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Plants-Derived Biomolecules As Potent Antiviral Phytomedicines: New Insights on Ethnobotanical Evidences Against Coronaviruses
plants Review Plants-Derived Biomolecules as Potent Antiviral Phytomedicines: New Insights on Ethnobotanical Evidences against Coronaviruses Arif Jamal Siddiqui 1,* , Corina Danciu 2,*, Syed Amir Ashraf 3 , Afrasim Moin 4 , Ritu Singh 5 , Mousa Alreshidi 1, Mitesh Patel 6 , Sadaf Jahan 7 , Sanjeev Kumar 8, Mulfi I. M. Alkhinjar 9, Riadh Badraoui 1,10,11 , Mejdi Snoussi 1,12 and Mohd Adnan 1 1 Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (M.A.); [email protected] (R.B.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (M.A.) 2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania 3 Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 4 Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 5 Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India; [email protected] 6 Bapalal Vaidya Botanical Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat 395007, India; [email protected] 7 Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma’ah 15341, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 8 Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, -
A Systematic Study of Boerhavia L. and Commicarpus Standl. (Nyctaginaceae) in Southern Africa
A systematic study of Boerhavia L. and Commicarpus Standl. (Nyctaginaceae) in southern Africa M. Struwig (B.Sc; M. Env. Sc.) Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Philosophiae Doctor in Environmental Sciences at the Potchefstroom campus of the North-West University Supervisor: Prof. S.J. Siebert Co-supervisor: Dr. A. Jordaan Assistant supervisor: Prof. S. Barnard November 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I would like to thank my Heavenly Father for the opportunity and for the courage and strength to complete this study to the best of the abilities that He gave me. Very special thanks to Prof. S.J. Siebert for his endless patience, guidance and encouragement. I would like to thank the following persons and institutions: Dr. A. Jordaan and Prof. S. Barnard for their guidance and assistance with the morphological, anatomical, palynological and molecular work Mr L. Meyer and Ms E. Klaassen (WIND) for their assistance with fieldwork in Namibia (2009 & 2010) Prof. A.E. van Wyk for teaching me the methodology of acetolizing pollen The curators of the following herbaria for access to their Nyctaginaceae collection: BLFU, BOL, GRA, J, KMG, KSAN, NH, NMB, NU, PRE, PRU, PUC, UCBG, UNIN, WIND and ZULU Dr. L.R. Tiedt and Ms W. Pretorius at the Laboratory of Electron Microscopy of the North- West University for technical assistance and guidance with the SEM, TEM and light microscopic work Ms M.J. du Toit for assistance with the maps Prof. L. du Preez for the use of the African Amphibian Conservation Research Group’s microscope DNA Sequencer of the Central Analytical Facilities, Stellenbosch University for the DNA sequencing laboratory work Dr. -
December 2012 Number 1
Calochortiana December 2012 Number 1 December 2012 Number 1 CONTENTS Proceedings of the Fifth South- western Rare and Endangered Plant Conference Calochortiana, a new publication of the Utah Native Plant Society . 3 The Fifth Southwestern Rare and En- dangered Plant Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah, March 2009 . 3 Abstracts of presentations and posters not submitted for the proceedings . 4 Southwestern cienegas: Rare habitats for endangered wetland plants. Robert Sivinski . 17 A new look at ranking plant rarity for conservation purposes, with an em- phasis on the flora of the American Southwest. John R. Spence . 25 The contribution of Cedar Breaks Na- tional Monument to the conservation of vascular plant diversity in Utah. Walter Fertig and Douglas N. Rey- nolds . 35 Studying the seed bank dynamics of rare plants. Susan Meyer . 46 East meets west: Rare desert Alliums in Arizona. John L. Anderson . 56 Calochortus nuttallii (Sego lily), Spatial patterns of endemic plant spe- state flower of Utah. By Kaye cies of the Colorado Plateau. Crystal Thorne. Krause . 