the quality comparable to the subject meter of war is inadequate to protect America fact that these shipments had been were authorized for shipment to Rumania for and is working in the interest of the made. petroleum exploration, an end-use reason­ enemy. There being no objection, the letters able for Rumania. Authorization was grant­ Mr. President, I yield the floor. were ordered to be printed in the REC­ ed by the Secretary of Commerce only after Mr. JACKSON. Mr. President, I sug­ approval was concurred in by other agencies; ORD, as follows: gest the absence of a quorum. JULY 29, 1967. By mid-1965 the Canadian manufactured The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk Mr. LAWRENCE C. MCQUADE, gravity meter was adjudged by government will call the roll. Acting Assistant Secretary for Domestic and technicians to be comparable to the Worden meter. Further in support of our rationale The legislative clerk proceeded to call International Business, Department of the roll. Commerce, Washington, D.C. that approval was the indicated action was DEAR MR. MCQUADE: This is in further re­ the fact that the Rumanians prior to 1965 Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask gard to our exchange of correspondence of had provided assurances against the reexport unanimous consent that the order for June 6, 1967 and July 3, 1967, regarding the of any United States equipment received by the quorum call be rescinded. export approval of the Worden gravimeter. them. No other gravity meters have been li­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without First of all, it was most gratifying to learn censed to Eastern Europe including the USSR. objection, it is so ordered. that the sale had been cancelled. It would Yours sincerely, have been far more reassuring, however, if LAWRENCE C. MCQUADE, your information release of July 21, 1967 had Acting Assistant Secretary for Domestic CAPT. REY D. BALDWIN resolved the issue once and for all. As it and International Business. stands, I cannot reconcile the rationale ad­ Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, it is very Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask vanced in the release with the explanation disheartening to learn that our earlier that the Chair lay before the Senate a given in your earlier letter of July 3, 1967 message from the House on s. 95. in which it was clearly stated that the li­ relief over the cancellation of the Worden The PRESIDING OFFICER laid be­ cense approval of February 1, 1967 had been meter for Poland has turned out to be fore the Senate the amendment of the withdrawn based on information supplied unjustified due to other such sales which House of Representatives to the bill lds no ideo­ sortium. As heavy users of international establishment of a domestic system logical goal except that it is good for communications, our investment in which is incompatible with our support nations to communicate efficiently with such an international undertaking is for a global system. one ane>ther. It seeks no diplomatic ad­ exceptionally large. The early develop­ This does not mean that the United vantage. It is quite simply a cooperative ment of satellite technology in the States, or any other nation, will give up undertaking of many nations to finance United States and the size of our in­ vital sovereignty over domestic com­ an international communications sys­ vestment has made it logical that Com­ munications. The fiow of satellite com­ tem which is of advantage to all. sat serve as consortium manager. munications, both domestic and inter­ In 1963, this invitation was extended We seek no domination of satellite national, is to and from ground stations by the governments of those nations communications to the exclusion of any owned by the individual nation or its which-joined in the creation of Intelsat. other nation-or any group of nations. representatives. Each country wiL have Today, I renew that invitation on be­ Rather, we welcome increased participa­ to determine for itself whether it wants half of our Government. tion in international communications by to use communications satellites for I have stated many times my hope all Intelstat members. We shall ap­ domestic purposes. It must be prepared to that our commercial activities with the proach the 1969 negotiations deter­ bear the expense of such satellite use, Soviet Union and Eastern Europe will mined to seek the best possible perma­ just as i·t will derive any revenues. grow, that our contacts will increase, and nent organizational framework. It is the space segment, not the ground that we will emphasize those matters in We will consider ceilings on the voting station, that is of legitimate interna­ which our interests are common rather power of any single nation-including tional concern. How should a nation than dwelling on those issues which di­ the United States-so that the organi­ utilize saitellites for domestic commu­ vide us. zation will maintain its international nications purposes? Here is a rare opportunity to join in character. There are several possible choices: an activity to bring benefits to all na­ We will support the creation of a for­ A nation can lease circuits from an in­ tions and loss to none. Recently the So­ mal assembly of all Intelsat members­ ternational Intelsat satellite. viet Union ratified the treaty for the so that all may share in the considera­ It could elect to operate a separate peaceful uses of outer space. Nothing tion of policy. satellite for its own domestic use. could better symbolize the truth that We favor efforts to make the services