Executive Decisions

Home , Alphonso Jackson, Chuck Robb, Tom Ridge

[ABCDE]

VOLUME 4, ISSUE 4

Executive Decisions

BY RIC FELD—ASSOCIATED PRESS President George W. Bush, left, former presidents Bill Clinton, George H.W. Bush and Jimmy Carter walk from the William J. Clinton Presidential Center to the podium during opening ceremonies in Little Rock, Ark., in November 2004. Not pictured is President Gerald Ford, who did not attend.

An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program

Executive Decisions Meet the Cabinet

Le s s o n : I n t ro d u c e s t u d e n t s t o T h e Wa s h i n g t o n Po s t c a p i t a l i z e s htt p: //www.whitehouse.gov / t h e exe c u t i ve b ra n c h t h ro u g h C a b i n e t i n re f e re n c e s t o t h e exe c u- gov ernment /cabinet.html t h e p re s i d e n t ’s n o m i n a t i o n o f t i ve b ra n c h o f t h e U. S . gove r n m e n t P resident Bush’s Cabinet h i s c h i e f a dv i s e rs , t h e ro l e o f o r a s t a t e gove r n m e n t. L owe rc a s e Biographical information for each t h e C a b i n e t a n d t h e i n fl u e n c e i s u s e d i n re f e re n c e s t o t h e c a b i n e t s Cabinet member. Link provided to each o f t h e Att o r n e y G e n e ra l . o f fo re i g n gove r n m e n t s . A s s o c i a t e d Secretary’s departmental Web site. Leve l : M i d d l e t o h i g h P re s s s t yl e d i c t a t e s t h a t exe c u t i ve S u b j e c t s : G ove r n m e n t, b ra n c h a l ways b e i n l owe rc a s e . htt p: //www.washingtonpost. c i v i c s , h i s t o r y T h e Wa s h i n g t o n Po s t u s e s com /wp-d yn/po lit ics/ Re l ate d Ac t i v i ty : L a n gu a ge a r t s l owe rc a s e i n re f e re n c e t o t h e Politics p o s i t i o n a n d u p p e rc a s e fo r t h e Select a profile under “The Bush N a t i o n a l , s t a t e a n d l o c a l el e c t i o n s s p e c i f i c f e d e ra l d e p a r t m e n t : Administration.” Scroll for links l e n d t h e m s el ve s t o a l o o k a t t h e to Post current and archived re q u i re m e n t s , p ro c e s s a n d i m p a c t “ H e r [ C o n d o l e e z z a R i c e ] c o n f i r m a- o f el e c t i o n s . T h i s i s t h e fo u r t h o f t i o n a s s e c re t a r y o f s t a t e wo u l d b e a articles and commentary. f i ve o n l i n e gu i d e s t h a t fo c u s o n t h e f i rs t fo r a b l a c k wo m a n , a n d i t wo u l d b ro a d q u e s t i o n : W h o s e vo t e re a l l y m e a n a n u n q u e s t i o n e d B u s h l oya l i s t htt p: //usin fo .state.gov /usa/ c o u n t s ? I n t h i s gu i d e , we ex a m i n e wo u l d b e d i s p a t c h e d t o r u n a c r i t i c a l in fousa/po lit ics/execbran.htm t h e exe c u t i ve b ra n c h o f gove r n m e n t. d e p a r t m e n t t h a t t h e W h i t e H o u s e Executive Branch T h o m a s Je f f e rs o n c a l l e d t h e h a d c o m e t o v i ew w i t h s u s p i c i o n . Links to informative sites about the p re s i d e n c y a “ s p l e n d i d m i s e r y. ” I t . . . Powel l wa s c o n s i d e re d a h e ro executive branch of U.S. government wa s a “b u l l y p u l p i t ” t o T h e o d o re t o t h e S t a t e D e p a r t m e n t b u re a u- Ro o s evel t. T h e Sm i t h s o n i a n c ra c y b e c a u s e h e wo n i n c re a s e s i n htt p: //bensguide.gpo .gov /3-5/gov ern - I n s t i t u t i o n e n c a p s u l a t e s i t i n f u n d i n g a n d p e rs o n n el . ” ( N ov. 1 6 ) ment /nat ional/cabinet.html t h e i r “ G l o r i o u s B u rd e n ” ex h i b i- T he P resident ’s Cabinet t i o n . So m e C h i e f E xe c u t i ve s a re “ I n b a c kg ro u n d a n d t e m p e ra m e n t, An introduction to the Cabinet re m e m b e re d a s g re a t ; o t h e rs h ave A l b e r t o R . G o n z a l e s , P re s i d e n t for children provided by the U.S. f a d e d i n t o o b s c u r i t y. P re s i d e n t B u s h ’s c h o i c e t o b e a tt o r n e y ge n e ra l , Government Printing Office L y n d o n Jo h n s o n , ex p e r i e n c e d a n d c o u l d h a rd l y b e m o re d i f f e re n t w r y, s t a t e d , “T h e p re s i d e n c y h a s f ro m Jo h n D. A s h c ro f t. T h e c u r re n t htt p: //www.usdoj.gov /ag / m a d e eve r y m a n w h o o c c u p i e d i t, o f f i c eh o l d e r, f ro m M i s s o u r i , i s t h e Of f ic e o f the At torney General n o m a tt e r h ow s m a l l , b i gge r t h a n s o n a n d g ra n d s o n o f A s s e m b l i e s Reports, speeches and docu- h e wa s ; a n d n o m a tt e r h ow b i g , o f G o d m i n i s t e rs ; G o n z a l e s , 4 9 , mentation of the office n o t b i g e n o u g h fo r i t s d e m a n d s . ” wa s re a re d i n a Ro m a n C a t h o l i c I n o rd e r t o b e c o m e i n fo r m e d M ex i c a n A m e r i c a n f a m i l y i n htt p: //www.future.state.gov / p a r t i c i p a n t s i n a d e m o c ra c y, Tex a s b y p a re n t s w h o h a d b e e n Future Diploma ts s t u d e n t s s h o u l d l e a r n a b o u t t h e m i g ra n t f a r m wo rke rs . ” ( N ov. 1 1 ) State Department site introduces wo m e n a n d m e n w h o m a ke d e c i- s i o n s c o n c e r n i n g t h e i r l i ve s . A l t h o u g h T h e Po s t a n d A s s o c i a t e d students to diplomacy and foreign T h e p re s i d e n t o f t h e U n i t e d P re s s a g re e t h a t Att o r n e y G e n e ra l affairs. Includes world geography, S t a t e s a n d t h e C a b i n e t t h a t h e s h o u l d b e c a p i t a l i z e d o n l y i n u s e country and career information. a p p o i n t s a re s u c h p e o p l e . b e fo re t h e n a m e o f t h e o f f i c eh o l d e r, t h i s gu i d e w i l l u s e t h e a c c e p t e d s t yl e htt p: //www. pbs.org /newshour / C a p i ta l i ze I t o r N ot? m a n u a l c a p i t a l i z a t i o n i n t h e t i t l e s extra/teachers/lessonplans/social - Yo u m ay w i s h t o i n t ro d u c e o f h i g h - ra n k i n g o f f i c i a l s : Att o r n e y stud ies/con firm_cabinet.html s t u d e n t s t o t h e s e u s e s o f c a p i- G e n e ra l a n d Se c re t a r y o f S t a t e . Choosing the Right Per son for the Job t a l i z a t i o n . A f t e r c ove r i n g t h e A PBS lesson that reviews the system s t yl e s , h ave s t u d e n t s f i n d of checks and balances and introduces ex a m p l e s i n t h e n ew s p a p e r. C ONTINUED ON PAGE 3 the federal confirmation process

