What's Eating You? Ixodes Ticks
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Vector Hazard Report: Ticks of the Continental United States
Vector Hazard Report: Ticks of the Continental United States Notes, photos and habitat suitability models gathered from The Armed Forces Pest Management Board, VectorMap and The Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit VectorMap Armed Forces Pest Management Board Table of Contents 1. Background 4. Host Densities • Tick-borne diseases - Human Density • Climate of CONUS -Agriculture • Monthly Climate Maps • Tick-borne Disease Prevalence maps 5. References 2. Notes on Medically Important Ticks • Ixodes scapularis • Amblyomma americanum • Dermacentor variabilis • Amblyomma maculatum • Dermacentor andersoni • Ixodes pacificus 3. Habitat Suitability Models: Tick Vectors • Ixodes scapularis • Amblyomma americanum • Ixodes pacificus • Amblyomma maculatum • Dermacentor andersoni • Dermacentor variabilis Background Within the United States there are several tick-borne diseases (TBD) to consider. While most are not fatal, they can be quite debilitating and many have no known treatment or cure. Within the U.S., ticks are most active in the warmer months (April to September) and are most commonly found in forest edges with ample leaf litter, tall grass and shrubs. It is important to check yourself for ticks and tick bites after exposure to such areas. Dogs can also be infected with TBD and may also bring ticks into your home where they may feed on humans and spread disease (CDC, 2014). This report contains a list of common TBD along with background information about the vectors and habitat suitability models displaying predicted geographic distributions. Many tips and other information on preventing TBD are provided by the CDC, AFPMB or USAPHC. Back to Table of Contents Tick-Borne Diseases in the U.S. Lyme Disease Lyme disease is caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi and the primary vector is Ixodes scapularis or more commonly known as the blacklegged or deer tick. -
Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation in Ixodes Paci®Cus (Acari: Ixodidae)
Heredity 83 (1999) 378±386 Received 20 August 1998, accepted 7 July 1999 Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in Ixodes paci®cus (Acari: Ixodidae) DOUGLAS E. KAIN*, FELIX A. H. SPERLING , HOWELL V. DALY & ROBERT S. LANE Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, Division of Insect Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A. The western black-legged tick, Ixodes paci®cus, is a primary vector of the spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi, that causes Lyme disease. We used variation in a 355-bp DNA portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase III gene to assess the population structure of the tick across its range from British Columbia to southern California and east to Utah. Ixodes paci®cus showed considerable haplotype diversity despite low nucleotide diversity. Maximum parsimony and isolation- by-distance analyses revealed little genetic structure except between a geographically isolated Utah locality and all other localities. Loss of mtDNA polymorphism in Utah ticks is consistent with a post- Pleistocene founder event. The pattern of genetic dierentiation in the continuous part of the range of Ixodes paci®cus reinforces recent recognition of the diculties involved in using genetic frequency data to infer gene ¯ow and migration. Keywords: gene ¯ow, Ixodes paci®cus, Ixodidae, Lyme disease, mitochondrial DNA, population structure. Introduction stages of I. paci®cus each feed once and then drop from the host to moult or lay eggs under leaf litter (Peavey & The western black-legged tick, Ixodes paci®cus, is one of Lane, 1996). Eective gene ¯ow is likely to occur only the most medically important ticks in western North when there is sucient rainfall, ground cover and soil America. -
(Kir) Channels in Tick Salivary Gland Function Zhilin Li Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected]
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 3-26-2018 Characterizing the Physiological Role of Inward Rectifier Potassium (Kir) Channels in Tick Salivary Gland Function Zhilin Li Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Li, Zhilin, "Characterizing the Physiological Role of Inward Rectifier Potassium (Kir) Channels in Tick Salivary Gland Function" (2018). LSU Master's Theses. 4638. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4638 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHARACTERIZING THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE OF INWARD RECTIFIER POTASSIUM (KIR) CHANNELS IN TICK SALIVARY GLAND FUNCTION A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Entomology by Zhilin Li B.S., Northwest A&F University, 2014 May 2018 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my family (Mom, Dad, Jialu and Runmo) for their support to my decision, so I can come to LSU and study for my degree. I would also thank Dr. Daniel Swale for offering me this awesome opportunity to step into toxicology filed, ask scientific questions and do fantastic research. I sincerely appreciate all the support and friendship from Dr. -
Habitat Associations of Ixodes Scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in Syracuse, New York
SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Digital Commons @ ESF Honors Theses 5-2016 Habitat Associations of Ixodes Scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in Syracuse, New York Brigitte Wierzbicki Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/honors Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Wierzbicki, Brigitte, "Habitat Associations of Ixodes Scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in Syracuse, New York" (2016). Honors Theses. 106. https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/honors/106 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ ESF. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ ESF. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS OF IXODES SCAPULARIS (ACARI: IXODIDAE) IN SYRACUSE, NEW YORK By Brigitte Wierzbicki Candidate for Bachelor of Science Environmental and Forest Biology With Honors May,2016 APPROVED Thesis Project Advisor: Af ak Ck M issa K. Fierke, Ph.D. Second Reader: ~~ Nicholas Piedmonte, M.S. Honors Director: w44~~d. William M. Shields, Ph.D. Date: ~ / b / I & r I II © 2016 Copyright B. R. K. Wierzbicki All rights reserved. 111 ABSTRACT Habitat associations of Jxodes scapularis Say were described at six public use sites within Syracuse, New York. Adult, host-seeking blacklegged ticks were collected using tick flags in October and November, 2015 along two 264 m transects at each site, each within a distinct forest patch. We examined the association of basal area, leaf litter depth, and percent understory cover with tick abundance using negative binomial regression models. Models indicated tick abundance was negatively associated with percent understory cover, but was not associated with particular canopy or understory species. -
