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The Appreciation of Storybending an Exploration of Reviewing Practices in Online Avatar Fan Fiction

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The Appreciation of Storybending an Exploration of Reviewing Practices in Online Avatar Fan Fiction The Appreciation of Storybending An Exploration of Reviewing Practices in Online Avatar Fan Fiction Master thesis Arts and Culture Studies: Children’s Literature School of Humanities Tilburg University Rincke de Bont ANR: 284541 Supervisors Dr. S.J. Lehtonen Prof. Dr. W.L.H. van Lierop Drs. A.W.M. Duijx Tilburg, September 2014 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................................ 4 Chapter 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Chapter 2. Theorizing fan fiction and the appreciation of the arts ....................................................................... 11 2.1. Fandom: the definitions .................................................................................................................................... 11 2.2. Quality .............................................................................................................................................................. 15 2.3. Reviews and the fan fiction system .................................................................................................................. 19 2.4. Fan activism in Avatar ..................................................................................................................................... 23 Chapter 3. Methodology ............................................................................................................................................ 25 3.1. Research problems and questions ..................................................................................................................... 25 3.2. Data: choosing a canon .................................................................................................................................... 25 3.3. Model for analysis ............................................................................................................................................ 29 3.3.1. Useful theories: Black, Krikhaar & Ros.................................................................................................... 29 3.3.2. Model for analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 33 Chapter 4. Data analysis ........................................................................................................................................... 39 4.1. Two stories, thousands of reviews.................................................................................................................... 39 4.1.1. Stormbenders ............................................................................................................................................ 39 4.1.2. His Majesty Prefers Blue .......................................................................................................................... 40 4.2. Data analysis .................................................................................................................................................... 41 4.2.1. Close reading ............................................................................................................................................ 41 4.2.2. Reviews in general .................................................................................................................................... 46 Chapter 5. Conclusion and further discussion ........................................................................................................ 54 5.1. Answering the research question ...................................................................................................................... 54 5.2. Discussion and conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 56 Literature & References............................................................................................................................................ 58 Appendix 1 ................................................................................................................................................................. 62 Appendix 2 ................................................................................................................................................................. 73 2 Acknowledgements A little over four years ago I started my life as a University student. After completing my bachelor’s degree in Cultural Sciences, I decided to stay in Tilburg to pursuit a master’s degree in Children’s Literature. Unsure if I had made the right choice, I was pleasantly surprised at how much I enjoyed the following year. Through the master’s program I rediscovered my love for children’s literature and developed my skills and abilities. After several courses, a short internship, a mountain of papers and many extracurricular activities, it was time to finish up my master’s thesis. After nine months of hard work I am very happy to deliver this thesis, which I hope you will read with the same amount of enjoyment with which I wrote it. Without the assistance and support of several people, this thesis would not have been realized. Therefore, I would like to take the opportunity to thank a couple of individuals. First of all, Sanna, without whom I could not have written this thesis. You made it possible for me to write a thesis on such an interesting topic. Thank you for your guidance, dedication, corrections and the lovely conversations on various subjects. Your input kept me sharp and motivated during the time you were able to supervise me. Second, I would like to thank Helma, whose guidance was very valuable throughout the final stages of my thesis. A new and fresh perspective is always helpful and your insights and corrections really helped me improve my texts. I also want to thank Toin for co-reading this thesis. Also, thank you for introducing me to the world of critiques and reviewing, which helped me decide on the topic of this thesis. Some people I would also like to thank: all my fellow students in the master for the great discussions and drinks, Sanneke and Milenka in particular, with whom I spent many hours sparring over our thesis contents and over coffee. Diana, for her input and valued friendship. The Dante Building on campus and all the lovely students and staff it inhabits: without you I would have lost my sanity. My dear parents, who have supported me tremendously and have always encouraged me to follow my dreams, no matter how crazy they were. You made me the person I am today, obsessed with literature, music, television and pop culture. My brother and sister for their support, which transcends various countries and continents. Toby, thank you for all your love, support and critical eye. You gave me a shoulder to lean on, to cry on and to punch during dire times. 3 Abstract This study analyzes the appreciation of fan fiction expressed by reviewers. Reviewing is a central element in online fan fiction, where written fan fiction stories receive thousands of comments from readers. Fan fiction studies have emerged the last decade, focusing on literacy and language learning or identity and gender, but not so much on reviewing practices, especially not in combination with argumentation in fan fiction reviews, which is the focus of this study. This study analyses the use of arguments in fan fiction reviews and how the overall patterning and structure of these reviews tie in with this use of arguments. Key theoretical issues in this study are a conceptualization of fan communities, fan fiction and fan activity, different approaches to and definitions of quality and the appreciation of arts and literature, and reviewing practices in the literary world and the world of online fan fiction. The model for analysis consists of elements for close reading and a reading of the reviews in general. This model is applied to 100 reviews for two fan fiction stories, Stormbenders (2008) and His Majesty Prefers Blue (2010), written about the animated television series Avatar: the Last Airbender. The model is based on theories on systematical close reading where every sentence is analyzed for the use of an argument. These arguments are categorized within seven categories, including various subdivisions. The reviews in general are also categorized as belonging to a certain type, according to whether a reviewer is merely praising, kindly constructing, specifically correcting or simply gossiping. The analysis shows that the reviews tended to be long and in-depth, but were mostly overly praising and positive and/or either very specific and constructive. It turned out, however, that the four review types designed to categorize the reviews were difficult to apply at times. Analysis of the use of arguments showed that fans mostly appreciated the story in relation to the original narrative, praising the portrayal of characters and settings, and appreciated the story as an autonomous phenomenon, praising the use of language and structure. Other findings were that each review was unique in its recognition and appreciation of textual features
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