2 December 29, 2004 VOLUME 4, IS SUE 4

An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program

C ONTINUED FR OM PAGE 2 C a b i n e t m e m b e r t o t h e c l a s s . The Executive T h e p re s i d e n t n o m i n a t e s h i s Rev i ew t h e Ro l e s c h o i c e s t o f i l l C a b i n e t p o s i t i o n s . htt p: //www.loc.gov /g lobal/ T h re e d e p a r t m e n t s a n d a n D i s c u s s h ow s o m e o n e b e c o m e s a execut iv e/fed.html Att o r n e y G e n e ra l c o m p o s e d t h e p re s i d e n t ’s n o m i n e e . T h e Se n a t e Of f icial U.S. Executive Branch Web Sites C a b i n e t o f t h e Wa s h i n g t o n a d m i n- m u s t c o n f i r m e a c h i n d i v i d u a l . D o The Library of Congress provides links i s t ra t i o n . I n 2 0 0 4 , t h e C a b i n e t i s C a b i n e t m e m b e rs owe t h e i r c h i e f to the main executive branch sites. c o m p o s e d o f t h e v i c e p re s i d e n t a n d a l l e g i a n c e t o t h e p re s i d e n t, t h e t h e h e a d s o f 1 5 exe c u t i ve d e p a r t- d e p a r t m e n t t h e y h e a d , t h e A m e r i c a n m e n t s . Be g i n w i t h t h e Web s i t e s c i t i z e n s , t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u- htt p: //www.whitehouse.gov / l i s t e d i n “ M e e t t h e C a b i n e t ” a n d n i t y ? S t u d e n t s m i g h t d i s c u s s o r T he White House T h e Wa s h i n g t o n Po s t A s e c t i o n , d eb a t e w h e t h e r t h e Se n a t e s h o u l d Activities of the president, issues, i n c l u d i n g T h e Fe d e ra l Pa ge , t o h ave t h e a u t h o r i t y t o a p p rove speeches and radio address tran- rev i ew t h e re s p o n s i b i l i t i e s o f e a c h a dv i s e rs t o t h e p re s i d e n t. H ow d o e s scripts (in English and Spanish). m e m b e r o f t h e C a b i n e t. H ave t h i s re q u i re m e n t exe m p l i f y t h e Just for fun, check out “Barney” for s t u d e n t s c o m p i l e a s u m m a r y o f e a c h s ys t e m o f c h e c ks a n d b a l a n c e s ? photos and life at the White House. d e p a r t m e n t, h i g h l i g h t i n g i t s a re a o f ove rs i g h t, re c e n t p ro j e c t s a n d G e t a n O u t l o o k c h a l l e n ge s f a c i n g t h e n ex t l e a d e r. I n “Ti g h t L i tt l e C a b i n e t, ” P u l i t z e r htt p: //www.archiv es.gov /presiden- P r i z e- w i n n i n g p o l i t i c a l c o r re s p o n- t ial_libraries/addresses/addresses.html M e e t t h e C a b i n e t d e n t D av i d S . B ro d e r eva l u a t e s P residential Libraries G i ve s t u d e n t s “ C a b i n e t s o f t h e s el e c t i o n s P re s i d e n t B u s h h a s National Archives and Records P re s i d e n t G e o rge W. B u s h ” ( o r a s k m a d e fo r h i s s e c o n d - t e r m C a b i n e t. Administration provides links to the s t u d e n t s t o l i s t t h e 1 5 exe c u t i ve T h i s c o m m e n t a r y m ay b e u s e d 11 Presidential Libraries and the d e p a r t m e n t s a n d t h e i r l e a d e rs ) . t o i n t ro d u c e s t u d e n t s t o t h e n ew Nixon Presidential Materials Staff. Use W h i c h n a m e s d o t h e y re c o g n i z e ? l e a d e rs , t o i l l u s t ra t e h ow B ro d e r “Resources” to link to the online libraries. D i re c t s t u d e n t s t o “ Po l i t i c s ” a t www. i n c o r p o ra t e s h i s k n ow l e d ge o f w ash ingt on p o st. com/p o l i tics. e a c h i n d i v i d u a l i n t o h i s e s say, U n d e r “T h e B u s h A d m i n i s t ra t i o n , ” a n d t o m o d el t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f htt p: //www.americanhistory . t h e y w i l l f i n d i n fo r m a t i o n a b o u t o rd e r w h e n w r i t i n g a b o u t m o re si.edu/presidency/ 5b_frame.html m a n y o f t h e c u r re n t o f f i c eh o l d e rs t h a n o n e p e rs o n i n a n e s say. T he American P residenc y: a n d n o m i n e e s . I n t h e fo u r t h c o l u m n , Vo c a b u l a r y t h a t yo u m i g h t A Glorious Bur den s t u d e n t s a re t o n a m e t h e i n d i v i d u a l c ove r b e fo re re a d i n g t h e B ro d e r The Smithsonian provides grade- w h o w i l l h o l d e a c h p o s i t i o n i n p i e c e i n c l u d e : a dvo c a c y, a n t a go- level lesson plans and resources to t h e s e c o n d B u s h a d m i n i s t ra t i o n . n i z e d , c o n t i n u i t y, d i s c re t i o n a r y, study the presidency. Includes “Life H ave s t u d e n t s t i t l e t h e c o l u m n . e n c a p s u l a t e d , f e i s t y, f i a s c o , and Death in the White House” and Te a c h e rs c o u l d a l s o c l i p p i c t u re s n o n c h a l a n c e , p a t ro n i z i n g , p e d e s- o f t h e f i rs t a n d s e c o n d B u s h a d m i n- t r i a n , P ro d i ga l a n d p u m m el e d . “Communicating the Presidency.” i s t ra t i o n C a b i n e t m e m b e rs f ro m D o e s B ro d e r a c k n ow l e d ge T h e Po s t a n d o t h e r n ew s p u b l i- t h e t a l e n t o f f u t u re C a b i n e t htt p: //bensguide.gpo .gov /9-12 /gov ern- c a t i o n s . N u m b e r a n d p o s t t h e m m e m b e rs ? W h o wo u l d B ro d e r ment /nat ional/execut iv e.html a ro u n d t h e c l a s s ro o m . H ow m a n y o f n o t wa n t a s a m e m b e r o f t h e Ben’s Guide to the U.S. t h e s e f a c e s d o s t u d e n t s re c o g n i z e ? C a b i n e t ? D o e s h e g i ve s u f f i c i e n t Government for K ids W h o c a n t h e y a c c u ra t el y n a m e re a s o n s fo r h i s eva l u a t i o n s ? H ow “Executive Branch” is divided into K-2, a n d i d e n t i f y b y d e p a r t m e n t ? W h y h a s h e g ro u p e d i n d i v i d u a l s a n d 3-5, 6-8, 9-12 to provide age-appropriate a re s o m e m o re e a s i l y i d e n t i f i e d ? o rd e re d t h e i d e a s o f h i s e s say ? activities and a section for parents Te a c h e rs m i g h t a l s o c o l l e c t c o p i e s o f T h e Fe d e ra l Pa ge p ro f i l e s o f C reate Yo u r C a b i n e t and teachers. Whether looking for the e a c h n o m i n e e . D i v i d e s t u d e n t s At t h e b e g i n n i n g o f a p re s i d e n t i a l ABC’s of Government or the order of i n t o 1 5 t e a m s t o re a d p ro f i l e s , f i n d succession, take time to explore this a r t i c l e s a b o u t a n d i n t ro d u c e e a c h C ONTINUED ON PAGE 4 U.S. Government Printing Office site.

