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Overexpression of DCLK1-AL Increases Tumor Cell Invasion, Drug Resistance, and KRAS Activation and Can Be Targeted to Inhibit Tumorigenesis in Pancreatic Cancer
Hindawi Journal of Oncology Volume 2019, Article ID 6402925, 11 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6402925 Research Article Overexpression of DCLK1-AL Increases Tumor Cell Invasion, Drug Resistance, and KRAS Activation and Can Be Targeted to Inhibit Tumorigenesis in Pancreatic Cancer Dongfeng Qu ,1,2,3 Nathaniel Weygant,1 Jiannan Yao ,4 Parthasarathy Chandrakesan,1,2,3 William L. Berry,5 Randal May ,1,2 Kamille Pitts,1 Sanam Husain,6 Stan Lightfoot,6 Min Li,1 Timothy C. Wang,7 Guangyu An ,4 Cynthia Clendenin,8 Ben Z. Stanger,8 and Courtney W. Houchen 1,2,3 Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA Department of Oncology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Dongfeng Qu; [email protected] and Courtney W. Houchen; [email protected] Received 24 January 2019; Revised 10 May 2019; Accepted 27 May 2019; Published 5 August 2019 Academic Editor: Francesca De Felice Copyright © 2019 Dongfeng Qu et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Selective Targeting of Cyclin E1-Amplified High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer by Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 and AKT Inhibition
Published OnlineFirst September 23, 2016; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-0620 Biology of Human Tumors Clinical Cancer Research Selective Targeting of Cyclin E1-Amplified High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer by Cyclin- Dependent Kinase 2 and AKT Inhibition George Au-Yeung1,2, Franziska Lang1, Walid J. Azar1, Chris Mitchell1, Kate E. Jarman3, Kurt Lackovic3,4, Diar Aziz5, Carleen Cullinane1,6, Richard B. Pearson1,2,7, Linda Mileshkin2,8, Danny Rischin2,8, Alison M. Karst9, Ronny Drapkin10, Dariush Etemadmoghadam1,2,5, and David D.L. Bowtell1,2,7,11 Abstract Purpose: Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) amplification is associated with Results: We validate CDK2 as a therapeutic target by demon- primary treatment resistance and poor outcome in high-grade strating selective sensitivity to gene suppression. However, we found serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). Here, we explore approaches to that dinaciclib did not trigger amplicon-dependent sensitivity in a target CCNE1-amplified cancers and potential strategies to over- panel of HGSC cell lines. A high-throughput compound screen come resistance to targeted agents. identified synergistic combinations in CCNE1-amplified HGSC, Experimental Design: To examine dependency on CDK2 in including dinaciclib and AKT inhibitors. Analysis of genomic data CCNE1-amplified HGSC, we utilized siRNA and conditional from TCGA demonstrated coamplification of CCNE1 and AKT2. shRNA gene suppression, and chemical inhibition using dina- Overexpression of Cyclin E1 and AKT isoforms, in addition to ciclib, a small-molecule CDK2 inhibitor. High-throughput mutant TP53, imparted malignant characteristics in untransformed compound screening was used to identify selective synergistic fallopian tube secretory cells, the dominant site of origin of HGSC. -
Hidden Targets in RAF Signalling Pathways to Block Oncogenic RAS Signalling
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Review Hidden Targets in RAF Signalling Pathways to Block Oncogenic RAS Signalling Aoife A. Nolan 1, Nourhan K. Aboud 1, Walter Kolch 1,2,* and David Matallanas 1,* 1 Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; [email protected] (A.A.N.); [email protected] (N.K.A.) 2 Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland * Correspondence: [email protected] (W.K.); [email protected] (D.M.) Abstract: Oncogenic RAS (Rat sarcoma) mutations drive more than half of human cancers, and RAS inhibition is the holy grail of oncology. Thirty years of relentless efforts and harsh disappointments have taught us about the intricacies of oncogenic RAS signalling that allow us to now get a pharma- cological grip on this elusive protein. The inhibition of effector