INTRODUCTION Sapsucking Is an Uncommon Behavioral Trait
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Redalyc.In Vitro Isolation and Identification of Leucoagaricus
Revista Mexicana de Micología ISSN: 0187-3180 [email protected] Sociedad Mexicana de Micología México Espinoza, César; Zavala Izquierdo, Inés; Couttolenc, Alan; Landa-Cadena, Gandhi; Valenzuela, Jorge; Trigos, Ángel In vitro isolation and identification of Leucoagaricus gongylophorus from Atta mexicana (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) fungal garden Revista Mexicana de Micología, vol. 46, julio-diciembre, 2017, pp. 3-8 Sociedad Mexicana de Micología Xalapa, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=88355481002 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Scientia Fungorum vol. 46: 3-8 2017 In vitro isolation and identification of Leucoagaricus gongylophorus from Atta mexicana (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) fungal garden Aislamiento in vitro e identificación de Leucoagaricus gongylophorus de un jardín de hongos de Atta mexicana (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) César Espinoza1, Inés Zavala Izquierdo1, Alan Couttolenc1, Gandhi Landa-Cadena1, Jorge Valenzuela2, Ángel Trigos1 1Laboratorio de Alta Tecnología de Xalapa, Universidad Veracruzana. Médicos 5, Unidad del Bosque, 91010, Xalapa, Veracruz, México., 2Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, 91070, Veracruz, México. Ángel Trigos, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Background: The leaf-cutter ant species (Atta and Acromirmex) have a mutualistic relationship with the basidiomycete fungus Leucoa garicus gongylophorus (Agaricaceae). This relationship is crucial to the life cycles of both organisms. Objectives: Due to the lack of reports about isolation of the fungus cultivated by the ant Atta mexicana (Formicidae), the objectives of this work were in vitro isolation and identification of L. -
Behavioral Strategies of Phorid Parasitoids and Responses of Their Hosts, the Leaf-Cutting Ants
Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 12 | Article 135 Elizalde and Folgarait Behavioral strategies of phorid parasitoids and responses of their hosts, the leaf-cutting ants Luciana Elizalde1,2a*, Patricia Julia Folgarait1b 1Laboratorio de Hormigas, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina 2Laboratorio Ecotono, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina Downloaded from Abstract Host-searching and oviposition behaviors of parasitoids, and defensive responses of the hosts, are fundamental in shaping the ecology of host-parasitoid interactions. In order to uncover key behavioral features for the little known interactions between phorid parasitoids (Diptera: http://jinsectscience.oxfordjournals.org/ Phoridae) and their leaf-cutting ant hosts (Formicidae: Attini), host-related behavioral strategies (i.e., host searching and oviposition) for 13 phorid species, and host defensive responses (i.e., hitchhikers and particular body postures) for 11 ant species, were studied. Data was collected at 14 localities, one of them characterized by its high species richness for this host-parasitoid system. Phorid species showed both great variation and specificity in attacking behaviors. Some chose their hosts using either an ambush or an actively searching strategy, while some species attacked ants on different body parts, and specialized on ants performing different tasks, such as when ants were foraging, removing wastes to refuse piles, or repairing the nest. Combining all by guest on June 6, 2016 the behaviors recorded, most phorid species differed in performance in at least one, making it possible to recognize species in the field through their behavior. Phorid species that attacked hosts with greater activity levels showed overall higher attack rates, although there was no significant correlation between attack rates by most phorid species and ant activity outside the nest while parasitoids were attacking. -
Ant–Fungus Species Combinations Engineer Physiological Activity Of