It could join with neighboring coun­ space belongs to all nien, than an in­ of personnel of other nations available tries to operate a separate satellite. ternational undertaking that permits the to Comsat as it carries out its manage­ Logically, this decision should be based free fiow of communications. I earnestly ment responsibilities. on economic grounds-whether domestic hope that the Soviet Union and the na­ We will continue the exchange of requirements can be met most efficiently tions of Eastern Europe will join in this technical information, share technologi­ and economically by a satellite owned by historic action. cal advances, and promote a wider dis­ Intelsat, or by a separate satellite. Pres­ The Soviet Union is a leader in satellite tribution of procurement contracts ent studies indicate that a high volume technology. I am advised that there is no among members of the consortium. of domestic traffic is necessary for a sep­ insurmountable technical obstacle to an It is our earnest hope that every mem­ arate satellite to offset the cost advan­ eventual linking of the Soviet Molniya ber nation will join with us in finding an tage of sharing the use of an interna­ system with the Intelsat system. The peo­ equitable formula for a permanent In­ tional satellite. The same considerations ples of the world could rightfully rejoice telsat organization. apply if domestic needs are to be met by if our advances in satellite technology DOMESTIC COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE a satellite shared by several nations. were accompanied by this act of global SYSTEMS If the regional satellite is to carry· in­ cooperation. Communications satellites have do­ ternational traffic as well, Intelsat-the Of course, this participation would re­ mestic as well as international applica­ Internaitional Communications Consor­ quire a revision of investment and voting tions. Satellites that can beam telephone tium-has an important stake in the ratios based on Soviet anticipated use of August· 14,-1967 CONGRESSIONAL · RECORD-· SENATE 22573 the system. Our representatives in How will these and other--develop­ Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, we Intelsat are ready to participate_in im­ ments a1fect . Comsat and- the interna­ have just received from the President of mediate discussions to make that, mem-­ tional communication carriers? the United States a message of historic bership possible. These are complex questions. Many significance. INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS of them are being presently weighed by President Johnson's message on com­ OWNERSHIP the Federal Communications Commis­ munications policy does not require a Most nations handle their interna­ sion. But a long, hard look must also vote from the Congress, or passage of tional communications through a be taken by all parties with respon­ any legislation. But it does deserve, I be­ "chosen lnStrument"-generally r a gov­ sibility in this area-for the -ultimate lieve, the study and the support of every ernment-owned entity. The United decisions will work a revolution in the Member of this body. States has no chosen instrument. Sev­ communications system of our Nation. The policy enunciated by the President eral record carriers and one voice carrier This task force will examine our en­ in this message is in the interest of all handle international traffic. In addition, tire international communications pos­ nations and all the world's people. For Comsat provides satellite circuits to ture. It should investigate whether the men can never learn to live peacefully these carriers. present division of ownership in our in­ together on our planet unless they can Our normal instinct is to favor the ternational communications facilities overcome the barriers of suspicion and existence of multiple companies in each best serves our needs, as well as which misunderstanding which now separate commercial :field. We believe that com­ technology can meet new communica­ them. petitive pressures-among technologies tion requirements in the most etrective I can think of no single effort which as well as companies-will usually gener­ and efficient manner. promises to yield more hopeful results ate lower· prices for the user. Congress The task force may establish working than the one which this message out­ recognized in the 1962 act that Comsat groups of Government and nongovern­ lines: to join all nations in a global net­ would be required to deal with several ment experts to study various technical, work of instantaneous communication. international carriers. economic and social questions. But I would point out to my colleagues Yet, there 1s a legitimate question The task force should also determine that this new declaration of the Presi­ as to whether the present division of if the Communications Act of 1934 and dent also serves the vital interest of the ownership continues to be in the public the Communications Satellite Act of United States. We cannot ignore the fact interest. Critics argue that: 1962 require revision. I am asking the that other nations-other leaders in in­ International communications are task force to report to me from time to ternational communications-are con­ provided by an industry which is regu­ time and to make its final report within cerned and active in this :field. Certainly lated in its rates and practices. Price 1 year. it is right for the United States, which competition, as we usually use that term, GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION has traditionally been preeminent in does not exist. Our