pathways, such as the RAF-MEK-ERK pathway, has largely proven disappointing. Thus far, most of these efforts were aimed at blocking the activation of ERK. Here, we discuss RAF-dependent pathways that are regulated through RAF functions independent of catalytic activity and their potential role as targets to block oncogenic RAS signalling. We focus on the now well documented roles of RAF kinase-independent functions in apoptosis, cell cycle progression and cell migration. Keywords: RAF kinase-independent; RAS; MST2; ASK; PLK; RHO-α; apoptosis; cell cycle; cancer therapy Citation: Nolan, A.A.; Aboud, N.K.; Kolch, W.; Matallanas, D. Hidden Targets in RAF Signalling Pathways to Block Oncogenic RAS Signalling. -
'Stress–Response' Kinase Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease Progression
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Involvement of ‘stress–response’ kinase pathways in Alzheimer’s disease progression 1 Georges Mairet-Coello and Franck Polleux Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of oligomers of Ab are causal to synaptic toxicity [2], trigger dementia, affecting more than 25 million people worldwide. synaptic dysfunction, synapse loss and impaired long- Current models of the pathophysiological mechanisms of AD term potentiation (LTP) [3]. The exact nature of the suggest that the accumulation of soluble oligomeric forms of Ab species (dimers, trimers, Ab*56, protofibrils) respon- amyloid-b (Ab) peptides causes early loss of excitatory sible for this early synaptotoxicity is still under investi- synapses and impairs synaptic plasticity. The signaling gation [4]. Most experimental designs use a mixture of pathways mediating Ab oligomer-induced impairment of various forms of synthetic Ab oligomers, or natural Ab synaptic plasticity and loss of excitatory synapses are only oligomers isolated from the brain of AD subjects, to beginning to be unraveled. Here, we review recent evidence induce rapid loss of excitatory synapses in hippocampal supporting the critical contribution of conserved ‘stress– and cortical neurons in vitro [5–10]. Transgenic mouse response’ kinase pathways in AD progression. models of AD engineered to overexpress human mutant forms of Amyloid Precursor Protein (hAPP), with or with- Addresses out overexpression of mutant presenilins (PS), produce The Scripps Research Institute, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, La Jolla, CA 92037- high levels of Ab1–40 and Ab1–42 peptides and oligo- 1000, USA mers, recapitulate the reduction of excitatory synapses, exhibit neuronal network dysfunction and cognitive def- Corresponding author: Polleux, Franck ([email protected]) 1 icits in spatial learning [6,11]. -
Investigating the Role of Cdk11in Animal Cytokinesis
Investigating the Role of CDK11 in Animal Cytokinesis by Thomas Clifford Panagiotou A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Molecular Genetics University of Toronto © Copyright by Thomas Clifford Panagiotou (2020) Investigating the Role of CDK11 in Animal Cytokinesis Thomas Clifford Panagiotou Master of Science Department of Molecular Genetics University of Toronto 2020 Abstract Finely tuned spatio-temporal regulation of cell division is required for genome stability. Cytokinesis constitutes the final stages of cell division, from chromosome segregation to the physical separation of cells, abscission. Abscission is tightly regulated to ensure it occurs after earlier cytokinetic events, like the maturation of the stem body, the regulatory platform for abscission. Active Aurora B kinase enforces the abscission checkpoint, which blocks abscission until chromosomes have been cleared from the cytokinetic machinery. Currently, it is unclear how this checkpoint is overcome. Here, I demonstrate that the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK11 is required for cytokinesis. Both inhibition and depletion of CDK11 block abscission. Furthermore, the mitosis-specific CDK11p58 kinase localizes to the stem body, where its kinase activity rescues the defects of CDK11 depletion and inhibition. These results suggest a model whereby CDK11p58 antagonizes Aurora B kinase to overcome the abscission checkpoint to allow for successful completion of cytokinesis. ii Acknowledgments I am very grateful for the support of my family and friends throughout my studies. I would also like to express my deep gratitude to Wilde Lab members, both past and present, for their advice and collaboration. In particular, I am very grateful to Matthew Renshaw, whose work comprises part of this thesis. -