© 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | The Journal of Experimental Biology (2014) 217, 2540-2547 doi:10.1242/jeb.098483 RESEARCH ARTICLE Ant–fungus species combinations engineer physiological activity of fungus gardens J. N. Seal1,2,*, M. Schiøtt3 and U. G. Mueller2 ABSTRACT such complexity, the fungus-gardening insects have evolved obligate Fungus-gardening insects are among the most complex organisms macro-symbioses with specific clades of fungi, and use fungal because of their extensive co-evolutionary histories with obligate symbionts essentially as an external digestive organ that allows the fungal symbionts and other microbes. Some fungus-gardening insect insect to thrive on otherwise non-digestible substrates, such as lineages share fungal symbionts with other members of their lineage structural carbohydrates of plants (e.g. cellulose) (Aanen et al., and thus exhibit diffuse co-evolutionary relationships, while others 2002; Aylward et al., 2012a; Aylward et al., 2012b; Bacci et al., exhibit little or no symbiont sharing, resulting in host–fungus fidelity. 1995; Farrell et al., 2001; De Fine Licht and Biedermann, 2012; The mechanisms that maintain this symbiont fidelity are currently Martin, 1987a; Mueller et al., 2005). One of the most striking unknown. Prior work suggested that derived leaf-cutting ants in the attributes of these symbioses is the degree of physiological genus Atta interact synergistically with leaf-cutter fungi (Attamyces) integration: the insect host functions as a distributor of fungal by exhibiting higher fungal growth rates and enzymatic activities than enzymes, which digest plant fibers external to the insect’s body when growing a fungus from the sister-clade to Attamyces (so-called (Aanen and Eggleton, 2005; Aylward et al., 2012b; De Fine Licht ‘Trachymyces’), grown primarily by the non-leaf cutting and Biedermann, 2012; De Fine Licht et al., 2013; Martin, 1987b; Trachymyrmex ants that form, correspondingly, the sister-clade to Schiøtt et al., 2010). -
Survey of Leaf-Cutting Ant Species in Native Vegetation and Monocultures in the State of Goiás, Brazil Levantamento De Espécie
Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi. Cienc. Nat., Belém, v. 15, n. 1, p. 237-241, jan.-abr. 2020 Survey of leaf-cutting ant species in native vegetation and monocultures in the State of Goiás, Brazil Levantamento de espécies de formigas cortadeiras em vegetação nativa e monoculturas no estado de Goiás, Brasil Filipe Viegas de ArrudaI | Marcos Antônio PesqueroII | Marcos Filipe PesqueroIII | João Danillo dos SantosIII IUniversidade Estadual de Goiás. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais do Cerrado. Anápolis, Goiás, Brasil IIUniversidade Estadual de Goiás. Morrinhos, Goiás, Brasil IIIUniversidade Federal do Tocantins. Porto Nacional, Tocantins, Brasil Abstract: Leaf-cutting ants are distributed exclusively in the Americas. For this study, we sampled different areas of native vegetation and monocultures to survey the leaf-cutting ants that occur in the State of Goiás, and to what environments they are associated. We recorded six species of leaf-cutting ants: Atta sexdens, Atta laevigata, Acromyrmex subterraneus, Acromyrmex disciger, Acromyrmex ambiguus, and Acromyrmex hispidus. The last four were registered for the first time for the State of Goiás. Keywords: Savanna. Colony density. Agriculture. Diversity. Resumo: As formigas cortadeiras apresentam distribuição exclusiva nas Américas. Durante a realização do presente estudo, foram amostradas diferentes áreas de vegetação nativa e de monoculturas, com o intuito de fazer um levantamento das espécies de formigas cortadeiras que ocorrem em Goiás e sobre quais são os ambientes aos quais elas estão associadas. Durante o presente estudo, foram registradas seis espécies de formigas cortadeiras: Atta sexdens, Atta laevigata, Acromyrmex subterraneus, Acromyrmex disciger, Acromyrmex hispidus e Acromyrmex ambiguus, sendo que as últimas quatro foram registradas pela primeira vez para o estado de Goiás. -
Composição Da Assembleia De Formigas Em Três Fitofisionomias Do Parque Estadual Do Ibitipoca – Mg
Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas Mestrado em Comportamento e Biologia Animal Noelle Martins dos Reis Hallack COMPOSIÇÃO DA ASSEMBLEIA DE FORMIGAS EM TRÊS FITOFISIONOMIAS DO PARQUE ESTADUAL DO IBITIPOCA – MG Juiz de Fora 2010 Noelle Martins dos Reis Hallack COMPOSIÇÃO DA ASSEMBLEIA DE FORMIGAS EM TRÊS FITOFISIONOMIAS DO PARQUE ESTADUAL DO IBITIPOCA – MG Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do Título de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas (Área de concentração em Comportamento e Biologia Animal). Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Juliane Floriano Lopes Santos Juiz de Fora 2010 Noelle Martins dos Reis Hallack COMPOSIÇÃO DA ASSEMBLEIA DE FORMIGAS EM TRÊS FITOFISIONOMIAS DO PARQUE ESTADUAL DO IBITIPOCA – MG Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do Título de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas (Área de concentração em Comportamento e Biologia Animal). Aprovada em 31 de maio de 2010. BANCA EXAMINADORA Dr. Marcelo Dias Müller Embrapa Gado de Leite – Juiz de Fora Dr. Fábio Prezoto Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora – MG Dra. Juliane Floriano Lopes Santos Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora – MG À minha amada Lania, que se foi, e ao meu pequeno Theo, que chegou. AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, o único responsável por tornar tudo isso possível. A minha orientadora Juliane Floriano Lopes Santos pela ajuda incansável, pela dedicação e confiança, pela paciência e principalmente pela grande amizade construída ao longo deste trabalho. Você sempre me ensinou muito, e muito além da ciência. -
Diversity of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Inside and Outside Hives of the Western Honey Bee Apis Mellifera L
44 ChileanChilean J. Agric. J. Agric. Anim. Anim. Sci., exSci., Agro-Ciencia ex Agro-Ciencia (2020) (2020) 36(1): 36(1):44-51.44-51. DOI: 10.29393/CHJAAS36-1D40001 ISSN 0719-3882 print ISSN 0719-3890 online DIVERSITY OF ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) INSIDE AND OUTSIDE HIVES OF THE WESTERN HONEY BEE APIS MELLIFERA L. (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE), JUJUY, ARGENTINA Gisela Beatriz Ruiz1, 2* and Marcelo Benítez Ahrendts 1, 2 1 Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida Bolivia 1239, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy,Argentina. 2 Laboratorio de Microbiología y Sanidad Apícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina; [email protected] * Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Ants are frequent visitors to Apis mellifera L. hives. Certain species may cause serious loss of productivity to apiculture. The objective of this study was to describe the diversity and abundance of ants both outside and inside the hives of Apis mellifera L. in Valles Templados, Jujuy province, Argentine. Ants were collected by hand and pitfall traps in the Spring and Summer season of 2016, 2017 and 2018, in apiaries found at three different localities of Valles Templados: Río Blanco, Tilquiza and Severino. Pitfall trapping resulted in 824 specimens belonging to 10 species in Severino, 208 individuals of 9 species in Tilquiza, and 289 individuals of 2 species in Río Blanco. The most common ant species found were: Pheidole sp. (56.07%), Linepithema humile (94.81%), and Solenopsis sp. (56.73%) in Severino, Rio Blanco and Tilquiza, respectively. -
Foraging Ecology of the Desert Leaf-Cutting Ant, Acromyrmex Versicolor, in Arizona (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256979550 Foraging ecology of the desert leaf-cutting ant, Acromyrmex versicolor, in Arizona (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Article in Sociobiology · January 2001 CITATIONS READS 13 590 3 authors, including: James K. Wetterer Florida Atlantic University 184 PUBLICATIONS 3,058 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Ant stuff View project Systematics and Evolution of the Tapinoma ants (Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) from the Neotropical region View project All content following this page was uploaded by James K. Wetterer on 17 May 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. 1 Foraging Ecology of the Desert Leaf-Cutting Ant, Acromyrmex versicolor, in Arizona (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) by James K. Wetterer1,2, Anna G. Himler1, & Matt M. Yospin1 ABSTRACT The desert would seem to be an inhospitable place for leaf-cutting ants (Acromyrmex spp. and Atta spp.), both because the leaves of desert perennials are notably well-defended, both chemically and physically, and because leaf-cutters grow a fungus that requires constant high humidity. We investigated strategies that leaf-cutters use to survive in arid environments by examining foraging activity, resource use, forager size, load size, and nesting ecology of the desert leaf-cutting ant, Acromyrmex versicolor, at 12 colonies from 6 sites in Arizona during June, August, and November 1997, and March 1998. The ants showed striking seasonal changes in materials harvested, apparently in response to changes in the availability of preferred resources. Acromyrmex versicolor foragers (n = 800) most commonly collected dry vegetation (54.3% of all loads), but also harvested ephem- eral resources, such as dry flowers (18.6%), fresh young leaves (18.5%), fruits and seeds (4.0%), and fresh flowers (3.5%), when seasonally available. -
