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Archaeological Data on the Foundation of Megara Hyblaea. Certainties and Hypotheses Henri Treziny

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Archaeological Data on the Foundation of Megara Hyblaea. Certainties and Hypotheses Henri Treziny Archaeological data on the foundation of Megara Hyblaea. Certainties and hypotheses Henri Treziny To cite this version: Henri Treziny. Archaeological data on the foundation of Megara Hyblaea. Certainties and hypotheses . DONNELAN L.; NIZZO V.; BURGERS G.-J. Conceptualising early Colonisation, Brepols, pp.167- 178, 2016, 978-90-74461-82-5. halshs-01434820 HAL Id: halshs-01434820 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01434820 Submitted on 13 Jan 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. C onceptualising early Colonisation L ieve Donnellan, ed. Valentino Nizzo Gert-Jan Burgers B ruxelles - Brussel - Roma Belgisch Historisch Instituut te Rome Institut Historique Belge de Rome Istituto Storico Belga di Roma 2016 98110_Donnellan_voorwerk.indd 3 17/03/16 09:45 © 2016 IHBR - BHIR No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means without written permission of the copyright owner. D/2016/351/2 ISBN 978-90-74461-82-5 98110_Donnellan_voorwerk.indd 4 17/03/16 09:45 Table of content Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................... 7 L. Donnellan & V. Nizzo, Conceptualising early Greek colonisation. Introduction to the volume ... 9 R. Osborne, Greek ‘colonisation’: what was, and what is, at stake? .............................................. 21 I. Malkin, Greek colonisation: The Right to Return ....................................................................... 27 J. Hall, Quanto c’è di “greco” nella “colonizzazione greca”? ............................................................ 51 A. Esposito & A. Pollini, Postcolonialism from America to Magna Graecia............................... 61 G. Saltini Semerari, Greek-Indigenous intermarriage: a gendered perspective .......................... 77 R. Étienne, Connectivité et croissance : deux clés pour le VIII e s.? ................................................ 89 F. De Angelis, E pluribus unum: The Multiplicity of Models ........................................................ 97 V. Nizzo, Tempus fugit. Datare e interpretare la “prima colonizzazione”: una riflessione “retro- spettiva” e “prospettiva” su cronologie, culture e contesti .................................................................. 105 M. Cuozzo & C. Pellegrino, Culture meticce, identità etnica, dinamiche di conservatorismo e resistenza: questioni teoriche e casi di studio dalla Campania ..................................................... 117 O. Morris, Indigenous networks, hierarchies of connectivity and early colonisation in Iron Age Campania ........................................................................................................................................... 137 L. Donnellan, A networked view on ‘Euboean’ colonisation ........................................................ 149 H. Tréziny, Archaeological data on the foundation of Megara Hyblaea. Certainties and hypo- theses ................................................................................................................................................... 167 F. Frisone, ‘Sistemi’ coloniali e definizioni identitarie: le ‘colonie sorelle’ della Sicilia orientale e della Calabria meridionale ............................................................................................................. 179 E. Greco, Su alcune analogie (strutturali?) nell’organizzazione dello spazio : il caso delle città achee ....................................................................................................................................................... 197 D. Yntema, Greek groups in southeast Italy during the Iron Age ................................................... 209 G.-J. Burgers & J.P. Crielaard, The Migrant’s Identity. ‘Greeks’ and ‘Natives’ at L’Amastuola, Southern Italy ........................................................................................................................................ 225 P.G. Guzzo, Osservazioni finali ......................................................................................................... 239 M. Gras, Observations finales .......................................................................................................... 