Supplementary Information Material and Methods
MCT-11-0474 BKM120: a potent and specific pan-PI3K inhibitor Supplementary Information Material and methods Chemicals The EGFR inhibitor NVP-AEE788 (Novartis), the Jak inhibitor I (Merck Calbiochem, #420099) and anisomycin (Alomone labs, # A-520) were prepared as 50 mM stock solutions in 100% DMSO. Doxorubicin (Adriablastin, Pfizer), EGF (Sigma Ref: E9644), PDGF (Sigma, Ref: P4306) and IL-4 (Sigma, Ref: I-4269) stock solutions were prepared as recommended by the manufacturer. For in vivo administration: Temodal (20 mg Temozolomide capsules, Essex Chemie AG, Luzern) was dissolved in 4 mL KZI/glucose (20/80, vol/vol); Taxotere was bought as 40 mg/mL solution (Sanofi Aventis, France), and prepared in KZI/glucose. Antibodies The primary antibodies used were as follows: anti-S473P-Akt (#9271), anti-T308P-Akt (#9276,), anti-S9P-GSK3β (#9336), anti-T389P-p70S6K (#9205), anti-YP/TP-Erk1/2 (#9101), anti-YP/TP-p38 (#9215), anti-YP/TP-JNK1/2 (#9101), anti-Y751P-PDGFR (#3161), anti- p21Cip1/Waf1 (#2946), anti-p27Kip1 (#2552) and anti-Ser15-p53 (#9284) antibodies were from Cell Signaling Technologies; anti-Akt (#05-591), anti-T32P-FKHRL1 (#06-952) and anti- PDGFR (#06-495) antibodies were from Upstate; anti-IGF-1R (#SC-713) and anti-EGFR (#SC-03) antibodies were from Santa Cruz; anti-GSK3α/β (#44610), anti-Y641P-Stat6 (#611566), anti-S1981P-ATM (#200-301), anti-T2609 DNA-PKcs (#GTX24194) and anti- 1 MCT-11-0474 BKM120: a potent and specific pan-PI3K inhibitor Y1316P-IGF-1R were from Bio-Source International, Becton-Dickinson, Rockland, GenTex and internal production, respectively. The 4G10 antibody was from Millipore (#05-321MG). -
Identifying Novel Actionable Targets in Colon Cancer
biomedicines Review Identifying Novel Actionable Targets in Colon Cancer Maria Grazia Cerrito and Emanuela Grassilli * Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Colorectal cancer is the fourth cause of death from cancer worldwide, mainly due to the high incidence of drug-resistance toward classic chemotherapeutic and newly targeted drugs. In the last decade or so, the development of novel high-throughput approaches, both genome-wide and chemical, allowed the identification of novel actionable targets and the development of the relative specific inhibitors to be used either to re-sensitize drug-resistant tumors (in combination with chemotherapy) or to be synthetic lethal for tumors with specific oncogenic mutations. Finally, high- throughput screening using FDA-approved libraries of “known” drugs uncovered new therapeutic applications of drugs (used alone or in combination) that have been in the clinic for decades for treating non-cancerous diseases (re-positioning or re-purposing approach). Thus, several novel actionable targets have been identified and some of them are already being tested in clinical trials, indicating that high-throughput approaches, especially those involving drug re-positioning, may lead in a near future to significant improvement of the therapy for colon cancer patients, especially in the context of a personalized approach, i.e., in defined subgroups of patients whose tumors carry certain mutations. Keywords: colon cancer; drug resistance; target therapy; high-throughput screen; si/sh-RNA screen; CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen; drug re-purposing; drug re-positioning Citation: Cerrito, M.G.; Grassilli, E. -
Identification of PIM1 Substrates Reveals a Role for NDRG1