Low Host-Pathogen Specificity in the Leaf-Cutting Ant-Microbe Symbiosis Stephen J
PROCEEDINGS OF ' Proc. R. Soc. B (2007) 274, 1971-1978 THE ROYAL doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0431 SOCIETY Published online 5 June 2007 Low host-pathogen specificity in the leaf-cutting ant-microbe symbiosis Stephen J. Taerumlz'T, Matias J. Cafaro11,3,4'3'4, Ainslie E. F. Little.1,2,3 Ted R. Schultz5 and Cameron R. Currie 1,2,3,$ 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA 2Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Republic of Panama 3 Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison at Madison, Madison, WI53706, USA Departamento de Biologia, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Mayagiiez, PR 00681, USA 5Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013, USA Host-parasite associations are shaped by coevolutionary dynamics. One example is the complex fungus- growing ant-microbe symbiosis, which includes ancient host-parasite coevolution. Fungus-growing ants and the fungi they cultivate for food have an antagonistic symbiosis with Escovopsis, a specialized microfungus that infects the ants' fungus gardens. The evolutionary histories of the ant, cultivar and Escovopsis are highly congruent at the deepest phylogenetic levels, with specific parasite lineages exclusively associating with corresponding groups of ants and cultivar. Here, we examine host-parasite specificity at finer phylogenetic levels, within the most derived clade of fungus-growing ants, the leaf-cutters (Atta spp. and Acromyrmex spp.). Our molecular phylogeny of Escovopsis isolates from the leaf-cutter ant-microbe symbiosis confirms specificity at the broad phylogenetic level, but reveals frequent host-switching events between species and genera of leaf-cutter ants. -
Plant-Arthropod Interactions: a Behavioral Approach
Psyche Plant-Arthropod Interactions: A Behavioral Approach Guest Editors: Kleber Del-Claro, Monique Johnson, and Helena Maura Torezan-Silingardi Plant-Arthropod Interactions: A Behavioral Approach Psyche Plant-Arthropod Interactions: A Behavioral Approach Guest Editors: Kleber Del-Claro, Monique Johnson, and Helena Maura Torezan-Silingardi Copyright © 2012 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “Psyche.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board Toshiharu Akino, Japan Lawrence G. Harshman, USA Lynn M. Riddiford, USA Sandra Allan, USA Abraham Hefetz, Israel S. K. A. Robson, Australia Arthur G. Appel, USA John Heraty, USA C. Rodriguez-Saona, USA Michel Baguette, France Richard James Hopkins, Sweden Gregg Roman, USA Donald Barnard, USA Fuminori Ito, Japan David Roubik, USA Rosa Barrio, Spain DavidG.James,USA Leopoldo M. Rueda, USA David T. Bilton, UK Bjarte H. Jordal, Norway Bertrand Schatz, France Guy Bloch, Israel Russell Jurenka, USA Sonja J. Scheffer, USA Anna-karin Borg-karlson, Sweden Debapratim Kar Chowdhuri, India Rudolf H. Scheffrahn, USA M. D. Breed, USA Jan Klimaszewski, Canada Nicolas Schtickzelle, Belgium Grzegorz Buczkowski, USA Shigeyuki Koshikawa, USA Kent S. Shelby, USA Rita Cervo, Italy Vladimir Kostal, Czech Republic Toru Shimada, Japan In Sik Chung, Republic of Korea Opender Koul, India Dewayne Shoemaker, USA C. Claudianos, Australia Ai-Ping Liang, China Chelsea T. Smartt, USA David Bruce Conn, USA Paul Linser, USA Pradya Somboon, Thailand J. Corley, Argentina Nathan Lo, Australia George J. Stathas, Greece Leonardo Dapporto, Italy Jean N. -
Diversity of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Inside and Outside Hives of the Western Honey Bee Apis Mellifera L
44 ChileanChilean J. Agric. J. Agric. Anim. Anim. Sci., exSci., Agro-Ciencia ex Agro-Ciencia (2020) (2020) 36(1): 36(1):44-51.44-51. https://doi.org/10.29393/CHJAAS36-1D40001 ISSN 0719-3882 print ISSN 0719-3890 online DIVERSITY OF ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) INSIDE AND OUTSIDE HIVES OF THE WESTERN HONEY BEE APIS MELLIFERA L. (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE), JUJUY, ARGENTINA Gisela Beatriz Ruiz1, 2* and Marcelo Benítez Ahrendts 1, 2 1 Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida Bolivia 1239, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy,Argentina. 