Mesostigmata No
16 (1) · 2016 Christian, A. & K. Franke Mesostigmata No. 27 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1 – 41 Acarological literature .................................................................................................................................................... 1 Publications 2016 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Publications 2015 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Publications, additions 2014 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Publications, additions 2013 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 18 Publications, additions 2012 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 20 Publications, additions 2011 ...................................................................................................................................................................... -
Toxicological Testing in Large Animals
Toxicological Testing in Large Animals Toxic causes of ill health and death in production animals are numerous. Toxin testing requires a specific toxin to be nominated as there is no suite of tests that covers all possibilities. Toxin testing is inherently expensive, requires specific sample types and false negatives can occur; for instance the toxin may have been eliminated from the body or be undetectable, but clinical signs may persist. Gribbles Veterinary Pathology can offer specific testing for a range of toxic substances, however it is important to consider the specific sample requirements and testing limitations for each toxin when advising your clients. Many tests are referred to external laboratories and may have extended turnaround times. Please contact the laboratory if you need testing for a specific toxin not listed here; we can often source unusual tests as needed from our network of referral laboratories. Clinicians should also consider syndromes which may mimic intoxication such as hypocalcaemia, hypoglycaemia, hepatic encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathies and primary CNS diseases. Examples of intoxicants that can be tested are provided below. See individual tests in the Pricelist for sample requirements and costs. Biological control agents Heavy metals • 1080 (fluoroacetate) • Arsenic • Strychnine • Lead • Synthetic pyrethroids • Copper • Organophosphates • Selenium • Organochlorines • Zinc • Carbamates • Metaldehyde • Anticoagulant rodenticides (warfarin, pindone, coumetetryl, bromadiolone, difenacoum, brodifacoum) -
Neuromuscular Disorders Neurology in Practice: Series Editors: Robert A
Neuromuscular Disorders neurology in practice: series editors: robert a. gross, department of neurology, university of rochester medical center, rochester, ny, usa jonathan w. mink, department of neurology, university of rochester medical center,rochester, ny, usa Neuromuscular Disorders edited by Rabi N. Tawil, MD Professor of Neurology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY, USA Shannon Venance, MD, PhD, FRCPCP Associate Professor of Neurology The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition fi rst published 2011, ® 2011 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientifi c, Technical and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered offi ce: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial offi ces: 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, USA For details of our global editorial offi ces, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell The right of the author to be identifi ed as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. -
Information About Tick Paralysis? Adapted From: CDC
Peachtree Street NW, 15th Floor Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3142 Georgia Department of Public Health www.health.state.ga.us Tick Paralysis Q&A What is tick paralysis? Tick paralysis refers to acute onset of paralysis caused by a tick bite. The condition is primarily found in the Rocky Mountain and northwestern regions of the United States and is rare in Georgia. The number of cases per year is unknown because physicians are not required to report cases of tick paralysis to Public Health. How is tick paralysis spread? Tick paralysis results from a neurotoxin that is secreted in the saliva of certain ticks when they feed. The tick must be attached for several days. Person‐to‐person transmission of tick paralysis has not been documented. Who gets tick paralysis? Anyone who is bitten by a tick can get tick paralysis, but it most commonly affects children less than 10 years of age. What are the symptoms of tick paralysis? The symptoms of tick paralysis include weakness in the legs and arms, followed by paralysis beginning in the legs and moving upward. If unrecognized, tick paralysis may progress to respiratory failure and may be fatal in 10% of cases. What is the treatment for tick paralysis? Treatment for tick paralysis is simply removal of the tick. Once the tick is found and removed, the patient recovers fully, often within a matter of hours. It is often difficult to find the tick, which can be attached to the scalp and hidden in the hair. What can be done to prevent the spread of tick paralysis? There are no vaccines to prevent tick‐borne disease, so limiting exposure to ticks is very important. -
Tick Paralysis