63 Continued on page 2 Copyright 2012 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights Reserved. Utah Native Plant Society Utah Native Plant Society, PO Box 520041, Salt Lake Copyright 2012 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights City, Utah, 84152-0041. www.unps.org Reserved. Calochortiana is a publication of the Utah Native Plant Society, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organi- Editor: Walter Fertig ([email protected]), zation dedicated to conserving and promoting steward- Editorial Committee: Walter Fertig, Mindy Wheeler, ship of our native plants. Leila Shultz, and Susan Meyer CONTENTS, continued Biogeography of rare plants of the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada. -
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activity of Boerhavia Erecta
WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Shareef et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences SJIF Impact Factor 6.647 Volume 6, Issue 8, 2235-2243 Research Article ISSN 2278 – 4357 PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BOERHAVIA ERECTA Ayushi Gupta, Ismail Shareef M.*, Gopinath S. M. and Sonia Gupta Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India. Article Received on ABSTRACT 15 June 2017, The objective of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical Revised on 05 July 2017, Accepted on 26 July 2017 constituents and antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of dried DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20178-9901 whole plant of medicinal important herbs of Boerhavia erecta utilized in our daily routine in the form of vegetables. Qualitative analysis of phytochemical constituents are carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids, *Corresponding Author Dr. Ismail Shareef M. tannins, saponins, alkaloids, phenolics, ferric chloride, etc. was Department of performed by well-known tests protocol available in the literature. The Biotechnology, Acharya phytochemical screening was revealed the extract richness in Institute of Technology, carbohydrates, glycosides and ferric chloride. The antimicrobial Bangalore, India. activity was determined in the extract by using ZOI and MIC. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of extract on different concentration (2000, 1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5 µg/ml) of Boerhavia erecta were tested against 2 Gram-positive bacteria- Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans; 2 Gram-negative bacteria- Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and two Fungal strains- Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. ZOI and MIC were compared with an antibiotic Ciprofloxacin as a standard. The results showed that the remarkable inhibition was shown against only Gram- negative bacteria in both ZOI and MIC. -
ASHY DOGWEED (Thymophylla [=Dyssodia] Tephroleuca)
ASHY DOGWEED (Thymophylla [=Dyssodia] tephroleuca) 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation Photograph: Chris Best, USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Corpus Christi Ecological Services Field Office Corpus Christi, Texas September 2011 1 FIVE YEAR REVIEW Ashy dogweed/Thymophylla tephroleuca Blake 1.0 GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1 Reviewers Lead Regional Office: Southwest Regional Office, Region 2 Susan Jacobsen, Chief, Threatened and Endangered Species, 505-248-6641 Wendy Brown, Endangered Species Recovery Coordinator, 505-248-6664 Julie McIntyre, Recovery Biologist, 505-248-6507 Lead Field Office: Corpus Christi Ecological Services Field Office Robyn Cobb, Fish and Wildlife Biologist, 361- 994-9005, ext. 241 Amber Miller, Fish and Wildlife Biologist, 361-994-9005, ext. 247 Cooperating Field Office: Austin Ecological Services Field Office Chris Best, Texas State Botanist, 512- 490-0057, ext. 225 1.2 Purpose of 5-Year Reviews: The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service or USFWS) is required by section 4(c)(2) of the Endangered Species Act (Act) to conduct a status review of each listed species once every five years. The purpose of a 5-year review is to evaluate whether or not the species’ status has changed since it was listed (or since the most recent 5-year review). Based on the 5-year review, we recommend whether the species should be removed from the list of endangered and threatened species, be changed in status from endangered to threatened, or be changed in status from threatened to endangered. Our original listing as endangered or threatened is based on the species’ status considering the five threat factors described in section 4(a)(1) of the Act. -