Government must be organized satellite communication, to take the ini:.. Divided ownership has resulted in the to carry out its responsibilities in the tiative. We must insure that our Nation constru~tion and maintenance of ex­ communications field. Present authority shall remain a leader in this crucial pensive, duplicating communications fa­ is widely dispersed. The Federal Com­ arena. cilities which increase operating costs munications Commission has heavy re­ I commend the President for his in­ and result in higher rates for the user. sponsibilities under the 1934 and 1962 telligent, far-sighted and thoughtful Our Nation is in a relatively poor bar­ acts. The President and many agencies message, which bodes well for the peace gaining position on communications have responsibilities under these acts, and progress of mankind, and for the matters with foreign counterparts since various Executive orders, and as part of continued leadership of the United we do not speak with a single voice. their general duties. States. Disputes have existed between Comsat Communications is a vital public I commend this historic statement to and the surface carriers over who should policy area-and Government organiza­ my colleagues for their earnest and care­ own the ground stations in the interna­ tion must reflect that challenge. ful and sympathetic attention. tional system. I have asked the Bureau of the Budget Defense communications in the future to make a thorough study of existing could be subjected to delay. governmental organization in the field FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1967 Several proposals have been advanced of communicr..tions and to propose The Senate resumed the consideration which would atrect our international needed modifications. of the bill

Denson, James-E., PVs057775~ Gawler, Will1a.m. C~ FV3058553~ Helsten, Charles T., FV3025818-. Derbln, Anthony W., Jr., "3059088. Gecewicz, Leo J., FV3058277. Hemmings, AJ-t.hur A., Jr., FV3~0071. Desrochers, Norman A., PVS028486. George. John R., FVI860730. Hempe, John D., FV3056159. Dezuitter, James E .• PV306489L Gergen, Thomas F •• FV3041085. Henderson, Jerry L., FV3066430. Dibrell, Sam P .. Jr., FV3025784. Germani, Joseph G., FV3028492. Henkle, Dallas M., FV3025908. Dietz, Albert E., FV3066367. Gerzina, Anthony W., FV2210735. Henningson, Edwin A., FV3039781. Dllllngha.m, La.1-ry D., FV306533'l. Gibbons, William J., FV3064503. Henry, Jay F., FV3040726. ' Dillon, J'ohn Z., FV2249735. Gideon, Willard s .. FV3025283~ Herbst, Roland G., FV3064556. Disbrow, David E., FV3057424. Gilhooly, David P., FV3056152. · Hernandez, Robert D., FV3053935. ·· Dishong, Clyde E'., FV3065338. Gill, Edgar A., Jr., FV3033709. · Herr, Ronald H., FV3026673. Dix, Claude B., FV3056268. Gilliam, Edward L., FV3008950. Hetherington, James R., FV3064745. Dombrowa, Theodore J., FV3057"114. Gillory, Byron M., FV2222822. Hicks, Donald E., FV3074272. Donohoe, Paul J., FV3040153. Giooo, Frank C., FV3080502. Higginbotham, Jon D., FV3066672. Donovan, John E .• FV3053066. Giuliano, Anthony~ .• Jr., FV3009325. Hill, Ray D., FV3057333. . . Dornberger, Billy G., FV3018895. Givan!, Ernest E ., FV3057510. Hinterthan, Winfried W., FV3057392. Dorr, Alan V., FV3059069. Glover, John A., FV3064735. Hintz, James G., FV3040550. Dorsee, Noble H., Jr., FV3081246. God.man, Eugene 0., FV3008991. Hoch, John A.,'FV3036483.' Dostie, Francis A., FV3049752. Gollnick, William H., FV3056279. Hoff, Ray J., Jr., FV3058436. Dowell, William B. D., FV2206495. Gomez, Jose F :, FV3048084. Hokanson, John M., FV2208197. Downey, James L., FV3080578. Gomez, Kerry, FV3051771. Holland, William H., FV3064896. Downs, Robert A., FV3046595. Good.body, Thomas L .• Jr., FV3048783. Holloway, David H., FV3064994. Drye, Homer F., FV3057979. Goodhart, Thomas c., FV3058918. Holmes, Irvin W., FV3026292. Duart, David H., FV3057321. Goodrich, Edwln R., Jr., FV3080891. Holmes, Marian, FV3087931). Dudash, John F., FV3024380. Goodwin, Philip A .• FV3058499. Hooper, Claren B., Jr., FV30?4068. Duffett, Walter-N., FV3015526. Goold, Kenneth C., Jr., FV3080685. Horacek, James C., FV3049574. Duffy, James F., FV3064744. Gordon, Robert J ., FV3009058. Horn, Richard A., FV3065341. Duke, Robert R., FV3065907. Gorman, Charles A., FV3064894. Horton, Robert L., FV1857488. Dultmeler, Galen A., FV3064489'. Gorton, William A .• FV3040'Z78. Hossley, Donald D., FV30280'l.7. Dunham, Norbert D., FV3066249. Grachek, Joseph E., Jr., FV3065023. Houck, George F., Jr., FV3064854. Dunn, James D., FV3034100. Grant, Ro'bert C., FV3029422. Howard, Archer H., FV3064428. Durio, Donn L., FV3051965. Gray, Lawrence G., FV3057175. Howard, George M., FV3058437. Durkee, William L., Jr., FV3058359. Greco, Joseph J., FV3064635. Howell, Robert M., FV3087572. Dutton, John A., FV3049754. Greene, Charles E ., Jr., FV3081054. Hubrich, Max L., FV3064933. Duval, James R., FV3052190. Gregory, Robert R., FV3039951. Huffman, Harold J., FV3046929. East, Roger W., FV3066069. Griffith, Earl E., FV3058666. Huffman, Leon W., FV3081472. Ebner, Stanley G., FV3050624. Griggs, Francis V., FV3059090. Huggins, Bobby G., FV3057336. Eden, Dona.Id P., FV3056605. Grigsby, Donald E., FV3064872. Hughes, Richard W., FV3081004:. Elba.ch, William J ., FV3072805. Grimsley, Phillip W., FV3065025. Hullinger, WilliamP., FV3034109. Elchler, Frank M., FV2227454. Grotz, Gerald C., FV3080414. Huls, Robert G., FV3087688. Einstein, Walter 0., FV3048118. Grubb, Robert F., FV3058141. Humm, John R., FV3053877. Elftmann, John W., Jr., FV3035840. Guenther, Gordon P., FV3064552. Hunn, Van, FV3057015. Ellis, Keith W., FV3008938. Guimont, Roy