April 26, 1996 / Vol. 45 / No. 16 325 Tick Paralysis — Washington, 1995 326 Update: Influenza Activity — United States and Worldwide, 1995–96 Season, and Composition of the 1996–97 Influenza Vaccine 330 Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Outbreak on an HIV Ward — Madrid, Spain, 1991–1995 333 Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance — United States, Fourth Quarter, 1995 335 Notice to Readers Tick Paralysis — Washington, 1995 Tick Paralysisparalysis (tick— Continued toxicosis)—one of the eight most common tickborne diseases in the United States (1 )—is an acute, ascending, flaccid motor paralysis that can be con- fused with Guillain-Barré syndrome, botulism, and myasthenia gravis. This report summarizes the results of the investigation of a case of tick paralysis in Washington. On April 10, 1995, a 2-year-old girl who resided in Asotin County, Washington, was taken to the emergency department of a regional hospital because of a 2-day history of unsteady gait, difficulty standing, and reluctance to walk. Other than a recent his- tory of cough, she had been healthy and had not been injured. On physical examina- tion, she was afebrile, alert, and active but could stand only briefly before requiring assistance. Cranial nerve function was intact. However, she exhibited marked extrem- ity and mild truncal ataxia, and deep tendon reflexes were absent. She was admitted with a tentative diagnosis of either Guillain-Barré syndrome or postinfectious polyradiculopathy. Within several hours of hospitalization, she had onset of drooling and tachypnea. A nurse incidentally detected an engorged tick on the girl’s hairline by an ear and re- moved the tick. -
Artificial Feeding of All Consecutive Life Stages of Ixodes Ricinus
Article Artificial Feeding of All Consecutive Life Stages of Ixodes ricinus Nina Militzer 1, Alexander Bartel 2 , Peter-Henning Clausen 1, Peggy Hoffmann-Köhler 1 and Ard M. Nijhof 1,* 1 Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; [email protected] (N.M.); [email protected] (P.-H.C.); [email protected] (P.H.-K.) 2 Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-30-838-62326 Abstract: The hard tick Ixodes ricinus is an obligate hematophagous arthropod and the main vector for several zoonotic diseases. The life cycle of this three-host tick species was completed for the first time in vitro by feeding all consecutive life stages using an artificial tick feeding system (ATFS) on heparinized bovine blood supplemented with glucose, adenosine triphosphate, and gentamicin. Relevant physiological parameters were compared to ticks fed on cattle (in vivo). All in vitro feedings lasted significantly longer and the mean engorgement weight of F0 adults and F1 larvae and nymphs was significantly lower compared to ticks fed in vivo. The proportions of engorged ticks were significantly lower for in vitro fed adults and nymphs as well, but higher for in vitro fed larvae. F1-females fed on blood supplemented with vitamin B had a higher detachment proportion and engorgement weight compared to F1-females fed on blood without vitamin B, suggesting that vitamin B supplementation is essential in the artificial feeding of I. -
Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis in the United States from 2008 to 2012: a Summary of National Surveillance Data
Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 93(1), 2015, pp. 66–72 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.15-0122 Copyright © 2015 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis in the United States from 2008 to 2012: A Summary of National Surveillance Data F. Scott Dahlgren,* Kristen Nichols Heitman, Naomi A. Drexler, Robert F. Massung, and Casey Barton Behravesh Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, Tennessee Abstract. Human granulocytic anaplasmosis is an acute, febrile illness transmitted by the ticks Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus in the United States. We present a summary of passive surveillance data for cases of anaplasmosis with onset during 2008–2012. The overall reported incidence rate (IR) was 6.3 cases per million person-years. Cases were reported from 38 states and from New York City, with the highest incidence in Minnesota (IR = 97), Wisconsin (IR = 79), and Rhode Island (IR = 51). Thirty-seven percent of cases were classified as confirmed, almost exclusively by polymerase chain reaction. The reported case fatality rate was 0.3% and the reported hospitalization rate was 31%. IRs, hospi- talization rates, life-threatening complications, and case fatality rates increased with age group. The IR increased from 2008 to 2012 and the geographic range of reported cases of anaplasmosis appears to have increased since 2000–2007. Our findings are consistent with previous case series and recent reports of the expanding range of the tick vector I. scapularis. INTRODUCTION while PCR is highly specific, its sensitivity may be low (70%).4,20 A. -
Interrupted Blood Feeding in Ticks: Causes and Consequences
University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Plant Sciences and Entomology Faculty Publications Plant Sciences and Entomology 2020 Interrupted Blood Feeding in Ticks: Causes and Consequences Djamel Tahir Leon Meyer Josephus Fourie Frans Jongejan Thomas N. Mather University of Rhode Island, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/pls_facpubs Citation/Publisher Attribution Tahir, D.; Meyer, L.; Fourie, J.; Jongejan, F.; Mather, T.; Choumet, V.; Blagburn, B.; Straubinger, R.K.; Varloud, M. Interrupted Blood Feeding in Ticks: Causes and Consequences. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 910. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060910 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant Sciences and Entomology at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Plant Sciences and Entomology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Djamel Tahir, Leon Meyer, Josephus Fourie, Frans Jongejan, Thomas N. Mather, Valérie Choumet, Byron Blagburn, Reinhard K. Straubinger, and Marie Varloud This article is available at DigitalCommons@URI: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/pls_facpubs/36 Review Interrupted Blood Feeding in Ticks: Causes and Consequences Djamel Tahir 1, Leon Meyer 1, Josephus Fourie 2, Frans Jongejan 3, Thomas Mather 4, Valérie Choumet 5, Byron Blagburn 6, Reinhard K. Straubinger 7 and Marie Varloud 8,* 1 Clinvet Morocco,