3 December 29, 2004 VOLUME 4, IS SUE 4

An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program

C ONTINUED FR OM PAGE 3 a n d Jo h n Wa r n e r fo r D e f e n s e . I f R e ad About It t e a c h e rs w i s h t o c ro s s t i m e d i m e n- t e r m , t h e p re s i d e n t s el e c t s t h e i n d i- s i o n s t o c re a t e t h e “ D re a m Te a m Barnes, Peter W. and Cheryl. v i d u a l s w h o m h e wa n t s a s m e m b e rs o f a C a b i n e t, ” m i g h t Jo h n M u i r, Woodrow, t he White House Mouse o f h i s C a b i n e t. I f a p re s i d e n t i s H e n r y D av i d T h o re a u a n d R a l p h Woodrow G. Washingtail and his family re-el e c t e d , C a b i n e t s e c re t a r i e s m ay N a d e r b e n o m i n a t e d fo r I n t e r i o r ? move into the White House after his re m a i n o r re s i g n a n d b e re p l a c e d . W h e n g i v i n g t h i s a s s i g n m e n t inauguration as president of the United G i ve s t u d e n t s “ C a b i n e t s o f P re s i d e n t d i s c u s s t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f ve tt i n g G e o rge W. B u s h . ” A s k s t u d e n t s , n o m i n e e s . T h e re c e n t n o m i n a t i o n o f Mice of America. Through illustrations i n d i v i d u a l l y o r i n g ro u p s , t o n o m i- Be r n a rd B . Ke r i k t o b e t h e s e c o n d and verse learn about the duties of the n a t e a c a n d i d a t e fo r e a c h p o s i t i o n . h o m el a n d s e c u r i t y s e c re t a r y i s a n president and tour the White House. T h e y t h e n w r i t e a s h o r t n o m i n a t i o n ex a m p l e . O n D e c . 1 2 , t h e Po s t s t a t e m e n t i n w h i c h t h e y ex p l a i n w h y re p o r t e d : “ W h i t e H o u s e o f f i c i a l s Beschloss, Michael, ed. e a c h n o m i n e e s h o u l d b e a p p o i n t e d ye s t e rd ay b l a m e d Be r n a rd B . Ke r i k A merican H eritag e Illustrated s e c re t a r y o f t h e s p e c i f i e d d e p a r t- fo r re p e a t e d l y f a i l i n g t o d i s c l o s e History o f T he Presidents m e n t a n d t h e Att o r n e y G e n e ra l . p o t e n t i a l l e ga l p ro b l e m s t o a d m i n i s- Scholars and presidential histo- A n o t h e r o p t i o n wo u l d b e t o t ra t i o n l aw ye rs ve tt i n g h i s n o m i n a- rian Beschloss profile George c o n s i d e r t h e s i x i n d i v i d u a l s w h o t i o n t o b e h o m el a n d s e c u r i t y s e c re- a re n o t re s i g n i n g f ro m t h e i r t a r y, a s P re s i d e n t B u s h p re p a re d Washington to Bill Clinton, presi- C a b i n e t p o s i t i o n s . S t u d e n t s s h o u l d t o q u i c k l y n a m e a re p l a c e m e n t a n d dents’ lives, failures and successes. c o n d u c t re s e a rc h t h e n a rgu e p ro t r y t o p u t t h e c o n t rove rs y ove r t h e a n d c o n o n w h e t h e r e a c h s h o u l d fo r m e r N ew Yo rk p o l i c e c o m m i s- Cheney, Lynne. When Washington re m a i n . Pe rh a p s a s s i g n t h e m a s i o n e r’s b a c kg ro u n d b eh i n d h i m . Crossed t he Delaware: A Wintert ime “g ra d e ” fo r t h e i r p e r fo r m a n c e . “ Ke r i k , w h o w i t h d rew h i s ow n Story for Young Patriots I f yo u w i s h t o h ave m o re p o s i- n o m i n a t i o n Fr i d ay a n d a p o l o g i z e d The vice president’s wife takes young t i o n s , yo u c o u l d a d d t h e p o s t s ye s t e rd ay fo r e m b a r ra s s i n g B u s h , readers back to December 1776 t h a t P re s i d e n t B u s h h a s a c c o rd e d wa s a s ke d n u m e ro u s t i m e s b y W h i t e where they meet a courageous future C a b i n e t- l evel ra n k : A d m i n i s t ra t o r, H o u s e l aw ye rs i f h e h a d e m p l oye d E nv i ro n m e n t a l P ro t e c t i o n A ge n c y ; a n i l l e ga l i m m i g ra n t o r f a i l e d t o p ay president. Gen. Washington has D i re c t o r, O f f i c e o f M a n a ge m e n t t a xe s o n d o m e s t i c h el p , t h e s o u rc e s faced many defeats, but he persists a n d B u d ge t ; D i re c t o r, N a t i o n a l sa i d . ” Se e “ W h i t e H o u s e P u t s B l a m e in the struggle for independence. D r u g C o n t ro l Po l i c y ; a n d t h e o n Ke r i k ” fo r t h e e n t i re a r t i c l e . U. S . Tra d e Re p re s e n t a t i ve . H ave t h e re p o r t s o n t h e t h re e Davis, Todd and Marc Frey. New Big n o m i n e e s fo r e a c h p o s i t i o n Book o f U.S. Presidents: A Young Ve t Yo u r N o m i n e e s p re s e n t e d t o t h e p re s i d e n t ( t e a c h e r, Reader’s Guide to t he Presidency Te a c h e rs m i g h t s u gge s t o r c l a s s m a t e s p l ay i n g t h e ro l e ) b y National Portrait Gallery portraits, read- s t u d e n t s m i g h t n o m i n a t e t h re e n o m i- t h e o f f i c e o f W h i t e H o u s e c o u n s el n e e s t o h e a d e a c h d e p a r t m e n t a n d ( e a c h t e a m ) . Ta ke a vo t e a n d able narrative by two historians covering Att o r n e y G e n e ra l . I n t e a m s , s t u d e n t s p l a c e t h e w i n n e rs ’ n a m e s i n t h e George Washington to George W. Bush, w i l l re s e a rc h t h e b a c kg ro u n d s o f fo u r t h c o l u m n o f t h e re p ro d u c i b l e and a timeline throughout the volume e a c h n o m i n e e . D o C a b i n e t m e m b e rs “ C a b i n e t s o f G e o rge W. B u s h . ” I f n e e d t o b e o f t h e sa m e p o l i t i c a l t i m e a l l ow s , yo u m i g h t c o m p a re t h e Fleming, Candace. A Big Cheese p a r t y ? W h a t q u a l i t i e s a re i m p o r- s t u d e n t s ’ c h o i c e t o t h e p re s i d e n t ’s for t he White House: T he True t a n t fo r t h e p o s i t i o n s ? M u s t t h e i r fo r h i s s e c o n d a d m i n i s t ra t i o n . Tale o f a Tremendous Cheddar re c o rd s b e p e r f e c t o r m ay t h e y h ave In 1801 when the townspeople of exe rc i s e d c i v i l d i s o b e d i e n c e a n d Lea r n A b o u t Yo u a n d Yo u r R i g h t s Cheshire, Mass., learn that President b e e n a r re s t e d fo r t h e i r s t a n d s ? T h ro u g h t h e fo l l ow i n g a c t i v i t y, Fo r ex a m p l e , Jo s e p h B i d e n s t u d e n t s w i l l d e s c r i b e t h e ro l e s Jefferson is serving cheese from a a n d R i c h a rd H o l b ro o k m i g h t j o i n Connecticut town, they organize to make C o n d o l e e z z a R i c e a s n o m i n e e s f ro m a big cheese for him. Watercolors as deli- Se c re t a r y o f S t a t e ; Jo h n M c C a i n C ONTINUED ON PAGE 5 cious as the cheddar grace the pages.

