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Three New Species of Ctenotus (Reptilia: Sauria: Scincidae)

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DOI: 10.18195/issn.0312-3162.25(2).2009.181-199 Records of the Western Australian Museum 25: 181–199 (2009). Three new species of Ctenotus (Reptilia: Sauria: Scincidae) from the Kimberley region of Western Australia, with comments on the status of Ctenotus decaneurus yampiensis Paul Horner Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, GPO Box 4646, Darwin, Northern Territory 0801, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract – Three new species of Ctenotus Storr, 1964 (Reptilia: Sauria: Scinci- dae), C. halysis sp. nov., C. mesotes sp. nov. and C. vagus sp. nov. are described. Previously confused with C. decaneurus Storr, 1970 or C. alacer Storr, 1970, C. halysis sp. nov. and C. vagus sp. nov. are members of the C. atlas species com- plex. Ctenotus mesotes sp. nov. was previously confused with C. tantillus Storr, 1975 and is a member of the C. schomburgkii species complex. The new taxa are terrestrial, occurring in woodland habitats on sandy soils in the Kimberley region of Western Australia and are distinguished from congeners by combi- nations of body patterns, mensural and meristic characteristics. Comments are provided on the taxonomic status of C. yampiensis Storr, 1975 which is considered, as in the original description, a subspecies of C. decaneurus. Re- descriptions of C. d. decaneurus and C. d. yampiensis are provided. Keywords – Ctenotus alacer, decaneurus, yampiensis, halysis, mesotes, tantillus, vagus, morphology, new species, Kimberley region, Western Australia INTRODUCTION by combinations of size, scale characteristics, body Ctenotus Storr, 1964 is the most species-rich genus colour and patterns. of scincid lizards in Australia, with almost 100 taxa recognised (Horner 2007; Wilson and Swan 2008). Examination of a series of Ctenotus specimens, They are distributed throughout the Australian from the Kimberley region of Western Australia, continent, with one species also occurring in identified three forms with unusual body southern New Guinea. patterns. Comparison of these to known species of similar appearance, investigating morphology With about 49 species recorded (Wilson and and nomenclatural histories, resulted in their Swan 2008), the Australian arid zone (up to 70% recognition as undescribed taxa. of the continent) is the primary centre of Ctenotus diversity. However it is becoming increasingly This paper, on morphological and distributional apparent that diversity may be just as great in grounds, describes those three taxa as new Australia’s wet-dry tropical savanna regions, where species and examines the taxonomic status of approximately 36 known species occur in what is populations referred to C. decaneurus Storr, 1970 about 15% of the continent. Throughout their range and C. yampiensis Storr, 1975. Comparisons are Ctenotus species are commonly sympatric (pers. made between the new taxa and those species with obs.), particularly in parts of the Great Victoria which they could be confused and features of their Desert in Western Australian where up to seven habitats are described, if known. species can be found in a single, Triodia dominated, sand plain (Pianka 1986). MATERIALS AND METHODS Typically diurnal, Ctenotus occupy a diverse A series of atypical Ctenotus specimens, held array of habitats, ranging from arid deserts to in