Social Interaction Within a Series of Dance/Movement Therapy Modified Ce´Ilı´ Dance Sessions: a Group Case Study
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Social Interaction Within A Series Of Dance/Movement Therapy Modified Ce´ilı´ Dance Sessions: A Group Case Study A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Drexel University by Paige Lindsley Draper in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Creative Arts in Therapy: Dance/Movement Therapy June 2009 © Copyright (2009) Paige Lindsley Draper ii DEDICATIONS This work is dedicated to my parents, for their never-ending involvement in my personal and professional growth. You guys have always pushed me to follow my dreams. This work is also dedicated in memory of Dr. Dixie Durr: you were personally involved in preparing me to become a dance/movement therapist. You supported, encouraged, and challenged me when others were skeptical. You planted the seed that will continue to grow… iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the following people for their participation in this process: Ellen Schelly Hill for your enthusiastic encouragement and thoughtful advisement from the original idea to the finished project. Committee members Peggy Vogt and Dr. Miriam Giguere for your thoughtful feedback, suggestions, and encouragement. Study participants for your enthusiasm and effort, making the study an enjoyable and memorable experience. Virginia Austin for your guidance and involvement during the recruitment process and study sessions. Fellow DMT classmates for your contributions to data collection, piloting of a session, and constant listening and support through my frustrations. Teachers and supervisors for your guidance throughout my learning process. My Grandmother, Dr. Helen Draper for your endless editing from the very first draft to the final copy! My parents and sister for listening to my frustrations, providing endless support and encouragement, and sending much needed emergency packages of coffee! Diane Kinney and Gary Childs for your extensive help formatting and editing! Rob Tyson at the Drexel Instructional Media Services for your extra time and energy to make sure things went digital! John Heinzman and Dr. John Cullinane for your Irish dance expertise and advice. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... ix 1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................1 2. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .........................................................................5 2.1. Social Interaction ....................................................................................................5 2.1.1. Importance in Development ......................................................................5 2.1.2. Importance of Social Interaction in Mental Health ...................................7 2.1.3. Social Relations and Depression ...............................................................9 2.1.4. Current and Previous Research ...............................................................11 2.1.5. Social Support within Mental Health Treatment .....................................12 2.2. Dance and Healing ................................................................................................13 2.2.1. Aspects of Dance That Heal ....................................................................13 2.2.2. Dance and Community ............................................................................15 2.2.3. Social Dance and Spatial Formations ......................................................17 2.2.4. Physical, Social, and Emotional Benefits of Participation in Social Dance ......................................................................................................19 2.2.5. Dance/Movement Therapy and Influences of Cultural Dance ................23 2.3. Dance/Movement Therapy ...................................................................................24 2.3.1. History and Development ........................................................................24 2.3.2. Communal Aspects of DMT ...................................................................27 2.3.3. Healing Processes in DMT ......................................................................28 2.3.4. Touch in DMT .........................................................................................32 2.3.5. Stages of Group Development in DMT ..................................................34 2.3.6. Structure in DMT ....................................................................................36 2.3.7. Spatial Configurations in DMT ...............................................................37 v 2.3.8. Phases of Group Sessions ........................................................................39 2.4. Ce´ilı´ Dance .........................................................................................................40 2.4.1. History and Development ........................................................................40 2.4.2. Movement Analysis of Irish Dance .........................................................44 2.4.3. Benefits and Current Popularity of Irish Dance ......................................49 2.5. Movement Analysis ..............................................................................................51 2.5.1. History and Development ........................................................................51 2.5.2. Various Methods of Movement Analysis ................................................52 2.5.3. Various Movement Assessment Categories ............................................54 3. CHAPTER 3: METHODS .............................................................................................58 3.1. Design of the study ...............................................................................................58 3.2. Location of Study..................................................................................................58 3.3. Time Period for Study...........................................................................................58 3.4. Enrollment Information ........................................................................................58 3.5. Subject Type .........................................................................................................59 3.6. Subject Source ......................................................................................................59 3.7. Recruitment ...........................................................................................................59 3.7.1. Participant Inclusion Criteria ..................................................................60 3.7.2. Participant Exclusion Criteria .................................................................60 3.8. Investigational Methods and Procedures ..............................................................60 3.8.1. Structure of the Dance/Movement Therapy Modified Ce´ilı´ Dance Sessions ...................................................................................................60 3.9. Informed Consent .................................................................................................62 3.10. Data Collection ...................................................................................................63 3.10.1. Data Collection One ..............................................................................63 vi 3.10.2. Data Collection Two .............................................................................63 3.10.3. Data Collection Three ...........................................................................64 3.10.4. Data Storage ..........................................................................................64 3.10.5. Data Analysis ........................................................................................64 3.11. Operational Definitions of Terms, Concepts, Variables .....................................65 3.11.1. DMT Modified Ce´ilı´ Dance Session: .................................................65 3.11.2. Social Interaction: .................................................................................65 3.12. Possible Risks and Discomforts to Subjects .......................................................65 3.13. Special Precautions to Minimize Risks or Hazards ............................................66 4. CHAPTER 4: RESULTS ...............................................................................................67 4.1. Context of the DMT Modified Ce´ilı´ Dance Sessions ........................................67 4.2. Dance Style Analysis ............................................................................................69 4.2.1. General Impression .................................................................................70 4.2.2. Body ........................................................................................................70 4.2.3. Effort Qualities ........................................................................................70 4.2.4. Shape .......................................................................................................71 4.2.5. Space .......................................................................................................71 4.2.6. Interaction ................................................................................................71 4.3. Instructor/Researcher’s Observations and Experiences of Interactional Events ..72 4.3.1. Development of an Interactional Rhythm ...............................................79