4 December 29, 2004 VOLUME 4, IS SUE 4

An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program

C ONTINUED FR OM PAGE 4 Fi rs t A m e n d m e n t r i g h t s s h o u l d b e Family Life in the White House d i m i n i s h e d fo r t h e p u b l i c s e c u r i t y ? o f C a b i n e t m e m b e rs , d eb a t e a n htt p: //americanhistory .si.edu/ i s s u e o f n a t i o n a l s e c u r i t y, a n d O rd e r S u c ce s s i o n presidency/3a4.html a s s e s s t h e ro l e o f t h e Att o r n e y W h e n a p re s i d e n t b e c o m e s ve r y i l l White House Weddings G e n e ra l . G i ve s t u d e n t s a n d o r i n j u re d , w h o p e r fo r m s h i s d u t i e s ? Souvenirs from White House weddings d i s c u s s “S p o t l i g h t o n t h e Att o r n e y I f h e d i e s , w h o s u c c e e d s h i m ? I s G e n e ra l ’s Ro l e ” fo r b a c kg ro u n d . t h e v i c e p re s i d e n t a u t o m a t i c a l l y are pictured on the Smithsonian A s s i g n s t u d e n t s t o p l ay d i f f e re n t p re s i d e n t o r i s h e a c t i n g p re s i d e n t ? site, part of its Life and Death C a b i n e t m e m b e rs . O n e p e rs o n S t u d e n t s m ay f i n d i t i n t e re s t i n g t o in the White House exhibit. s h o u l d b e a s s i g n e d t o b e p re s i d e n t l e a r n t h a t Vi c e P re s i d e n t C h e s t e r o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . I f n e c e s sa r y, A . A r t h u r n eve r m e t w i t h , n o r htt p: //www.whitehouse.gov / a s s i g n t wo s t u d e n t s t o e a c h C a b i n e t a s s u m e d t h e d u t i e s o f , P re s i d e n t history/li fe/fam il yli fe.html ro l e . A s k s t u d e n t s t o re s e a rc h t h e i r G a r f i el d d u r i n g t h e 8 0 d ays t h a t ro l e s o n t h e I n t e r n e t. T h e n ex p l a i n G a r f i el d s u r v i ve d a f t e r b e i n g Te ar s o f Joy and Laughter t o t h e m t h e p re s i d e n t ’s C a b i n e t w i l l s h o t. I n c o n t ra s t, w h e n P re s i d e n t Family life at the White House includes b e m e e t i n g t o d i s c u s s a n i s s u e o f E i s e n h owe r wa s i l l i n 1 9 5 5 a n d photo glimpses of First Families. v i t a l n a t i o n a l i m p o r t a n c e : a l aw t h a t 1 9 5 6 , Vi c e P re s i d e n t R i c h a rd N i xo n wo u l d a l l ow g re a t e r a u t h o r i t y t o p re s i d e d ove r C a b i n e t m e e t i n gs a n d htt p: //clinton4. nara.gov /WH / l aw e n fo rc e m e n t i n t h e i n t e re s t o f c o m m u n i c a t e d w i t h t h e p re s i d e n t. d e t e r r i n g a n d c a p t u r i n g t e r ro r i s t s . A f t e r t h e a s sa s s i n a t i o n o f P re s i d e n t kids/html/children.html T h e Att o r n e y o r Att o r n e ys Jo h n F. Ke n n e d y, C o n g re s s Children in the White House G e n e ra l s h o u l d b e p re p a re d t o a d d re s s e d t h i s i s s u e . I n 1 9 6 7 t h e Chelsea Clinton to Tad Lincoln p re s e n t f i ve t o t e n i d e a s rel a t e d t o s t a t e s ra t i f i e d t h e 2 5 t h A m e n d m e n t t h i s t o p i c . E a c h C a b i n e t m e m b e r t h a t s e t p ro c e d u re s fo r p re s i d e n t i a l htt p: //www.iowa -cit y .k12. i s t o d e t e r m i n e h ow h i s o r h e r a n d v i c e p re s i d e n t i a l s u c c e s s i o n . ia.us/Hoov er /li fewh.html a re a o f re s p o n s i b i l i t y w i l l b e i n fl u- West Wing e p i s o d e s h ave e n c e d b y t h e p ro p o s e d l aw. W h a t fo c u s e d o n p re s i d e n t i a l i l l n e s s s o Life in the White House b u d ge t a r y n e e d s wo u l d t h e n ew s t u d e n t s m ay b e f a m i l i a r w i t h t h e Reflection on the Herbert Hoover l aw re q u i re t h a t m i g h t re d u c e t h e i r d i l e m m a , b u t a re t h e y s u re o f t h e family life in the White House that b u d ge t s fo r o t h e r p ro j e c t s ? H ow o rd e r o f s u c c e s s i o n ? Se c re t a r y o f began in 1929. Includes story of the m i g h t t h e n ew l aw a s s i s t t h e m i n S t a t e A l H a i g , i n 1 9 8 1 t h o u g h t Christmas eve fire in the West Wing. re a c h i n g d e p a r t m e n t a l go a l s ? h e wa s i n l i n e a f t e r t h e v i c e A f t e r t i m e h a s b e e n g i ve n fo r p re s i d e n t t o a s s u m e d u t i e s . re s e a rc h , Att o r n e y ( s ) G e n e ra l m a ke T h e P re s i d e n t i a l Su c c e s s i o n A c t htt p: //www.whitehouse.gov /kids/abc/ t h e i r p re s e n t a t i o n a n d t h e C a b i n e t o f 1 9 4 7 e s t a b l i s h e d t h e o rd e r t h a t Historical White House ABC’s m e m b e rs d i s c u s s a n d p o s e q u e s- wo u l d b e fo l l owe d w h e n t h e p re s i- Many of the letters picture White t i o n s . T h e m a i n i s s u e a t s t a ke i s d e n t wa s u n a b l e t o h o l d o f f i c e o r House children and pets. b a l a n c i n g n a t i o n a l s e c u r i t y w i t h wa s re m ove d f ro m o f f i c e . T h e f i rs t t h e i n d i v i d u a l c o n s t i t u t i o n a l r i g h t s f i ve i n o rd e r a re : v i c e p re s i d e n t, Whitcomb, John and Claire. Real o f c i t i z e n s . At t h e e n d o f t h e exe r- s p e a ke r o f t h e H o u s e , p re s i d e n t p ro c i s e , t h e c l a s s s h o u l d eva l u a t e t h e t e m p o re o f t h e Se n a t e , Se c re t a r y o f Li fe at t he White House: 200 p e r fo r m a n c e o f t h e Att o r n e y ( s ) S t a t e a n d Se c re t a r y o f t h e Tre a s u r y. Years o f Dail y Li fe at A merica’s G e n e ra l b a s e d o n Se n a t o r L e a h y’s T h e o rd e r o f s u c c e s s i o n c o n t i n u e s Most Famous Residence d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e ro l e . T h e C a b i n e t i n o rd e r t h a t d e p a r t m e n t s we re Composed of 42 chapters, one for m e m b e rs s h o u l d a n s we r t h e e s t a b l i s h e d . Yo u m ay w i s h t o d i s c u s s each administration from Washington fo l l ow i n g q u e s t i o n s : I n p re s e n t i n g t h e fo l l ow i n g w i t h s t u d e n t s : who chose its site to William Jefferson h e r / h i s i d e a s , d i d t h e Att o r n e y • W h y i s i t i m p o r t a n t t o h ave a n G e n e ra l a d e q u a t el y b a l a n c e n a t i o n a l Clinton. Pictures, presidential quota- s e c u r i t y a n d c i v i l l i b e r t i e s o f c i t i- tions and anecdotes bring the fami- z e n s ? I s t h e re eve r a t i m e w h e n C ONTINUED ON PAGE 6 lies and the White House to life.