collections of the Museum and Art Gallery of temperate woodlands. Many species exhibit a high the Northern Territory (NTM) and the Western degree of habitat specificity and may have very Australian Museum (WAM), were examined and restricted distributions (Horner 1995). Sharing a assigned to three undescribed species. A detailed basic body plan, Ctenotus species are differentiated morphometric and meristic analysis was made 182 P. Horner Table 1 Summary of mensural and meristic variables for Ctenotus alacer, C. d. decaneurus, C. d. yampiensis and C. haly- sis sp. nov. Presented are mean (± 1 SD), mode (meristics only) and range in parentheses. C. alacer C. d. decaneurus C. d. yampiensis C. halysis sp. nov. Character (n=10) (n=28) (n=4) (n=10) midbody scale rows 29.8 ± 1.03, 30 (28–32) 25.5 ± 1.29, 26 (24–28) 30.5 ± 1.29, 0 (29–32) 29.0 ± 1.15, 30 (27–30) paravertebral scales 67.9 ± 4.93, 70 (60–75) 58.5 ± 5.10, 55 (50–67) 59.0 ± 2.00, 60 (56–60) 59.6 ± 4.22, 59 (52–67) nuchal scales 7.7 ± 1.16, 9 (6–9) 8.1 ± 1.78, 8 (2–10) 7.0 ± 1.83, (5–9) 8.6 ± 1.07, 9 (6–10) supralabial scales 8.3 ± 0.48, 8 (8–9) 7.6 ± 0.49, 8 (7–8) 8.0 ± 0.00, 8 (8) 7.8 ± 0.42, 8 (7–8) infralabial scales 7.1 ± 0.32, 7 (7–8) 6.6 ± 0.49, 7 (6–7) 7.0 ± 0.00, 7 (7) 7.0 ± 0.00, 7 (7) supraciliary scales 7.1 ± 0.32, 7 (7–8) 8.2 ± 0.53, 8 (7–9) 8.0 ± 0.00, 8 (8) 8.0 ± 0.67, 8 (7–9) ciliary scales 10.0 ± 0.67, 10 (9–11) 9.4 ± 0.64, 9 (9–11) 10.7 ± 0.96, 10 (10–12) 10.8 ± 0.92, 10 (10–12) ear lobules 3.9 ± 0.74, 4 (3–5) 4.1 ± 0.63, 4 (3–5) 4.2 ± 0.50, 4 (4–5) 4.9 ± 0.74, 5 (4–6) subdigital lamellae (4th finger) 14.3 ± 0.67, 14 (13–15) 12.7 ± 1.04, 12 (11–15) 14.0 ± 0.82, 14 (13–15) 14.0 ± 0.82, 14 (13–15) supradigital lamellae (4th finger) 10.3 ± 0.48, 10 (10–11) 10.0 ± 0.66, 10 (9–11) 10.0 ± 0.00, 10 (10) 10.2 ± 0.42, 10 (10–11) subdigital lamellae (4th toe) 26.6 ± 2.07, 29 (23–29) 20.7 ± 1.69, 21 (18–23) 21.0 ± 1.41, 22 (19–22) 21.7 ± 1.06, 21 (20–23) supradigital lamellae (4th toe) 17.0 ± 1.41, 17 (15–20) 15.0 ± 1.19, 15 (13–17) 14.7 ± 1.26, 15 (13–16) 16.0 ± 1.25, 15 (15–18) snout-vent length (mm) 57.5 ± 5.32 (47.6–67.4) 45.1 ± 4.82 (35.3–54.5) 50.3 ± 1.92 (48.8–53.1) 52.7 ± 4.84 (44.9–58.5) body length (%svl) 53.7 ± 1.75 (51.5–57.5) 51.3 ± 2.47 (46.1–56.1) 51.4 ± 2.85 (48.4–54.8) 48.2 ± 3.55 (42.3–54.3) 195.3 ± 10.22 216.4 ± 20.28 205.7 ± 23.23 tail length (%svl) 0 (n=0) (188.1–202.5) (n=2) (183.1–251.1) (n=14) (181.1–231.0) (n=4) forelimb length (%svl) 29.7 ± 1.50 (27.0–32.4) 28.1 ± 2.36 (22.9–33.0) 29.0 ± 0.48 (28.3–29.4) 28.8 ± 2.16 (25.5–32.3) hindlimb length (%svl) 51.3 ± 3.49 (47.4–58.0) 43.4 ± 3.77 (34.7–49.8) 46.4 ± 2.41 (43.1–48.5) 46.7 ± 2.54 (42.3–50.0) forebody length (%svl) 38.4 ± 1.32 (36.1–40.5) 39.7 ± 1.93 (36.3–43.7) 39.3 ± 0.84 (38.1–40.1) 40.5 ± 2.28 (37.6–43.8) head length (%svl) 20.1 ± 1.05 (18.5–21.4) 20.2 ± 1.14 (18.1–22.4) 20.3 ± 0.42 (20.0–20.9) 20.8 ± 1.01 (19.3–22.3) head depth (%hl) 53.7 ± 4.65 (47.5–61.1) 47.3 ± 3.82 (39.8–58.9) 50.0 ± 5.77 (41.4–53.7) 50.3 ± 3.50 (45.8–57.0) head width (%hl) 64.6 ± 2.33 (60.7–67.6) 60.2 ± 2.85 (52.2–67.3) 63.9 ± 3.19 (61.3–68.4) 60.2 ± 2.31 (56.3–63.9) snout length (%hl) 42.8 ± 1.61 (41.0–45.9) 43.8 ± 2.24 (40.2–50.4) 44.5 ± 1.76 (42.7–46.6) 44.5 ± 2.74 (40.8–49.7) second 57% second 25% second 40% supraocular (largest) subequal 100% subequal 43% subequal 75% subequal 60% separated 90% contact 25% contact 50% contact 50% prefrontal (contact point) narrow contact 10% separated 75% separated 50% separated 