2 Laboratorio de Microbiología y Sanidad Apícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina; [email protected] * Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Ants are frequent visitors to Apis mellifera L. hives. Certain species may cause serious loss of productivity to apiculture. The objective of this study was to describe the diversity and abundance of ants both outside and inside the hives of Apis mellifera L. in Valles Templados, Jujuy province, Argentine. Ants were collected by hand and pitfall traps in the Spring and Summer season of 2016, 2017 and 2018, in apiaries found at three different localities of Valles Templados: Río Blanco, Tilquiza and Severino. Pitfall trapping resulted in 824 specimens belonging to 10 species in Severino, 208 individuals of 9 species in Tilquiza, and 289 individuals of 2 species in Río Blanco. The most common ant species found were: Pheidole sp. (56.07%), Linepithema humile (94.81%), and Solenopsis sp. (56.73%) in Severino, Rio Blanco and Tilquiza, respectively. -
V. 15 N. 1 Janeiro/Abril De 2020
v. 15 n. 1 janeiro/abril de 2020 Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Ciências Naturais v. 15, n. 1 janeiro-abril 2020 BOLETIM DO MUSEU PARAENSE EMÍLIO GOELDI. CIÊNCIAS NATURAIS (ISSN 2317-6237) O Boletim do Museu Paraense de História Natural e Ethnographia foi criado por Emílio Goeldi e o primeiro fascículo surgiu em 1894. O atual Boletim é sucedâneo daquele. IMAGEM DA CAPA Elaborada por Rony Peterson The Boletim do Museu Paraense de História Natural e Ethnographia was created by Santos Almeida e Lívia Pires Emilio Goeldi, and the first number was issued in 1894. The present one is the do Prado. successor to this publication. EDITOR CIENTÍFICO Fernando da Silva Carvalho Filho EDITORES DO NÚMERO ESPECIAL Lívia Pires do Prado Rony Peterson Santos Almeida EDITORES ASSOCIADOS Adriano Oliveira Maciel Alexandra Maria Ramos Bezerra Aluísio José Fernandes Júnior Débora Rodrigues de Souza Campana José Nazareno Araújo dos Santos Junior Valéria Juliete da Silva William Leslie Overal CONSELHO EDITORIAL CIENTÍFICO Ana Maria Giulietti - Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana - Feira de Santana - Brasil Augusto Shinya Abe - Universidade Estadual Paulista - Rio Claro - Brasil Carlos Afonso Nobre - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - São José dos Campos - Brasil Douglas C. Daly - New York Botanical Garden - New York - USA Hans ter Steege - Utrecht University - Utrecht - Netherlands Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira - Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - Belém - Brasil John Bates - Field Museum of Natural History - Chicago - USA José Maria Cardoso da -
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Myrmecological News 20 Digital supplementary material Digital supplementary material to LANAN, M. 2014: Spatiotemporal resource distribution and foraging strategies of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). – Myrmecological News 20: 53-70. Tab. S1: Data and citations for information presented in Figure 3 and Figure S1. Note that no data in any column indi- cates a lack of reports in the literature. For instance, no data in the column for nesting strategy should not be interpreted as a positive report of strict monodomy, and ants may collect foods that have not been reported. Species Resource collected Foraging strategy Nesting strategy Acanthognathus rudis Small prey: collembola Solitary foraging (GRONENBERG & al. 1998) (GRONENBERG & al. 1998) Acromyrmex ambiguus Leaves (FOWLER 1985, Trunk trails, partially subterranean (FOWLER SAVERSCHEK & ROCES 2011) 1985) trails (SAVERSCHEK & ROCES 2011) Acromyrmex balzani Grass (LOPES & al. 2004) Recruitment, type = ? (LOPES & al. 2004) Polydomy (ICHINOSE Solitary foraging (PODEROSO & al. 2009) & al. 2006) Solitary foraging (FOWLER 1985) Acromyrmex coronatus Leaves (WETTERER 1995) Trunk trails (WETTERER 1995) Acromyrmex crassispinus Leaves (FOWLER 1985) Two to five trunk trails (FOWLER 1985) Acromyrmex disciger Leaves (FOWLER 1985) Trunk trails (FOWLER 1985) Acromyrmex fracticornis Grass (FOWLER & ROBINSON 1977) Solitary (FOWLER & ROBINSON 1977) Acromyrmex heyeri Grass (BOLLAZZI & ROCES 2011) Trunk trails (FOWLER 1985, BOLLAZZI & ROCES 2011) Acromyrmex hispidus fallax Leaves (FOWLER 1985) Trunk trails (FOWLER 1985) Acromyrmex laticeps Leaves (FOWLER 1985) Trunk trails (FOWLER 1985) Acromyrmex lobicornis Leaves (ELIZALDE & FARJI-BERNER Trunk trails (ELIZALDE & FARJI-BERNER 2012) 2012) Acromyrmex lundii Leaves (FOWLER 1988), mush- Trunk trails (FOWLER 1988) rooms (LECHNER & JOSENS 2012) Acromyrmex niger Leaves (SOUSA-SOUTO & al. 2005) Trunk trails (SOUSA-SOUTO & al.