Floristic Surveys of Saguaro National Park Protected Natural Areas
Floristic Surveys of Saguaro National Park Protected Natural Areas William L. Halvorson and Brooke S. Gebow, editors Technical Report No. 68 United States Geological Survey Sonoran Desert Field Station The University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona USGS Sonoran Desert Field Station The University of Arizona, Tucson The Sonoran Desert Field Station (SDFS) at The University of Arizona is a unit of the USGS Western Ecological Research Center (WERC). It was originally established as a National Park Service Cooperative Park Studies Unit (CPSU) in 1973 with a research staff and ties to The University of Arizona. Transferred to the USGS Biological Resources Division in 1996, the SDFS continues the CPSU mission of providing scientific data (1) to assist U.S. Department of Interior land management agencies within Arizona and (2) to foster cooperation among all parties overseeing sensitive natural and cultural resources in the region. It also is charged with making its data resources and researchers available to the interested public. Seventeen such field stations in California, Arizona, and Nevada carry out WERC’s work. The SDFS provides a multi-disciplinary approach to studies in natural and cultural sciences. Principal cooperators include the School of Renewable Natural Resources and the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at The University of Arizona. Unit scientists also hold faculty or research associate appointments at the university. The Technical Report series distributes information relevant to high priority regional resource management needs. The series presents detailed accounts of study design, methods, results, and applications possibly not accommodated in the formal scientific literature. Technical Reports follow SDFS guidelines and are subject to peer review and editing. -
Boerhavia Dominii Click on Images to Enlarge
Species information Abo ut Reso urces Hom e A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Boerhavia dominii Click on images to enlarge Family Nyctaginaceae Scientific Name Boerhavia dominii Meikle & Hewson Hewson, H.J. & Meikle, R.D. in George, A.S. (1984) Flora of Australia 4: 9, 318. Type: Kangaroo Hills Stn, Qld, 2 Apr. 1965, M. Lazarides 7122; holo: CANB. Flowers. Copyright R.L. Barrett Common name Tarvine Stem Prostrate to trailing herb with stems up to 80 cm long; leafy stems glabrous or clothed in glandular hairs. Leaves Flowers. Copyright R.L. Barrett Leaves lanceolate to broadly ovate; lamina 10-40 x 5-10 mm, petioles up to 3 cm long. Both surfaces clothed in numerous reddish glandular hairs. Flowers Inflorescence an axillary and terminal umbel, sometimes a glomerule; peduncle stout, 2-16 cm, mostly 4-5 cm long. Flowers pedicelllate or sessile, pedicels up to 10 mm long, slender. Perianth base glandular in furrows; upper part campanulate, 1-2 mm long, white, pink or mauve, corolla absent, calyx petaloid. Stamens 2-4, 1-2 mm long. Style not exceeding the stamens. Fruit Fruit fusiform, 3-4 x 1-1.5 mm, glandular hairy, mucous; ribs 5; furrows usually densely glandular hairy. Seed Flower buds. Copyright R.L. Barrett with 3 low lengthwise ridges. Testa smooth. Seedlings Features not available. Distribution and Ecology Occurs in the WA, NT, CYP, NEQ, CEQ and southwards to Victoria and South Australia. Altitudinal range from near sea level to 580 m. -
Atlas of Pollen and Plants Used by Bees