50% narrow separation 80% contact 43% nasal (contact point) separated 100% separated 100% broad contact 20% separated 57% presubocular (presence) present 100% present 100% present 100% present 100% 6th labial 70% 5th labial 36% 5th labial 20% subocular (supralabial) 6th labial 100% 7th labial 30% 6th labial 64% 6th labial 80% upper 10% upper 61% ear lobule (largest) mid 100% mid 100% mid 90% mid 39% subdigital lamellae (condition) callose 100% callose 100% callose 100% callose 100% Three new species of Ctenotus 183 Table 2 Summary of mensural and meristic variables for Ctenotus vagus sp. nov., C. tantillus and C. mesotes sp. nov. Presented are mean (± 1 SD), mode (meristics only) and range in parentheses. C. vagus sp. nov. C. tantillus C. mesotes sp. nov. Character (n=2) (n=38) (n=11) midbody scale rows 26.0 ± 0.00, (26) 27.0 ± 1.33, 28 (24–28) 29.4 ± 1.29, 30 (28–32) paravertebral scales 59.0 ± 2.83, (57–61) 60.8 ± 3.45, 61 (53–68) 63.0 ± 3.32, 63 (57–68) nuchal scales 8.0 ± 0.00, (8) 7.8 ± 1.47, 8 (5–10) 7.2 ± 1.17, 6 (6–9) supralabial scales 8.0 ± 0.00, (8) 7.0 ± 0.16, 7 (7–8) 7.1 ± 0.30, 7 (7–8) infralabial scales 7.0 ± 0.00, (7) 6.6 ± 0.54, 7 (6–8) 6.0 ± 0.00, 6 (6) supraciliary scales 8.0 ± 0.00, (8) 7.9 ± 0.39, 8 (7–9) 8.1 ± 0.54, 8 (7–9) ciliary scales 9.5 ± 0.71, (9–10) 9.3 ± 0.75, 9 (8–11) 10.1 ± 0.54, 10 (9–11) ear lobules 4.0 ± 0.00, (4) 2.9 ± 0.52, 3 (2–4) 2.9 ± 0.30, 3 (2–3) subdigital lamellae (4th finger) 14.0 ± 0.00, (14) 12.7 ± 1.07, 12 (11–15) 13.6 ± 0.82, 14 (12–15) supradigital lamellae (4th finger) 10.0 ± 0.00, (10) 10.1 ± 0.49, 10 (9–11) 10.1 ± 0.70, 10 (9–11) subdigital lamellae (4th toe) 23.0 ± 1.41, (22–24) 22.0 ± 1.32, 22 (19–26) 22.4 ± 1.37, 22 (20–25) supradigital lamellae (4th toe) 15.5 ± 0.71, (15–16) 14.8 ± 1.14, 14 (12–17) 15.4 ± 0.93, 16 (14–17) snout-vent length (mm) 43.8 ± 0.01 (43.8–43.9) 39.2 ± 3.18 (32.5–46.4) 37.7 ± 4.67 (25.7–41.5) body length (%svl) 50.2 ± 2.98 (48.0–52.3) 53.5 ± 3.24 (46.2–60.2) 52.4 ± 2.01 (48.9–54.9) 246.5 ± 0.00 202.6 ± 15.53 211.3 ± 6.30 tail length (%svl) (246.5) (n=1) (167.1–230.8) (n=19) (206.8–218.5) (n=3) forelimb length (%svl) 30.8 ± 0.44 (30.5–31.2) 28.4 ± 1.92 (24.2–32.5) 29.9 ± 2.09 (27.3–34.6) hindlimb length (%svl) 51.1 ± 2.79 (49.2–53.1) 44.8 ± 3.00 (38.1–52.3) 48.1 ± 1.83 (44.7–50.4) forebody length (%svl) 42.6 ± 1.13 (41.8–43.4) 39.3 ± 2.12 (34.8–43.0) 40.0 ± 2.24 (36.7–44.8) head length (%svl) 20.8 ± 0.47 (20.5–21.1) 21.5 ± 1.02 (19.3–23.6) 21.7 ± 1.05 (20.5–23.7) head depth (%hl) 52.8 ± 1.65 (51.7–54.0) 53.1 ± 4.39 (44.7–62.8) 46.8 ± 4.51 (40.2–55.5) head width (%hl) 61.5 ± 1.85 (60.2–62.8) 62.6 ± 3.64 (56.0–70.7) 59.9 ± 3.80 (55.1–67.0) snout length (%hl) 42.6 ± 1.45 (41.5–43.6) 41.6 ± 2.20 (38.4–46.5) 44.1 ± 1.87 (41.1–47.7) second 97% second 91% supraocular (largest) subequal 100% subequal 3% subequal 9% prefrontal (contact point) separated 100% separated 100% separated 100% narrow separation 50% narrow contact 8% narrow contact 73% nasal (contact point) broad contact 50% broad contact 92% broad contact 27% presubocular (presence) present 100% present 100% present 100% 5th labial 97% 5th labial 91% subocular (supralabial) 6th labial 100% 6th labial 3% 6th labial 9% ear lobule (largest) upper 100% upper 100% upper 100% subdigital lamellae (condition) callose 100% keeled 100% keeled 100% 184 P.