5 December 29, 2004 VOLUME 4, IS SUE 4

An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program

C ONTINUED FR OM PAGE 5 from “All the Presidents’ Books,” a Candida tes’ Choic e review of presidential memoirs, is a c c e p t e d o rd e r t o a s s u m e t h e d u t i e s provided. Which presidents’ memoirs During the 2004 campaign, President o f p re s i d e n t a n d v i c e p re s i d e n t ? receive a positive evaluation? You Bush and Democratic candidates • H ave s t u d e n t s rev i ew t h e might have older students read one were asked by Bookselling This Week b a c kg ro u n d o f t h e 1 8 i n d i v i d u a l s of the presidential memoirs, a book to share their favorite books. Here w h o c o u l d b e c o m e p re s i d e n t. written by a former president, or are some of the titles they listed D o t h e y c o n s i d e r t h e m a l l one of the favorites of a 2004 presi- c a p a b l e t o h o l d t h e p o s i t i o n ? dential candidate (See “Candidates’ as among their favorite books: • G e ra l d Ru d o l p h Fo rd p re s e n t s Choice). Ask students to write a a n ex t ra o rd i n a r y s t u d y i n s u c c e s- book review. All the books would P resident Bush s i o n . O n Au g . 9 , 1 9 7 4 , G e ra l d Fo rd make good reading for teachers. • T he R av en: A Biograph y o f b e c a m e t h e 3 8 t h p re s i d e n t o f t h e Sam Houston, Marquis James U n i t e d S t a t e s . W h y wa s h e v i c e Extension • T he Good Li fe and I ts p re s i d e n t i n 1 9 7 4 ? O n Au g . 2 0 , Fo rd 1. Write a letter to one of the Discontents, Robert J. Samuelson s el e c t e d fo r m e r N ew Yo rk G ove r n o r Cabinet members. What do N el s o n A . Ro c ke f el l e r t o b e h i s v i c e you think the Cabinet member Wesley Clark p re s i d e n t. Fo rd a n d Ro c ke f el l e r should do for children in this a re t h e o n l y t wo v i c e p re s i d e n t s t o country or in the world? • T he Great Sant ini , Pat Conroy s e r ve b y a p p o i n t m e n t ra t h e r t h a n 2. Examine the role of the presi- b y el e c t i o n . W h y wa s Fo rd a l l owe d dent in negotiating treaties and Howar d De an t o s el e c t h i s v i c e p re s i d e n t ? Fo r the required advice and consent of • Nickel and Dimed , Barbara Ehrenreich a n o t h e r b i t o f p re s i d e n t i a l t r i v i a , the Senate. Begin with Woodrow • A ll t he King’s M en, Fo rd i s t h e s e c o n d fo r m e r U. S . Wilson’s Fourteen Points that the Robert Penn Warren p re s i d e n t t o l i ve t o b e 9 1 ( b o r n Ju l y Senate did not approve. Did their • To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee 1 4 , 1 9 1 3 ) ; Ro n a l d Re a ga n wa s t h e refusal lead to WWII? Why do • Truman, David McCullough f i rs t t o re a c h h i s 9 1 s t b i r t h d ay. presidents use executive agree- • O n I n a u gu ra l D ay a n d w h e n ments rather than treaties to t h e p re s i d e n t g i ve s t h e S t a t e o f t h e achieve some international goals? John E dwar ds U n i o n a d d re s s , a m e m b e r o f t h e Have students research the first • T he Trial o f Socrates , I.F. Stone C a b i n e t i s n o t p re s e n t. W h y i s t h i s administration of the current presi- d o n e ? H ow i s t h i s p e rs o n s el e c t e d ? dent. Were any treaties negotiated Dick Gephar dt and approved by the Senate? Any • Truman, David McCullough M e e t t h e Fa m i l i e s executive agreements signed? I t m i g h t b e e a s y t o fo rge t t h a t 3 . S t u d y o n e p re s i d e n t ’s p l a c e i n John Kerry t h e p re s i d e n t a n d Fi rs t L a d y A m e r i c a n p o l i t i c a l h i s t o r y a n d h e a r t s . • Trinit y, Leon Uris h ave a f a m i l y a n d p e rs o n a l l i f e . T h e p a s s i n g o f Ro n a l d Re a ga n , t h e Fro m G e o rge Wa s h i n g t o n t o t h e p re s i d e n t w h o l i ve d l o n ge r t h a n • Undaunted Courag e , c u r re n t p re s i d e n t Fi rs t Fa m i l i e s a n y o t h e r fo r m e r p re s i d e n t, wa s Stephen Ambrose Pierce h ave i n t r i gu e d t h e p u b l i c . “ W h i t e re c e i ve d w i t h a n o u t p o u r i n g o f • F lags o f Our Fat her , James H o u s e Fa m i l i e s ” c a n b e u s e d fo r a n a f f e c t i o n , re s p e c t a n d g r i e f . Po s t Bradley and Ron Powers I n t e r n e t o r l i b ra r y s e a rc h , a s a q u i z a rc h i ve d c ove ra ge i n c l u d i n g v i d e o s , a f t e r a s t u d y o f t h e p re s i d e n t s o r a s i n t e r v i ew s a n d p h o t o g ra p h s m ay Joe Lieberman s t i m u l u s b e fo re s t u d y o f p re s i d e n- b e fo u n d a t www.w ash ingt on p o st. • A ll t he King’s M en, t i a l f a m i l i e s . A n s we rs w i t h s o m e com/p o l i tics w h e re yo u s el e c t Robert Penn Warren c o m m e n t s a re p rov i d e d fo r t e a c h e rs . “S p e c i a l Re p o r t s . ” U n d e r Po l i t i c a l H i s t o r y s el e c t “ Ro n a l d Re a ga n , 1 9 1 1 - Rea d M o re 2 0 0 4 . ” A s t u d y o f t h e c e re m o n i e s a n d R everend Al Sharpton I f gu e s t c o m m e n t a t o r M a rk Pe r r y i s d i g n i t y a c c o rd e d p re s e n t a n d p a s t • Moral Man and I mmoral r i g h t, n o t m a n y p re s i d e n t i a l m e m o i rs p re s i d e n t s m ay a l s o b e i l l u s t ra t e d Societ y: A Stud y o f Et hics and f a i r wel l i n t h e c r i t i c ’s e ye . An excerpt w i t h m a t e r i a l i n t h i s c o l l e c t i o n . Po lit ics, Reinhold Niebuhr

6 December 29, 2004 VOLUME 4, IS SUE 4

An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program Outlook: Tight Little Cabinet

D a vid S. Broder and in the first-term White House, consequences of those misjudgments the attorney general, Bush guarantees has stunned even some of us who have President Bush’s second-term Cabinet that the Justice Department, with known and admired him in the past. choices pronounce a clear preference its vast discretionary powers in law It was all encapsulated last week for continuity and control. The striking enforcement, will deliver no unpleasant in his blowing off a soldier’s inquiry thing about his reshuffle is the priority surprises to the administration or its in Kuwait about the lack of protec- he has given to familiarity and loyalty friends in the business community. tive armor for the trucks in which over fresh ideas and novel perspectives. And Margaret Spellings, the troops are riding down the deadly Of the 14 traditional Cabinet posts able domestic policy aide who roads in Iraq. “You go to war with the he has filled (with homeland security shaped education policy in Austin Army you have. They’re not the Army still to come), only two have gone and from the White House, will you might want or wish to have at a to people not already serving in the become the visible point person later time,” Rumsfeld said, in what administration. Mike Johanns, the now as secretary of education. sounded like a patronizing tone. governor of Nebraska, moves to the For the even more important But the Army we have is the one Agriculture Department and Carlos domestic policy job of secretary of he designed, led by commanders he Gutierrez shifts from being chief health and human services, Bush picked chose, an Army much smaller than the executive of Kellogg, the cereal maker, one of the ablest executives and politi- force many of his generals had said to the Commerce Department. cians in the Republican Party, Mike was needed to secure control of a post- Bernard Kerik, the former New York Leavitt, the former governor of Utah. Saddam Hussein Iraq. And now that City police commissioner, would have Leavitt succeeds another dynamo, Army knows Rumsfeld remains its boss. been the third, had he not withdrawn former Wisconsin governor Tommy As for Secretary Snow, his perfor- from the homeland security job a week Thompson, and now has a chance to mance at the Treasury the past two after he was nominated. The fiasco of demonstrate his capability to a wider years, following the firing of the feisty his unexamined background—so remi- audience than in his earlier assign- Paul O’Neill, has been so pedestrian niscent of the screw-ups at the begin- ment as head of the Environmental that anonymous “senior White House ning of Bill Clinton’s first term—may Protection Agency. The EPA is a officials” were telling reporters for suggest one reason Bush preferred dead-end job in a Republican admin- weeks after the election that Snow to stay with the tried and true. istration—one whose occupant is would soon be replaced—only to There are some winners and losers certain to be pummeled by the cross- discover that the president had no in this bunch, but overall, the presi- pressures from advocacy and industry liking for any of the prospective succes- dent has assured himself that the groups. Now Leavitt is where he has an sors. Snow the Outcast was instantly lines of authority to the Oval Office opportunity to succeed and to shine. transformed into Snow the Prodigal will be unchallenged and that his That is not likely to be said Presidential Pal—at least until the wishes will be seen as commands. about the two most notable of the next round of back-stabbing begins. In three instances he has moved six holdovers from the first term, The whole personnel process people from the White House senior Defense Secretary Don Rumsfeld has been a strange prelude to the staff into the leadership of departments and Treasury Secretary John Snow. second term—disciplined and smart where important presidential initia- Rumsfeld’s hold on the president is one moment, negligent and self- tives will be carried out. Condoleezza hard for outsiders to fathom. Early on, indulgent the next. It sends mixed Rice, the national security adviser, he antagonized much of the military messages about what lies ahead. will replace Colin Powell at the State brass and many influential Republican Department, sending a message to members of Congress who specialize the sometimes-independent foreign in defense affairs. The advice he and Was hi ngto n Pos t politi c al co rre spo n- service bureaucrats that second- his associates gave the president about d ent D av i d S. Brod er wo n th e Pulitz er guessing of the president is off-limits. what the United States would face in Pri z e fo r dis ti ng uis h e d co mm en- By making Alberto Gonzales, who Iraq was wrong more often than it was ta ry i n 1973 . He m ay be re a ch e d at has been his personal counsel in Austin right. And his nonchalance about the d av i dbrod er@was hpos t .co m.