A., Jr., FV3056508. Hunter, Cora D., FV3060523. Ellis, Luard L., FV3080968. Guin, Bob W., FV3080627. Hunter, Frank :ri.l., FV3064815. Ellithorpe, Robert C., FV3064342. Gumbrecht, George E •• FV3065910. Huson, Albert C., FV3058924. Emerson, Delbert A., Jr., FV3049674. Gunter, Eugene B., Jr., FV3046871. Hylton, Robert E., FV3050595. Emery, Eugene E., Jr., FV3021379. Gurney, Donald G., FV3080144. Ihle, Bruce R., FV3052446. Emmons, Tom H., FV0871462. Gustafson, Ronald E., FV3008957. Ikezawa, Michael A., FV2250866. Etzel, Gregory A. M., FV3072748. Guzik, Francis E.1 FV3050333. Iseman, Billy E., FV3055007. Evers, Robert L., FV3064758. Guzman, Miguel A., FV3064873. Itzen, Donald A., FV300435'7. Evett, Donald E., FV3009053. Habr, Joseph G., FV3027439. Jackson, Willlam A., FV3065641. Fair, Gordon H., FV3056076. Hackler, Richard L ., FV3041095. Jacobs, J a mes L., FV3023684. Fair, John C., FV3034663. Haeusler, Dean R., FV3065737. Jacobs, John E., FV3051022. Falzon, Alexander, FV3034273. Hagan, Marion P .• Jr., FV3058500. Jacobs, Max R., FV3034018. Farnsworth Glenn L ., FV3081474. Hagen, Wayne H., FV3025508. James, Clifford A., FV3025973. Farrell, William H., FV3064464. Hagood, John M., Jr., FV3057363. James, Don L., FV3029173. Feil, John A., FV3034007. Hailey, H. M., Jr., FV3El52380. Jasinski, John M., FV3057395. Fenimore, John W ., FV3036710. Haldeman, Robert B., FV3056765. Jayroe, Juliuft S., FV3058698. Fiola, Armand J., FV3057667. Haley, John W., Irr, FV3064506. Jeffords, Jacque M., FV3058601. Fisher, James P., FV3057006. Hallman, Harvey D., FV8064553. Jennings, Hollls L., Jr., FV3064265. Fleitz, Richard A., FV2212036. H alsted, Benjamin D., FVS-101089. Jenrich, Edwln, FV3087639. Fluty, Willia m L., FV3056276. Hamby, Carl L., FV3025217. Johns, Arthur L., FV3056518. Foeh, Adolph W., Jr., FV3064345. Hamel, Norman A., FV3049878. Johnson, Billie H., FV3064718. Foley, James R., FV3009055. H amm, William D ., FV3081055. Johnson, Donald E., FV3057054. Folts, Lavens D., FV3058798. Hanley, Edward E., III, FV3059076. Johnson, Ernest E., FV3050909. Ford, Walter J. FV3010753. Hansen, Alfred G., FV3038658. Johnson, G ayle P., FV3058806. Forsythe, David A., FV3038207. Hanson, Charles A., FV3080317. Johnson, Larry E., FV3057564. Foster, William E., Jr., FV3056815. Hanson, Troy L., FV3058829. Johnson, Paul A., FV3051209. Fox, James D., FV3027641. Harbour, Charles R., FV3056285. Johnson, Ward A., FV3057329. Fox, Robert W., FVS-058575. Hardister, Joseph E., FV3064350. Johnson, Wayne M.,. FV3058145. Fraga, Thomas Z., FV3027111. Hargrave, Charles 0., FV3052009. Johnson, Willard F., FV3050982. Fraker, Donald D., FV2204455. Harmon, Robert A., FV3056618. Johnson, William C., FV3046224. Francis, James R., FV3064313. Harner, E verett D ., FV3058132. Johnson, William J., III, FV3028080. Franklin, Charles E., FV3057881. H a rris, Leonard G., FV3008961. Jones, John C., FV3064899. French, Harold S., FV2224634. H artstein, Frederick 0., FV3058743. Jones, Joseph M., FV3033944. French, Lawrence R ., FV2210604. H a rwood, Robert K., Jr., FV3040939. Jones, Richard A., FV3080277. Friedma n ,. Joseph C., FV3049010. Haverland, Bobby H., FV3058502. Jones, Richard W., Jr., III, FV3058807. Frisbee, John A., FV3071264. H awkins, Richard C., FV3081496. Jones, Rowland E., FV3064267. Fry, David C., FV3029735. Hawkins, Van E., FV3048866. Jorgensen, Royce U., FV3021935. Fulk, James L., Jr., FV3058140. Hayman, Gary E ., FV3028864. Julius, Ronald J ., FV3058505. Fuller, Hughie, E., FV3057712. Haywood, Ronald E., FV3058192. Keels, William M., FV3056170. Gage, Robert G., FV3080023. Head, G erald A .• FV3008962. Keenan, James C., Jr., FV3025520. Gainer, Harry N., FV3006127. Heagy, Robert T., Jr., FV3058091. Keeter, Carroll D., FV3047419. Gamlin, Richard A., F'V3053590, Healy, Charles M., Jr., FV3051628. Keith, Chandler, FV3056631. Gander, John F., FV3038756. Heath, Charley W., FV3065026. Keith, William R ., FV3058999. Gardner, Patrick J., FV3085173. Heberly, Elwood A .• FV3065306. Keller, Doyal L ., FV3080419. Gardner, Richard A., FV3065438. Hedgepet h, Willis E ., FV3036147. Keller, George B., FV3068127. Garner, Mark S., Jr., FV3056816. Hee, Edward K. Y., FV3057220. Kelly, Robert J., FV3064410. Garrison, Robert D., FV3048891. Heffernan, Robert E., FV3057784. Kelly, William E., FV3009190. Gary, Jack W., FV3029737. Heifner, Charles T., FV3057864. Kenefick, Loren L ., FV3053338. Gaty, Charles L., FV3039117. Helm, Donald E ., FV2208303. Kennedy, Patrick J., FV3057790. Gavel, Paul, FV3049907. Helmer, R ichard G ., FV3064468. Kennedy, Robert E., FV3056410. August 14, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENA. TE 22577 Kerr, John C. G., FV3065522. Martin, Glen R., FV3074432. Mulligan, Robert G., FV3056435. Kessler, Alan, FV3057833. Martin, Paul A., Jr., FV3040728. Mullins, Donald W., FV3080291. Kibler, Ronald F., FV3047462. Martin, Paul W., FV1855183. Mumford, Willard R., FV3053773. Kielcheski, Carlin J., FV3071449. Marti_nez, Gilbert, FV3058565. Munch, Samuel A., Jr., FV3064481. Kimber, Bruce, FV3059001. Mason, Robert c., FV3036851. Mund, Harold H., FV3025761. King, Donald L., FV3056915. Mateik, Daniel G., FV3036233. Murphy, Charles H., FV3049033. Kinney, James S., FV3058703. Mathias, Duane M., FV3059006. Murphy, Eugene, FV3022842. Kinsley, Otho V., Jr., FV3020976. Mathis, Harvey J., FV3056187. Murtaugh, John K., FV3004730. Kirk, Harris W., FV3066336. Matters, Duane H., FV3058588. Muscatello, William R., FV3056436. Klausner, William W., FV3058147. Matthes, Frank H., FV3057571. Nagle, Bruce A., FV3064565. Kline, Gerald D., FV3050944. Matthews, Charles A., FV3058839. Nash, James