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    Reptiles and Frogs of North East Victoria An Identication and Conservation Guide Victorian Conservation Status (DELWP Advisory List) cr critically endangered en endangered Reptiles & Frogs vu vulnerable nt near threatened dd data deficient L Listed under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (FFG, 1988) Size: of North East Victoria Lizards, Dragons & Skinks: Snout-vent length (cm) Snakes, Goannas: Total length (cm) An Identification and Conservation Guide Lowland Copperhead Highland Copperhead Carpet Python Gray's Blind Snake Nobbi Dragon Bearded Dragon Ragged Snake-eyed Skink Large Striped Skink Frogs: Snout-vent length male - M (mm) Snout-vent length female - F (mm) Austrelaps superbus 170 (NC) Austrelaps ramsayi 115 (PR) Morelia spilota metcalfei – en L 240 (DM) Ramphotyphlops nigrescens 38 (PR) Diporiphora nobbi 8.4 (PR) Pogona barbata – vu 25 (DM) Cryptoblepharus pannosus Snout-Vent 3.5 (DM) Ctenotus robustus Snout-Vent 12 (DM) Guide to symbols Venomous Lifeform F Fossorial (burrows underground) T Terrestrial Reptiles & Frogs SA Semi Arboreal R Rock-dwelling Habitat Type Alpine Bog Montane Forests Alpine Grassland/Woodland Lowland Grassland/Woodland White-lipped Snake Tiger Snake Woodland Blind Snake Olive Legless Lizard Mountain Dragon Marbled Gecko Copper-tailed Skink Alpine She-oak Skink Drysdalia coronoides 40 (PR) Notechis scutatus 200 (NC) Ramphotyphlops proximus – nt 50 (DM) Delma inornata 13 (DM) Rankinia diemensis Snout-Vent 7.5 (NC) Christinus marmoratus Snout-Vent 7 (PR) Ctenotus taeniolatus Snout-Vent 8 (DM) Cyclodomorphus praealtus
  • Vocalisation and Aggression in the Prickly Forest Skink Gnypetoscincus Queenslandiae

    Vocalisation and Aggression in the Prickly Forest Skink Gnypetoscincus Queenslandiae

    Vocalisation and aggression in the Prickly Forest Skink Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae Dave O’Connor School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [email protected] Key words: Aggression, vocalisation, scincidae, territoriality, Prickly Forest Skink Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/australian-zoologist/article-pdf/32/2/265/1475730/az_2003_010.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 Introduction Vocalisation is an important component of territorial containers (20 x 27 cm) for a period of approximately a displays in a number of taxonomic groups including birds, year before the current observations. The contents of the mammals, fishes, reptiles and amphibians (e.g. Nelson terrarium were designed to mimic the natural environment 1984; Fernandez-Juricic et al. 1999; Myrberg 1997; of the lizards ie. moist soil substrate, limited vegetation Marcellini 1977; Ovaska and Caldbeck 1997). Territorial and two small hollow logs as shelter/basking sites. advertising using calls is hypothesised to reduce Observations were made indoors under a combination of antagonistic interactions, thereby conserving energy and natural and artificial (UV) light . reducing the risk of combat induced injuries. Whilst Within five minutes of the animals first being placed territorial behaviour has been widely documented, the together in the enclosure they were observed alongside majority of observations are biased towards males due to each other, head to tail. One skink, the “aggressor”, was their larger size and/or more evident displays (Mahrt making a series of high pitched squeaks. After 1998; Stamps 1977). approximately ten seconds of vocalisation the aggressor Aside from geckos there have been very few observations of then bit at the tail of the “subordinate”.