7 DecemberDec ember 15 , 29,2 004 2004 Cabinets of President George W. Bush

The tradition of the Cabinet dates back to the establish- Act of 1789 established the Supreme Court and the ment of the presidency itself. Among the presidential duties position of Attorney General. On February 25, 1793, itemized in the U.S. Constitution, Section 2 of Article II, President Washington held the first Cabinet meeting. is this one: “he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the Individuals who are selected to head the depart- principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon ments of the executive branch are expected to have any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices.” knowledge and experience in specific areas. It is the George Washington created three executive depart- duty of the Cabinet members to advise the presi- ments—State (Foreign Affairs, July 27), War (Aug. 7) dent on any subject he may require relating to their and Treasury (Sept. 2)—after his inauguration in April responsibilities and needs of their departments. 1789. On September 24, Congress in the Judiciary

Est. Department First Term

1789 State Colin L. Powell

1789 Treasury John W. Snow

1849 Interior Gale A. Norton

1862 Agriculture Ann M. Veneman

1870 Justice John D. Ashcroft (Attorney General, 1789)

1903 Commerce Donald L. Evans

1913 Labor Elaine L. Chao

1947 Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld

1953 Health and Human Services Tommy G. Thompson

1965 Housing and Urban Development Alphonso Jackson

1966 Transportation Norman Y. Mineta

1977 Energy Spencer Abraham

1979 Education Roderick R. Paige

1988 Veterans Affairs Anthony J. Principi

2003 Homeland Security Tom Ridge VOLUME 4, IS SUE 4

An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program Spo tlight on the Attorney General’s Role

The Chief Executive of the United Washington, a legal adviser and lawyer tive departments of the Government States, also known as the president, for citizen Washington and governor of when so requested. The Attorney has a team of close advisors called the Virginia in 1786. General appears in person to repre- Cabinet. The Cabinet is a part of the By 1819, it was clear that this was sent the Government before the U.S. executive branch of the U.S. federal too much work for one person. Supreme Court in cases of exceptional government consisting of the heads President Ulysses S. Grant signed gravity or importance.” of federal executive departments. the bill that replaced the Office of the During Senate Judiciary committee Interestingly, the term “Cabinet” does Attorney General. The Department of hearings in January 2001, Senator not appear in the U.S. Constitution, Justice with the new office of Solicitor Patrick Leahy made the following where reference is made only to the General began operation on July 1, remarks about the Attorney General’s heads of departments. 1870. The Attorney General remained role: The Constitution does not say which as head of the new department with “Remember, the attorney general is or how many executive departments the same responsibilities. The Solicitor not the president’s counsel; he has a should be created. The current Cabinet General argues for the U.S. government counsel for that. The attorney general is composed of the vice president in front of the Supreme Court, when is there for every one of us, Democrats, and, by law, the heads of 15 executive the government is party to a case. Republicans, rich, poor, white, black, departments—the Many people think the role of no matter who you are. ... the attorney YOU AND Secretaries of Attorney General as the nation’s “top general is the most important person YOUR RIGHT S Agriculture, cop,” the chief criminal law enforcer. in the Cabinet, because unlike other Commerce, Defense, According to the Department of Justice members of the Cabinet, this is some - Education, Energy, Health and Human Web site, “the Attorney General, as body who represents all of us, not Services, Homeland Security, Housing head of the Department of Justice and there just to represent administration and Urban Development, Interior, chief law enforcement officer of the policy. You should have evenhanded law Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury, Federal Government, represents the enforcement, protection of our basic and Veterans Affairs, and the Attorney United States in legal matters generally constitutional rights....” General. and gives advice and opinions to the You may have noticed one thing the President and to the heads of the execu- Attorney General does not have in common with other Cabinet members: Washington and his the Attorney General is the only cabinet. P resident Geor ge member who is not given the title Washington, left, Secret ary Secretary. When Congress established o f War Henry Knox, the job in 1789, the Attorney General Secret ary o f the Tre asury gave legal advice to Congress and the Alex ander Hamilton, President. This function is based on Secret ary o f S t a te T homas English legal practice. An Attorney Jef fer son and At torney General role of chief public prosecutor General E dmund Randolph. has been documented to 1277. George Washington nominated fellow Virginian Edmund Randolph to be the first Attorney General. Randolph had been aide-de-camp to General C OUR TESY OF THE LIBR ARY OF C ONGRES S

ABOUT THE AUTHOR Maryam Ahranjani, Associa te Director, P rogram on La w and Government a t American Univer sity Washington College o f La w, is a former Mar shall- Brennan fellow who t aught c onstitutional la w in D.C. schools.

9 December 29, 2004 White House Families

Multiple Choice. Select the correct answer from those given.

_____ 1. When she married the president in a White House _____ 4. Which president and First Lady moved into the ceremony, she became the youngest First Lady and he the White House with two daughters, four sons and many pets, only president whose wedding took place in the White House including a badger, a bear, snakes and a calico pony? a. Mamie Dowd and Dwight David Eisenhower a. James Garfield b. Frances Folsom and Grover Cleveland b. Andrew Johnson c. Lynda Johnson and Charles “Chuck” Robb c. Richard Nixon d. Edith Kermit Carow and Theodore Roosevelt d. Theodore Roosevelt

_____ 2. President whose 13 grandchildren visited _____ 5. The baby daughter of which president was the White House in his last term in office: the namesake for the Baby Ruth candy bar? a. Ulysses Grant a. John Q. Adams b. Benjamin Harrison b. James Buchanan c. Andrew Jackson c. Grover Cleveland d. Franklin D. Roosevelt d. John F. Kennedy

_____ 3. Which president, while in France, collected recipes for fruit tarts, french fries, pigs feet and the most popular—ice cream? a. Thomas Jefferson b. John F. Kennedy c. Ronald Reagan d. John Tyler

Matching. Pair the name with the correct information about him or her.

_____ 1. Esther Cleveland a. first child of a president to marry in the White House _____ 2. David Eisenhower b. first and only child of a president to be born in the White House _____ 3. Maria Monroe c. daughter of a president who was married to Jefferson Davis _____ 4. Julie Nixon d. grandson of a president who celebrated his eighth birthday in the White House with Roy Rogers and Dale Evans _____ 5. Benny Pierce e. son of president who died in a train wreck months before his father’s inauguration _____ 6. Knox Taylor f. daughter of a president who married the grandson of a president

Chronology. The following children of presidents _____ a. John Adams were married at the White House. They are listed _____ b. Nellie Grant in alphabetical order. Number them in the order _____ c. Lynda Johnson that their fathers were president. Place 1 before _____ d. Maria Monroe the child of the earliest president; 9 for the most _____ e. Tricia Nixon recent. (A little help: John Adams is the son of _____ f. Alice Roosevelt John Quincy Adams; Jessie Wilson married a year _____ g. Elizabeth Tyler before her sister.) _____ h. Eleanor Wilson _____ i. Jessie Wilson

Children Grow Up in the White House. In recent administrations, families with one or more young children resided in the White House. Enter the year the family came to live in the White House in the column to the left. Name the First Lady in the center column. Name their child/children in the column to the right.