F., FV3081500. Kline, Wilson J., FV3056171. Matthews, Stephen C., FV3064905. Navarro, Lloyd T., FV3080425. Klopfer, John T., Jr., FV3056635. Mattison, David D., FV3057085. Neal, Guy W., J;i'V3058345. Knapp, Thurston F., FV3056636. Mattoon, Har~y E., FV3064220. Neal, James D., FV3080151. Knedlik, Donald E., FV3047464. Mauser, William T., FV3064655. Needham, Richard C., FV3057529. Kogge, Henry J., FV3057884. Maxwell, Donald J., FV3072009. Neill, Frank D., Jr., FV3067741. Koontz, Esco G., FV3056298. May, Ronny J., FV3064274. Nelson, Eugene R., FV3038190. Kopsick, John, Jr., FV3057083. May, William T., FV3064411. Nelson, Fred E., Jr., FV3056201. Kothanek, John F., Jr., FV3080760. Maynard, Byron D., FV3050354. Nichols, Joseph P., FV3070097. Kowalczyk, Edward A., FV3022397. McAllister, Karl D., FV3047390. Nichols, William P. J., FV3056830. Kral, Ralph J., FV3039006. McAullffe, Francis G., FV3058101. Nickerson, Ronald E., FV3058289. Kraus, Jon P., FV3050203. McBratney, Robert M., FV3064275. Nicks, William J;.,., FV3052007. Krause, Keith E., FV3080896. McCarty, William S., FV3034029. Nixon, Paul P., FV3058709. Krueger, Douglas W., FV3027150. Mcclaine, Richard E., FV3040889. Nolan, James W., FV3049209. Krug, Earl E.; FV3057791. McClellan, Paul E., FV3057489. Nolan, John F., FV3037879. Kuhn, Edward F., FV3057339. McConnell, Herbert E., FV3027380. Nolan, Richard A., FV3051394. Kuhns, James K., FV3057225. McCoy; Ronald T., FV3064629. Noonan, Richard A., FV2205525. Kunc, Fred V., FV3058319. McCulloch, Donald 0., FV3008847. Notman. William R., III, FV3049625. Kwortnik, John C., FV3064640. McCulloch, Gerald I., FV3034479. O'Brien, Robert J., FV3057532. Labernik, Theodore J., FV3057792. McCullough, Marlo G., FV3057277. O'Connell, Arthur J., FV3056729. Lacasse, Richard E., FV3028985. McDaniel, Kenneth E., FV3064988. O'Connor, Thomas H., Jr., FV3080132. Laffey, Thomas P., FV3064901. McDonald, Dale E., FV3048903. O'Day, William J., FV3028918. . Lakey, Harvey L., FV3056411. McEwan, Ronald J., FV3057743. O'Dell, Donald E .• FV3057281. Lamb, Clendon V., FV3087948. McGee, Gerald E., FV3037156. O'Hanian, John P., FV3058451. Langford, Albert R., Jr., FV3027244. McGovern, John F., FV3046281. Ohlson, Nils A., FV3057136. Larj, Vladimir, FV3056175. McGowan, Patrick T., FV3056316. O'Keefe, John P., FV3050565. Larson, Edward, FV30856302. Mcintire, Eugene R., FV2223194. Olimb, Curtis A., ~V3046937. Lasater, John R., FV3056638. McKenzie, Larry W., FV3058513. Olman, Lothar A., FV3006112. Law, Richard 0., FV3057794. McKnight, George G., FV3051289. Olson, Neale E., FV3009375. Lawrence, Robert, FV3064433. McMillen, Paul S., FV3064415. Olson, Robert E., FV3057282. Lawrence, Stanley A., FV3057439. McMullen, Gerald W., FV3064277. O'Malley, Edmund P., Jr., FV3025861. Layton, Robert F., FV3027447. McNeer, Charles J., FV3035376. Osborne, Clement D., FV2205215. Leahy, Robert E., FV3057835. McNeill, Robert E., FV3058755. Oswald, John H., FV3051250. Leal, Lupe S., FV3080535. McPherson, John W., FV3054686. Ottman, Willard G., FV3058408. Ledbetter, Ray H., FV3057486. McQueen, James E., FV3058902. Overland, Richard M., FV3065347. Lee, Robert E., FV3039218. Means, William H., Jr., FV3058903. Overly, James D., FV3029771. Lemke, Clyde W., FV3039542. Meine, Frederick G., FV3065996. Owen, William R., FV3064908. Lemley, Roy, FV3056304. Meinert, Ronald E., FV3058384. Owens, Max G., FV3023196. Lemon, John A., FV3064902. Meisinger, Kenneth R., FV3012196. Pace, Edward L., FV3087596. Leslie, John W., Jr., FV3067764. Meissner, Rudolph J., Jr., FV3081447. Pack, Boyce G., FV3057493. Lester, Roy F., Jr., FV3064856. Mellady, James P., FV3052445. Page, Lawrence F., FV3028921. Levine, Alexander A., FV3008977. Mellor, Fredric M., FV3065346. Painter, Richard G., FV3025375. Levine, Edgar G., FV3065674. Messick, David T., FV3056190. Palmberg, Roger V., FV3048073. Lewandowski, Dale J., FV3058928. Meyer, Albert D., FV3027673. Palumbo, Guy L., FV3087477. Lewis, Julian R., FV3056642. Meyer, George R., Jr., FV3026067. Paoletta, Benjamin P., FV3058568. Lewis, Merrill, R., Jr., FV3034599. Meyer, William M., FV3057746. Park, Richard D., FV3065316. Lilly, Carter H., FV3049192. Meyers, George H., III, FV3064999. Parker, Pasco, FV3027301. Lilly, Ira B., Jr., FV3028639. Meyers, Thomas R., FV3039407. Parker, Paul A., Jr., FV3048952. Lindsey, John· C., FV3058068. Michaud, Normand, FV3035780. Parker, Vernon H., FV3027970. Lindsey, Walter L., FV3056305. Miller, Clifford, FV3058037. Parrotte, Irwin E., FV3064281. Lineberger, Jason R., FV3027804. Miller, Donald D., FV3064438. Partin, James A., FV3020042. Linn, Edward M., FV305179-4. Miller, Duane A., FV3041113. Patrick, Paul C., FV3064782. Linn, Russell R., FV3056179. Miller, Edward P., FV3057804. Patton, Bruce P., FV3081503. Lisko, James R., FV3027337. Miller, George M., FV3023369. Pedersen, Howard M., FV3064692. Livers, Francis D., Jr., FV3039139. Miller, James R., FV3027296. Pehr, Frank J., FV3080515. Lloyd, Edward A., .FV3057799. Miller, Paul B., FV3064517. Pemberton, Robert G., FV3085398. Lloyd, William H., Jr., FV3084036. Miller, Richard W., FV2210740. Penland, William A., FV3000103. Long, Raymond N., FV3028144. Miller, Roger E., FV3058757. Perrine, Elton L., FV3064443. Long, Warren L., FV3057184. Miller, Thomas D., FV3012867. Perry, Theron M., FV3028822. Lopes, George A., FV0590974. Miller, Wayne D., FV3058287. Perry, Walter 0., FV3056210. Lott, James S.,' FV3057685. Million, Harry L., Jr., FV3056324. Perry, William R., FV3058409. Lowrey, Keith W., FV3029466. Mobley, Billy M., FV3020924. Petersen, Richard S.,FV3038611. Lustig, Charles L., FV3058898. Montemayor, Daniel