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Habitat III National Report GOVERNMENT OF GHANA MINISTRY OF L OCAL G OVERNMENT AND R URAL D EVELOPMENT Habitat III National Report THIRD UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON HOUSING AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT DECEMBER 2015 GOVERNMENT OF GHANA MINISTRY OF L OCAL G OVERNMENT AND R URAL D EVELOPMENT Habitat III National Report THIRD UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON HOUSING AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT DECEMBER 2015 GOVERNMENT OF GHANA MINISTRY OF L OCAL G OVERNMENT AND R URAL D EVELOPMENT Habitat III National Report THIRD UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON HOUSING AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT DECEMBER 2015 Contents Foreword vii Chapter 4 Introduction 1 Urban Governance And Legislation - Issues And Challenges For A New Urban Agenda 32 Chapter 1 21. Improving Urban Legislation 32 Urban Demographic Issues And Challengesfor A New Urban Agenda 3 22. Decentralization and Strengthening of Local Authorities 32 1. Managing Rapid Urbanisation 3 23. Improving Participation and Human Rights in Urban Development 34 2. Managing Rural-Urban Linkages 4 24. Enhancing urban Safety and Security 34 3. Addressing Urban Youth Needs 6 25. Improving Social Inclusion and Equity 35 4. Responding to the Needs of the Aged 8 26. Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt 36 5. Integrating Gender in Urban Development 9 27. Future Challenges and Issues 40 6. Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt 9 7. Future Challenges and Issues for Consideration in New Urban Agenda 11 Chapter 5 7.1 Managing Rapid Urbanisation 11 Urban Economy - Issues Andchallenges For A New Urban Agenda 43 28. Improving Municipal / Local Finance 43 29. Strengthening and Improving Access to Housing Finance 44 Chapter 2 30. Supporting Local Economic Development 45 Land And Urban Planning Issues And Challenges For A New 31. Creating Decent Jobs and Livelihoods 45 Urban Agenda 13 32. Integration of the Urban Economy into National Development Policy 46 8. Ensuring Sustainable Urban Planning and Design 13 33. Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt 48 9. Improving Urban Land Management, including Addressing 34. Future Challenges and Issues for Preparation of New Urban Agenda 50 Urban Sprawl 14 10. Enhancing Urban and Peri-Urban Food Production 15 11. Addressing Urban Mobility Challenges 16 Chapter 6 12. Improving Technical Capacity to Plan and Manage Cities 18 Housing And Basic Services - Issues And Challenges For A 13. Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt 18 New Urban Agenda 52 14. Future Challenges And Issues To Be Addressed By A 35. Slum Upgrading and Prevention 52 New Urban Agenda 20 36. Improving Access to Adequate Housing 53 37. Ensuring Sustainable Access to Safe Drinking Water 53 38. Ensuring Sustainable Access to Basic Sanitation and Drainage 55 Chapter 3 39. Improving Access to Clean Domestic Energy 56 Environment And Urbanisation - Issues And Challenges For A 40. Improving Access to Sustainable Means of Transportation 57 New Urban Agenda 24 41, Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt 58 15. Addressing Climate Change 24 42. Future Challenges and Issues for Consideration in New Urban Agenda 62 16. Disaster Risk Reduction 25 17. Reducing Traffic Congestion 26 18. Air Pollution 27 Chapter 7 19. Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt 27 National Indicators 65 20. Future Challenges and Issues for Preparation of New Urban Agenda 30 43. Urban indicators as available in 2000 and 2010 65 ii Ministry Of Local Government And Rural Development H A B I T A T I I I N A T I O N A L R E P O R T iii Contents Foreword vii Chapter 4 Introduction 1 Urban Governance And Legislation - Issues And Challenges For A New Urban Agenda 32 Chapter 1 21. Improving Urban Legislation 32 Urban Demographic Issues And Challengesfor A New Urban Agenda 3 22. Decentralization and Strengthening of Local Authorities 32 1. Managing Rapid Urbanisation 3 23. Improving Participation and Human Rights in Urban Development 34 2. Managing Rural-Urban Linkages 4 24. Enhancing urban Safety and Security 34 3. Addressing Urban Youth Needs 6 25. Improving Social Inclusion and Equity 35 4. Responding to the Needs of the Aged 8 26. Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt 36 5. Integrating Gender in Urban Development 9 27. Future Challenges and Issues 40 6. Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt 9 7. Future Challenges and Issues for Consideration in New Urban Agenda 11 Chapter 5 7.1 Managing Rapid Urbanisation 11 Urban Economy - Issues Andchallenges For A New Urban Agenda 43 28. Improving Municipal / Local Finance 43 29. Strengthening and Improving Access to Housing Finance 44 Chapter 2 30. Supporting Local Economic Development 45 Land And Urban Planning Issues And Challenges For A New 31. Creating Decent Jobs and Livelihoods 45 Urban Agenda 13 32. Integration of the Urban Economy into National Development Policy 46 8. Ensuring Sustainable Urban Planning and Design 13 33. Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt 48 9. Improving Urban Land Management, including Addressing 34. Future Challenges and Issues for Preparation of New Urban Agenda 50 Urban Sprawl 14 10. Enhancing Urban and Peri-Urban Food Production 15 11. Addressing Urban Mobility Challenges 16 Chapter 6 12. Improving Technical Capacity to Plan and Manage Cities 18 Housing And Basic Services - Issues And Challenges For A 13. Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt 18 New Urban Agenda 52 14. Future Challenges And Issues To Be Addressed By A 35. Slum Upgrading and Prevention 52 New Urban Agenda 20 36. Improving Access to Adequate Housing 53 37. Ensuring Sustainable Access to Safe Drinking Water 53 38. Ensuring Sustainable Access to Basic Sanitation and Drainage 55 Chapter 3 39. Improving Access to Clean Domestic Energy 56 Environment And Urbanisation - Issues And Challenges For A 40. Improving Access to Sustainable Means of Transportation 57 New Urban Agenda 24 41, Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt 58 15. Addressing Climate Change 24 42. Future Challenges and Issues for Consideration in New Urban Agenda 62 16. Disaster Risk Reduction 25 17. Reducing Traffic Congestion 26 18. Air Pollution 27 Chapter 7 19. Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt 27 National Indicators 65 20. Future Challenges and Issues for Preparation of New Urban Agenda 30 43. Urban indicators as available in 2000 and 2010 65 ii Ministry Of Local Government And Rural Development H A B I T A T I I I N A T I O N A L R E P O R T iii Annexes List Of Acronyms & Abbreviations Annex 1: Notes and References on the Chapters 66 ADB African Development Bank Annex 2: List of Persons and Organisations Consulted for Preparing AFD Agence Francaise de Development the National Report 76 BAC Business Advisory Centre Annex 3: HABITAT Committee Members 78 CSOs Civil Society Organisations Annex 4: Participants at Consultative Meeting on the Preparation of DACF District Assemblies Common Fund Habitat III Report 79 Annex 5: Participants at the HABITAT III Report National Validation DDF District Development Fund Workshop 81 ECG Electricity Company of Ghana EPA Environmental Protection Agency FOAT Functional Organisation Assessment Tool Tables GHG Green House Gases GIZ German International Cooperation GREDA Ghana Real Estates Developers Association Table 2. 1: Age Profile of Population in Per Cent 1960-2010 7 GSGDA I Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda I Table 5. 1: Forced Evictions 2007-2014 39 GSGDA II Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda II Table 7. 1: Water Coverage MDG status 1990-2013 55 GSOP Ghana Social Opportunities Project Table 7. 2: Sanitation Coverage - MDG status 1990-2013 59 GSS Ghana Statistical Service GUTP Ghana Urban Transport Project GWCL Ghana Water Company Limited Figures HFC Home Finance Company HIPC Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Figure 3. 1: Vegetable-producing sites in central Accra and Kumasi 15 ICT Information and Communication Technology Figure 3. 2: Transportation Use in Accra by Mode 16 IDA International Development Association Figure 3. 3: Metro Mass Transit buses at Main Terminal 16 IGF Internally-generated fund Figure 3. 4: Map of Accra Pilot BRT network 17 ILO International Labour Organization Figure 4. 1: Flooding in Accra, April 2008 28 KNUST Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Figure 6. 1: Employment Growth by Sector 2000-2010 47 LAP I Land Administration Project I Figure 7. 1: National Road Condition Mix 2000-2010 58 LAP II Land Administration Project II Figure 7. 2: Electrical Energy Demand 1992-2012 60 LUPMP Land Use Planning and Management Programme MCRT Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles MDAs Ministries, Departments and Agencies MDGs Millennium Development Goals MESTI Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation MLGRD Ministry of Local Government & Rural Development MMDAs Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies MSE Medium Scale Enterprises MSP Municipal Services Partnership MTDP Medium-Term Development Plan iv Ministry Of Local Government And Rural Development H A B I T A T I I I N A T I O N A L R E P O R T v Annexes List Of Acronyms & Abbreviations Annex 1: Notes and References on the Chapters 66 ADB African Development Bank Annex 2: List of Persons and Organisations Consulted for Preparing AFD Agence Francaise de Development the National Report 76 BAC Business Advisory Centre Annex 3: HABITAT Committee Members 78 CSOs Civil Society Organisations Annex 4: Participants at Consultative Meeting on the Preparation of DACF District Assemblies Common Fund Habitat III Report 79 Annex 5: Participants at the HABITAT III Report National Validation DDF District Development Fund Workshop 81 ECG Electricity Company of Ghana EPA Environmental Protection Agency FOAT Functional Organisation Assessment Tool Tables GHG Green House Gases GIZ German International Cooperation GREDA Ghana Real Estates Developers Association Table 2. 1: Age Profile of Population in Per Cent 1960-2010 7 GSGDA I Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda I Table 5. 1: Forced Evictions 2007-2014 39 GSGDA II Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda II Table 7. 1: Water Coverage MDG status 1990-2013 55 GSOP Ghana Social Opportunities Project Table 7.
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