President Year First Lady Child/Children George W. Bush Jimmy Carter Bill Clinton John F. Kennedy VOLUME 4, IS SUE 4

An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program White House Families Answer s

Multiple Choic e Clevelands’ bedroom on the northwest Alice Roosevelt to Ohio congressman 1. (b) Grover Cleveland married area of the second floor. Nicolas Longworth is considered the Frances Folsom in a private White 2. (d) Dwight and Mamie grandest, according to the White House House ceremony in 1886. Cleveland Eisenhower’s grandson celebrated his Historical Association. was the only president whose wedding eighth birthday in 1956 at the White a. (2) John Quincy Adams, 1825-29; took place in the White House, and at House with a western party based on b. (4) Ulysses S. Grant, 1869-77; c. (8) 21, Frances became the youngest First television personality and cowboy, Roy Lyndon Johnson, 1963-69; d. (1) James Lady. Rogers. Monroe, 1817-25; e. (9) Richard Nixon, 2. (d) Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt 3. (a) James Monroe’s daughter 1969-74; f. (5) Theodore Roosevelt, had 13 grandchildren by FDR’s fourth Maria was the first child of a president 1901-09; g. (3) John Tyler, 1841-45; h. inaugural, January 20, 1945. President to marry in the White House. Her 1820 (7) and i. (6), Woodrow Wilson, 1913- and Mrs. Harrison’s daughter, her two ceremony was restricted to family. 21. children and many relatives lived in the 4. (f) She married David Eisenhower White House while he was in office. Dec. 22, 1968. They met as children Children Grow Up in the White House 3. (a) Visit American Treasures of the when Richard Nixon was Ike’s vice Bush, 2001, Laura, twin daugh- Library of Congress to see the hand- president. ters Jenna and Barbara; Carter, written “Jefferson’s Recipe for Vanilla 5. (e) On a journey by train, January 1977, Rosalyn, Amy lived there with Ice Cream.” 6, 1853, the car in which president- her parents, and had three older 4. (d) Teddy’s children were a lively elect Franklin Pierce and his family brothers—Jack, Chip, and Jeff. Clinton, brood with many pets. Andrew Johnson rode was derailed and Benny killed 1993, Hillary, Chelsea; Kennedy, 1961, had many family members who lived in before their eyes. The whole nation Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy, Carolyn the White House: two surviving sons, shared the parents’ grief. The inaugura- and John Kennedy Jr., the first young widowed daughter and her children, tion on March 4 took place without an children of a president in half a century and their older daughter, her husband, inaugural ball and without the presence to live in the White House. Senator Patterson and their children. of Mrs. Pierce. Five of President and Mrs. Garfield’s 6. (c) Zachery Taylor’s second Sources: Among the sources for children lived in the White House. daughter, Knox, married Lt. Jefferson the quiz answers are the presidential 5. (c) The Baby Ruth candy bar Davis in gentle defiance of her parents. museum sites, www.americaslibrary . was named after Ruth Cleveland, the Within three months of her wedding, gov, www.whitehousehistory .org and President’s baby daughter. Knox died of malaria. Taylor was not www.whitehouse.gov /history/first la - reconciled to Davis until they fought d ies. Ma tching together in Mexico. 1. (b) Esther Cleveland was born in the White House on September Chronology 9, 1893. Her mother, Frances, gave There have been 17 documented birth to her second daughter in the White House weddings. That of

11 December 29, 2004 VOLUME 4, IS SUE 4

An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program All the P residents’ Books

The history of presidential memoir ... In truth, Keeping Fait h is writing is, in sum, a history of not nearly as good as Carter’s failure. For the most part, presiden- affecting memoir of growing up in tial memoirs offer little in the way Georgia, A n Hour Before Daylight: of insight into or understanding of M emories o f a Rural Boyhood . the men who have held the nation’s We should not be too disappointed highest office. They’re mostly by these judgments: Presidents are written to celebrate a president’s politicians, after all, not memoir- triumphs while excusing his fail- ists. Even so, there is one notable ures. Only one really manages to exception amid the field of medi- rise above the banal to open a real ocrities—the most popular and window onto a leader’s soul and widely read memoir by a president, qualify as a genuine literary achieve- written by Ulysses S. Grant. ment. As for the rest, when they’re When he published Grant’s M emoirs not self-serving, they’re shallow, in 1885, Mark Twain, who was dull and lined with boilerplate. astonished at the sophistication of Even Ronald Reagan, the Great the writing, compared it to Caesar’s Communicator, was less than great Commentaries . Grant’s book is a when it came to writing his own stunning piece of literature, made all story. Americans looking in the the better by the fact that he wisely wake of his death, for a key to his focused his attention on the Civil War personality, an explanation of this LIBR ARY OF C ONGRES S, PRINT S AND PHOTOGR APHS DIVISION and not on his presidency. Written vision and an understanding of his Ba t tling thr o a t canc er, P r esident Ulysses S. Grant in 13 months, the work is entirely legacy won’t find much of any of that f inished his memoir s da ys befor e his de a th. T he Grant’s own. And Grant did not write book became a best -seller. in Ronald Reagan: A n A merican either to retrieve his reputation or to Li fe, published in 1990. ... gain public office, but like Truman, James Buchanan, the first president to write his to stave off bankruptcy. But where Truman failed, Grant memoirs, could have used a ghostwriter. Published in succeeded. With Twain urging him on, he struggled through 1866, the book is as forgettable as his presidency. ... the pain and exhaustion of his battle with throat cancer Buchanan and Hoover were typical of many presidents to finish the work; he did so just days before his death. in the first 150 years of the republic who decided to write ... While it’s long, the writing is spare and straightfor- memoirs. For the most part, failed ones needed to explain ward; the greater the military crisis, it seems, the greater their actions; successful ones didn’t. George Washington Grant’s restraint. He admits his fears without embar- retired to Mount Vernon and kept silent, Thomas Jefferson rassment. The result is a fast-paced, unaffected story returned to Monticello and wrote letters, and Andrew that is, in the words of the critic Edmund Wilson, “ a Jackson went home to the Hermitage, where he struggled unique expression of national character.” In a life full of to pay his son’s debts. The one exception to this early rule heroic moments, Grant’s struggle to finish his memoirs was Teddy Roosevelt. An explorer, naturalist, politician, might have been his greatest. His wife, Julia, reaped the soldier and writer, Roosevelet was a strong president and an benefits—collecting more than $450,000 in royalties, an unforgettable man. But he, too, wrote a forgettable memoir. enormous sum at the time. No other president has ever T heodore Roosev elt: A n Autobiograph y lacks the penned a book that matches the power of Grant’s M emoirs. man’s vibrancy and reads like a series of predictable moralisms devoid of the biting insights that character- ized his public pronouncements. ... Roosevelt was a Excerpts from Mark Perry’s June 13, 2004, crit ique prodigious and talented writer, whose works on natu- o f president ial memoirs written before t he release o f ralism (T he Winning o f t he West) and the Spanish- former President Clinton’s My Life. Perry is t he aut hor o f American War (T he Rough Riders) are lively and compel- Grant and Twain: The Story of a Friendship That Changed ling in precisely the way his autobiography isn’t. America.

12 DecemberJune 13, 2004 29, 2004 VOLUME 4, IS SUE 4

An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program

Rec ent No t able Books

Adler, David. A P icture Book: Dwight David Eisenhower Biograph y o f 34t h president

Armstrong, Jennifer. T heodore Roosev elt: Letters F rom a Young Coal Miner Through fictional letters the president, his lively family and the conditions in the mines in early 1900 are presented. From Dear Mr. President series.

Bausum, Ann. Our Country’s Presidents A National Geographic Society portrait of the presidents; divided into six chronological sections, presidents are seen in context of their times.

Bornemann, Karen. F ranklin D . Roosev elt A biography that brings one of the greatest presidents to life, includes places to visit. United States Presidents series.

De Young, C. Coco. A Letter to Mrs. Roosev elt A letter from a girl in Penn. seeks help in saving her family’s home during the Depression

Ferrie, Richard. T he Wor ld Turned Upside Down: Georg e Washington and t he Batt le o f Yorktown Maps, photos and chart aid the lively account of the battle. Meet Washington the military leader.