A., FV3064779. Peterson, Charles D., FV3058040. Lutz, Norman M., FV3080130. Montgomery, Richard D., FV3034301. Peterson, Robert A., FV3026177. Lydon, John J., FV3080596. Mooney, Melton J., FV3064747. Peterson, Wayne K ., FV3059112. Lyle, William w .. FV3057020. Moore, Harry W., FV3058073. Petitjean, Robert W., FV3080327. Mackall, Frederick T., FV3009199. Morales, Rafael, FV3028671. Phillips, Keither E., FV3065002. Mackinnon, Donald S., FV3065668. Moran, Edward J., FV3048260. Phillips, Robert S., FV3057285. Macklin, Paul R., FV3027338. Morelli, Anthony, FV3053642. Pickering, Harold, FV3056202. Madden, Robert W., FV3101125: Morgan, Charles E., FV3087970. Pickett, Thomas J ., Jr., FV3035648. Maddox, Robert A., FV3058405. Morgan, Harold I., FV3050948. Picking, Franklin W., FV3029469. Magliocca, George J., FV3081009. Morgan, Herschel S., FV3057445. Pilkinton, Corinne G., FV3087557. Mahrholz, Fritz, FV3056310. Mahrt, Martin H., FV3047002. Morgan, Hugh M., FV3027340. Pillsbury, Walter E., FV3056338. Malley, James E., FV3053357. Morris, Eugene C., FV3051466. Pittard, David H., FVS072696. Manning, John F., FV3058511. Morrison, Franklyn C., FV3058681. Pitts, Verdell V., FV3009381. Marble, Vern L., FV3053907. Mosley, Bruce H., FV2204598.· Podlesnik, Frank A., Jr., FV3016541. Marrs, Robert J., Jr., FV3024240. Mourning, John R., FV3064989. Polson, Harold 0., FV3021253. Martin, Bobby J., FV3027379. Muck, Donald I. J., FV3066024. . Pool, Jimmy B., FV305859o: Martin, Bobby L., FV2211974. Mueller, Robert K., FV3064242. Poole, George W., FV3048191. 22578 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 14, 1967

Poore, Donald W ., PV3048414. Scott, Jackson K., Jr., FV3056213. Thelen, Boyce· C., FV3034130. Poppert, Richard E., PV-3057966. Seals, Billy R., FV3039163. Thomas, Leland C., FV221054-2. Porch, Roger D., FV3081034. Searby, Peter H., FV3051737. Thompson, Ewing M., Jr., FV3101178. Porter, Rogers A., FV3080294. Secrest, Fred M., FV3087488. Thompson, James- E., PV305782l. Porter, William C., FV3040311. Seely, Richard R ., FV3066293. Thompson, JohnW., FVS009014. Poskie, David L., FV3058571. Seif, Carl V., FV3064727. Thompson, Richard W., FV3029287. Postgate, John W., Jr., FV3064990. Seirer, Willie L., FV3080833. Thompson. William W., FVS061460. Potter, Dale L., FV3069261. Semler, Philip A., FV3082570. Thornton; Ralph H., FV3065208. Powers, ·Winston D., FV3022098. Sessions, Jerry L., FV3083954. Thorpe, William H., FV3028564. Pruett, Leland H., FV3056207. Setlow, AndrewD., FV30S1297. Thorsness, Leo K., FV3025937. Pryor, James A., FV2222016. Sevin, Daniel J., FV3101160. Tibbs, John W., FV3056362. Pulham, Thomas D., PV3035705. Shaleski,-Reginald W., FV3057385. Tice, Robert K :, FV3059125. Pulliam, Guy E., FV3064224. Shattuck, Lewis W., FV3036821. Tidwell, Robert L., FV3047355. Pung, James C., FV3057891. Shaw, Thomas A., FV3038103. Tindall, J. ·D., FV3034443. Purvine, Bruce M., FV3050567. Shelton, Ch·arles E., FV2204666. Tinney, Jack S., FV3033920. Putney, Robert F '., FV3038932. Sherling, Andrew M., FV 3053513. Tolstead, Robert L., FV3009015. Quast, Emil T., FV3039024·. Shermer, Ace E., FV3057408. Totten, David K., FV3065460. Rainey, Charles A., FV3057406. Sherrill, Haskeil B., FV3056566. Trottier, William B., FV3058551. Raitt, William W., FV30294'11. Shields, Edwar R., II, FV305-7090. Tschetter, Timothy, FV3035454. Raup, Karl A., FV3007104. ShifHett, Donald E., FV3058909. Tucker, Ronald J., FV3057724. Raymer, Irvine K., FV3028609. Shineman, Francis L., FV3037443. Tucker, Roy E., FV3057932. Rea, Arthur M ., FV3009384. Shumbera, August L., Jr., FV3015215. Tumulty, Frank J., Jr., FV2223012. Reamer, Frank P., Jr., FV3057454. Sihler, Edward A., F\722225-70. Turley, MQrvan D., FV3080990. Redding, Robert J., FV3051263. Simmons, William P., FV3029587. Turner, Hiram G., FV3007702. Reed, Donald D,, FV3064883-. Simon, Jerry, FV3056456. Twait, Francis J., FV3053073. Reed, Joseph L., FV3029000. Simon, Roy A., FV3058825. Ulmer, Stiles "C., Jr., FV3057704. Reese, Robert D., FV3058052. Simpson, Gus H., FV3058952. UnderwOOd, William E., FV3057850. Regan, Maurice D., FV3059019. Simpson, Paul L., FV3056218. Urschler, Regis F. A., FV3057295. Remsburg, Clark L., FV3058330. Simpson, Richard J., FVI908207. Ussery, Boboy J., FV2216489. Renko, Thomas M., Jr., FV3033747. Singleton, Lonnie A., Jr., FV3029395. Vandrew, Woodrow L., FV3101183. Repp-, Robert M., III, FV3049629. Siniuk, J"oseph S., FV3056885. Vanhoosen; Milford L., FV3064394. Revello, Pete A., FV3052973. Skelton, Charles B., FV3039550. Vanness, Charles R., FV3057203. Reyes, Edward D., FV3019185. Skinner, Owen G., FV3058044. Vaughan, Jame6 L., FV1864578. Reynolds, Richard C., Jr., FV3054516. Skowron, Edward R., FV3039551. Vaught, WilmaL., FV3059917. Richards, Malcolm E., FV3066125. Skutack, Daniel E., FV3064450. Villines, William F., FV3064921. Richardson, Edward F., FV3056344. Skvorak, Richard A., FV3057698. Vincent, Oakley G., FVS-101015. Ring, Richard L., FV3028457. Slade, Clyde M., FV3056351. Vineyard, John R., FV3040715. Rios, William, FV3028674. Slattery, James M., FV3058953. Vollmer, Albert C., FV3036089. Slaughter, Ernest H., FV1865830. Ripley, Roy L., FV3041020. Volpe, John M., FV3034990. Smith, Carl W., FV3053666. Ritchie, Welton C., Jr., FV3027312. Vondersmith, William M., Jr., FV3053515. Smith, Chauncey D., Jr., FV3029444. Robb, Jon M., FV3064696. Waggoner, Robert F., FV3065l37. Robel, Richard F'., FV3058004. Smith, David L., Jr., FV3028562. Wagnon, Jerry R., FV3065272. Robey, William L., FV3049045. Smith, Donald R., FV3010726. Walker, Donaid C., FV3057296. Robichaud, Robert P., FV3058947. - Smith, James S., FV3056836. Walker, Edward P., FV30&'7499. Robinson, George D., FV3058196~ Smith, John H., Jr., FV3004054. Walker, Leonard S., III, FV3057410. Robinson, Richard D., FV3029094. Smith, Mark A., Jr., FV3051299. Walker, Wallace·J., FV3058348. Robinson, Richard 0., FV3021296. Smith, Samuel P., III, FV3080194. Walker, William L., FV3037384. Robinson, Zane H., FV3034574. Smith, ScottW., III, FV3055230. Walkowski, Raymond J., FV3057241. Rogers, Travis 0., FV3057893. Snead, John R., FV2211723. Wallace, Richard S., FV3057356. Rogers, William J., FV3056347. Snear-y, Richard L., FV3035707. Ward, Robert L., FV3065461. Rohrllck, Myles A., FV3058103. Snelling, John H., FV305.7590. Warinner, Algernon S., II, FV3058051. Snowden, Wendell, FV3038'134. Rollins, John 0., II, FV3035328. Warner, Ronald L .