AtlasAtlas ofof pollenpollen andand plantsplants usedused byby beesbees Cláudia Inês da Silva Jefferson Nunes Radaeski Mariana Victorino Nicolosi Arena Soraia Girardi Bauermann (organizadores) Atlas of pollen and plants used by bees Cláudia Inês da Silva Jefferson Nunes Radaeski Mariana Victorino Nicolosi Arena Soraia Girardi Bauermann (orgs.) Atlas of pollen and plants used by bees 1st Edition Rio Claro-SP 2020 'DGRV,QWHUQDFLRQDLVGH&DWDORJD©¥RQD3XEOLFD©¥R &,3 /XPRV$VVHVVRULD(GLWRULDO %LEOLRWHF£ULD3ULVFLOD3HQD0DFKDGR&5% $$WODVRISROOHQDQGSODQWVXVHGE\EHHV>UHFXUVR HOHWU¶QLFR@RUJV&O£XGLD,Q¬VGD6LOYD>HW DO@——HG——5LR&ODUR&,6(22 'DGRVHOHWU¶QLFRV SGI ,QFOXLELEOLRJUDILD ,6%12 3DOLQRORJLD&DW£ORJRV$EHOKDV3µOHQ– 0RUIRORJLD(FRORJLD,6LOYD&O£XGLD,Q¬VGD,, 5DGDHVNL-HIIHUVRQ1XQHV,,,$UHQD0DULDQD9LFWRULQR 1LFRORVL,9%DXHUPDQQ6RUDLD*LUDUGL9&RQVXOWRULD ,QWHOLJHQWHHP6HUYL©RV(FRVVLVWHPLFRV &,6( 9,7¯WXOR &'' Las comunidades vegetales son componentes principales de los ecosistemas terrestres de las cuales dependen numerosos grupos de organismos para su supervi- vencia. Entre ellos, las abejas constituyen un eslabón esencial en la polinización de angiospermas que durante millones de años desarrollaron estrategias cada vez más específicas para atraerlas. De esta forma se establece una relación muy fuerte entre am- bos, planta-polinizador, y cuanto mayor es la especialización, tal como sucede en un gran número de especies de orquídeas y cactáceas entre otros grupos, ésta se torna más vulnerable ante cambios ambientales naturales o producidos por el hombre. De esta forma, el estudio de este tipo de interacciones resulta cada vez más importante en vista del incremento de áreas perturbadas o modificadas de manera antrópica en las cuales la fauna y flora queda expuesta a adaptarse a las nuevas condiciones o desaparecer. -
Vascular Flora of West Clear Creek Wilderness, Coconino and Yavapai
VASCULAR FLORA OF WEST CLEAR CREEK WILDERNESS, COCONINO AND YAVAPAI COUNTIES, ARIZONA By Wendy C. McBride A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology Northern Arizona University May 2016 Approved: Tina J. Ayers, Ph.D., Chair Randall W. Scott, Ph.D. Liza M. Holeski, Ph.D. ABSTRACT VASCULAR FLORA OF WEST CLEAR CREEK WILDERNESS, COCONINO AND YAVAPAI COUNTIES, ARIZONA WENDY C. MCBRIDE West Clear Creek Wilderness bisects the Mogollon Rim in Arizona, and is nested between the Colorado Plateau and Basin and Range physiographic provinces. Between 2013 and 2016, a floristic inventory vouchered 542 taxa and reviewed 428 previous collections to produce a total plant inventory of 594 taxa from 93 families and 332 genera. The most species rich families Were Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Rosaceae, Plantaginaceae, Cyperaceae, and Polygonaceae. Carex, Erigeron, Bromus, Muhlenbergia, and Oenothera Were the most represented genera. Nonnative taxa accounted for seven percent of the total flora. Stachys albens was vouchered as a new state record for Arizona. New county records include Graptopetalum rusbyi (Coconino), Pseudognaphalium pringlei (Coconino), Phaseolus pedicellatus var. grayanus (Coconino), and Quercus rugosa (Coconino and Yavapai). This study quantified and contrasted native species diversity in canyon versus non- canyon floras across the Southwest. Analyses based on eighteen floras indicate that those centered about a major canyon feature shoW greater diversity than non-canyon floras. Regression models revealed that presence of a canyon Was a better predictor of similarity between floras than was the distance betWeen them. This study documents the remarkable diversity found Within canyon systems and the critical, yet varied, habitat they provide in the southwestern U.S. -
Nectaries, Nectar and Flower Visitors in Nyctaginaceae from Southern South
bs_bs_banner Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 171, 551–567. With 4 figures Four o’clock pollination biology: nectaries, nectar and flower visitors in Nyctaginaceae from southern South America MARÍA J. NORES1*†, HERNÁN A. LÓPEZ1†, PAULA J. RUDALL2, ANA M. ANTON1 and LEONARDO GALETTO1 1Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET – Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina 2Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK Received 23 February 2012; revised 23 September 2012; accepted for publication 12 November 2012 Floral nectary structure and nectar sugar composition were investigated in relation to other floral traits and flower visitors in contrasting species of Nyctaginaceae from southern South America, representing four tribes (Bougain- villeeae, Colignonieae, Nyctagineae, Pisoneae). Our comparative data will aid in the understanding of