Fradin, Dennis. T he Signers: T he 5 6 Stories Behind t he Declarat ion o f I ndependence The diverse group who pledged their lives, fortunes and honor to American freedom

St. George, Judith. J ohn and Abigail A dams: A n A merican Lov e Story Based on letters exchanged between the two as he fulfilled his public duties; etchings, drawings and photographs to illustrate

Recommended by CBC and NCSS

13 December 29, 2004 Presidential Trivia

Multiple Choice. Select the correct answer from the choices given. There may be more than one correct answer.

_____1. He believed that shaking hands was beneath _____ 4. Which two former presidents a president. He would bow to his guests. celebrated their 91st birthdays? a. James Buchanan a. John Adams b. Calvin Coolidge b. Gerald Ford c. Martin Van Buren c. Herbert Hoover d. George Washington d. Ronald Reagan

_____ 2. Which of these presidents died on July 4? _____ 5. Which president rose from clerk in a store to a. John Adams general to President of the United States in seven years? b. Thomas Jefferson a. Dwight D. Eisenhower c. James Monroe b. Ulysses S. Grant d. Zachary Taylor c. William Henry Harrison d. Harry S. Truman _____ 3. His library of approximately 6,000 books was purchased for $23,950 to help start the Library of Congress. a. John Quincy Adams b. James Garfield c. Thomas Jefferson d. John Tyler

Matching. Match the president with the trivia that is true of him. _____ 1. Millard Fillmore a. president when gaslights were installed in the White House _____ 2. James Madison b. could not vote for himself for president because he was not registered _____ 3. James Monroe c. first president to wear long trousers _____ 4. James Know Polk d. president when a bathtub was installed in the White House _____ 5. Zachary Taylor e. first president to have been a U.S. senator

Fill-in-the-Blank 1. Name the eight presidents born in Virginia.

______

2. Name the seven presidents born in Ohio.

______

______VOLUME 4, IS SUE 4

An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program P residential Trivia Answer s

Multiple Choic e James Madison 3. James Madison (4th), Port 1. (d) Born: March 16, 1751 Conway, March 16, 1751 2. (a, b, c) John Adams and Thomas Died: June 28, 1836 4. James Monroe (5th), Westmoreland Jefferson on July 4, 1826. James Age at death: 85 years, 104 days County, April 28, 1758 Monroe on July 4, 1831, in New 5. William Henry Harrison (9th), York, NY. Zachary Taylor ate cher- T homas Jef fer son Berkeley, February 9, 1773 ries and milk at a hot July 4, 1850, Born: April 13, 1743 6. John Tyler (10th), ceremony to break ground for the Died: July 4, 1826 Greenway, March 29, 1790 Washington Monument; he became Age at death: 83 years, 82 days 7. Zachary Taylor (12th), near ill and died in office five days later. Barboursville, November 24, 1784 Some historians do not accept gastro- Richar d Milhous Nixon 8. Woodrow Wilson (28th), enteritis as the cause of death. The Born: January 9, 1913 Staunton, December 28, 1856 remains of President Taylor were Died: April 22, 1994 exhumed and samples of hair and Age at death: 81 years, 103 days 2. The seven presidents born in Ohio. fingernail were tested by forensic 5. (b) When the War Between the 1. Ulysses Simpson Grant (18th), scientists in 1991. [Visit htt p: //www. States began, Ulysses S. Grant was Point Pleasant, April 27, 1822 ornl.gov /O RNLReview /rev 27- working as a clerk in his father’s 2. Rutherford Birchard Hayes 12 /text /ansside6.html for official leather store in Galena, Ill. Although (19th), Delaware, October 4, 1822 results of the investigation] Grant graduated from West Point, he 3. James Abram Garfield (20th), 3. (c) planned to be a professor of math- Orange, November 19, 1831 4. (b, d) Ronald Reagan and Gerald ematics. He served in the Mexican 4. Benjamin Harrison (23rd), Ford both celebrated their 91st birth- War and then in the Civil War was North Bend, August 20, 1833 days. On July 14, 2004, Ford became appointed General of the Armies. 5. William McKinley (25th), the second former U.S. president Niles, January 29, 1843 to live to be 91. After the death of Ma tching 6. William Howard Taft (27th), Ronald Reagan, Ford became the 1. (d) Fillmore was also presi- Cincinnati, September 15, 1857 oldest living former President. dent when a kitchen stove and 7. Warren Gamaliel Harding (29th), library were installed in the near Corsica, November 2, 1865 R onald R e agan White House for the first time Born: February 6, 1911 2. (c) Knee breeches were worn Died: June 5, 2004 by all previous presidents. James Age at death: 93 years, 119 days Madison was also the shortest and lightest president: 5 feet, 4 inches John A dams and weighing less than 100 pounds Born: October 30, 1735 3. (e) Died: July 4, 1826 4. (a) Age at death: 90 years, 247 days 5. (b) Zachary Taylor, a soldier who moved often, never Herbert Clark Hoover voted until he was 62. Born: August 10, 1874 Died: October 20, 1964 F ill in the Blank Age at death: 90 years, 71 days 1. The eight presidents born in Virginia: 1. George Washington (1st), Harry S. Truman Westmoreland County, FILE PHOTO BY HARRY NALTCHAYAN—THE WASHINGTON PO S T Born: May 8, 1884 February 22, 1732 P r esident R onald R e agan, right, is f lanked b y Died: December 26, 1972 2. Thomas Jefferson (3rd), former pr esidents Gerald For d, far left, and Age at death: 88 years, 232 days Shadwell, April 13, 1743 Richar d Nixon in Oct ober 1981 during a speech about slain E gyptian pr esident An w ar Sada t.

15 December 29, 2004 VOLUME 4, IS SUE 4

An In tegra ted C urric ulum For The Washington Po s t Newsp aper In Educ a tion Program

A cademic Content S t andar ds

T his lesson addresses academ ic content standards o f Maryland, Virginia and t he District o f Co lumbia.

Maryland V ir ginia Washington, D.C.

Social Stud ies, Po lit ical Gov ernment Social Stud ies Science, Grade 8. The student will demonstrate Political Ideas, Turning Points, Political Science. Grade 8: knowledge of the organization and and Institutions. Grade 3: The Students will describe the evolu- powers of the national government by student explains how government tion of the U.S. political system • examining the legislative, does or does not provide for needs as expressed in the United States executive, and judicial branches; and wants of people, establish order Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. • analyzing the relationship and security, and manage conflict. • Explain the impact of prece- between the three branches in a dence in the Office of the President system of checks and balances. A merican Gov ernment. such as the establishment of a Authority, Responsibility and cabinet and foreign policy. Civics and Econom ics Power. The student identifies elected The student will demonstrate and appointed officials and their Gov ernment knowledge of how public policy authority and responsibilities; inves- Political Systems. The student will is made at the local, state, and tigates relationships among govern- demonstrate an understanding of the national levels of government by mental authority, social justice, historical development and current • examining the roles and individual liberty, and public safety. status of principles, institutions, powers of the executive branch. and processes of political systems. Principles and Practices. The 1.1.4: The student will explain roles Eng lish student explains the roles and and analyze strategies individuals Reading, Grade 7: The student responsibilities of the branches or groups use to initiate change in will read and demonstrate compre- of government—executive, government policy and institutions. hension of a variety of informa- legislative and judicial system 1.2: The student will evaluate tional texts. Describe how word —in the United States. how the United States govern- choice and language structure ment has maintained a balance convey an author’s viewpoint. Eng lish between protecting rights Language as Meaning Making. and maintaining order. Writing, Grade 7: The student Students comprehend and will develop narrative, exposi- compose a wide range of written, Eng lish tory and persuasive writing. oral and visual texts in the Students will read, comprehend, process of making meaning. interpret, analyze and evaluate infor- mational texts. Develop comprehen- sion skills by reading a variety of self-selected and assigned informa- tional texts. Grade 3: newspapers; Grade 8: editorials and commentary.

A c omplete list o f S t a te Content S t andar ds A c omplete list o f S t andar ds o f L e arning o f A c omplete list o f S t andar ds for Te aching o f Maryland can be found a t http://www. Vir ginia can be found on the Web a t http:// and L e arning o f the District o f Columbia mdk12. or g/mspp /st andar ds/. www.pen.k12.va.us/. P ublic Schools can be found a t http:// www.k12.dc.us.

16 December 29, 2004