• FV3058088. Roney, Billy J., FV3064315. Soto, Benigno, FV3054'783. Watson, Robert J., FV3058471. Roos, HerbertL., Jr., FV3046377. Sparkman, Jimmy R., FV3009398. Watson, Ronald W., FV3058197. Rose, Samuel R., Jr., FV3009388. Spearman, Jerry D., FV3064662. Waugh, Jimm.i.e G., FV3057598. Rosko, Edward F., FV3036243. Spears, Richard D., Jr., FV3064451. Wayland, ·Henry T., Jr., FV3084301. Ross, Russell L., FV3101152. Sprick, Duane R ., FV3052296. Weaver, Robert L., Jr., FV3046572. Rossacci, Pasquale F., Jr., FV30574'Z2. Springer, Robert D., FV3022282. Weaver, Ronald E., FV3065977. Rouze, Donald L., FV3051533. Squire, Boyd E., FV3025382'. Weber, Paul L., FV3008768. Royston, Craig, FV3058415. Stafford, Robert J., FV3065043. Webster, FateL., FV3058338. Ruppenthal, Fredd ·E., FV3058104. Stalnecker, Howard G., Jr., FV3058297. Rushton, Norman H., FV3065'754. Stamschror, Charles J., FV3052790. Weege, Ernest J., FV3066328. Rushworth, Ralph, FV3080986. Stathopoulos, Anthony, FV3008144. Weir, James C,, FV3081507. Ru.stvold, "Clarence A., FV3034179. Steele, John .w., FV3081738. Weiss, Anthony G., FV3080470. Rutherford, Alan K., FV3025673. Stephenson, Edgar L., Jr., FV3021603. Welch, L<;>ren E., FV3048917. Rutter, Harry W., Jr., FV3052319. Stevens, Jerry E., FV3057751. Wellington, Raymond, Jr., PV3034992. Ryan, James c., FV3034434. Stewart, Altha M., FV3056221. Wellons, ;Phillip R., FV3053752. Sadler, Harry R., FV3-04090a. Stewart, Ellis c .. Jr., FV0836672. Wells, Haro~d L., FV3059146. Samay, Ralphael S., FV3058876. Stewart, James A.,. FV3081040. Wells, Norman L., FV3037386. Sam.son, Dale D., FV3066669. Stewart, John K., FV3065121. West, Charles.a., FV3057354. Westcott, Lawrence P., FV3006150. Sanchez, Gloria L., FV3100990. St. Marti~ Roy L., FV3023402. Sandberg, Jack L., FV3009002. Stoffel, Francis B., FV3058954. Wetzel, Wilbert J., Jr., FV3058848. Sanner, Joseph L., FV3037073. Stokes, Marion o .• FV3057592. Whalen, James P., FV3050084. Sawicki, Raymond S., FV3080967. Stone, James E., FV3058462. White, Joseph, Jr., FV3058419. Saxton, Robert M., FV3074581. Stone, Ralph E., FV3066358. Whi-tfield, Marvin C., FV3028930. Saylor, Wllllam T., FV3081013. Storz, Ronald E., FV3057474. Wickwar, Richard N .• FV3064302. Scabavea, Andy S., FV3058714. Stricker, RichardJ., FV3057752. Wierman, Frank S., FV3080953. Schacker, Ralph A., FV3087612. Stubberfield, Robert A., FV3008887. Wiersma., William E., FV3066548. Schamens, Kenneth W., FV3049272. Suther, John A., FV3057846. Wigal, Ralph E., FV3039797. Schartman, Paul A., FV3057142. Sutton, Everett M., FV3021881. Williams, Cleveland D., FV3009413. Schatz, Uoyd 0., FV3058950. Swanson, Ronald E., FV3025-198. Williams, Perry, FV3064799. Scheloske, John J., FV3046689. Swendner, William J., FV3066624. Williams, Philip P., FV305'7094. Schl088er, Martin G., FV3082745. Sweney, Allen L., FV3058418. Williams, Richard L., FV3064397. Schmidt, Gerald A., FV3056452.. Tait, Sereno R., Jr., F'V0591072. Williams, Robert R., FV30876S3. Schnaiter, Thomas P., FV220T723. Tanner, James L., FV2211528. Williams, Walter C., FV3056370. Schnell, Charles R .• FV3081351. Tapmari, Thomas F., FV3035577. Willis, Robert E., FV3038737. Schoonover, DonaidJ., FV3052740. Tatro, Eugene c., FV305-7465. Wilson, Bobby J., FV3056229. Schuh, Fred; ·Jr., FV3052975. Telshaw, Bradley R., FV3066411. Wilson, Btirke L., FV3028471. Schuler, Larry-L., FV3058596. Teskey, Harland E., FV3058016. Wilson, Edw~d N., FV3046805. August 15, 196.7 CON~I!ESSION~L - ll!!CP.RD~- SENATE 22579 Wilson, Wayne F., FV30Bl 748. Wyrick, Donald M., FV3037181. CONFIRMATIONS Wimberly, Johnie H., FV3064-710. Yamada, Hisao, FV3046653. . . Winner, Donn C., FV3058300. · Yarrington, Arthur, FV3029402. Executive nominations confirmed by Winter, John R., FV3052465. Yeager, James A., FV3065368. the Senate August 14, 1967: · Wojcik.,. Joseph J., FV3080125. Yeatman, Robert E., FV3052258. U.S. COAST GUARD Wood, Charles. J., FV3066129. Yenke, William H., FV30570.95. Wood, James E., FV3058421. Yiskis, Norman L., FV3050362. The nominations beginning Michael Baron, Woodhead, Robert E., FV3057900• . Yohe, Robert S., FV3069216. . Jr., to be chief warrant officer (W-4), and Woods, F.dwin P., Jr., FV3101201. York, Thomas P., Jr., FV3056234. -ending Ted · B. Bryant, to- be lieutenant, Woods, Ronald D., FV3009416. Young, F.dward D., Jr., FV3017380. which nominations were received by the Sen­ Wood.worth, Richard D., FV3065050. Young, John F., FV3053668. ate and appeared in the CONGRESSIONAL REC­ . ORD on July 25, 1967. Woollngton, Gerald L., FV3034062. Younkman, Robert J., FV3058475. Wray, Billy E., FV3056373. Yovin, Joseph A., Jr., FV-3080355. ENVmONMENTAL SCIENCE SERVICES Wright, Arthur L., FV3027999. Zacharias. Jon E., FV3057754. ADMINISTRATION Wright, Duggins F. L., FV3058961. Zani, Robert C., FV3024964. The nominations beginning John R. Plagg­ Wright, Gene T ., FV3048803. Zaretsky, Michael G., FV3058476. mier, to be captain, and ending Kenneth W. Wright, Jerdy A., Jr.,. FV3080629. Zeitler, Frank J., FV3064530. Sigley, to be ensign which nominations were Wright, William H., FV3033733. Ziman, Robert L., FV3057357. received by the Senate and appeared in the Wyrick, Carl A., FV3040329.