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-01528-6 OPEN Identification of PIM1 substrates reveals a role for NDRG1 phosphorylation in prostate cancer cellular migration and invasion Russell J. Ledet1,2,3,5, Sophie E. Ruff1,2,3,5, Yu Wang1,2, Shruti Nayak4, Jeffrey A. Schneider1,2,3, ✉ ✉ 1234567890():,; Beatrix Ueberheide1,4, Susan K. Logan1,2 & Michael J. Garabedian 2,3 PIM1 is a serine/threonine kinase that promotes and maintains prostate tumorigenesis. While PIM1 protein levels are elevated in prostate cancer relative to local disease, the mechanisms by which PIM1 contributes to oncogenesis have not been fully elucidated. Here, we performed a direct, unbiased chemical genetic screen to identify PIM1 substrates in prostate cancer cells. The PIM1 substrates we identified were involved in a variety of oncogenic processes, and included N-Myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 1 (NDRG1), which has reported roles in sup- pressing cancer cell invasion and metastasis. NDRG1 is phosphorylated by PIM1 at serine 330 (pS330), and the level of NDRG1 pS330 is associated higher grade prostate tumors. We have shown that PIM1 phosphorylation of NDRG1 at S330 reduced its stability, nuclear localization, and interaction with AR, resulting in enhanced cell migration and invasion. 1 Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. 2 Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. 3 Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. 4 Proteomics Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. -
Establishment and Genomic Characterization of a Sporadic Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cell Line Jody Fromm Longo1, Stephanie N
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Establishment and genomic characterization of a sporadic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cell line Jody Fromm Longo1, Stephanie N. Brosius3,5,7, Iya Znoyko1, Victoria A. Alers1, Dorea P. Jenkins1, Robert C. Wilson1,2, Andrew J. Carroll4, Daynna J. Wolf1, Kevin A. Roth6 & Steven L. Carroll1,2,3* Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive Schwann cell-derived neoplasms that occur sporadically or in patients with neurofbromatosis type 1 (NF1). Preclinical research on sporadic MPNSTs has been limited as few cell lines exist. We generated and characterized a new sporadic MPNST cell line, 2XSB, which shares the molecular and genomic features of the parent tumor. These cells have a highly complex karyotype with extensive chromothripsis. 2XSB cells show robust invasive 3-dimensional and clonogenic culture capability and form solid tumors when xenografted into immunodefcient mice. High-density single nucleotide polymorphism array and whole exome sequencing analyses indicate that, unlike NF1-associated MPNSTs, 2XSB cells have intact, functional NF1 alleles with no evidence of mutations in genes encoding components of Polycomb Repressor Complex 2. However, mutations in other genes implicated in MPNST pathogenesis were identifed in 2XSB cells including homozygous deletion of CDKN2A and mutations in TP53 and PTEN. We also identifed mutations in genes not previously associated with MPNSTs but associated with the pathogenesis of other human cancers. These include DNMT1, NUMA1, NTRK1, PDE11A, CSMD3, LRP5 and ACTL9. This sporadic MPNST-derived cell line provides a useful tool for investigating the biology and potential treatment regimens for sporadic MPNSTs. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive neoplasms derived from the Schwann cell lineage1,2. -
Eef2k) Natural Product and Synthetic Small Molecule Inhibitors for Cancer Chemotherapy
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Progress in the Development of Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2 Kinase (eEF2K) Natural Product and Synthetic Small Molecule Inhibitors for Cancer Chemotherapy Bin Zhang 1 , Jiamei Zou 1, Qiting Zhang 2, Ze Wang 1, Ning Wang 2,* , Shan He 1 , Yufen Zhao 2 and C. Benjamin Naman 1,* 1 Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China; [email protected] (B.Z.); [email protected] (J.Z.); [email protected] (Z.W.); [email protected] (S.H.) 2 Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; [email protected] (Q.Z.); [email protected] (Y.Z.