plant– pollinator interactions and in the development of hypotheses on the origin of floral and reproductive characters in this family. The nectaries are located on the inner side of the staminal tube. The nectariferous tissue is composed of an epidermis and three to ten layers of secretory parenchymal cells, supplied indirectly by the filament vascular bundles. Stomata appear to be associated with nectar secretion. For the first time in Nyctaginaceae, nectary ultrastructure is described in Boerhavia diffusa var. leiocarpa. Nectary parenchyma cells are densely cytoplasmic and contain numerous starch grains. Plasmodesmata connect the nectariferous cells. Flowers of Nyctaginaceae secrete a small volume of nectar of variable concentration (10–47%). Nectar is dominated by hexoses, but Mirabilis jalapa showed a balanced proportion of sucrose and hexoses. Hymenoptera are the most common visitors for most species; nocturnal Lepidoptera are the most common visitors for M. -
The C4 Plant Lineages of Planet Earth
Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 62, No. 9, pp. 3155–3169, 2011 doi:10.1093/jxb/err048 Advance Access publication 16 March, 2011 REVIEW PAPER The C4 plant lineages of planet Earth Rowan F. Sage1,*, Pascal-Antoine Christin2 and Erika J. Edwards2 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S3B2 Canada 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 80 Waterman St., Providence, RI 02912, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected] Received 30 November 2010; Revised 1 February 2011; Accepted 2 February 2011 Abstract Using isotopic screens, phylogenetic assessments, and 45 years of physiological data, it is now possible to identify most of the evolutionary lineages expressing the C4 photosynthetic pathway. Here, 62 recognizable lineages of C4 photosynthesis are listed. Thirty-six lineages (60%) occur in the eudicots. Monocots account for 26 lineages, with a Downloaded from minimum of 18 lineages being present in the grass family and six in the sedge family. Species exhibiting the C3–C4 intermediate type of photosynthesis correspond to 21 lineages. Of these, 9 are not immediately associated with any C4 lineage, indicating that they did not share common C3–C4 ancestors with C4 species and are instead an independent line. The geographic centre of origin for 47 of the lineages could be estimated. These centres tend to jxb.oxfordjournals.org cluster in areas corresponding to what are now arid to semi-arid regions of southwestern North America, south- central South America, central Asia, northeastern and southern Africa, and inland Australia. -
Table E-1. Vegetation Species Found on Wake Atoll
Table E-1. Vegetation Species Found on Wake Atoll Scientific Name Common Name Abutilon albescens Sweet monkeybush Abutilon asiaticum var. albescens Indian mallow Agave americana American century plant Agave angustifolia century plant Agave sisalana Sisal Agave sp. agave sp. Aglaonema commutatum Aglaonema Allium cepa Onion Allium fistulosum Green onion Allium sp. Onion sp. Allium tuberosum Chinese chive Aloe vera Aloe Alpinia galanga Greater galangal Alpinia purpurata Pink ginger; Jungle Queen Amaranthus dubius Spleen amaranth Amaranthus graecizans Tumbleweed Amaranthus tricolor Joseph′s coat Amaranthus viridis Slender amaranth Ananas comosus Pineapple Anethum graveolens Dill Annona muricata Soursop Annona squamosa Sweetsop Apium petroselinum Garden parsley Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk Island pine Asparagus densiflorus Sprenger asparagus fern Asplenium nidus Bird’s-nest fern Barringtonia asiatica Fish poison tree Bauhinia sp. Camel’s foot tree Bidens alba white beggar-ticks Bidens pilosa var. minor Beggar-ticks Boerhavia albiflora var. powelliae -- Boerhavia diffusa Red Spiderling Boerhavia repens anena Boerhavia sp. Spiderling sp. Bothriochloa pertusa Indian blue grass Bougainvillea spectabilis bougainvillea Brassica nigra Mustard Brassica oleracea var. italica Brocolli Caesalpinia bonduc Grey nickers Caladium bicolor Caladium Calotropis gigantea Crown flower Capsicum frutescens Cayenne pepper Capsicum annuum chili pepper Table E-1. Vegetation Species Found on Wake Atoll Scientific Name Common Name Carica papaya Papaya Casuarina equisetifolia