  • (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) Species Group and a New Species of Immediate Conservation Concern in the Southwestern Australian Biodiversity Hotspot

    (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) Species Group and a New Species of Immediate Conservation Concern in the Southwestern Australian Biodiversity Hotspot

    Zootaxa 3390: 1–18 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of the Ctenotus labillardieri (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) species group and a new species of immediate conservation concern in the southwestern Australian biodiversity hotspot GEOFFREY M. KAY & J. SCOTT KEOGH 1 Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia 1 Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Ctenotus is the largest and most diverse genus of skinks in Australia with at least 97 described species. We generated large mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data sets for 70 individuals representing all available species in the C. labillardieri species- group to produce the first comprehensive phylogeny for this clade. The widespread C. labillardieri was sampled extensively to provide the first detailed phylogeographic data set for a reptile in the southwestern Australian biodiversity hotspot. We supplemented our molecular data with a comprehensive morphological dataset for the entire group, and together these data are used to revise the group and describe a new species. The morphologically highly variable species C. labillardieri comprises seven well-supported genetic clades that each occupy distinct geographic regions. The phylogeographic patterns observed in this taxon are consistent with studies of frogs, plants and invertebrates, adding strength to emerging biogeographic hypotheses in this iconic region. The species C. catenifer, C. youngsoni, and C. gemmula are well supported, and despite limited sampling both C. catenifer and C. gemmula show substantial genetic structure.
  • Australian Museum Train and Wandervan at Parkes, Are the Latest Developments in the Museum Extension Programme

    Australian Museum Train and Wandervan at Parkes, Are the Latest Developments in the Museum Extension Programme

    • - COVER: The Australian Museum Train and Wandervan at Parkes, are the latest developments in the Museum extension programme. (Photo: Checka Ward!Austra/ion Museum.) REPORT of THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM TRUST for the YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE, 1978 D. WEST, GOVERNMEN'I' PRINTER, NEW SOUTI-1 WALE5-1979 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Trust and staff of The Australian Museum have pleasure in thanking the following organizations and individuals who provided financial assistance by way of research grants or donations during the year. Aboriginal Arts Board, Australia Council Drummond Credit Corporation Asian Studies Association of Australia Esso Australia Ltd Aquila Steel Co Ltd Or B. Goldman Australian Biological Resources Study Harris Daishowa Pty Ltd Australian Government Hoyts Theatres Ltd Australian Howmedica james Cook University of North Queensland Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies Mr H. Loomis Aust ralian Institute of Marine Science Myers Sydney Ltd Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service National Parks and Wildlife Service of Queensland Australian Research Grants Committee Peko Wallsend Ltd Bank of New South Wales Mr Peter Pigott, Sydney Beacon Research Co Pty Ltd Professor M. G. Pitman, OBE, Sydney Bernard van Leer Foundation Si ms Consolidated Ltd Bushell Trust, Sydney Sir John Proud, Sydney Conzinc Riotinto of Australia Ltd Roche Research Institute of Marine Pharmacology CSR Limited State Pollution Control Commission, NSW Caltex Oil (Australia) Pty Ltd Sydney Myer Charity Trust, Melbourne Commercial Banking Co of Sydney Ltd Tooth and Co Ltd Council of the City of Sydney Tooheys Ltd Dick Smith Electronics Unilever Australia Pty Ltd Further acknowledgments of co-operation are listed at Appendix 2. 2 THE AUSTRALIAN MU SEUM THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM TRUST PRESIDENT Professor M.