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (N.W.); [email protected] (C.B.N.) Abstract: Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, CAMKIII) is a new member of an atypical α-kinase family different from conventional protein kinases that is now considered as a potential target for the treatment of cancer. This protein regulates the phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) to restrain activity and inhibit the elongation stage of protein synthesis. Mounting evidence shows that eEF2K regulates the cell cycle, autophagy, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis in several types of cancers. The Citation: Zhang, B.; Zou, J.; Zhang, expression of eEF2K promotes survival of cancer cells, and the level of this protein is increased in Q.; Wang, Z.; Wang, N.; He, S.; Zhao, many cancer cells to adapt them to the microenvironment conditions including hypoxia, nutrient Y.; Naman, C.B. -
Support Info
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting Information Design and synthesis of pyrrole–5-(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)sulfonylindolin-2-ones with C- 3’ side chains as potent Met kinase inhibitors Chia-Wei Liu,a Chun-Liang Lai,a Yu-Hsiang Lin,a Li-Wei Teng,a Sheng-chuan Yang,a Win-Yin Wei,a Shu Fu Lin,a Ju-Ying Yang,a Hung-Jyun Huang,a Ru-Wen Wang,a Chao-Cheng Chiang,a Mei-Hui Lee,a Yu- Chuan Wang,b Shih-Hsien Chuang,a Jia-Ming Chang,a Ying-Shuan E. Lee,a and Jiann-Jyh Huang*a,b aDevelopment Center for Biotechnology, No. 101, Lane 169, Kangning St., Xizhi District, New Taipei City 22180, Taiwan bDepartment of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, No. 300, Syuefu Rd., Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan *Corresponding Author. Tel.: +886 5 271 7959; Fax: +886 5 271 7901. E-mail address: [email protected] (J.-J. Huang) Table of Contents: Page Supporting Figure. Ligplot diagrams of the ATP binding site of Met S2 complexed with compounds 2 and 20. Supporting Table. Kinase profiling data of compound 20. S3 References S10 - S1 - Supporting Figure. Ligplot diagrams1 of the ATP binding site of Met complexed with compounds 2 and 20: (A) Met with 2, and (B) Met with 20. - S2 - Supporting Table. Kinase profiling data of 20. Ambit KinomeScan Kinase Profiling (1.0 μM test concentration): Percentage of Percentage of Ambit Gene Symbol control (%) Ambit Gene Symbol control (%) 20 20 AAK1 68 ARK5 27 ABL1(E255K)-phosphorylated 85 ASK1 100 ABL1(F317I)-nonphosphorylated 78 ASK2 67 -
The Legionella Kinase Legk7 Exploits the Hippo Pathway Scaffold Protein MOB1A for Allostery and Substrate Phosphorylation
The Legionella kinase LegK7 exploits the Hippo pathway scaffold protein MOB1A for allostery and substrate phosphorylation Pei-Chung Leea,b,1, Ksenia Beyrakhovac,1, Caishuang Xuc, Michal T. Bonieckic, Mitchell H. Leea, Chisom J. Onub, Andrey M. Grishinc, Matthias P. Machnera,2, and Miroslaw Cyglerc,2 aDivision of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892; bDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202; and cDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E5, Canada Edited by Ralph R. Isberg, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, and approved May 1, 2020 (received for review January 12, 2020) During infection, the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila Active LATS1/2 phosphorylate the cotranscriptional regulator manipulates a variety of host cell signaling pathways, including YAP1 (yes-associated protein 1) and its homolog TAZ (tran- the Hippo pathway which controls cell proliferation and differen- scriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif). Phosphorylated tiation in eukaryotes. Our previous studies revealed that L. pneu- YAP1 and TAZ are prevented from entering the nucleus by being mophila encodes the effector kinase LegK7 which phosphorylates either sequestered in the cytosol through binding to 14-3-3 pro- MOB1A, a highly conserved scaffold protein of the Hippo path- teins or targeted for proteolytic degradation (6, 8). Consequently, way. Here, we show that MOB1A, in addition to being a substrate the main outcome of signal transduction along the Hippo pathway of LegK7, also functions as an allosteric activator of its kinase is changes in gene expression (6).