The Deep Ocean Reef Relief Coral Camp DEEP OCEAN: How much do we know?
● 95% of Earth’s oceans remain unexplored ● Most unexplored areas are below 200 meters ● We know more about the moon than we do about the deep ocean ● 17 fish, 6 sea slug, 4 eel, and 2 coral species were discovered in 2019 alone DEEP OCEAN: Ocean Zones ● Different scientists divide ocean zones differently, depending on their goals
○ Marine biologists
○ Marine geologists ● Water depth determines what kind of creatures can live in different parts of the ocean ○ Sunlight ○ Pressure DEEP OCEAN: Ocean Zones
● Water depth
○ The Photic Zone
○ The Aphotic Zone
○ The Abyssal Zone DEEP OCEAN: DEEP DIVER SPECIES
● Emperor Penguin ● Leatherback Turtle ● Sperm Whale
○ 1,745 ft ○ 4,200 ft ○ 10,00 ft DEEP OCEAN: DEEP DIVER SPECIES
● Cuvier’s Beaked Whale
○ 10,000 ft Saw sharks, 2020
Bubblegum coral, 2019
Eurthyenes plasticus, Elephant octopus, 2014 2020 Frilled shark Gulper Eel Munnopis Isopod
Squidworm Yeti Crab DEEP OCEAN: DEEP Creature
Characteristics● Large, extremely sensitive eyes
● Blindness, tiny eyes
● Huge mouths and teeth
● Red bodies
● Transparent bodies
● Lateral line sense organs
● Bioluminescence
Bioluminescence Video .48-1.30 DEEP OCEAN: DEEP Creature Characteristics● Bioluminescence ○ Organisms create their own light ○ One of the most common adaptations in the deep ocean ○ Found in bacteria, fish, starfish, jellyfish, sharks, cephalopods, etc. ○ Can be used to… ■ distract predators ■ lure prey ■ attract mates ■ signal alarm ■ One study by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute found that three quarters of animals off the coast of Monterey Bay, California were bioluminescent DEEP OCEAN: DEEP Creature Examples
Cockatoo Squid ● Galiteuthis phyllura
● Transparent
● Special cells for camouflage
● Predator cephalopod
● Encyclopedia of Life Entry DEEP OCEAN: DEEP Creature Examples
Whalefish ● Cetomimus hempeli
● Bright red
● Huge mouth
● Gender dimorphism: males “bignose
fish”
● Smithsonian on Whalefish DEEP OCEAN: DEEP Creature Examples Sea Sapphires ● Different subspecies
● Copepods
● Related to beetles
● Can become invisible using
special reflective cells
● Bioluminescent DEEP OCEAN: DEEP Creature Examples
Atolla Jellyfish ● Atolla wyvillei
● Red
● Sometimes called the “alarm
jellyfish”
● Releases bioluminescent liquid
into the water to call for
help/signal distress DEEP OCEAN: THE Earth’s DeepestDeep Sea Demonstration Point
Mariana Trench ● About 7 miles deep ● Subduction zone ● In the pacific, east of Japan ● Deepest point on Earth Challenger Deep
James Cameron ● Deep Sea Challenger Dive ○ 2012 ○ First person to dive 6.8 miles into the Mariana Trench ○ In 2019, a dive 7 miles deep into the Trench by Victor Viscovo found a plastic bag