· Zwack, Edward W., FV3058477. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD on July 27, 1967.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice _riots and violent civil disorders, and of several newspapers, that no one knew organized crime." As.sistance Act, 1967 . of Mr. Hall and that he passed away The enactment o! this blll came a week in Marion,_ S.C., his hometown which is after enactment o! a tough anti-riot act by located in my congressional district, in EXTENSION OF REMARKS the House, calling for a fine of $10,000 and a federal prison sentence of five years upon 1938. OF conviction of traveling across state lines to My administrative assistant, Major incite riots. McGee, and Mr. Clayton Gasque, who HON. JOE L. EVINS These measures form a pattern of Congres­ OF TENNESSEE is staff director with the District Com­ sional action and reaction not only to this mittee, are both acquainted with Mr. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES summer's riots and insurrections in some Hall and knew of his part-time work Monday, August 14, 1967 of our major cities but also to the increasing incidence of crime and lawlessness. with me here in my office on two occa­ Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speak­ As enacted by the Congress, the· measure sions. er, in view of the interest of·the general ·will provide for grants based on population This information was given to .a public in the Anticrime Act and the re­ to local law enforcement agencies through Washington Post reporter before Jack cently passed ·Law Enforcement and state law enforcement planning agencies for -Anderson sent this unadulterated lie to training and purchase of equipment-and for the newspapers. Criminal Justice Assistance Act, I includ~ ·a National Institute to train police office:rs. in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD my news­ This institute will be patterned after the ~ _Mr. Hall was born in Marion, S.C., letter on this subject. FBI A~adezny for police officers but ylill be November 25, 1900, and on sever.al oc­ The newsletter follows: independent and separate from the Academy• . casions between 1939 and 1960, I assisted HOUSE OVERWHELMINGLY PASSES ACT To ASSIST States must adopt comprehensive crime plans . Mr. Hall in securing work with.several CITIES IN COMBATING CRIME, QUELLING to become eligible for the grantS. . private industries here in the city of RIOTS, AND MAINTAINING LAW AND ORDER This Anti-Crime Act and the previously · Washington. I employed him to assist (Capitol comment by JoE L. EVINS, Member passed Anti-Riot Act are now pending in the me on two oecasioris as a part-time of. Congress, Fourth District, Tennessee, Senate. worker in sending out material froni my August 14, 1967) · · · office. The exact dates were June 1943 The House this week passed a second meas­ until November of 1943 and June 1946 ure designed to assist local law enforcement ; Cori:ect Jack Anderson Intentional until Februa.rY1947. - · ·agencies in combatting crime and violenc~. This latest actfon will provide Federal assist­ Misrepresentation of Facts Mr. Hall was admitted to -the George ance in strengthening and building up lo- Washington General Hospital for a . cal police departments and law enforcement EXTENSION OF REMARKS hernia operation in 1957 and was again agencies. Called the Law Enforcement and OJ' admitted to the. George Washington Criminal Justice Assistance Act, this mea.S­ Hospital for treatment in 1959 and suf­ ure provides that funds will be administered HON. JOHN L. McMILLAN fered a heart attack in 1963. and allocated to local law enforcement agen- - OF ~UTH CAltOLINA cies by the governors of the states; Mr. Hall passed away at the rooming­ The .measure, recommended by President IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "house where he was· making his home, Johnson in his State of the Union Message -Monday, Auliust · 14, 1967 .2700 · 17th Street NW., Washington, to the Congress, will provide $75 million for D.C., on August 8, 1966. He was buried this fiscal year to ·~ssist in the training and Mr. McMILLAN. Mr. Speaker, I have equipment of local police departments and .been advised that Jack Anderson, who . at. Washington National Cemetery, 4101 other law enforcement agencies. works with Drew Pearson, has printed in

o God our Father,·as we rejoice in the Thou has called us in this age on ages ·SENATE gift· of another day, may its hours be telling. TUESDAY, A~G.U~T 15, 1967 ·:ma.de luminous by Thy presence, who art · In t~e crises of our times join us with the lig~t of all our ·seeing. In everything those, who across the waste and wilder­ The Senate met at i2 'o'clock meridian, ness of human hate and need, preparing _and· wa.S called to ordei:. by the :President we are called to face may we do our best the way of the Lord, thro-w up a high- pro tempore. _ ~and ·so_be worthy of our high calling. way for our God. ' · · The Cha.plain, Rev. Frederick Brown - Undergird· us with Thy might to ex­ As Thy servants in this temple of Harris, D.D., offered -the - ·following ercise the potent ministry to all the world democracy, give us courage and strength prayer: to which, in Thy providence, we believe for the vast task of social rebuilding that CXIII--1423-Part 17