243 98110_Donnellan_voorwerk.indd 5 17/03/16 09:45 Archaeological data on the foundation of Megara Hyblaea. Certainties and hypotheses Henri Tréziny Le texte est un résumé des principaux kilometres to the North of Syracuse, on a apports des publications des fouilles de coastal site, almost completely flat. According Mégara Hyblaea, revus à la lumière de travaux to the literary sources, the Megarians settled on récents encore inédits. Le plan d’urbanisme de fields given to them by the Sicule king Hyblon. MH est structuré sur deux grandes rues Est- Rather than in Pantalica, as suggested by Ouest, A et B, dont nous savons aujourd’hui L. Bernabò Brea, we think today that king qu’elles sont parfaitement rectilignes de Hyblon and the Hyblaioi resided in Villas- l’Agora à la fortification occidentale. Aucune mundo, less than 10 km to the Northwest of des deux ne semble directement en relation Megara Hyblaea. The site contains a fortified avec la porte Ouest. Les lots (oikopeda) sur les- village from the end of the Neolithic Age, quels sont construites les maisons sont à peu excavated by P. Orsi, then by G. Vallet and Fr. près égaux. La mise en place du plan d’urba- Villard, and more widespread traces of occupa- nisme est un acte cohérent, qui comprend tion from the Eneolithic period and the Bronze aussi l’agora et se date vers la fin du VIIIe s. Age. But the Megarian plateau did not seem to même si la documentation archéologique est be occupied at the time of the Greeks’ arrival.1 encore très partielle pour la moitié Ouest du Delineated in the North by the valley of site. On suppose dans la deuxième moitié du the Cantera river and in the South by the tor- VIIIe s. une phase préalable à la mise en place rent of the « small San Cusmano », the site is a du plan, que l’on appelle « phase des campe- vast limestone plateau of triangular shape. It is ments ». L’espace urbain est séparé du terri- divided on the sea side by a central depression, toire (chora) par une fortification construite the Arenella, in two parts, called convention- entre la fin du VIIIe et le milieu du VIIe s. av. ally “Northern plateau” and “Southern plateau”, J.-C. Dans la chora, les tombes les plus but both plateaus are united in the Western anciennes (deuxième moitié du VIIIe s.) part (fig. 1). semblent déjà occuper l’emplacement des After the work of F.S. Cavallari and P. Orsi nécropoles archaïques. at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th centuries (fortification, necropolis, sanctuary), the archaeological exploration of Megara Hyblaea was founded, according the city and of its necropolis only resumed to Thucydides around 728 BC, some twenty in 1949 with the intervention of the École 1 Recent overview in Tréziny, ‘Grecs et Indigènes’. Book 1.indb 167 17/03/16 10:02 168 henri tréziny CANTERA VALLEY 5 5 10 10 15 HARBOUR ? 10 North-West 15 Sanctuary West Necropolis street A street A 5 AGORA streets E streets C streets E streets D NORTHERN PLATEAU 10 street B street B C1 D1 10 5 J 15 ARENELLA 10 5 10 SOUTHERN PLATEAU 10 9 8 7 5 6 0 200m 5 South 4 3 2 Necropolis 1 10 10 Fig. 1: The street network of Megara Hybleae. In green, excavated areas, in red Neolithic ditch. Both circles indicate the changes in orientations of the streets A and B française de Rome, in collaboration with the In the wake of the archaeological publica- Soprin tendenza archeologica per la Sicilia Ori- tions of Georges Vallet and François Villard, entale. Megara Hyblaea is, with Naxos and and in particular the monumental Megara Heloros, one of the rare Sicilian cities from the Hyblaea 1 published in 1976, with architect end of 8th century which has not been covered Paul Auberson, the field researches have been by a modern town, and the only one which has limited to a series of drillings in the central been explored archaeologically fairly exten- depression2 and on the Southern plateau.3 sively. It still constitutes today a unique case. Other work in 2005-2006, still unpublished, 2 Vallet, Voza, 1990-1992, unpublished. 3 Gras, Tréziny and Broise, 1978-1983, published in 2004 in Gras et al., Megara Hyblaea 5, where a complete history of the researches can be found. Book 1.indb 168 17/03/16 10:02 archaeological data on the foundation of megara hyblaea 169 concerned the Cantera lighthouse in the North- street A is absolutely rectilinear towards the east angle of the Archaic and Hellenistic city (L. West from its crossroad with the street D1, at Guzzardi), the West gate of the Archaic ram- the Northeast angle of the Agora, up to the part (H. Tréziny), the Northwest angle of the archaic fortification, at the North of tower nr 3 Archaic city (M. Musumeci). Geophysical of the excavations of Cavallari.
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